Describing Overarching Curricular Goals for Individualized Education

References

• Frank JR, Mungroo R, Ahmad Y, Wang M, De Rossi S, Horsley T. Toward a definition of competency-based education in medicine: a systematic review of published definitions. Med Teach. 2010;32(8):631–637. doi:10.3109/0142159X.2010.500898.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carraccio CL, Englander R. From flexner to competencies: reflections on a decade and the journey ahead. Acad Med. 2013;88(8):1067–1073. doi:10.1097/ACM.0b013e318299396f.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irby DM, Cooke M, O'Brien BC. Calls for reform of medical education by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching: 1910 and 2010. Acad Med. 2010;85(2):220–227. doi:10.1097/ACM.0b013e3181c88449.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frenk J, Chen L, Bhutta ZA, et al. Health professionals for a new century: transforming education to strengthen health systems in an interdependent world. Lancet. 2010;376(9756):1923–1958. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61854-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nousiainen MT, Mironova P, Hynes M, et al. Eight-year outcomes of a competency-based residency training program in orthopedic surgery. Med Teach. 2018;40(10):1042–1054. doi:10.1080/0142159X.2017.1421751.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Custers EJFM, Cate OT. The history of medical education in Europe and the United States, with respect to time and proficiency. Acad Med. 2018;93(3S):S49–S54. doi:10.1097/ACM.0000000000002079.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shearer C, Bosma M, Bergin F, Sargeant J, Warren A. Remediation in Canadian medical residency programs: established and emerging best practices. Med Teach. 2019;41(1):28–35. doi:10.1080/0142159X.2018.1436164.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank JR, Snell LS, Cate OT, et al. Competency-based medical education: theory to practice. Med Teach. 2010;32(8):638–645. doi:10.3109/0142159X.2010.501190.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carraccio C, Englander R, Van Melle E, et al . Advancing competency-based medical education: a charter for clinician-educators. Acad Med. 2016;91(5):645–649. doi:10.1097/ACM.0000000000001048.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoff RG, Frenkel J, Imhof SM, Ten Cate O. Flexibility in postgraduate medical training in the Netherlands. Acad Med. 2018;93(3S):S32–S36. doi:10.1097/ACM.0000000000002078.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blackmore C, Austin J, Lopushinsky SR, Donnon T. Effects of postgraduate medical education “boot camps” on clinical skills, knowledge, and confidence: a meta-analysis. J Grad Med Educ. 2014;6(4):643–652. doi:10.4300/JGME-D-13-00373.1.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Song C, Davis BJ, Lambert DR . The medical education pathway: description and early outcomes of a student-as-teacher program. Acad Med. 2015;90(4):458–461. doi:10.1097/ACM.0000000000000548.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meurer LN, Young SA, Meurer JR, Johnson SL, Gilbert IA, Diehr S. The urban and community health pathway: preparing socially responsive physicians through community-engaged learning. Am J Prev Med. 2011;41(4):S228–S236. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2011.06.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones MD, McGuinness GA, The future of pediatric residency education: prescription for more flexibility. J Pediatr. 2009;154(2):157–158. doi:10.1016/J.JPEDS.2008.10.040.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones MD, McGuinness GA, Carraccio CL. The residency review and redesign in pediatrics (R3P) project: roots and branches. Pediatrics. 2009;123(Suppl 1):S8–S11. doi:10.1542/peds.2008-1578D.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ACGME Program Requirements for Graduate Medical Education in Pediatrics. ACGME program requirements for graduate medical education in pediatrics common program requirements are in BOLD. https://www.acgme.org/Portals/0/PFAssets/ProgramRequirements/320_pediatrics_2017-07-01.pdf?ver=2017-06-30-083432-507. Accessed October 24, 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Paradise Black N, Fromme HB, Black E, et al. Six months of individualization. Acad Med. 2016;91:S13–S14. doi:10.1097/ACM.0000000000001375.
   Google Scholar
• Schumacher DJ, Mary M, Frintner P, Cull W. Resident experiences with the individualized curriculum: current state and future opportunities (platform presentation). Acad Pediatr. 2017;17(5):e8.
   Google Scholar
• Hsieh H-F, Shannon SE. Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qual Health Res. 2005;15(9):1277–1288. doi:10.1177/1049732305276687.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan RM, Deci EL. Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being self-determination theory. Am Psychologist. 2000;55(1):68. https://selfdeterminationtheory.org/SDT/documents/2000_RyanDeci_SDT.pdf. Accessed August 13, 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Hanson JL, Balmer DF, Giardino AP. Qualitative research methods for medical educators. Acad Pediatr. 2011;11(5):375–386. doi:10.1016/J.ACAP.2011.05.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ten Cate TJ, Kusurkar RA, Williams GC. How self-determination theory can assist our understanding of the teaching and learning processes in medical education. AMEE Guide No. 59. Med Teach. 2011;33(12):961–973. doi:10.3109/0142159X.2011.595435.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kusurkar RA, Ten Cate TJ, Vos CMP, Westers P, Croiset G. How motivation affects academic performance: a structural equation modelling analysis. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract. 2013;18(1):57–69. doi:10.1007/s10459-012-9354-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ten Cate O. Entrustability of professional activities and competency-based training. Med Educ. 2005;39(12):1176–1177. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2929.2005.02341.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lockspeiser TM, Kaul P. Using individualized learning plans to facilitate learner-centered teaching. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2016;29(3):214–217. doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2015.10.020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li S-TT, Burke AE. Individualized learning plans: basics and beyond. Acad Pediatr. 2010;10(5):289–292. doi:10.1016/j.acap.2010.08.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKenna AM, Straus SE. Charting a professional course: a review of mentorship in medicine. J Am Coll Radiol. 2011;8(2):109–112. doi:10.1016/J.JACR.2010.07.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sambunjak D, Straus SE, Marusic A. A systematic review of qualitative research on the meaning and characteristics of mentoring in academic medicine. J Gen Internal Med. 2009;25(1):72–78. doi:10.1007/s11606-009-1165-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirsh DA, Ogur B, Thibault GE, Cox M. “Continuity” as an organizing principle for clinical education reform. N Engl J Med. 2007;356(8):858–866. doi:10.1056/NEJMsb061660.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirsh D, Gaufberg E, Ogur B, et al. Educational outcomes of the Harvard Medical School-Cambridge integrated clerkship: a way forward for medical education. Acad Med. 2012;87(5):643–650. doi:10.1097/ACM.0b013e31824d9821.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Challis M. AMEE medical education guide no. 19: personal learning plans. Med Teach. 2000;22(3):225–236. http://ccnmtl.columbia.edu/projects/pl3p/PersonallearningplansinMedicalEducation.pdf. Accessed August 13, 2018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carraccio C, Sectish TC. Report of colloquium II: the theory and practice of graduate medical education—how do we know when we have made a “good doctor”? Pediatrics. 2009;123(Supplement 1):S17–S21. doi:10.1542/peds.2008-1578F.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Balmer DF, Quiah S, DiPace J, Paik S, Ward MA, Richards BF . Learning across the explicit, implicit, and extra-curricula: an exploratory study of the relative proportions of residents' perceived learning in clinical areas at three pediatric residency programs. Acad Med. 2015;90(11):1547–1552. doi:10.1097/acm.0000000000000755.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balmer DF, Hall E, Fink M, Richards BF. How do medical students navigate the interplay of explicit curricula, implicit curricula, and extracurricula to learn curricular objectives. Acad Med. 2013;88(8):1135–1141. doi:10.1097/ACM.0b013e31829a6c39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar