544
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Rhetoric versus reality in the rise of policing in UN peace operations: ‘More blue, less green’?

ORCID Icon

References

  • Agordzo, Benjamin Kwasi. 2009. “Filling the ‘Security Gap’ in Post-conflict Situations: Could Formed Police Units Make a Difference?” International Peacekeeping 16 (2): 287–294. doi: 10.1080/13533310802685851
  • Aust, Helmut Philipp. 2015. “The UN Human Rights Due Diligence Policy: An Effective Mechanism Against Complicity of Peacekeeping Forces?” Journal of Conflict and Security Law 20 (1): 61–73. doi: 10.1093/jcsl/kru011
  • Bellamy, Alex J. “The International Deployment Group.” In Policing in Context: An Introduction to Police Work in Australia, edited by Roderic G. Broadhurst and Sara E. Davies. South Melbourne, VIC: Oxford University Press Australia and New Zealand, 2009.
  • Bellamy, Alex, and Charles T. Hunt, forthcoming. “Using Force to Protect Civilians.” In Using Force in UN Peace Operations: New Perspectives, edited by K. Larsdotter. Abingdon: Routledge.
  • Bellamy, Alex J., and P. D. Williams. 2012. “Broadening the Base of United Nations Troop- and Police-Contributing Countries.” In Providing for Peacekeeping. New York: International Peace Institute.
  • Bellamy, Alex J., and Charles T. Hunt. 2015. “Twenty-First Century UN Peace Operations: Protection, Force and the Changing Security Environment.” International Affairs 91 (6): 1277–1298. doi: 10.1111/1468-2346.12456
  • Bellamy, Alex J., Paul Williams, and Stuart Griffin. 2010. Understanding Peacekeeping. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Polity.
  • Birikorang, Emma, forthcoming. D-SIP work forthcoming. https://www.diis.dk/en/projects/d-sip-domestic-security-implications-of-un-peacekeeping-in-ghana.
  • Bosetti, Louise, James Cockayne, and John de Boer. 2016. “Crime-Proofing Conflict Prevention, Management, and Peacebuilding: A Review of Emerging Good Practice.” Occasional Paper 6. Tokyo: United Nations University Centre for Policy Research.
  • Boutellis, Arthur, and Stephanie Tiélès. “Peace Operations and Organised Crime: Still Foggy?” In United Nations Peace Operations in a Changing Global Order, edited by Cedric de Coning and Mateja Peter, 169–190. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019.
  • Brosig, Malte, and Norman Sempijja. 2018. “Does Peacekeeping Reduce Violence? Assessing Comprehensive Security of Contemporary Peace Operations in Africa.” Stability: International Journal of Security and Development 7 (1): 20–23. doi: 10.5334/sta.576
  • Brown, Gavin, Barry Barker, and Terry Burke. 1984. Police as Peacekeepers: The History of the Australian and New Zealand Police Serving with the United Nations Force in Cyprus 1964–1984. Melbourne: UNCIVPOL.
  • Bull, Carolyn. 2008. No Entry Without Strategy: Building the Rule of Law under UN Transitional Administration. Tokyo: United Nations University Press.
  • Call, C., and Michael Barnett. “Looking for a Few Good Cops: Peacekeeping, Peacebuilding and CIVPOL.” In Peacebuilding and Police Reform, edited by Tor Tanke Holm and Espen Barth Eide, 43–68. London: Frank Cass, 2000.
  • Cockayne, James. 2016. Hidden Power: The Strategic Logic of Organized Crime. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Curran, David, and Charles T. Hunt, forthcoming. “Stabilization at the Expense of Peacebuilding in UN Peacekeeping Operations: More than Just a Phase?” Global Governance, OnlineFirst.
  • de Boer, John, and Louise Bosetti. 2015. “Examining the Interactions Between Conflict and Organized Crime.” Our World. United Nations University. https://ourworld.unu.edu/en/examining-the-interactions-between-conflict-and-organized-crime.
  • de Coning, Cedric. 2018. “Adaptive Peacebuilding.” International Affairs 94 (2): 301–317. doi: 10.1093/ia/iix251
  • den Heyer, Garth. 2012. The Role of Civilian Police in Peacekeeping: 1999–2007. Washington, DC: Police Foundation.
  • Diehl, P. F., and A. Balas. 2014. Peace Operations. Cambridge: Polity.
  • Durch, William J., and Michelle Ker. November 2013. “Police in UN Peacekeeping: Improving Selection, Recruitment, and Deployment.” Providing for Peacekeeping. New York: International Peace Institute.
  • Greener, B. K. 2008. “UNPOL: UN Police as Peacekeepers.” Policing and Society 19 (2): 106–118. doi: 10.1080/10439460802187522
  • Greener, B. K. 2009. The New International Policing. Global Issues. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Greener, B. K., and W. J. Fish. 2013. “Police–Military Interaction in International Peace and Stability Operations.” In ACMC Paper 1/2013. Canberra: ACMC.
  • Hills, Alice. 2001. “The Inherent Limits of Military Forces in Policing Peace Operations.” International Peacekeeping 8 (3): 79–98. doi: 10.1080/13533310108413909
  • Hughes, Bryn, Charles T. Hunt, and Jodie Curth-Bibb. 2013. Forging New Conventional Wisdom Beyond International Policing: Learning from Complex, Political Realities. Boston: Martinus Nijhoff.
  • Hunt, Charles T. 2015. UN Peace Operations and International Policing: Negotiating Complexity, Assessing Impact and Learning to Learn. London: Routledge.
  • Hunt, Charles T. 2017. “All Necessary Means to What Ends? The Unintended Consequences of the ‘Robust Turn’ in UN Peace Operations.” International Peacekeeping 24 (1): 108–131. doi: 10.1080/13533312.2016.1214074
  • Hunt, Charles T. 2019. “To Serve and Protect: The Role of UN Police in Protecting Civilians.” IPI Global Observatory. https://theglobalobservatory.org/2019/09/to-serve-and-protect-the-role-of-un-police-protecting-civilians/.
  • Johnson, Hilde Frafjord. 2019. “Protection of Civilians in the United Nations: A Peacekeeping Illusion?” In United Nations Peace Operations in a Changing Global Order, edited by Cedric de Coning and Mateja Peter, 133–152. Cham: Springer International Publishing.
  • Johnston, L. 1998. “Late Modernity, Governance, and Policing.” In How to Recognise Good Policing: Problems and Issues, edited by J. Brodeur, 195–213. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage and Police Executive Research Forum.
  • Karlsrud, J. 2018. The UN at War: Peace Operations in a New Era. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Karlsrud, John. 2019a. “From Liberal Peacebuilding to Stabilization and Counterterrorism.” International Peacekeeping 26 (1): 1–21. doi: 10.1080/13533312.2018.1502040
  • Karlsrud, J. 2019b. “For the Greater Good? “Good States” Turning UN Peacekeeping Towards Counterterrorism.” International Journal: Canada’s Journal of Global Policy Analysis 74 (1): 65–83. doi:10.1177/0020702019834725.
  • Last, D. 2010. “Blending Through International Deployment: Police and Military Roles in Peacekeeping and Stabilisation Operations.” In Blurring Military and Police Roles, edited by Marleen Easton, Monica den Boer, Jelle Janssens, René Moelker, and Tom Vander Beken, 33–55. The Hague: Eleven International Publishing.
  • Lutterbeck, Derek. 2004. “Between Police and Military: The New Security Agenda and the Rise of Gendarmeries.” Cooperation and Conflict 39 (1): 45–68. doi: 10.1177/0010836704040832
  • Moe, Louise Wiuff, and Finn Stepputat. 2018. “Introduction: Peacebuilding in an Era of Pragmatism.” International Affairs 94 (2): 293–299. doi: 10.1093/ia/iiy035
  • Osland, Kari M. 2019. “UN Policing: The Security–Trust Challenge.” In United Nations Peace Operations in a Changing Global Order, edited by Cedric de Coning and Mateja Peter, 191–209. Cham: Springer International Publishing.
  • Oswald, Bruce, and Adrian Bates. 2010. “Privileges and Immunities of United Nations Police.” In Making Sense of Peace and Capacity-Building Operations: Rethinking Policing and Beyond, edited by Bryn W. Hughes, Charles T. Hunt, and Boris Kondoch, 163–190. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff.
  • Paddon Rhoads, Emily. 2016. Taking Sides in Peacekeeping: Impartiality and the Future of the United Nations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Peake, Gordon. 2010. “Understanding International Police Organisations: What the Researchers Do Not See.” In Making Sense of Peace and Capacity-Building Operations: Rethinking Policing and Beyond, edited by Bryn W. Hughes, Charles T. Hunt, and Boris Kondoch, 213–233. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff.
  • Peake, Gordon, and Otwin Marenin. 2008. “Their Reports Are Not Read and Their Recommendations Are Resisted: The Challenge for the Global Police Policy Community.” Police Practice and Research: An International Journal 9 (1): 59–69. doi: 10.1080/15614260801969938
  • Perito, Robert. 2004, Where Is the Lone Ranger When We Need Him? America’s Search for a Postconflict Stability Force. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace, 46.
  • Peter, Mateja. 2019. “UN Peace Operations: Adapting to a New Global Order?” In United Nations Peace Operations in a Changing Global Order, edited by Cedric de Coning and Mateja Peter, 1–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing.
  • Pugh, Michael. 2004. “Peacekeeping and Critical Theory.” International Peacekeeping 11 (1): 41. doi: 10.1080/1353331042000228445
  • Reiner, R. 2000. The Politics of Police. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Reuters. 2018. “U.N. South Sudan Mission Recalls Police Unit Over Sex Abuse Allegations.” https://www.reuters.com/article/us-southsudan-unrest/u-n-south-sudan-mission-recalls-police-unit-over-sex-abuse-allegations-idUSKCN1G80LC.
  • Rotmann, Philipp. 2011. “First Steps Towards a Police Doctrine for UN Peace Operations (2001–2006).” Policing and Society 21 (1): 84–95. doi: 10.1080/10439463.2010.540654
  • Rubenstein, Robert. 2010. “Peacekeeping and the Return of Imperial Policing.” International Peacekeeping 17 (4): 457–470. doi: 10.1080/13533312.2010.516652
  • Sebastián, Sofía, and Aditi Gorur. 2018. U.N. Peacekeeping and Host-State Consent: How Missions Navigate Relationships with Governments. Washington, DC: Stimson.
  • Tanner, Samuel, and Benoit Dupont. 2015. “Police Work in International Peace Operation Environments: A Perspective from Canadian Police Officers in the MINUSTAH.” Policing and Society 25 (6): 663–680. doi: 10.1080/10439463.2014.895348
  • UN. 2000. Brahimi Report. New York: United Nations.
  • UN. 2004. MINUSTAH Mandate UNSCR 1542. New York: United Nations.
  • UN. 2008. United Nations Peacekeeping Operations: Principles and Guidelines. New York: United Nations Peacekeeping Best Practices Section.
  • UN. 2011. Report of the Secretary-General on United Nations Police. A/66/615. New York: UN General Assembly; United Nations.
  • UN. 2014a. SC Resolution 2185. New York: United Nations.
  • UN. 2014b. Policy on United Nations Police in Peacekeeping Operations and Special Political Missions. United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations Department of Field Support, Ref. 2014.01.
  • UN DPKO-DFS. 2015. The Protection of Civilians in United Nations Peacekeeping. DPKO/DFS Policy. Ref. 2015.07. New York: United Nations.
  • UN. 2016a. Report of the Secretary-General on United Nations Policing. S/2016/952. New York: UN Security Council.
  • UN. 2016b. Strategic Guidance Framework for International Police Peacekeeping. New York: United Nations. https://police.un.org/en/sgf.
  • UN DPET. September 2016c. ‘Evaluation of Mission-Specific POC Strategies’ – Executive Summary and Recommendations. New York: UN DPKO/DFS. (On file with author).
  • United Nations. 2016d. External Review of the Functions, Structure and Capacity of the UN Police Division, May 31. New York: United Nations.
  • UN. 2017a. SC Resolution 2382. New York: United Nations.
  • UN. 2017b. The Role of United Nations Police in the Protection of Civilians. New York: United Nations DPKO/DFS.
  • UN. 2018. Community-Oriented Policing in United Nations Peace Operations. REF 2018/04. New York: United Nations. https://police.un.org/sites/default/files/manual-community-oriented-poliicing.pdf.
  • UN. https://police.un.org/en/serious-and-organized-crime.
  • UN OIOS. 2018. Inspection of the Performance of Missions’ Operational Responses to Protection of Civilians (POC) Related Incidents. IED-18-010. New York: Inspection and Evaluation Department, Office of Internal Oversight Services. https://oios.un.org/page/download2/id/66.
  • von Einsiedel, Sebastian. 2017. “Civil War Trends and the Changing Nature of Armed Conflict.” In Occasional Paper 10. Tokyo: United Nations University Centre for Policy Research.
  • Vorrath, Judith. 2018. “Organized Crime on the UN Security Council Agenda Action Against Human Trafficking Reveals Opportunities and Challenges.” SWP Comment, No. 38, October 2018. https://globalinitiative.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/2018C38_vrr.pdf.
  • Williams, Paul, and Thong Nguyen. 2018. “Neighborhood Dynamics in UN Peacekeeping Operations, 1990–2017.” Providing for Peacekeeping. New York: IPI.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.