The Development of an Indoor Mobility Course for the Evaluation of Electronic Mobility Aids for Persons Who Are Visually Impaired

REFERENCES

• Brambring, M. (2002). Fachgutachten zum Unterrichtsbedarf für eine Schulung in Orientierung und Mobilität mit dem Langstock für sehgeschädigte Personen. Universität Bielefeld, Oktober 2002 [Expert opinion on teaching needs orientation and mobility training using the long cane for persons who are visually impaired. Bielefeld University, October 2002]. http://www.bombs-online.de/download/13gutachten.pdf (http://www.bombs-online.de/download/13gutachten.pdf) (Accessed: 10 March 2008 ).
   Google Scholar
• Welsh , R. L. 1981 . Promoting adult independence through orientation and mobility . Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness , 75 ( 3 ) : 115 – 121 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geruschat , D. R. and De l'Aune , W. 1989 . Reliability and validity of orientation and mobility instructors . Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness , 83 ( 11 ) : 457 – 460 .
   Google Scholar
• Virgili , G. and Rubin , G. 2006 . Orientation and mobility training for adults with low vision . Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006 , doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003925.pub2
   Google Scholar
• Roentgen , U. R. , Gelderblom , G. J. , Soede , M. and de Witte , L. P. 2009 . The impact of electronic mobility devices for persons who are visually impaired: A systematic review of effects and effectiveness . Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness , 103 ( 11 ) : 743 – 753 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leonard , J. A. 1972 . Studies in blind mobility . Applied Ergonomics , 3 ( 1 ) : 37 – 46 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petrie , H. , Johnson , V. , Strothotte , T. , Raab , A. , Michel , R. , Reichert , L. and Schalt , A. 1997 . MoBIC: An aid to increase the independent mobility of blind travellers . The British Journal of Visual Impairment , 15 ( 2 ) : 63 – 66 .
   Google Scholar
• Shingledecker , C. A. and Foulke , E. 1978 . A human factors approach to the assessment of the mobility of blind pedestrians . Human Factors , 20 ( 3 ) : 273 – 286 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mickunas , J. and Sheridan , T. B. 1963 . Use of an obstacle course in evaluating mobility of the blind . American Foundation for the Blind Research Bulletin , 3 : 35 – 54 .
   Google Scholar
• Worchel , P. , Byrne , D. and Young , R. K. 1966 . Evaluation of an obstacle detector for the blind . Journal of Applied Psychology , 50 ( 3 ) : 225 – 228 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dodds , A. G. , Carter , D. D. C. and Howarth , C. I. 1983 . Improving objective measures of mobility . Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness , 77 ( 11 ) : 438 – 442 .
   Google Scholar
• Ralston , H. J. 1958 . Energy-speed relation and optimal speed during level walking . Internationale Zeitschrift für angewandte Physiologie einschließlich Arbeitsphysiologie , 17 : 277 – 283 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Clark-Carter , D. D. , Heyes , A. D. and Howarth , C. I. 1986b . The efficiency and walking speed of visually impaired people . Ergonomics , 29 ( 6 ) : 779 – 789 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Straw , L. B. and Harley , R. K. 1991 . Assessment and training in orientation and mobility for older persons: Program development and testing . Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness , 85 ( 9 ) : 291 – 296 .
   Google Scholar
• Turano , K. A. , Geruschat , D. R. , Stahl , J. W. and Massof , R. W. 1999 . Perceived visual ability for independent mobility in persons with retinitis pigmentosa . Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science , 40 ( 5 ) : 865 – 877 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuyk , T. , Elliott , J. L. , Wesley , J. , Scilley , K. , McIntosh , E. , Mitchell , S. and Owsley , C. 2004 . Mobility function in older veterans improves after blind rehabilitation . Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development , 41 ( 3a ) : 337 – 346 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown , B. and Brabyn , J. A. 1987 . Mobility and low vision: A review . Clinical and Experimental Optometry , 70 ( 3 ) : 96 – 101 .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , A. J. , De l'Aune , W. and Geruschat , D. R. 1992 . Low vision mobility problems: perceptions of Orientation and Mobility specialists and persons with low vision . Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness , 86 ( 1 ) : 58 – 62 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black , A. , Lovie-Kitchin , J. E. , Woods , R. L. , Arnold , N. , Byrnes , J. and Murrish , J. 1996 . Mobility performance with retinitis pigmentosa . Clinical and Experimental Optometry , 80 ( 1 ) : 1 – 12 .
   Google Scholar
• Hassan , S. E. , Lovie-Kitchin , J. E. , Woods , R. L. and Soong , G. P. Y. 1999 . Orientation and mobility in age-related macular degeneration . Visual Impairment Research , 1 ( 3 ) : 175 – 180 .
   Google Scholar
• Kuyk , T. , Elliott , J. L. , Biehl , J. and Fuhr , P. S. 1996 . Environmental variables and mobility performance in adults with low vision . Journal of the American Optometric Association , 67 ( 7 ) : 403 – 409 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kuyk , T. , Elliott , J. L. and Fuhr , P. S. 1998a . Visual correlates of mobility in real world settings in older adults with low vision . Optometry and Vision Science , 75 ( 7 ) : 538 – 547 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leat , S. J. and Lovie-Kitchin , J. E. 2006 . Measuring mobility performance: Experience gained in designing a mobility course . Clinical and Experimental Optometry , 89 ( 4 ) : 215 – 228 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farcy, R., Leroux, R., Jucha, A., Damaschini, R., Grégoire, C., & Zogaghi, A. (2006). Electronic Travel Aids and Electronic Orientation Aids for Blind People: Technical, Rehabilitation and Everyday Life Points of View. In M. A. Hersh (Ed.), Proceedings of the International Conference on Assistive Technologies for People with Vision & Hearing Impairments, Kufstein, Austria. http://www.lac.u-psud.fr/teletact/publications/farcy_cvhi2006.pdf (http://www.lac.u-psud.fr/teletact/publications/farcy_cvhi2006.pdf) (Accessed: 15 October 2007 ).
   Google Scholar
• Blasch , B. B. , LaGrow , S. and Penrod , W. 2008 . Environmental rating scale for orientation and mobility . International Journal of Orientation & Mobility , 1 ( 1 ) : 9 – 16 .
   Google Scholar
• Roentgen , U. R. , Gelderblom , G. J. and de Witte , L. P. 2012 . User evaluation of two electronic mobility aids for persons who are visually impaired: A quasi-experimental study using a standardized mobility course . Assistive Technology , 24 ( 2 ) : 110 – 120 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wessels , R. D. and de Witte , L. P. 2003 . Reliability and validity of the Dutch version of QUEST 2.0 with users of various types of assistive devices . Disability and Rehabilitation , 25 ( 6 ) : 267 – 272 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soong , G. P. , Lovie-Kitchin , J. E. and Brown , B. 2000 . Preferred walking speed for assessment of mobility performance: sighted guide versus non-sighted guide techniques . Clinical and Experimental Optometry , 83 ( 5 ) : 279 – 282 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Soong , G. P. , Lovie-Kitchin , J. E. and Brown , B. 2001 . Does mobility performance of visually impaired adults improve immediately after orientation and mobility training? . Optometry and Vision Science , 78 ( 9 ) : 657 – 666 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruin , K. J. , Groenewold , H. , Grotenhuis , T. , Ijsseldijk , M. , Kooijman , A. C. and Melis-Dankers , B. J. M. 2004 . Testbatterij ter bepaling van mobiliteitsvaardigheden bij slechtziende mensen , 2004 Huizen : Visio .
   Google Scholar
• La Grow , S. 1999 . The use of the Sonic Pathfinder as a secondary mobility aid for travel in business environments: a single-subject design . Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development , 36 ( 4 ) : 333 – 340 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dodds , A. and Davis , D. 1989 . Assessment and training of low vision clients for mobility . Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness , 83 ( 11 ) : 439 – 446 .
   Google Scholar
• Armstrong , J. D. 1975 . “ Evaluation of man-machine systems in the mobility of the visually handicapped ” . In Human factors in health care , Edited by: Rickett , R. M. and Triggs , T. J. 331 – 343 . Lexington , Massachusetts : Lexington Books .
   Google Scholar
• Clark-Carter , D. D. , Heyes , A. D. and Howarth , C. I. 1986a . The effect of non-visual preview upon the walking speed of visually impaired people . Ergonomics , 29 ( 12 ) : 1575 – 1581 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dodds , A. G. , Clark-Carter , D. D. and Howarth , C. I. 1984 . The Sonic Pathfinder: An Evaluation . Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness , 78 ( 5 ) : 203 – 206 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Easton , R. D. and Jackson , R. M. 1983 . Pilot test of the trisensor, a new generation sonar sensory aid . Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness , 77 ( 9 ) : 446 – 449 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geruschat , D. R. , Turano , K. A. and Stahl , J. W. 1998 . Traditional measures of mobility performance and retinitis pigmentosa . Optometry and Vision Science , 75 ( 7 ) : 525 – 537 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hassan , S. E. , Lovie-Kitchin , J. E. and Woods , R. L. 2002 . Vision and mobility performance of subjects with age-related macular degeneration . Optometry and Vision Science , 79 ( 11 ) : 697 – 707 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuyk , T. , Elliott , J. L. and Fuhr , P. S. 1998b . Visual correlates of obstacle avoidance in adults with low vision . Optometry and Vision Science , 75 ( 3 ) : 174 – 182 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKinley , J. , Goldfarb , E. and Goodrich , G. An Evaluation of the Sonic Pathfinder . Proceedings of the 7th International Mobility Conference, Melbourne . Melbourne . pp. 177 – 179 . RGDAA .
   Google Scholar
• Penrod , W. M. , Bauder , D. K. , Simmons , T. , Belcher , L. and Corley , J. W. 2007 . Efficacy of the UltraCane. A product evaluation and pilot study to determine the efficacy of the UltraCane in outdoor environments . Closing The Gap , 25 ( 5 ) : 19 – 21 .
   Google Scholar
• Strelow , E. R. 1983 . Use of the binaural sensory aid by young children . Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness , 77 ( 9 ) : 429 – 438 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Straw , L. B. , Harley , R. K. and Zimmerman , G. J. 1991 . A program in Orientation and Mobility for visually impaired persons over age 60 . Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness , 85 ( 3 ) : 108 – 113 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Penrod , W. M. and Simmons , T. J. 2005 . Evaluation and comparison of the Hand Guide and the Miniguide . Closing The Gap , 23 ( 6 ) : 22 – 24 .
   Google Scholar
• Uslan , M. M. , Smith , W.R. , Schreibmann , K. and Maure , D. 1983 . AFB's computerized travel aid: Two years of research and development . Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness , 77 ( 2 ) : 71 – 75 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heyes , A. D. , Durinck , M. and Beaton , T. 1988 . “ The Sonic Pathfinder: Developments and preliminary field trial results ” . In Orientation and mobility of the visually impaired: based on papers presented at the 4th International Mobility Conference Jerusalem , Edited by: Neustadt-Noy , N. , Merlin , S. and Schiff , Y. 197 – 203 . Jerusalem : Heiliger .
   Google Scholar
• Jacobson , W. 1979 . Complementary travel aids for blind persons: The Sonicguide used with a dog guide . Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness , 73 ( 1 ) : 10 – 12 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joffee , E. 1987 . Role of electronic travel aids: Field applications of the Russell Pathsounder . Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness , 81 ( 10 ) : 389 – 390 .
   Google Scholar
• Darling , N. C. , Goodrich , G. L. and Wiley , J. K. 1977 . A follow-up study of electronic travel aid users . Bulletin of Prosthetics Research , : 10 – 27 .
   Google Scholar
• Morrissette , D. L. , Goodrich , G. L. and Hennessey , J. J. 1981 . A follow-up study of the mowat sensor's applications, frequency of use, and maintenance reliability . Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness , 75 ( 6 ) : 244 – 247 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blasch , B. B. , Long , R. G. and Griffin-Shirley , N. 1989 . Results of a national survey of electronic travel aid use . Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness , 83 ( 9 ) : 449 – 453 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobson , W. H. and Smith , T. E. C. 1983 . Use of the Sonicguide™ and laser cane in obtaining and keeping employment . Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness , 77 ( 1 ) : 12 – 15 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simon , E. P. 1984 . A report on electronic travel aid users: Three to five years later . Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness , 78 ( 12 ) : 478 – 480 .
   Google Scholar
• Demers , L. , Weiss-Lambrou , R. and Ska , B. 2002 . The Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology (QUEST 2.0): An overview and recent progress . Technology and Disability , 14 ( 3 ) : 101 – 105 .
   Google Scholar
• Cory , D. 2002 . Test Vistac Laserstock [Test Vistac laser cane] , Unpublished paper. Vistac GmbH .
   Google Scholar
• Cory, D. (2006). Erfahrungsbericht Miniguide [Field report Miniguide] http://www.miniguide.de/bericht03.htm (http://www.miniguide.de/bericht03.htm) (Accessed: 13 March 2008 ).
   Google Scholar
• Rehdes , L. 2002 . Gutachten zum Laser-Langstock der Firma Vistac GmbH [Expert's report on Vistac's laser long cane] , Unpublished paper .
   Google Scholar
• Rehdes, L. (2005/2006). Erfahrungsbericht Miniguide [Field report Miniguide] http://www.miniguide.de/bericht01.htm/ (http://www.miniguide.de/bericht01.htm/) (Accessed: 13 March 2008 ).
   Google Scholar
• Van Grinsven , R. and Pierik , W. 2004 . Test Laserlangstock [Test laser long cane] , Unpublished paper, Vistac GmbH .
   Google Scholar
• Jones , T. and Troscianko , T. 2006 . Mobility performance of low-vision adults using an electronic mobility aid . Clinical and Experimental Optometry , 89 ( 1 ) : 10 – 17 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haymes , S. , Guest , D. , Heyes , A. and Johnston , A. 1994 . Comparison of functional mobility performance with clinical vision measures in simulated retinitis pigmentosa . Optometry and Vision Science , 71 ( 7 ) : 442 – 453 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumpf , M. 1987 . A new electronic mobility aid for the blind—A field evaluation . International Journal of Rehabilitation Research , 10 ( 4 Suppl. 5 ) : 298 – 301 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leonard , J. A. and Wycherley , R. J. Towards the Measurement of Performance of Travel Skill . Conference for Mobility Trainers and Technologists; Proceedings. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Faculty Club . December 14–15 . pp. 27 – 45 .
   Google Scholar
• Clark-Carter , D. D. and Heyes , A. D. The stress experienced by visually impaired pedestrians . Orientation and mobility of the visually impaired: Based on papers presented at the 4th International Mobility Conference Jerusalem . Jerusalem . Edited by: Neustadt-Noy , N. , Merlin , S. and Schiff , Y. pp. 59 – 64 . Heiliger .
   Google Scholar
• Beggs , W. D. A. 1990 . How mobility officers assess need for mobility training . International Journal of Rehabilitation Research , 13 : 281 – 290 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Haymes , S. , Guest , D. , Heyes , A. and Johnston , A. 1996 . Mobility of people with retinitis pigmentosa as a function of vision and psychological variables . Optometry and Vision Science , 73 ( 10 ) : 621 – 637 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar