Barriers and Strategies to Engaging Our Community-Based Preceptors

References

• Functions and Structure of a Medical School 2016–17. http://lcme.org/publications/. Accessed September 16, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Nutter D, Whitcomb M. The AAMC project on clinical education of medical students. https://www.aamc.org/download/68522/data/clinicalskillsnutter.pdf. Accessed September 16, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Aguwa, M, Monson C, Liechty D, Fowler L, Kost M. Supporting and promoting osteopathic medicine through community-based family practice preceptorships: a survey-based study. Med Educ. 2008;108(10):606–614.
   Google Scholar
• Baldor RA, Brooks WB, Warfield ME, O'Shea K. A survey of primary care physicians' perceptions and needs regarding the precepting of medical students in their offices. Med Educ. 2001;35(8):789–795. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2001.00980.x. PMID:11489108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kollisch DO, Frasier PY, Slatt L, Storaasli M. Community preceptors' views of a required third-year family medicine clerkship. Arch Fam Med. 1997;6(1):25–28. doi:10.1001/archfami.6.1.25. PMID:9003166
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Peyser B, Daily KA, Hudak NM, Railey K, Bosworth HB. Enlisting new teachers in clinical environments (ENTICE); novel ways to engage clinicians. Adv Med Educ Pract. 2014;5:359–367. doi:10.2147/AMEP.S69063. PMID:25337001
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Scott I, Sazegar P. Why community physician teach students (or not): Barriers and opportunities for preceptor recruitment. Med Teach. 2006;28(6):563–565. doi:10.1080/01421590600627375. PMID:17074707
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erikson C, Hamann R, Levitan T, et al. Recruiting and Maintaining U.S. Clinical Training Sites: Joint Report of the 2013 Multi-Discipline Clerkship/Clinical Training Site Survey. https://members.aamc.org/eweb/upload/13-225%20WC%20Report%202%20update.pdf. Accessed November 30, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Vinson DC, Paden C. The effect of teaching medical students on private practitioners' workloads. Acad Med. 1994;69(3):237–238. doi:10.1097/00001888-199403000-00020. PMID:8135982
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirz HL, Larsen C. Costs and benefits of medical student training to a health maintenance organization. J Am Med Assoc. 1986;256(6):734–739. doi:10.1001/jama.1986.03380060060026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grayson MS, Klein M, Lugo J, Visiner P. Benefits and costs to community-based physicians teaching primary care to medical students. J Gen Intern Med. 1998;13:485–488. doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.1998.00139.x. PMID:9686716
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garg ML, Boero JF, Christiansen RG, Booher G. Primary care teaching physicians' losses of productivity and revenue at three ambulatory-care centers. Acad Med. 1991;66(6):348–353. doi:10.1097/00001888-199106000-00009. PMID:1906277
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck Dallaghan G, Alerte A, Ryan M, et al. Recruiting and retaining community-based preceptors: a multicenter qualitative action study of pediatric preceptors. Acad Med. 2017;92(8):1168–1174. doi:10.1097/ACM.0000000000001667. PMID:28353497
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levy BT, Gjerde CL, Albrecht LA. The effects of precepting on and the support desired by community-based preceptors in Iowa. Acad Med. 1997;72(5):382–384. doi:10.1097/00001888-199705000-00018. PMID:9159585
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denton GD, Durning SJ, Hemmer PA, Pangaro LN. A time and motion study of the effect of ambulatory medical students on the duration of general internal medicine clinics. Teach Learn Med. 2005;17(3):285–289. doi:10.1207/s15328015tlm1703_15. PMID:16052732
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welcher C, Hersh W, Takesue B, Stagg Elliott V, Hawkins R. Barriers to medical students' electronic health record access can impede their preparedness for practice. Acad Med. 2018;93(1):48–53. doi:10.1097/ACM.0000000000001829. PMID:28746069
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mintz M, Narvarte H, O'Brien K, et al. Use of electronic medical records by physicians and students in academic internal medicine settings. Acad Med. 2009;84(12):1698–1704. doi:10.1097/ACM.0b013e3181bf9d45. PMID:19940575
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hammoud M, Margo K, Christner J, et al. Opportunities and challenges in integrating electronic health records into undergraduate medical education: a national survey of clerkship directors. Teach Learn Med. 2012;24(3):219–224. doi:10.1080/10401334.2012.692267. PMID:22775785
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartz MB, Beal JR. Patients' attitudes and comfort levels regarding medical students' involvement in obstetrics-gynecology outpatient clinics. Acad Med. 2000;75(10):1010–1014. doi:10.1097/00001888-200010000-00018. PMID:11031149
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grasby D, Quinlivan JA. Attitudes of patients towards the involvement of medical students in their intrapartum obstetric care. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2001;41(1):91–96. doi:10.1111/j.1479-828X.2001.tb01302.x. PMID:11284656
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coppola LM, Reed KL, Herbert WN. Comparison of patient attitudes and provider perceptions regarding medical student involvement in obstetric/gynecologic care. Teach Learn Med. 2014;26(3):239–243. doi:10.1080/10401334.2014.910125. PMID:25010234
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mavis B, Vasilenko P, Schnuth R, Marshall J, Jeffs MC. Medical students' involvement in outpatient clinical encounters: a survey of patients and their obstetricians-gynecologists. Acad Med. 2006;81(3):290–296. doi:10.1097/00001888-200603000-00023. PMID:16501279
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schnuth RL, Vasilenko P, Mavis B, Marshall J. What influences medical students to pursue careers in obstetrics and gynecology? Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003;189(3):639–643. doi:10.1067/S0002-9378(03)00886-X. PMID:14526282
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ullian JA, Shore WB, First LR. What did we learn about the impact on community-based faculty? Recommendations for recruitment, retention, and rewards. Acad Med. 2001;76(4 Suppl):S78–85. doi:10.1097/00001888-200104001-00015. PMID:11299175
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar A, Kallen DJ, Mathew T. Volunteer faculty: what rewards or incentives do they prefer? Teach Learn Med. 2002;14(2):119–123. doi:10.1207/S15328015TLM1402_09. PMID:12058547
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Single PB, Jaffe A, Schwartz R. Evaluating programs for recruiting and retaining community faculty. Fam Med. 1999;31(2):114–121. PMID:9990501
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Latessa R, Colvin G, Beaty N, Steiner B, Pathman D. Satisfaction, motivation, and future of community preceptors: What are the current trends? Acad Med. 2013;88:1164–1170. doi:10.1097/ACM.0b013e31829a3689. PMID:23807105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anthony D, Jerpbak C, Margo K, et al. Do we pay our community preceptors? results from a CERA clerkship directors' survey. Fam Med. 2014;46(3):167–173. PMID:24652633
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denton GD, Griffin R, Cazabon P, Monks SR, Deichmann R. Recruiting primary care physicians to teach medical students in the ambulatory setting: a model of protected time, allocated money, and faculty development. Acad Med. 2015;90(11):1532–1535. doi:10.1097/ACM.0000000000000778. PMID:26061860
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nutter DO, Bond JS, Coller BS et al. Measuring faculty effort and contributions in medical education. Acad Med. 2000;75(2):199–207. doi:10.1097/00001888-200002000-00025. PMID:10693859
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sainte M, Kanter SL, Muller D. Mission-based budgeting for education: ready for prime time? Mt Sinai J Med. 2009;76(4):381–386. doi:10.1002/msj.20122. PMID:19642152
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Richardson PH, Curzen P, Fonagy P. Patients' attitudes to student doctors. Med Educ. 1986;20(4):314–317. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1986.tb01371.x. PMID:3747877
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• York NL, DaRosa DA, Markwell SJ, Niehaus AH, Folse R. Patients' attitudes toward the involvement of medical students in their care. Amer J Surg. 1995;169(4):421–423. doi:10.1016/S0002-9610(99)80189-5. PMID:7694982
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magrane D. Obstetric patients' assessment of medical students' role in their care. J Med Educ. 1988;63(9):713–719. PMID:3418675
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ferenchick G, Simpson D, Blackman J, DaRosa D, Dunnington G. Strategies for efficient and effective teaching in the ambulatory care setting. Acad Med. 1997;72(4):277–280. doi:10.1097/00001888-199704000-00011. PMID:9125942
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walters L, Worley P, Prideaux D, Lange K. Do consultations in rural general practice take more time when practitioners are precepting medical students? Med Educ. 2008;42(1):69–73. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2007.02949.x. PMID:18181846
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Worley PS, Kitto P. Hypothetical model of the financial impact of student attachments on rural general practices. Rural Remote Health. 2001;1(1):83. PMID:15869365
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Usatine RP, Tremoulet PT, Irby D. Time-efficient preceptors in ambulatory care settings. Acad Med. 2000;75(6):639–642. doi:10.1097/00001888-200006000-00016. PMID:10875509
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neher JO, Gordon KC, Meyer B, Stevens N. A five-step “microskills” model of clinical teaching. J Am Board Fam Pract. 1992;5:419–424. PMID:1496899
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bienstock J, Katz N, Cox S, et al. To the point: medical education reviews – providing feedback. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007;196(6):508–513. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2006.08.021. PMID:17547874
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Effective Preceptor Series and Medical Student Educational Objectives. https://www.apgo.org/clerkship-resources/directors. Accessed July 20, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Teherani A, O'Brien BC, Masters DE, et al. Burden, responsibility, and reward: preceptor experiences with the continuity of teaching in a longitudinal integrated clerkship. Acad Med. 2009;84(10 Suppl):S50–53. doi:10.1097/ACM.0b013e3181b38b01. PMID:19907386
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chipp E, Stoneley S, Cooper K. Clinical placements for medical students: factors affecting patients' involvement in medical education. Med Teach. 2004;26(2):114–119. doi:10.1080/01421590410001665636. PMID:15203518
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christner J, Beck Dallaghan G, Briscoe G, et al. The community preceptor crisis: Recruiting and retaining community-based faculty to teach medical students—A shared perspective from the alliance for clinical education. Teach Learn Med. 2016;28(3):329–336. doi:10.1080/10401334.2016.1152899. PMID:27092852
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devera-Sales A, Paden C, Vinson DC. What do family medicine patients think about medical students' participation in their health care? Acad Med. 1999;74(5):550–552. doi:10.1097/00001888-199905000-00024. PMID:10353290
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalo J, Dekhtyar M, Hawkins R, Wolpaw D. How can medical students add value? identifying roles, barriers, and strategies to advance the value of undergraduate medical education to patient care and the health system. Acad Med. 2017;92:1294–1301. doi:10.1097/ACM.0000000000001662. PMID:28353500
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strategies to Ensure that Students Add Value in Outpatient Offices. http://www.stfm.org/Portals/49/Students%20as%20Added%20Value.pdf. Accessed September 16, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Guidelines for Teaching Physicians, Interns and Residents. https://www.cms.gov/Outreach-and-Education/Medicare-Learning-Network-MLN/MLNProducts/Downloads/Teaching-Physicians-Fact-Sheet-ICN006437.pdf. Accessed January 25, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Hauer K, O'Brien B, Hansen L, et al. More is better: students describe successful and unsuccessful experiences with teachers differently in brief and longitudinal relationships. Acad Med. 2012;87:1389–1396. doi:10.1097/ACM.0b013e31826743c3. PMID:22914512
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milano C, Hardman J, Rdesinski R, Biagioli F. Simulated electronic health record (sim-her) curriculum: teaching her skills and use of the her for disease management and prevention. Acad Med. 2014;89:399–403. doi:10.1097/ACM.0000000000000149. PMID:24448035
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hammoud M, Dalrymple J, Christner J, et al. Medical student documentation in electronic health records: a collaborative statement from the alliance for clinical education. Teach Learn Med. 2012;24(3):257–266. doi:10.1080/10401334.2012.692284. PMID:22775791
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mavis B, Vasilenko P, Schnuth R, Marshall J, Jeffs MC. Female patients' preferences related to interpersonal communications, clinical competence, and gender when selecting a physician. Acad Med. 2005;80(12):1159–1165. doi:10.1097/00001888-200512000-00022. PMID:16306294
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar