785
Views
10
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ARTICLES

Creativity, Schizotypicality, and Mystical Experience: An Empirical Study

&
Pages 266-279 | Published online: 19 Aug 2013

REFERENCES

  • Almaas , A. H. ( 1986 ). Essence: The diamond approach to inner realization . York Beach , ME : S. Weiser .
  • Ambers , S. J. , & Burke , W. F. ( 2000 ). Creative artists and intrapsychic structure . Empirical Studies of the Arts , 18 , 19 – 32 .
  • Andreasen , N. C. ( 1987 ). Creativity and mental illness: Prevalence rates in writers and first-degree relatives . American Journal of Psychiatry , 144 , 1288 – 1292 .
  • Ayers , L. , Beaton , S. , & Hunt , H. ( 1999 ). The significance of transpersonal experiences, emotional conflicts, and cognitive abilities in creativity . Journal of the International Association of Empirical Aesthetics , 17 , 73 – 82 .
  • Baer , J. ( 2008 ). Commentary: Divergent thinking tests have problems, but this is not the solution . Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts , 2 , 89 – 92 .
  • Barron , F. ( 1953 ). An ego-strength scale which predicts response to psychotherapy . Journal of Consulting Psychology , 17 , 327 – 333 .
  • Barron , F. , & Welsh , G. S. ( 1952 ). Artistic perception as a possible factor in personality style: Its measurement by a figure preference test . Journal of Psychology , 33 , 199 – 203 .
  • Barron , F. X. ( 1969 ). Creative person and creative process . New York , NY : Holt, Rinehart, & Winston .
  • Batey , M. , & Furnham , A. ( 2008 ). The relationship between measures of creativity and schizotypy . Personality and Individual Differences , 45 , 816 – 821 .
  • Belicki , K. , & Belicki , D. ( 1986 ). Predisposition for nightmares: A study of hypnotic ability, vividness of imagery, and absorption . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 42 , 714 – 718 .
  • Bernheim , K. F. , & Lewine , R. R. J. ( 1979 ). Schizophrenia: Symptoms, causes, treatments . New York , NY : WW Norton & Co .
  • Binswanger , L. ( 1963 ). Being in the world. Selected Papers of Ludwig Binswanger . New York , NY : Basic Books .
  • Brod , J. H. ( 1997 ). Creativity and schizotypy . In G. Claridge (Ed.), Schizotypy. Implications for illness and health (pp. 276 – 298 ). New York , NY : Oxford University Press .
  • Brown , J. ( 2008 ). The inward path: Mysticism and creativity . Creativity Research Journal , 20 , 365 – 375 .
  • Burch , G. St. J. , Pavelis , C. , Hemsley , D. R. , & Corr , P. J. ( 2006 ). Schizotypy and creativity in visual artists . British Journal of Psychology , 97 , 177 – 190 .
  • Burch , G. St. J. , Steel , C. , & Hemsley , D. R. ( 1998 ). Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences: Reliability in an experimental population . British Journal of Clinical Psychology , 37 , 107 – 108 .
  • Carson , S. H. , Higgins , D. M. , & Peterson , J. B. ( 2003 ). Decreased latent inhibition is associated with increased creative achievement in high-functioning individuals . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 85 , 499 – 506 .
  • Chapman , L. J. , Chapman , J. P. , Kwapil , T. R. , Eckblad , M. , & Zinser , M. C. ( 1994 ). Putatively psychosis-prone subjects 10 years later . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 103 , 171 – 183 .
  • Chapman , L. J. , Chapman , J. P. , & Raulin , M. L. ( 1976 ). Scales for physical and social anhedonia . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 87 , 399 – 407 .
  • Chavez-Eakle , R. A. , del Carmen Lara , M. , & Cruz-Fuentes , C. ( 2006 ). Personality: A possible bridge between creativity and psychopathology? Creativity Research Journal , 18 , 27 – 38 .
  • Claridge , G. ( 1997 ). Schizotypy. Implications for illness and health . New York , NY : Oxford University Press .
  • Claridge , G. , & David , C. ( 2001 ). What's the use of neuroticism? Personality and Individual Differences , 31 , 383 – 400 .
  • Claridge , G. , McCreery , C. , Mason , O. , Bentall , R. , Boyle , G. , Slade , P. , & Popplewell , D. ( 1996 ). The factor structure of “schizotypal” traits: A large replication study . British Journal of Clinical Psychology , 35 , 103 – 115 .
  • Costa , P. T. , Jr. , & McCrae , R. R. (1992). Revised NEO personality inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO five factor inventory (NEO-FFI): Professional manual . Odessa , FL : Psychological Assessment Resources.
  • Cowling , W. R. III. ( 1985 ). Relationship of mystical experience, differentiation, and creativity . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 61 , 451 – 456 .
  • Cox , A. J. , & Leon , J. L. ( 1999 ). Negative schizotypal traits in the relation of creativity to psychopathology . Creativity Research Journal , 12 , 25 – 36 .
  • Eckblad , M. , & Chapman , L. J. ( 1983 ). Magical ideation as an indicator of schizotypy . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 51 , 215 – 225 .
  • Ettinger , U. , Kumari , V. , Crawford , T. J. , Flak , V. , Sharma , T. , Davis , R. E. , & Corr , P. J. ( 2005 ). Saccadic eye movements, schizotypy, and the role of neuroticism . Biological Psychology , 68 , 61 – 78 .
  • Eysenck , H. J. ( 1983 ). The roots of creativity. Cognitive ability or personality trait? Roeper Review , 5 , 10 – 12 .
  • Eysenck , H. J. ( 1995 ). Genius: The natural history of creativity . Cambridge , England : Cambridge University Press .
  • Fisher , J. , Mohanty , A. , Herrington , J. D. , Koven , N. S. , Miller , G. , & Heller , W. ( 2004 ). Neuropsychological evidence for dimensional schizotypy: Implications for creativity and psychopathology . Journal of Research in Personality , 38 , 24 – 31 .
  • Furnham , A. , & Bachtiar , V. ( 2008 ). Personality and intelligence as predictors of creativity . Persoanlity and Individual Differences , 45 , 613 – 617 .
  • Ghadirian , A.-M. , Gregoire , P. , & Kosmidis , H. ( 2001 ). Creativity and the evolution of psychopathologies . Creativity Research Journal , 13 , 145 – 148 .
  • Gick , M. , McLeod , C. , & Hulihan , D. ( 1997 ). Absorption, social desirability, and symptoms in a behavioral medicine population . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 185 , 454 – 458 .
  • Gough , H. G. ( 1976 ). Studying creativity by means of word association tests . Journal of Applied Psychology , 61 , 348 – 353 .
  • Goulding , A. ( 2004 ). Schizotypy models in relation to subjective health and paranormal beliefs and experiences . Personality and Individual Differences , 37 , 157 – 167 .
  • Green , M. J. , & Williams , L. M. ( 1999 ). Schizotypy and creativity as effects of reduced cognitive inhibition . Personality and Individual Differences , 27 , 263 – 276 .
  • Guntrip , H. ( 1968 ). Schizoid phenomena, object relations and the self . New York , NY : International Universities Press .
  • Heinrichs , R. , & Zakzanis , K. ( 1998 ). Neurocognitive deficit in schizophrenia: A quantitative review of the evidence . Neuropsychology , 12 , 426 – 445 .
  • Hocevar , D. ( 1981 ). Measurement of creativity: Review and critique . Journal of Personality Assessment , 45 , 450 – 464 .
  • Hood , R. ( 1975 ). The construction and preliminary validation of a measure of reported mystical experience . Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion , 14 , 29 – 41 .
  • Hood , R. W. , Jr. , Ghorbani , N. , Watson , P. J. , Ghramaleki , A. F. , Bing , M. N. , Davison , H. K. , Morris , R. J. , & Williamson , W. P. ( 2001 ). Dimensions of the Mysticism Scale: Confirming the three-factor structure in the United-States and Iran . Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion , 40 , 691 – 705 .
  • Howell , D. C. ( 2007 ). Statistical methods for psychology () , 6th ed. . Belmont , CA : Thomson Wadsworth .
  • Hu , Z. , Liu , X. , Huo , K. , & Li , Y. ( 2000 ). Factor analysis on the intelligence of patients with schizophrenia . Hua xi yi Ked a Xue Bao , 31 , 110 – 112 .
  • Hunt , H. , Dougan , S. , Grant , K. , & House , M. ( 2002 ). Growth enhancing versus dissociative states of consciousness: A questionnaire study . Journal of Humanistic Psychology , 42 , 90 – 106 .
  • Hunt , H. T. ( 2007 ). “Dark nights of the soul”. Phenomenology and neurocognition of spiritual suffering in mysticism and psychosis . Review of General Psychology , 11 , 209 – 234 .
  • Hunt , H. T. , Gervais , A ,, Shearing-Johns , S. , & Travis , F. ( 1992 ). Transpersonal experiences in childhood: An exploratory empirical study of selected adult groups . Perceptual Motor Skills , 75 , 1135 – 1153 .
  • Hunt , H. T. , & Michalica , K. ( 2008 ). Existential presence questionnaire. Unpublished.
  • Hunt , K. T. ( 1995 ). On the nature of consciousness: Cognitive, phenomenological, and transpersonal perspectives . New Haven , CT : Yale University Press .
  • Jamison , K. R. ( 1993 ). Touched with fire: Manic-depressive illness and the artistic temperament . Toronto , Canada : Free Press .
  • King , L. A. , McKee , W. L. , & Broyles , S. J. ( 1996 ). Creativity and the five-factor model . Journal of Research in Personality , 30 , 189 – 203 .
  • Komarik , E. ( 1972 ). Creativity and orthogonal factors of personality . Sbornik Praci Filosoficke Fakulty , 20 , 115 – 124 .
  • Kravariti , E. , Dixon , T. , Frith , C. , Murray , R. , & McGuire , P. ( 2005 ). Association of symptoms and executive function in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder . Schizophrenia Research , 74 , 221 – 231 .
  • Lilienfeld , S. O. ( 1997 ). The relation of anxiety sensitivity to higher and lower order personality dimensions: Implications for the etiology of panic attacks . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 106 , 539 – 544 .
  • Ludwig , A. M. ( 1994 ). Mental illness and creative activity in female writers . American Journal of Psychiatry , 151 , 1650 – 1656 .
  • Ludwig , A. M. ( 1995 ). The Price of Greatness: Resolving the creativity and madness controversy . New York , NY : Guilford Press .
  • Ludwig , A. M. ( 1998 ). Method and madness in the arts and sciences . Creativity Research Journal , 11 , 93 – 101 .
  • MacLeod , C. M. , & Jackson , R. A. ( 1986 ). On the relation between spatial ability and field dependence . Intelligence , 10 , 141 – 151 .
  • MacKinnon , D. W. ( 1962 ). The nature and nurture of creative talent . American Psychologist , 17 , 484 – 495 .
  • Manmiller , J. L. , Kumar , V. K. , & Pekala , R. J. ( 2005 ). Hypnotizability, creative capacity, creativity styles, absorption, and phenomenological experience during hypnosis . Creativity Research Journal , 17 , 9 – 24 .
  • Maslow , A. H. ( 1968 ). Toward a psychology of being . New York , NY : Van Nostrand .
  • Mason , O. , Claridge , G. , & Jackson , M. ( 1995 ). New scales for the assessment of schizotypy . Personality and Individual Differences , 18 , 7 – 13 .
  • McClure , E. B. , & Lilienfeld , S. O. ( 2002 ). The dark side of absorption: Empirical associations between an experiential response style and hypochondriacal concerns . Journal of Research in Personality , 36 , 573 – 579 .
  • McCrae , R. R. , & Costa , P. T. , Jr. ( 2007 ). Brief versions of the NEO-PI-3 . Journal of Individual Differences , 28 , 116 – 128 .
  • Meehl , P. E. ( 1962 ). Schizotaxia, schizotypy, schizophrenia . American Psychologist , 17 , 827 – 838 .
  • Moreno , R. & Morales , M. ( 2008 ). Studying master paintings to promote painting skills: The role of visualization, copying from memory, and spatial ability . Empirical Studies of the Arts , 26 , 131 – 154 .
  • Nettle , D. ( 2006 ). Schizotypy and mental health amongst poets, visual artists, and mathematicians . Journal of research in Personality , 40 , 876 – 890 .
  • O'Reilly , T. , Dunbar , R. , & Bentall , R. ( 2001 ). Schizotypy and creativity: An evolutionary connection? Personality and Individual Differences , 31 , 1067 – 1078 .
  • Park , S. , Puschel , J. , Sacter , B. , Rentsch , M. , & Hell , D. ( 2002 ). Spatial working deficits and clinical symptoms in schizophrenia; A 4-month follow up study . Biological Psychiatry , 46 , 392 – 400 .
  • Perez-Fabello , M. J. , & Campos , A. ( 2011 ). Dissociative experiences and creativity in fine arts students . Creativity Research Journal , 23 , 38 – 41 .
  • Post , F. ( 1994 ). Creativity and psychopathology: A study of 291 world-famous men . British Journal of Psychiatry , 165 , 22 – 34 .
  • Preacher , K. J. , & Leonardelli , G. J. (2001). Calculation of the Sobel Test. An interactive calculation tool for mediation tests. Retrieved April 11, 2009, from http://www.people.ku.edu/~preacher/sobel/sobel.htm
  • Prentky , R. ( 1989 ). Creativity and psychopathology: Gamboling at the seat of madness . In J. Glover , R. Ronning & C. R. Reynolds (Eds.), Handbook of creativity (pp. 243 – 271 ). New York , NY : Plenum .
  • Rank , O. ( 1932 ). Art and artist. Creative urge and personality development . New York , NY : Agathan Press .
  • Richards , R. ( 1990 ). Everyday creativity, eminent creativity, and health: “Afterview” for CRJ issues on “Creativity and Health” . Creativity Research Journal , 3 , 300 – 326 .
  • Roche , S. M. & McConkey , K. M. ( 1990 ). Absorption: Nature, assessment, and correlates . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 59 , 91 – 101 .
  • Rubinstein , G. ( 2008 ). Are schizophrenic patients necessarily creative? A comparative study between three groups of psychiatric inpatients . Personality and Individual Differences , 45 , 806 – 810 .
  • Sass , L. A. ( 1992 ). Madness and modernism. Insanity in the light of modern art, literature, and thought . New York , NY : Basic Books .
  • Sass , L. A. ( 2000–2001 ). Schizophrenia, modernism, and the “creative imagination”: On creativity and psychopathology . Creativity Research Journal , 13 , 55 – 74 .
  • Sass , L. A. , & Parnas , J. ( 2003 ). Schizophrenia, consciousness, and the self . Schizophrenia Bulletin , 29 , 427 – 444 .
  • Schilder , P. ( 1950 ). The image and appearance of the human body . New York , NY : International Universities Press .
  • Schuldberg , D. ( 2000–2001 ). Six subclinical spectrum traits in normal creativity . Creativity Research Journal. Special Issue: Creativity and the Schizophrenia Spectrum , 13 , 5 – 16 .
  • Sheringham , J. ( 1999 ). Research finds links between high intelligence and schizophrenia . Acta Psychiatric Scandinavica , 100 , 17 – 26 .
  • Spadafora , A. , & Hunt , H. ( 1990 ). The multiplicity of dreams: Cognitive-affective correlates of lucid, archetypal, and nightmare dreaming . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 71 , 627 – 644 .
  • Spotts , J. V. , & Mackler , B. ( 1967 ). Relationships of field-dependent and field-independent cognitive styles to creative test performance . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 24 , 239 – 268 .
  • Stifler , K. R. , Greer , J. , Sneck , W. , & Dovenmuehle , R. ( 1993 ). An empirical investigation of the discriminability of reported mystical experiences among religious contemplatives, psychotic inpatients, and normal adults . Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion , 32 , 366 – 372 .
  • Sullivan , E. V. , Rosenbloom , M. J. , & Pfefferbaum , A. ( 2002 ). Balance and gait deficits in schizophrenia compounded by the comorbidity of alcoholism . American Journal of Psychiatry , 161 , 751 – 755 .
  • Swartz , P. , & Seginer , L. ( 1981 ). Response to body rotation and tendency to mystical experience . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 53 , 683 – 688 .
  • Tellegen , A. ( 1982 ). Content categories: Absorption items (revised). Unpublished manuscript, University of Minnesota.
  • Tellegen , A. , & Atkinson , G. ( 1974 ). Openness to absorbing and self-altering experiences (“absorption”), a trait related to hypnotic susceptibility . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 83 , 268 – 277 .
  • Thurstone , L. L. ( 1944 ). A factorial study of perception . Chicago , IL : University of Chicago Press .
  • Tsakanikos , E. , & Claridge , G. ( 2005 ). More words, less words: Verbal Fluency as a function of ‘positive’ and ‘negative’ schizotypy . Personality and Individual Differences , 39 , 705 – 710 .
  • Ward , T. B. , Smith , S. M. , & Finke , R. A. ( 1999 ). Creative cognition . In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), Handbook of creativity (pp. 3 – 15 ). New York , NY : Cambridge University Press .
  • Ward , T. B. , Smith , S. M. , & Vaid , J. ( 1997 ). Conceptual structures and processes in creative thought . In T. B. Ward , S. M. Smith & J. Vaid (Eds.), Creative thought. An investigation of conceptual structures and processes (pp. 1 – 27 ). Washington , DC : American Psychological Association .
  • Welsh , G. S. ( 1975 ). Creativity and intelligence: A personality approach . Chapel Hill , NC : Institute for Research in Social Science, University of North Carolina .
  • Witkin , H. A. ( 1950 ). Individual differences in ease of perception of embedded figures . Journal of Personality , 19 , 1 – 15 .
  • Zannit , S. , Allebeck , P. , David , A. S. , Dalman , C. , Hemmingsson , T. , Lundberg , I. , & Lewis , G. ( 2004 ). A longitudinal study of premorbid IQ score and risk of developing schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, sever depression, and other nonaffective psychoses . Archives of General Psychiatry , 61 , 354 – 360 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.