Bureaucrats on Douyin: The Official Appropriation of Egao in Promoting Tourism on Chinese Social Media

References

• Bai, Z. (2007). Ethnic identities under the tourist gaze. Asian Ethnicity, 8(3), 245–259.
   Google Scholar
• Bakhtin, M. M. (1984). Rabelais and his world (Vol. 341). Indiana University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bennett, W. L., Freelon, D., & Wells, C. (2010). Changing citizen identity and the rise of a participatory media culture. In L. R. Sherrod, J. Torney-Purta, & C. A. Flanagan (Eds.), Handbook of research on civic engagement in youth. John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Bouvier, G., & Way, L. C. (2021). Revealing the politics in ‘soft’, everyday uses of social media: The challenge for critical discourse studies. Social Semiotics, 31(3), 345–364.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, K. (2020). Chinese storytelling in the Xi Jinping era. Hague Journal of Diplomacy, 2121(16), 323–333.
   Google Scholar
• Bytedance. (2020). Douyin 2019 data report. https://index.toutiao.com/report/download/0b215aec3a1fd170e367c6ea3ce2954e.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Campos, B. C., Ren, Y., & Petrick, M. (2016). The impact of education on income inequality between ethnic minorities and Han in China. China Economic Review, 41, 253–267.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caplan, R., & Boyd, D. (2018). Isomorphism through algorithms: Institutional dependencies in the case of Facebook. Big Data & Society, 5(1), 2053951718757253.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, C. (2013). Love that lasts forever, dream of chivalry: On Jin Yong’s martial arts and Chinese chivalric culture. Film Review, 17, 105–106.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, X., Valdovinos Kaye, D. B., & Zeng, J. (2021). #PositiveEnergy Douyin: Constructing ‘playful patriotism’ in a Chinese short-video application. Chinese Journal of Communication, 14(1), 97–117.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dai, B. (2021). Telling China’s story well, innovating the communication system, and creating a new situation for cultural exchange and tourism promotion. China Tourism Review, 1, 1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Eriksson, G., & Kenalemang, L. M. (2023). How cosmetic apps fragmentise and metricise the female face: A multimodal critical discourse analysis. Discourse & Communication, 17(3), 278–297.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fairclough, N. (2003). Analysing discourse: Textual analysis for social research. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Fang, W. (2004). The formation of red significance: A study of left-wing literature in 20^th century China. Anhui Education Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gong, H., & Yang, X. (2010). Digitised parody: The politics of egao in contemporary China. China Information, 24(1), 3–26.
   Google Scholar
• Guo, M. (2018). Playfulness, parody, and carnival: Catchphrases and mood on the Chinese internet from 2003 to 2015. Communication and the Public, 3(2), 134–150.
   Google Scholar
• Herold, D. K. (2011). Human flesh search engines: Carnivalesque riots as components of a ‘Chinese democracy’. In D. K. Herold & P. Marolt (Eds.), Online society in China. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Holcombe, A. (2017). Can China reduce entrenched poverty in remote ethnic minority regions? Lessons from successful poverty alleviation in Tibetan areas of China during 1998–2016. Ash Center Policy Briefs Series. https://ash.harvard.edu/publications/can-china-reduce-entrenched-poverty-remote-ethnic-minority-regions.
   Google Scholar
• Howell, A. (2017). Impacts of migration and remittances on ethnic income inequality in rural China. World Development, 94, 200–211.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, T. M. (2016). Xi Jinping’s new ideas and new thoughts on cyberspace governance – New strategic research (Part 2). Journal of Shantou University, 8, 11–22 (in Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• Huang, Z. A., & Wang, R. (2019). Building a network to ‘tell China stories well’: Chinese diplomatic communication strategies on Twitter. International Journal of Communication, 13, 2984–3007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jenkins, H. (2006). Convergence culture: Where old and new media collide. New York University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jiang, J., Hong, Y., Li, W., & Li, D. (2022). A study on the impact of official promotion short videos on tourists’ destination decision-making in the post-epidemic era. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1015869.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang, D. (2022). Taming the Barbarian empress: Post-alteric imaginary of gender egalitarianism and pan-Chinese nationalism in the legend of Xiao Chuo. Communication, Culture, and Critique, 15(3), 316–335.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KhosraviNik, M. (2017). Social media critical discourse studies (SM-CDS). In J. Flowerdew & J. Richardson (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of critical discourse studies. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Kress, G., & Van Leeuwen, T. (2020). Reading images: The grammar of visual design. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Ledin, P., & Machin, D. (2020). Introduction to multimodal analysis. Bloomsbury Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Li, M., & Mai, H. (2020). The growth of female characters in Xianxia novels from a feminist perspective. Journal of Harbin University, 41(4), 68–71 (in Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• Lu, X. (2020). Cinematic representation of ethnic minorities in PRC and postcolonialism. CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture, 22(5), 8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu, X., & Lu, Z. (2019). Fifteen seconds of fame: A qualitative study of Douyin, a short video sharing mobile application in China. In G. Meiselwitz (Ed.), Social computing and social media. Design, human behavior, and analytics. HCII 2019. Lecture notes in computer science (Vol. 11578). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21902-4_17.
   Google Scholar
• Luo, C. (2021). The communication mechanism of constructing minority internet celebrity image in new media: Taking the ‘Ding Zhen’ incident as an example. Ethnic Studies Tribune, 12(10), 86–90 (in Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• Ma, R. (2007). A new perspective in guiding ethnic relations in the twenty-first century: ‘De-politicization’ of ethnicity in China. Asian Ethnicity, 8(3), 199–217.
   Google Scholar
• Meng, B. (2011). From steamed bun to grass mud horse: E Gao as alternative political discourse on the Chinese internet. Global Media and Communication, 7(1), 33–51.
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell, T. (2002). Rule of experts: Egypt, techno-politics, modernity. University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ng, E., & Li, X. (2022). Brand nohomonationalism: Guofeng (‘national style’) framings of boys’ love television series in China. Asian Studies Review, 47(3), 1–18.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ni, G. (2013). Xi Jinping: Bear in mind what is unfolding, recognise the general trend, focus on big things and strive to do a better job in propaganda and thought work. People’s Daily Online. http://jhsjk.people.cn/article/22636876.
   Google Scholar
• Nordin, A., & Richaud, L. (2014). Subverting official language and discourse in China? Type river crab for harmony. China Information, 28(1), 47–67.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oakes, T. (2013). Heritage as improvement: Cultural display and contested governance in rural China. Modern China, 39(4), 380–407.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qiang, M. (2022). Quantifying the loss of China’s tourism revenue induced by COVID-19. Current Issues in Tourism, 25(24), 3919–3924.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qiao, F., & Wang, Y. (2022). Study on the presentation of Chinese stories in tourism promotional videos from the perspective of semiotics: Taking ‘Ding Zhen’s world’ as an example. Western Radio and Television, 43(21), 165–168 (in Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• Rea, C. (2013). Spoofing (e’gao) culture on the Chinese internet. In J. Milner Davis & J. Chey (Eds.), Humour in Chinese life and culture: Resistance and control in modern times. Hong Kong University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Scott, J. C. (1990). Domination and the arts of resistance: Hidden transcripts. Yale University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Shen, L., & Qi, Y. (2015). The image of Yang Guo and his love in ‘The Return of the Condor Heroes’. Writer, 10, 28–29 (in Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• Song, G. (2004). The fragile scholar: Power and masculinity in Chinese culture, Vol. 1. Hong Kong University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Svensson, M. (2006). In the ancestors’ shadow: Cultural heritage contestations in Chinese villages. Centre for East and Southeast Asian Studies, Lund University.
   Google Scholar
• Szablewicz, M. (2014). The ‘losers’ of China’s internet: Memes as ‘structures of feeling’ for disillusioned young netizens. China Information, 28(2), 259–275.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tian, F. (2021). Characteristics and future development of ancient-style culture. People’s Forum, 11, 101–103 (in Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• Van Leeuwen, T. (2008). Discourse and practice: New tools for critical discourse analysis. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Voci, P. (2010). China on video: Smaller-screen realities. Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, B. (1997). The sublime figure of history: Aesthetics and politics in twentieth century China. Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, C. (2022). Research on the development strategy of contemporary Chinese network traditional music. Art Appreciation, 8, 25–27 (in Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• Wang, D. (2020). Why fiction matters in contemporary China. Brandeis University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, J. (2022). Interpretation of the ‘panoramic tourism’ development strategy of a prefecture-level city: Interview with Liu Hong. Contemporary Tourism, 3, 1–6 (in Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• Wang, Y. (2018, 13 March). Formation of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism: Abolishing the Ministry of Culture and the National Tourism Administration. Xinhua Net. http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2018-03/13/c_1122552072.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, Y. (2022, 25 June). ‘Wuxia Director’ Liu Hong: If I can promote my hometown, I am willing to become an internet celebrity. Farmers’ Daily. https://new.qq.com/rain/a/20220625A07UIZ00.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, Y., & Feng, D. (2023). History, modernity, and city branding in China: A multimodal critical discourse analysis of Xi’an’s promotional videos on social media. Social Semiotics, 33(2), 402–425.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White, S. D. (1998). State discourses, minority policies, and the politics of identity in the Lijiang Naxi people’s autonomous county. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, 4(1–2), 9–27.
   Google Scholar
• Xiang, R. (2021). Analysis of tourist consumer behavior based on push–pull theory after major infectious disease epidemic. PhD thesis. University of Science and Technology of China (in Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• Xu, J., Gong, Q., & Xu, W. (2023). ‘Telling China’s anti-pandemic stories well’: Documentaries for public diplomacy and the paradox of China’s soft power. In D. Sills-Jones & P. Kääpä (Eds.), Documentary in the age of Covid, Vol. 4. Peter Lang.
   Google Scholar
• Yang, G. (2009). The power of the internet in China: Citizen activism online. Columbia University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Yang, G. (2014). Political contestation in Chinese digital spaces: Deepening the critical inquiry. China Information, 28(2), 135–144.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, P., Tang, L., & Wang, X. (2015). Diaosi as infrapolitics: Scatological tropes, identity-making, and cultural intimacy on China’s internet. Media, Culture, & Society, 37(2), 197–214.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, H. (2020). Practical experience and feasible path of Chinese culture’s foreign dissemination: Taking the Li Ziqi short videos on YouTube as an example. Press & Publication in Guangdong, 12, 77–79 (in Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, Y. (2018). Jin Yong’s ‘chivalry’ continues to belong to the present. Zhongguancun, 12, 101–102 (in Chinese).
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, Z. (2021). Infrastructuralization of TikTok: Transformation, power relationships, and platformization of video entertainment in China. Media, Culture, & Society, 43(2), 219–236.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, Z., & Postiglione, G. A. (2010). Representations of ethnic minorities in China’s university media. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 31(3), 319–334.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou, Y. (2008). Egao: Visual carnival and iconoclasm in Chinese cyberspace. Association for Asian Studies Annual Meeting, Atlanta, USA.
   Google Scholar
• Zou, S. (2020). Beneath the bitter laughter: Online parodies, structures of feeling and cultural citizenship in China. Global Media and Communication, 16(2), 131–147.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar