Redesign of a spine board: Proof of concept evaluation

References

• Black, J. M., Edsberg, L. E., Baharestani, M. M., Langemo, D., Goldberg, M., McNichol, L., Cuddigan, J., & National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel. (2011). Pressure ulcers: Avoidable or unavoidable? Results of the national pressure ulcer advisory panel consensus conference. Ostomy/Wound Management, 57, 24–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan, D., Goldberg, R., Tascone, A., Harmon, S., & Chan, L. (1994). The effect of spinal immobilization on healthy volunteers. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 23, 48–51. doi:10.1016/S0196-0644(94)70007-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, D., Apple, D., Hudson, L., & Bode, R. (1999). Medical complications during acute rehabilitation following spinal cord injury-current experience of the model systems. Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 80, 1397–1401. doi:10.1016/S0003-9993(99)90250-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Consortium for Spinal Cord Medicine. (2008). Early acute management in adults with spinal cord injury: A clinical practice guideline for health-care professionals. Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 31, 408–479.
   Google Scholar
• Cordell, W. H., Ayers, J. A., Olinger, M. L., Nelson, D. R., Hollingsworth, J. C., & Barney, R. N. (1996). Duration of immobilization and pain experienced on rigid spine boards. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 27, 147–148. (abstract).
   Google Scholar
• Cordell, W. H., Hollingsworth, J. C., Olinger, M. L., Stroman, S. J., & Nelson, D. R. (1995). Pain and tissue-interface pressures during spineboard immobilization. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 26, 31–36. doi:10.1016/S0196-0644(95)70234-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crawford, S. A., Stinson, M. D., Walsh, D. M., & Porter-Armstrong, A. P. (2005). Impact of sitting time on seat-interface pressure and on pressure mapping with multiple sclerosis patients. Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 86, 1221–1225. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2004.08.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis, K., & Sprigle, S. (2008). The science of interface pressure mapping—updates for clinical application. Atlanta, GA: Center for Assistive Technology and Environmental Access, Georgia Institute of Technology. Retrieved from http://rearlab.gatech.edu/publications/ScienceInterfacePressure.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Engsberg, J. R., Standeven, J. W., Shurtleff, T. L., Eggars, J. L., Shafer, J. S., & Naunheim, R. S. (2013). Cervical spine motion during extrication. The Journal of Emergency Medicine, 44, 122–127. doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2012.02.082
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferguson-Pell, M., & Cardi, M. D. (1993). Prototype development and comparative evaluation of wheelchair pressure mapping system. Assistive Technology, 5, 78–91. doi:10.1080/10400435.1993.10132213
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Foam Factory (2010). Product general and technical information. Retrieved from http;//www.thefoamfactory.com/tech/RubberTech.html
   Google Scholar
• Foam ‘N More, Inc. (2010). Foam specs. Retrieved from http://www.fomforyou.com/Foam_Specs.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Hadley, M. N., Walters, B. C., Grabb, P. A., Oyesiku, N. M., Przybylski, G. J., Resnick, D. K., … Mielke, D. H. (2002). Guidelines for the management of acute cervical spine and spinal cord injuries. Clinical Neurosurgery, 49, 407–498.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hemmes, B., Poeze, M., & Brink, P. R. (2010). Reduced tissue-interface pressure and increased comfort on a newly developed soft-layered long spineboard. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care, 68, 593–598. doi:10.1097/TA.0b013e3181a5f304
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henschen, M., Koesters, A., Harvey, J., Nemunaitis, G., Pourazady, M., & Hefzy, M. S. (2009) Emergency medical services backboard with a pressure dispersion liner. Proceedings of the ASME Summer Bioengineering Conference, SBC, Marco Island, FL: The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY, June, 2009 (PART B), 887–888.
   Google Scholar
• Husain, T. (1953). An experimental study of some pressure effects on tissues, with reference to the bed-sore problem. The Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology, 66, 347–358. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1555-2039
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Keller, B. P., Lubbert, P. H., Keller, E., & Leenen, L. P. (2005). Tissue interface pressures on three different support-surfaces for trauma patients. Injury, 36, 946–948. doi:10.1016/j.injury.2004.09.017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kosiak, M. (1961). Etiology of decubitus ulcers. Archives of Physical Medicine &Rehabilitation, 39, 19–29.
   Google Scholar
• Lerner, E. B., & Moscati, R. (2000). Duration of patient immobilization in the ED. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 18, 28–30. doi:10.1016/S0735-6757(00)90043-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linares, H. A., Mawson, A. R., Suarez, E., & Biundo, J. J. (1987). Association between pressure sores and immobilization in the immediate post-injury period. Orthopedics, 10, 571–573.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lovell, M. E., & Evans, J. H. (1994). A comparison of the spinal board and the vacuum stretcher, spinal stability and interface pressure. Injury, 25, 179–180. doi:10.1016/0020-1383(94)90158-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mawson, A. R., Biundo, J. J.Jr.,, Neville, P., Linares, H. A., Winchester, Y., & Lopez, A. (1988). Risk factors for early occurring pressure ulcers following spinal cord injury. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 67, 123–127. doi:10.1097/00002060-198806000-00007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Association of EMS Physicians, & American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma. (2013). EMS spinal precautions and the use of the long backboard. Prehospital Emergency Care, 17, 392–393. doi:10.3109/10903127.2013.773115
   Google Scholar
• National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center (NSCISC). (2006). Annual statistical report: 2006. Birmingham, AL: University of Alabama at Birmingham.
   Google Scholar
• Nemunaitis, G. A., Roach, M. J., Boulet, M., Nagy, J. A., Kaufman, B., Mejia, M. S., & Hefzy, M. S. (2015). The effect of a liner on the dispersion of sacral interface pressures during spinal immobilization. Assistive Technology: The Official Journal of RESNA, 27, 9–17. doi:10.1080/10400435.2014.940473
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicholson, G., Ferguson-Pell, M., Lennon, P., & Bain, D. (2001). Comparative evaluation of pressure mapping systems: Bench testing results. Proceedings of Rehabilitation Engineering & Assistive Technology Society of North America, Reno, NV, June, 286–288.
   Google Scholar
• Sprigle, S., Dunlop, W., & Press, L. (2003). Reliability of bench tests of interface pressure. Assistive Technology, 15, 49–57. doi:10.1080/10400435.2003.10131889
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stinson, M., Porter, A., & Eakin, P. (2002). Measuring interface pressure: A laboratory-based investigation into the effects of repositioning and sitting. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 56, 185–190. doi:10.5014/ajot.56.2.185
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swaine, J., & Stacey, M. (2006). Development of the calgary interface pressure mapping protocol for sitting. Proceedings of the 22nd International Seating Symposium. Vancouver, BC, March, 59–62.
   Google Scholar
• Theodore, N., Hadley, M. N., Aarabi, B., Dhall, S. S., Gelb, D. E., Hurlbert, R. J., … Walters, B. C. (2013). Prehospital cervical spinal immobilization after trauma. Neurosurgery, 72(Suppl 2), 22–34. doi:10.1227/NEU.0b013e318276edb1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White, C. C., 4th, Domeier, R. M., Millin, M. G., Standards and Clinical Practice Committee, & National Association of EMS Physicians. (2014). EMS spinal precautions and the use of the long backboard—resource document to the position statement of the national association of EMS physicians and the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma. Prehospital Emergency Care, 18, 306–314. doi:10.3109/10903127.2014.884197
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White, D. (2010). How innovations in technology have shaped an essential EMS tool. Retrieved from http://www.ems1.com/ems-products/medical-equipment/articles/822928-Evolution-of-the-spineboard/
   Google Scholar
• Yeung, J. H., Cheung, N. K., Graham, C. A., & Rainer, T. H. (2006). Reduced time on the spinal board-effects of guidelines and education for emergency department staff. Injury, 37, 53–56. doi:10.1016/j.injury.2005.05.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaratkiewicz, S., Whitney, J. D., Lowe, J. R., Taylor, S., O’Donnell, F., & Minton-Foltz, P. (2010). Development and implementation of a hospital-acquired pressure ulcer incidence tracking system and algorithm. Journal for Health Care Quality, 32, 44–51. doi:10.1111/j.1945-1474.2010.00076.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar