Professional Boundaries: The Perspective of the Third Year Medical Student in Negotiating Three Boundary Challenges

REFERENCES

• Gaufberg , E H . 2006 . Alarm and altruism: Professional boundaries and the medical student . The Clinical Teacher , 3,4 : 206 – 9 .
   Google Scholar
• Martinez , R . 2000 . “ Professional role in health care institutions: Toward an ethics of authenticity ” . In Education for professionalism: Creating a culture of humanism in medical education , Edited by: Wear and Bickel . 40 – 3 . Ames : University of Iowa Press .
   Google Scholar
• Inui , T S . 2003 . A flag in the wind: Educating for professionalism in medicine , Washington, DC : Association of American Medical Colleges .
   Google Scholar
• Anderson , M B , Cohen , J J , Hallock , J E and Kassebaum , D G . 1999 . Learning objectives for medical student education: Guidelines for medical schools. Report I of the Medical School Objectives Project . Academic Medicine , 74 : 13 – 8 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ACGME Outcomes Project . Information on professionalism and communications skills competencies http://www.acgme.org/outcome
   Google Scholar
• Gabbard , G O and Nadelson , C . 1995 . Professional boundaries in the physician-patient relationship . JAMA , 273 ( 18 ) May 10 : 1445 – 9 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farber , N J , Novack , D H and O'Brien , M K . 1997 . Love, boundaries, and the patient-physician relationship . Archives of Internal Medicine , 157 : 2291 – 4 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• White , G E . 2004 . Setting and maintaining professional role boundaries: An educational strategy . Medical Education , 38 : 903 – 10 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christakis , D A and Feudtner , C . 1993 . Ethics in a short white coat: the ethical dilemmas that medical students confront . Academic Medicine , 68 : 249 – 54 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White , G E . 2003 . Medical students' learning needs about setting and maintaining social and sexual boundaries: A report . Medical Education , 37 : 1017 – 9 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lingard , L , Garwood , K , Szauter , K and Stern , D . 2001 . The rhetoric of rationalization: How students grapple with professional dilemmas . Academic Medicine , 76 ( 10 Suppl ) : S45 – 7 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ginsburg , S , Regehr , G , Stern , D and Lingard , L . 2002 . The anatomy of the professional lapse: Bridging the gap between traditional frameworks and students' perceptions . Academic Medicine , 77 : 516 – 22 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bissonette , R , O'Shea , R M , Horwitz , M and Route , C F . 1995 . A data-generated basis for medical ethics education: categorizing issues experienced by students during clinical training . Academic Medicine , 70 : 1035 – 7 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baldwin , D and Self , D . 2006 . “ The assessment of moral reasoning and professionalism in medical education ” . In Measuring medical professionalism , Edited by: Stern , D T . 76 – 7 . New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• American College of Physicians . 2005 . Ethics manual, fifth edition . Annals of Internal Medicine , 142 : 560 – 82 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Spence , S A . 2005 . Patients bearing gifts: Are there strings attached? . British Medical Journal , 331 ( 7531 ) : 1527 – 9 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nisselle , P . 2004 . Is self-disclosure a boundary violation? . Journal of General Internal Medicine , 19 ( 9 ) : 984
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Frank , E , Breyan , J and Elon , L . 2000 . Physician disclosure of healthy personal behaviors improves credibility and ability to motivate . Archives of Family Medicine , 9 ( 3 ) : 287 – 90 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Beach , M C , Roter , D , Larson , S , Levinson , W , Ford , D E and Frankel , R . 2004 . What do physicians tell patients about themselves? A qualitative analysis of physician self-disclosure . Journal of General Internal Medicine , 19 ( 9 ) : 911 – 6 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beach , MC . 2005 . Physician self-disclosure and lower satisfaction amont primry care patients: What should we do now? . Medical Encounter , 19 ( 2 ) : 30 – 5 .
   Google Scholar
• Ginsburg , S , Regehr , G and Lingard , L . 2003 . The disavowed curriculum: Understanding students' reasoning in professionally challenging situations . Journal of General Internal Medicine , 18 ( 12 ) : 1015 – 22 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lubitz , R M and Nguyen , D D . 1996 . Medical student abuse during third-year clerkships . Journal of the American Medical Association , 275 ( 5 ) : 414 – 6 .
   Google Scholar
• Maida , A M , Vasquez , A Herskovic , V . 2003 . A report on student abuse during medical training . Medical Teacher , 25 : 497 – 501 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Recupero , P R , Cooney , M C , Rayner , C , Heru , A M and Price , M . 2005 . Supervisor–trainee relationship boundaries in medical education . Medical Teacher , 27 : 484 – 8 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• 2000 . “ Appropriate Treatment in Medicine Initiative ” . In A compendium on medical student mistreatment 7 (A project of the AAMC Group on Student Affairs). Spring
   Google Scholar
• Satterwhite , R C , Satterwhite , W M III and Enarson , C . 2000 . An ethical paradox: The effect of unethical conduct on medical students' values . Journal of Medical Ethics , 26 : 462 – 5 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skiles , J . 2005 . Teaching professionalism: A medical student's opinion . Clinical Teacher , 2 ( 2 ) : 66 – 9 .
   Google Scholar
• Hundert , E M , Douglas-Steele , D and Bickel , J . 1996 . Context in medical education: The informal ethics curriculum . Medical Education , 30 : 353 – 64 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hafferty , F W . 1998 . Beyond curriculum reform: Confronting medicine's hidden curriculum . Academic Medicine , 73 ( 4 ) : 403 – 7 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kassebaum , D G and Cutler , E R . 1998 . On the culture of student abuse in medical school . Academic Medicine , 73 ( 11 ) : 1149 – 58 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slotnick , H B . 2001 . How doctors learn: Education and learning across the medical-school-to-practice trajectory . Academic Medicine , 76 ( 10 ) : 1013 – 26 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hilton , S R and Slotnick , H B . 2005 . Proto-professionalism: How professionalisation occurs across the continuum of medical education . Medical Education , 39 : 58 – 65 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar