44
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Reimagining Scholars and Eunuchs: Nationalism, Masculinities, and Historicism in King Hu’s Martial Arts Films

Received 26 Dec 2023, Accepted 30 Apr 2024, Published online: 24 Jun 2024

References

  • Bakhtin, M. M. (1981[1990]). Forms of time and of the chronotope in the novel: Notes toward a historical poetics. In M. Holquist (Ed.), The dialogic imagination: Four essays. C. Emerson & M. Holquist, Trans. University of Texas Press.
  • Bordwell, D. (2000). Planet Hong Kong: Popular cinema and the art of entertainment. Harvard University Press.
  • Cai, R. (2013). The portrayal of eunuch characters in Hong Kong martial arts films. Masters thesis, Jinan University.
  • Chiang, H. (2012). How China became a ‘castrated civilization’ and eunuchs a ‘third sex’. In H. Chiang (Ed.), Transgender China. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Chiang, H. (2018). After eunuchs: Science, medicine, and the transformation of sex in modern China. Columbia University Press.
  • Connell, R. W. (1995). Masculinities. University of California Press.
  • Crawford, R. B. (1961). Eunuch power in the Ming dynasty. T’oung Pao, 49(3), 115–148.
  • Fang, Z. (2010). ‘Mountain men’ and the late Ming political situation. Chinese Social Sciences, 1, 199–220.
  • Gilmore, D. (1991). Manhood in the making: Cultural concepts of masculinity. Yale University Press.
  • Giukin, L. (2001). Boy-girls: Genre, body, and popular culture in Hong Kong action movies. In M. Pomerance (Ed.), Ladies and gentlemen, boys and girls: Gender in film at the end of the 20th century. State University of New York Press.
  • Grey, O. (2022). Good Kung Fu Part Two: Shawscope Volume One from Arrow Video. Unwinnable Monthly. https://unwinnable.com/2022/03/09/good-kung-fu-part-two-shawscope-volume-one-from-arrow-video/.
  • Gulik, R. (1974). Sexual life in ancient China: A preliminary survey of Chinese sex and society from ca. 1500 BC till 1644 AD. Brill.
  • Hinsch, B. (2013). Masculinities in Chinese history. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
  • Hiramoto, M. (2012). Don’t think, feel: Mediatization of Chinese masculinities through martial arts films. Language & Communication, 32(4), 386–399.
  • Hird, D., & Song, G. (2018). The cosmopolitan dream: Transnational Chinese masculinities in a global age (1st edn.). Hong Kong University Press.
  • Ho, S. (2009). No spies: Hong Kong cinema’s response to James Bond fever. In A. Huang & P. Li (Eds.), Cold War and Hong Kong cinema. Hong Kong Film Archive.
  • Hu, J. (2013). King Hu talks about films. Fudan University Press.
  • Hu, J., Yamada, K., Udagawa, K., Li, H., & Ma, S. (2015). The ways of King Hu’s martial arts films. Beijing United Publishing Company.
  • Jia, L. (2003). Resolving violence: Narrative strategies in Chinese martial arts films. Contemporary Cinema, 5, 50–56.
  • Kong, T. S. K. (2012). Chinese male bodies: A transnational study of masculinity and sexuality. In B. Turner (Ed.), Routledge handbook of body studies. Routledge.
  • Ku, A. S. M. (2005). Masculinities in self-invention: Critics’ discourses on Kung Fu-action movies and comedies. In L. Pang & D. Wong (Eds.), Masculinities and Hong Kong cinema. Hong Kong University Press.
  • Lin, J. (2022). The King of Wuxia [Video file]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eAKF8gDRHf0.
  • Lo, K. C. (2010). Men aren’t men: Feminization of the masculine subject in the works of some Hong Kong male writers. In K. Tam & T. S. Yip (Eds.), Gender, discourse, and the self in the literature: Issues in mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. Chinese University of Hong Kong Press.
  • Louie, K. (2002). Theorising Chinese masculinity: Society and gender in China. Cambridge University Press.
  • Louie, K. (2014). Chinese masculinities in a globalizing world. Routledge.
  • Lowe, J. (2021). The polemical rhetoric of Jack Neo’s Ah Boys to Men and repertoires of filmic masculinity as sacrifice in Singapore. Asian Studies Review, 45(3), 471–488.
  • Ma, S. (2005). Kung Fu films in diaspora: Death of the bamboo hero. In L. Pang & D. Wong (Eds.), Masculinities and Hong Kong cinema. Hong Kong University Press.
  • Miller, J. H. (1977). The critic as host. Critical Inquiry, 3(3), 439–447.
  • Moi, T. (1985). Sexual/textual politics: Feminist literary theory. Methuen.
  • Qin, Y. (2008). The late Ming imagination in the late Qing and early Republic. Peking University Press.
  • Rist, P. (2007). King Hu: Experimental, narrative filmmaker. In D. W. Davis & R. R. Chen (Eds.), Cinema Taiwan: Politics, popularity, and state of the arts. Routledge.
  • Rojas, C. (2015). Homesickness. Harvard University Press.
  • Song, G. (2004). The fragile scholar: Power and masculinity in Chinese culture. Hong Kong University Press.
  • Song, G. (2019). Masculinizing Jianghu spaces in the past and present: Homosociality, nationalism, and Chineseness. NAN NÜ, 21(1), 107–129.
  • Song, Z. (2006). Thirty years of Taiwanese cinema. Fudan University Press.
  • Su, T. (2020). Drifting South: Shanghai emigre filmmakers and postwar Hong Kong cinema, 1946–1966. Peking University Press.
  • Tan, S. K. (2015). Shaw Brothers’ Bangpian: Global Bondmania, cosmopolitan dreaming, and cultural nationalism. Screen, 56(2), 195–213.
  • Tasker, Y. (1997). Fists of fury: Discourses of race and masculinity in the martial arts cinema. In H. Stecopoulous & M. Uebel (Eds.), Race and the subject of masculinities. Duke University Press.
  • Teo, S. (1997). Hong Kong cinema: The extra dimensions. British Film Institute.
  • Teo, S. (1998). Only the valiant: King Hu and his cinema opera. In L. Kar & P. T. Cheuk (Eds.), Transcending the times: King Hu and Eileen Chang: The 22nd Hong Kong International Film Festival. Provisional Urban Council of Hong Kong.
  • Teo, S. (2007). History, nation, and politics in King Hu’s Dragon Gate Inn and A Touch of Zen. Modern Chinese Literature Journal, 8(1), 115–130.
  • Teo, S. (2009). Chinese martial arts cinema: The wuxia tradition. Edinburgh University Press.
  • Townsend, J. (1992). Chinese nationalism. Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs, 27, 97–130.
  • Tsai, S. S. H. (1996). The eunuchs in the Ming dynasty. State University of New York Press.
  • Vitiello, G. (2011). The libertine’s friend: Homosexuality and masculinity in late imperial China. University of Chicago Press.
  • Wang, D. D. (2007). Post-loyalist writing: The politics of time and memory. Maitian.
  • Wang, D. D. (2013). Post-loyalism. In S. Shih, C. Tsai, & B. Bernards (Eds.), Sinophone studies: A critical reader. Columbia University Press.
  • Wei, Y. (2016). Transforming the image of female chivalry: Popular detective fiction: From the 1940s to 1960s, from Shanghai to Hong Kong, in ‘Huang Ying, the Female Cat Burglar’ series and ‘The Dark Heroine Mulan Hua’ series. Modern Chinese Literature Studies, 13(1–2), 131–155.
  • Wen, H. (2021). Gentle yet manly: Xiao xian rou, male cosmetic surgery, and neoliberal consumer culture in China. Asian Studies Review, 45(2), 253–271.
  • Whalen-Bridge, J., & Farrer, D. S. (2011). Martial arts as embodied knowledge: Asian traditions in a transnational world. State University of New York Press.
  • Wu, X. (2002). Narrative of Ming and Qing dynasties in contemporary historical novels. Literary Review, 4, 132–142.
  • Wu, Y. (2011). Yin and yang: The cinematic world of King Hu. Fudan University Press.
  • Xie, S., & Xie, G. (2020). The interpretation and writing of the historiographical image of the jinyiwei in the Ming dynasty by Republican scholars. Journal of Historiography, 1, 32–43.
  • Yip, M. F. (2017). Martial arts cinema and Hong Kong modernity: Aesthetics, representation, circulation. Hong Kong University Press.
  • Zhou, Z. (2012). The androgynous ideal in scholar–beauty romances: A historical and cultural view. In H. Chiang (Ed.), Transgender China. Palgrave Macmillan.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.