Embedding Identity and How Clinical Teachers Reconcile Their Multiple Professional Identities to Meet Overlapping Demands at Work

References

• Stryker S, Burke PJ. The past, present, and future of an identity theory. Soc Psychol Q. 2000;63(4):284–297. doi:10.2307/2695840.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monrouxe L, Poole G. An onion? Conceptualising and researching identity. Med Educ. 2013;47(4):425–429. doi:10.1111/medu.12123.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lingard L, Garwood K, Schryer CF, Spafford MM. A certain art of uncertainty: case presentation and the development of professional identity. Soc Sci Med. 2003;56(3):603–616. doi:10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00057-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pratt MG, Rockmann KW, Kaufmann JB. Constructing professional identity: the role of work and identity learning cycles in the customization of identity among medical residents. AMJ. 2006;49(2):235–262. doi:10.5465/amj.2006.20786060.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monrouxe L. Negotiating professional identities: dominant and contesting narratives in medical students’ longitudinal audio diaries. Curr Narratives. 2009;1:41–59.
   Google Scholar
• Goldie J. The formation of professional identity in medical students: considerations for educators. Med Teach. 2012;34(9):e641–e648. doi:10.3109/0142159X.2012.687476.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cruess RL, Cruess SR, Boudreau JD, Snell L, Steinert Y. A schematic representation of the professional identity formation and socialization of medical students and residents: a guide for medical educators. Acad Med. 2015;90(6):718–725. doi:10.1097/ACM.0000000000000700.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cruess SR, Cruess RL, Steinert Y. Supporting the development of a professional identity: general principles. Med Teach. 2019;1–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cruess RL, Cruess SR, Johnston SE. Professionalism: an ideal to be sustained. Lancet (Lond. Engl.). 2000;356(9224):156–159. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02458-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cruess SR, Cruess RL. Professionalism must be taught. BMJ. 1997;315(7123):1674–1677. doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7123.1674.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merton R. Some preliminaries to a sociology of medical education. In: Merton R, Reader G, Kendall P, eds. The Student Physician: Introductory Studies in the Sociology of Medical Education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 1957: 5.
   Google Scholar
• Working Party of the Royal College of Physicians. Doctors in society. Medical professionalism in a changing world. Clin Med (Lond). 2005;5(6):S5–S40.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jarvis-Selinger S, Pratt DD, Regehr G. Competency is not enough: integrating identity formation into the medical education discourse. Acad Med. 2012;87(9):1185–1190. doi:10.1097/ACM.0b013e3182604968.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cruess RL, Cruess SR, Boudreau JD, Snell L, Steinert Y. Reframing medical education to support professional identity formation. Acad Med. 2014;89(11):1446–1451.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alvesson M, Lee Ashcraft K, Thomas R. Identity matters: reflections on the construction of identity scholarship in organization studies. Organization. 2008;15(1):5–28. doi:10.1177/1350508407084426.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monrouxe L. Identity, identification and medical education: why should we care?Med Educ. 2010;44(1):40–49. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03440.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sundberg K, Josephson A, Reeves S, Nordquist J. May I see your ID, please? An explorative study of the professional identity of undergraduate medical education leaders. BMC Med Educ. 2017;17(1):1–8. doi:10.1186/s12909-017-0860-0.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Van Lankveld T, Schoonenboom J, Kusurkar R, Volman M, Beishuizen J, Croiset G. Integrating the teaching role into one’s identity: a qualitative study of beginning undergraduate medical teachers. Adv Health Sci Educ. 2017;22(3):601–622. doi:10.1007/s10459-016-9694-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cantillon P, Dornan T, De Grave W. Becoming a clinical teacher: identity formation in context. Acad Med. 2019;94(10):1610–1618. doi:10.1097/ACM.0000000000002403.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinert Y, Macdonald ME. Why physicians teach: giving back by paying it forward. Med Educ. 2015;49(8):773–782. doi:10.1111/medu.12782.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snell L. Work-work balance: finding time and equilibrium in a career as a clinician educator. In: Ankel F, Frank JR, Nishigori H, Sherbino J, Snell L, eds. International Clinician Educators Network Newsletter. 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Maniate J, Dath D, Cooke L, Leslie K, Snell L, Busari J. Supporting clinician educators to achieve work-work balance. Can Med Ed J. 2016;7(2):e114–e120. doi:10.36834/cmej.36677.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sethi A, Ajjawi R, McAleer S, Schofield S. Exploring the tensions of being and becoming a medical educator. BMC Med Educ. 2017;17(1):62. doi:10.1186/s12909-017-0894-3.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Browne J, Webb K, Bullock A. Making the leap to medical education: a qualitative study of medical educators’ experiences. Med Educ. 2018;52(2):216–226. doi:10.1111/medu.13470.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sabel E, Archer J. Medical education is the ugly duckling of the medical world and other challenges to medical educators’ identity construction: a qualitative study. Acad Med. 2014;89(11):1474–1480. doi:10.1097/ACM.0000000000000420.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bleakley A, Bligh J, Browne J. Medical Education for the Future: identity, Power and Location. Vol 1. Dordrecht: Springer Science & Business Media; 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Stenfors-Hayes T, Hult H, Dahlgren LO. Three ways of understanding development as a teacher. Eur J Dent Educ. 2012;16(1):e151–e157. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0579.2011.00690.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Starr S, Ferguson WJ, Haley HL, Quirk M. Community preceptors’ views of their identities as teachers. Acad Med. 2003;78(8):820–825.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tolks D, Pelczar I, Bauer D, et al. Implementation of a blended-learning course as part of faculty development. Creative Educ. 2014;05(11):948–953. doi:10.4236/ce.2014.511108.
   Google Scholar
• Cook DA, Steinert Y. Online learning for faculty development: a review of the literature. Med Teach. 2013;35(11):930–937. doi:10.3109/0142159X.2013.827328.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hand JS. Identification of competencies for effective dental faculty. J Dent Educ. 2006;70(9):937–947. doi:10.1002/j.0022-0337.2006.70.9.tb04164.x.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smith JA. Reflecting on the development of interpretative phenomenological analysis and its contribution to qualitative research in psychology. Qual Res Psychol. 2004;1(1):39–54.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith JA. Beyond the divide between cognition and discourse: Using interpretative phenomenological analysis in health psychology. Psychol Health. 1996;11(2):261–271. doi:10.1080/08870449608400256.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith JA. Osborn M Interpretative phenomenological analysis. In: Smith JA, ed. Qualitative Psychology: A Practical Guide to Research Methods. 2 ed. SAGE Publications; 2007: 53–80.
   Google Scholar
• Pietkiewicz I, Smith JA. A practical guide to using interpretative phenomenological analysis in qualitative research psychology. Czasopismo Psychol. 2012;18(2):361–369.
   Google Scholar
• Green J, Thorogood N. Qualitative Methods for Health Research. 3rd ed. Los Angeles: SAGE; 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Carver T, Rodríguez C, Simmons R, Bergman H. Assessing an International Medical Education Innovation: Blended Education Program for Teacher Leaders at Hospital Santa Marcelina in Sao Paulo, Brazil. McGill University; 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Alase A. The interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA): a guide to a good qualitative research approach. IJELS. 2017;5(2):9. doi:10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.5n.2p.9.
   Google Scholar
• Smith JA, Flowers P, Larkin M. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis: theory, Method, and Research. Los Angeles: SAGE; 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Zoom [computer program]. Version 4.4.2 San Jose California.
   Google Scholar
• Stets JE, Burke PJ. Identity theory and social identity theory. Soc Psychol Q. 2000;63(3):224–237. doi:10.2307/2695870.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Sullivan PS. Reflections on the identity development of medical educators. Med Sci Educ. 2012;22(3):129–132. doi:10.1007/BF03341773.
   Google Scholar
• Roccas S, Brewer MB. Social identity complexity. Pers Soc Psychol Rev. 2002;6(2):88–106. doi:10.1207/S15327957PSPR0602_01.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tajfel H, Turner JC. The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In: Worchel S, Austin W, eds. Psychology of Intergroup Relations. Chicago: Nelson-Hall; 1986.
   Google Scholar
• Costello CY. Professional Identity Crisis: race, Class, Gender, and Success at Professional Schools. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press; 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Arias-Castillo L, Brandt Toro C, Freifer S, Fernández MÁ. Pefil do médico de família e comunidade: Definição Iberoamericana. https://www.sbmfc.org.br/wp-content/uploads/media/file/documentos/perfil_mfc.pdf. Published 2010. Accessed April 26, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Van Lankveld T, Schoonenboom J, Volman M, Croiset G, Beishuizen J. Developing a teacher identity in the university context: a systematic review of the literature. High Educ Res Dev. 2017;36(2):325–342. doi:10.1080/07294360.2016.1208154.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez C, Pawlikowska T, Schweyer FX, et al. Family physicians’ professional identity formation: a study protocol to explore impression management processes in institutional academic contexts. BMC Med Educ. 2014;14(1):184. doi:10.1186/1472-6920-14-184.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ingold T. The Perception of the Environment: Essays on Livelihood, Dwelling and Skill. London Psychology Press; 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Plumb D. Learning as dwelling. Stud Educ Adults. 2008;40(1):62–79. doi:10.1080/02660830.2008.11661556.
   Google Scholar
• Nugus P, Greenfield D, Travaglia J, Westbrook J, Braithwaite J. How and where clinicians exercise power: interprofessional relations in health care. Soc Sci Med. 2010;71(5):898–909. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.05.029.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar