References
- Medicaid Coverage Rates for The Nonelderly by Race/Ethnicity. Kff.org. https://www.kff.org/medicaid/state-indicator/nonelderly-medicaid-rate-by-raceethnicity/?currentTimeframe=0&sortModel=%7B%22colId%22:%22Location%22,%22sort%22:%22asc%22%7D. Published 2019. Accessed December 7, 2020.
- Nadkarni M, Reddy S, Bates CK, Fosburgh B, Babbott S, Holmboe E . Ambulatory-based education in internal medicine: current organization and implications for transformation. Results of a national survey of resident continuity clinic directors. J Gen Intern Med. 2011;26(1):16–20. doi:10.1007/s11606-010-1437-3.
- Essien UR, He W, Ray A, et al. Disparities in quality of primary care by resident and staff physicians: is there a conflict between training and equity? J Gen Intern Med. 2019;34(7):1184–1191. doi:10.1007/s11606-019-04960-5.
- Yancy WS, Macpherson DS, Hanusa BH, et al. Patient satisfaction in resident and attending ambulatory care clinics. J Gen Intern Med. 2001;16(11):755–762. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2001.91005.x.
- 2018 National Healthcare Quality And Disparities Report. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. 2019. Appendix A.5: Disparities: Insurance Status. https://www.ahrq.gov/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhqdr18/index.html. Updated. April 2020. Accessed December 7, 2020
- Glaser J, Pfeffinger A, Quan J, Fernandez A. Medical students’ perceptions of and responses to health care disparities during clinical clerkships. Acad Med. 2019;94(8):1190–1196. doi:10.1097/ACM.0000000000002582.
- Blum J, Doobay K. Segregated healthcare: past as present. Kennedy School Review. 2019;20:11–17.
- New York State Department of Health. Hospital Inpatient Discharges (SPARCS De-Identified ) 2016. [Dataset] https://health.data.ny.gov/Health/Hospital-Inpatient-Discharges-SPARCS-De-Identified/gnzp-ekau.
- Calman NS, Golub M, Ruddock C, Le L. Separate and unequal care in New York City. J. Health Care L. & Pol’y. 9:105 2006. https://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/jhclp/vol9/iss1/6.
- van Ryn M, Hardeman R, Phelan SM, et al. Medical school experiences associated with change in implicit racial bias among 3547 students: a medical student CHANGES study report. J Gen Intern Med. 2015;30(12):1748–1756. doi:10.1007/s11606-015-3447-7.
- Creswell JW, Miller DL. Determining validity in qualitative inquiry. Theor Pract. 2000;39(3):124–130. doi:10.1207/s15430421tip3903_2.
- Kiger ME, Varpio L. Thematic analysis of qualitative data: AMEE guide No. 131. Med Teach. 2020; 42(8):846–854. doi:10.1080/0142159X.2020.1755030.
- Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol. 2006;3(2):77–101. doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa.
- Hardeman RR, Burgess D, Murphy K, et al. Developing a medical school curriculum on racism: multidisciplinary, multiracial conversations informed by public health critical race praxis (PHCRP). Ethn Dis. 2018;28(Suppl 1):271–278. doi:10.18865/ed.28.S1.271.
- Braun L, Saunders B. Avoiding racial essentialism in medical science curricula. AMA J Ethics. 2017;19(6):518–527. doi:10.1001/journalofethics.2017.19.6.peer1-1706.
- Ahmad N, Shi M. The need for anti-racism training in medical school curricula. Acad Med. 2017;92(8):1073. doi:10.1097/ACM.0000000000001806.
- Mantri S, Lawson JM, Wang Z, Koenig HG. Prevalence and predictors of moral injury symptoms in health care professionals. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2021;209(3):174–180. doi:10.1097/NMD.0000000000001277.
- Fumis R, Junqueira Amarante GA, de Fátima Nascimento A, Vieira Junior JM. Moral distress and its contribution to the development of burnout syndrome among critical care providers. Ann Intensive Care. 2017;7(1):71. doi:10.1186/s13613-017-0293-2.
- Branch WT.Jr. Supporting the moral development of medical students. J Gen Intern Med. 2000;15(7):503–508. doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2000.06298.x.
- Braun L, Wentz A, Baker R, Richardson E, Tsai J. Racialized algorithms for kidney function: erasing social experience. Soc Sci Med. 2021;268:113548. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113548.
- Lynch G, Holloway T, Muller D, Palermo A . Suspending student selections to alpha omega alpha honor medical society: how one school is navigating the intersection of equity and wellness. Acad Med. 2020;95(5):700–703. doi:10.1097/acm.0000000000003087.
- Verite Healthcare C. 2020. “Community health needs assessment.” https://www.mountsinai.org/files/MSHealth/Assets/MSH/MSH-MSQ-CHNA-2020.pdf.
- Voogt JJ, Kars MC, van Rensen ELJ, Schneider MME, Noordegraaf M, van der Schaaf MF. Why medical residents do (and don’t) speak up about organizational barriers and opportunities to improve the quality of care. Acad Med. 2020;95(4):574–581. doi:10.1097/ACM.0000000000003014.