Assessing the Effects of Organizational Culture, Rewards, and Individual Creativity on Technical Workgroup Performance

REFERENCES

• Amabile , T. M. ( 1983 ). The social psychology of creativity . New York , NY : Springer-Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Amabile , T. M. ( 1996 ). Creativity in context . Boulder , CO : Westview Press .
   Google Scholar
• Amabile , T. M. , & Cheek , J. ( 1988 ). Microscopic and macroscopic creativity . Journal of Social and Biological Structures , 11 , 57 – 60 .
   Google Scholar
• Amabile , T. M. , Conti , R. , Coon , H. , Lazenby , J. , & Herron , M. ( 1996 ). Assessing the work environment for creativity . Academy of Management Journal , 39 , 1154 – 1184 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amabile , T. M. , Hennessey , B. , & Grossman , B. ( 1986 ). Social influences on creativity: The effects of contracted for reward . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 44 , 400 – 406 .
   Google Scholar
• Anderson , N. R. , & West , M. A. ( 1998 ). Measuring climate for work group innovation: development and validation of the Team Climate Inventory . Journal of Organizational Behavior , 19 , 235 – 258 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashkanasy , N. , Broadfoot , L. , & Falkus , S. ( 2000 ). Questionnaire measures of organizational culture . In N. Ashkanasy , C. Wilderom , & M. Peterson (Eds.), Handbook of organizational culture and climate (pp. 131 – 162 ). Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Baer , J. ( 2011 ). Four (more) arguments against the Torrance Tests . Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts , 5 , 316 – 317 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brief , A. , Umphress , E. , Dietz , J. , Burrows , J. , Butz , R. , & Scholten , L. ( 2005 ). Community matters: Realistic group conflict theory and the impact of diversity . Academy of Management Journal , 48 , 830 – 844 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryson , A. , Freeman , R. , Lucifora , C. , Pellizzari , M. , & Perotin , V. ( 2012 ). Paying for performance: Incentive pay schemes and employees’ financial participation. CEP Discussion Paper No. 1112. London, England: Centre for Economic Performance.
   Google Scholar
• Center for Creative Learning . ( 2002 ). Assessing Creativity Index. Retrieved January 2014 from http://www.creativelearning.com/free-resources/assessing-creativity-index
   Google Scholar
• Chatman , J. , & Barsade , S. ( 1995 ). Personality, organizational culture, and cooperation: evidence from a business simulation . Administrative Science Quarterly , 40 , 423 – 443 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chatman , J. , & Spataro , A. ( 2005 ). Using self-categorization theory to understand relational demography-based variations in people's responsiveness to organizational culture . Academy of Management Journal , 48 , 321 – 331 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chuang , Y. , Church , R. , & Zikic , J. ( 2004 ). Organizational culture, group diversity, and intra-group conflict . Team Performance Management , 10 , 26 – 34 .
   Google Scholar
• Collins , M. A. , & Amabile , T. M. ( 1999 ). Motivation and creativity . In R. Sternberg (Ed.), Handbook of creativity (pp. 297 – 312 ). Cambridge , UK : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Condry , J. ( 1977 ). Enemies of exploration: Self-initiated versus other-initiated learning . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 35 , 459 – 477 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper , R. , & Jayatilaka , B. ( 2006 ). Group creativity: The effects of extrinsic, intrinsic, and obligation motivations . Creativity Research Journal , 18 , 153 – 172 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cropley , A. ( 2006 ). In praise of convergent thinking . Creativity Research Journal , 18 , 391 – 404 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deci , E. L. (1971). “Effects of externally mediated rewards on intrinsic motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 18, 105–115.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deci , E. L. , & Ryan , R. ( 1985 ). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior . New York , NY : Plenum .
   Google Scholar
• Deming , W. E. ( 1994 ). The new economics for industry, government, education . Cambridge , MA : MIT Center for Advanced Educational Services .
   Google Scholar
• Dobbins , G. H. , Lane , I. M. , & Steiner , D. D. ( 1988 ). A note on the role of laboratory methodologies in applied behavioral research: Don't throw out the baby with the bath water . Journal of Organizational Behavior , 9 , 281 – 286 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dobbins , G. H. , Lane , I. M. , & Steiner , D. D. ( 1988 ). A further examination of student babies and laboratory bath water: A response to Slade and Gordon . Journal of Organizational Behavior , 9 , 377 – 378 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards , J. ( 1994 ). The study of congruence in organizational behavior research: Critique and a proposed alternative . Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , 58 , 51 – 100 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisenberg , R. , & Armeli , S. ( 1997 ). Can salient rewards increase creative performance without reducing intrinsic creative interest? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 72 ( 3 ), 652 – 663 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekvall , G. ( 1996 ). Organizational climate for creativity and innovation . European Work and Organizational Psychology , 5 ( 1 ), 105 – 123 .
   Google Scholar
• Feist , G. ( 1999 ). Influence of personality on artistic and scientific creativity . In R. Sternberg (Ed.), Handbook of creativity (pp. 297 – 312 ). Cambridge , UK : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Funder , D. , & Colvin , R. ( 1988 ). Friends and strangers: Acquaintanceship, agreement, and the accuracy of personality judgement . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 55 , 149 – 158 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gardner , H. ( 1993 ). Multiple intelligences: The theory in practice . New York , NY : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• Gibbons , M. ( 2007 ). High achievers . Prism , 17 ( 4 ), 22 – 23 .
   Google Scholar
• Glover , J. , & Gary , A. ( 1976 ). Procedures to increase some aspects of creativity . Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis , 9 , 79 – 84 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goff , K. , & Torrance , E. ( 2002 ). Abbreviated Torrance test for adults manual . Bensenville , IL : Scholastic Testing Service .
   Google Scholar
• Gordon , M. E. , Slade , L. A. , & Schmitt , N. ( 1986 ). The “science of the sophomore” revisited: From conjecture to empiricism . Academy of Management Review , 11 , 191 – 201 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon , M. , Slade , L. , & Schmitt , N. ( 1987 ). Student guinea pigs: Porcine predictors and particularistic phenomena . Academy of Management Review , 12 , 160 – 163 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenberg , J. ( 1987 ). The college sophomore as a guinea pig: Setting the record straight . Academy of Management Review , 12 , 157 – 159 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haidt , J. , Rosenberg , E. , & Hom , H. ( 2003 ). Differentiating diversities: Moral diversity is not like other kinds . Journal of Applied Social Psychology , 33 , 1 – 36 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hennessey , B. , & Amabile , T. M. ( 1988 ). The conditions of creativity . In R. Sternberg (Ed.), The nature of creativity (pp. 11 – 38 ). Cambridge , UK : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hu , L. , & Bentler , P. ( 1999 ). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives . Structural Equation Modeling , 6 , 1 – 55 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunter , S. , Bedell , K. , & Mumford , M. ( 2005 ). Dimensions of creative climate: A general taxonomy . Korean Journal of Thinking and Problem Solving , 15 , 97 – 116 .
   Google Scholar
• Janssen , O. ( 2000 ). Job demands, perceptions of effort-reward, fairness and innovative work behavior . Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology , 73 , 287 – 302 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelley , H. , & Stahelski , A. ( 1970 ). Social interaction basis of cooperators and competitors’ beliefs about others . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 16 , 66 – 91 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim , K. H. ( 2006 ). Can we trust creativity tests? A review of the Torrance test of creative thinking (TTCT) . Creativity Research Journal , 18 , 3 – 14 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kline , R. ( 2005 ). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling . New York , NY : Guilford .
   Google Scholar
• Konrad , A. M. ( 2006 ). Engaging employees through high-involvement work practices . Ivey Business Journal, March/April , 1 – 6 .
   Google Scholar
• Kramer , R. ( 1991 ). Intergroup relations and organizational dilemmas: The role of categorization processes . In L. L. Cummings & B. M. Staw (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior 13 (pp. 191 – 227 ). Greenwich , CT : JAI Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kurtzberg , T. ( 2005 ). Feeling creative, being creative: An empirical study of diversity and creativity in teams . Creativity Research Journal , 17 , 51 – 64 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurtzberg , T. , & Amabile , T. A. ( 2001 ). From Guilford to creative synergy: Opening the black box of team level creativity . Creativity Research Journal , 13 , 285 – 294 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawler , E. , III. ( 2003 ). Reward practices and performance management system effectiveness . Organizational Dynamics , 32 ( 4 ), 396 – 404 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lepper , M. R. , Green , D. , & Nisbett , R. E. ( 1973 ). Undermining children's intrinsic interest with extrinsic reward: A test of the ‘overjustification’ hypothesis . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 28 , 129 – 137 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maltzman , I. ( 1960 ). On the training of originality . Psychological Review , 67 , 229 – 242 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montgomery , D. ( 1997 ). Design and analysis of experiments . New York , NY : Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Nemeth , C. J. ( 1997 ). Managing innovation: When less is more . California Management Review , 40 , 59 – 74 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oldham , G. R. ( 2003 ). Stimulating and supporting creativity in organizations . In S. E. Jackson , M. A. Hitt , & A. S. DeNisi (Eds.), Managing knowledge for sustained competitive advantage (pp. 243 – 273 ). San Francisco , CA : Jossey-Bass .
   Google Scholar
• Pate , S. , Watson , W. , & Johnson , L. ( 1998 ). The effect of competition on the decision quality of diverse and non-diverse groups . Journal of Applied Social Psychology , 28 , 912 – 923 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paulus , P. , Brown , V. , & Ortega , A. ( 1999 ). Group creativity. In R. Purer & A. Montuori (Eds.), Social Creativity , Vol. 2 (pp. 151 – 176 ). Cresskill , NJ : Hampton Press .
   Google Scholar
• Paulus , P. B. , Nakui , T. , & Baruah , J. ( 2006 ). Enhancing group creativity: Effects of training, diversity, and attitudes toward diversity. Retrieved January 2014 from http://www.lrdc.pitt.edu/schunn/innov2006/talks/Paulus.pdf .
   Google Scholar
• Pedhazur , E. , & Schmelkin , L. ( 1991 ). Measurement, design, and analysis: An integrated approach . Hillsdale , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Pfeffer , J. , & Sutton , R. ( 2006 ). What's wrong with pay-for-performance . Industrial Management , 48, 2 , 12 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• Polzer , J. , Milton , L. , & Swan , W. B. ( 2002 ). Capitalizing on diversity: Interpersonal congruence in small work groups . Administrative Science Quarterly , 47 , 296 – 324 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruscio , J. , Whitney , D. , & Amabile , T. ( 1998 ). Looking inside the fishbowl of creativity: Verbal and behavioral predictors of creative performance . Creativity Research Journal , 11 , 243 – 263 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saffold , G. ( 1988 ). Culture traits, strengths, and organizational performance: moving beyond strong culture . Academy of Management Review , 13 , 546 – 558 .
   Google Scholar
• Schein , E. ( 1985 ). Organizational culture and leadership . San Francisco , CA : Jossey-Bass .
   Google Scholar
• Schumacker , R. , & Lomax , R. ( 2004 ). A beginner's guide to structural equation modeling (2nd ed.) . Mahwah , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Schunn , C. F. , Paulus , P. B. , Cagan , J. , & Wood , K. ( 2006 ). Final report from the NSF innovation and discovery workshop: The scientific basis of individual and team innovation and discovery. Retrieved January 2014 from http://nsf.gov/pubs/2007/nsf0725/nsf0725.pdf, last accessed Jan 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Skinner , B. (1953). Science and human behavior . New York , NY : Appleton-Century-Crofts.
   Google Scholar
• Slade , L. , & Gordon , M. ( 1988 ). On the virtues of laboratory babies and student bath water: A reply to Dobbins, Lane, and Steiner . Journal of Organizational Behavior , 9 , 373 – 376 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soriano de Alencar , E. , & Bruno-Faria , M. ( 1997 ). Characteristics of an organizational environment which stimulate and inhibit creativity . Journal of Creative Behavior , 31 , 271 – 281 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taggar , S. ( 2002 ). Individual creativity and group ability to utilize individual creative resources: A multilevel model . Academy of Management Journal , 45 , 315 – 330 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tjosvold , D. ( 1995 ). Cooperation theory, constructive controversy, and effectiveness: Learning from crisis . In R. Guzzo & E. Salas (Eds.), Team effectiveness and decision making in organizations (pp. 79 – 112 ). San Francisco , CA : Jossey-Bass .
   Google Scholar
• Tjosvold , D. , Yu , Z. , & Hui , C. ( 2004 ). Team learning from mistakes: The contribution of cooperative goals and problem-solving . Journal of Management Studies , 41 , 1223 – 1245 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torrance , E. ( 1970 ). Encouraging creativity in the classroom . Dubuque , IA : Brown .
   Google Scholar
• Tuckman , B. ( 1965 ). Developmental sequences in small groups . Psychological Bulletin , 63 , 384 – 399 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson , W. , Kumar , K. , & Michaelsen , L. ( 1993 ). Cultural diversity's impact on interaction process and performance: Comparing homogeneous and diverse task groups . Academy of Management Journal , 36 , 590 – 602 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkins , A. , & Ouchi , W. ( 1983 ). Efficient cultures: Exploring the relationship between culture and organizational performance . Administrative Science Quarterly , 28 , 468 – 481 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams , W. M. , & Yang , L. T. ( 1999 ). Organizational creativity . In R. Sternberg (Ed.), Handbook of creativity (pp. 373 – 391 ). Cambridge , UK : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Winston , A. , & Baker , J. ( 1985 ). Behavior analytic studies of creativity: A critical review . Behavior Analyst , 8 , 191 – 205 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wonderlic , E. , & Associates ( 1992 ). Wonderlic personnel test and scholastic level exam . Libertyville , IL : Wonderlic Personnel Test .
   Google Scholar
• Wright , J. , & Mischel , W. ( 1987 ). “A conditional approach to dispositional constructs: The local predictability of social behavior . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 53 , 1159 – 1177 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Color versions of one or more of the figures in the article can be found online at www.tandfonline.com/hcrj.
   Google Scholar