233
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Groundwork

How Are We Doing? A Scoping Review of Published Patient-Centered Outcomes Research in United States Student-Run Free Clinics

, ORCID Icon, , , , , , , , , ORCID Icon, , & show all
Received 08 Aug 2022, Accepted 21 Jul 2023, Published online: 12 Aug 2023

References

  • Smith S, Thomas R, Cruz M, Griggs R, Moscato B, Ferrara A. Presence and characteristics of student-run free clinics in medical schools. Jama. 2014;312(22):2407–2410. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.16066.
  • Broman P, Tokolahi E, Wilson OW, Haggie M, Andersen P, Brownie S. Patient Outcomes from Student-Run Health Services: An Integrative Review. JMDH. 2022;ume 15:641–665. doi:10.2147/JMDH.S348411.
  • Butala NM, Murk W, Horwitz LI, Graber LK, Bridger L, Ellis P. What is the quality of preventive care provided in a student-run free clinic? J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2012;23(1):414–424. doi:10.1353/hpu.2012.0034.
  • Simpson SA, Long JA. Medical student-run health clinics: important contributors to patient care and medical education. J Gen Intern Med. 2007;22(3):352–356. doi:10.1007/s11606-006-0073-4.
  • Maniar YM, Bahethi RR, Naert M, Leader AM, Thomas DC, Meah Y. An Innovative Consulting Group for Sharing Expertise on Launching and Sustaining Student-Run Free Clinics: A Model for Building Student-Run Endeavors. Med Sci Educ. 2020;30(1):555–560. doi:10.1007/s40670-020-00925-0.
  • Dornan T, Littlewood S, Margolis SA, Scherpbier A, Spencer J, Ypinazar V. How can experience in clinical and community settings contribute to early medical education? A BEME systematic review. Med Teach. 2006;28(1):3–18. doi:10.1080/01421590500410971.
  • Meah YS, Smith EL, Thomas DC. Student-run health clinic: Novel arena to educate medical students on systems-based practice. Mt Sinai J Med. 2009;76(4):344–356. doi:10.1002/msj.20128.
  • The Creation of SSRFC https://www.studentrunfreeclinics.org/our-story/.
  • Vijn TW, Fluit CR, Kremer JA, Beune T, Faber MJ, Wollersheim H. Involving medical students in providing patient education for real patients: a scoping review. J Gen Intern Med. 2017;32(9):1031–1043. doi:10.1007/s11606-017-4065-3.
  • Sairenji T, Kost A, Prunuske J, et al. The Impact of Family Medicine Interest Groups and Student-Run Free Clinics on Primary Care Career Choice: A Narrative Synthesis. Fam Med. 2022;54(7):531–535. doi:10.22454/FamMed.2022.436125.
  • Peters MDJ, Godfrey CM, Khalil H, McInerney P, Parker D, Soares CB. Guidance for conducting systematic scoping reviews. Int J Evid Based Healthc. 2015;13(3):141–146. doi:10.1097/xeb.0000000000000050.
  • Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, et al. PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169(7):467–473. doi:10.7326/M18-0850.
  • What is a student-run free clinic? Accessed May 5th, 2022. https://www.studentrunfreeclinics.org.
  • HEDIS Measures and Technical Resources. NCQA Accessed May 5th, 2022. https://www.ncqa.org/hedis/measures/.
  • Hu ZI, Smith DM. Cancer Screening Rates in a Student-Run Free Clinic. Ochsner J. 2016;16(1):37–40.
  • Sharp MB, Milewski AR, Lamneck C, McKenzie K. Evaluating the Impact of Student-run Asylum Clinics in the US from 2016-2018. Health Hum Rights. 2019;21(2):309–323.
  • Mann CL, Rifkin RA, Nabel EM, Thomas DC, Meah YS, Katz CL. Exploring Antidepressant Adherence at a Student-Run Free Mental Health Clinic. Community Ment Health J. 2019;55(1):57–62. doi:10.1007/s10597-018-0301-5.
  • Srivastava A, Shen D, Maron MI, et al. Implementation of Electronic Decision Support for Diabetic Care in a Student-Run Clinic. Cureus. 2020;12(12):e12219. doi:10.7759/cureus.12219.
  • Riddle MC, Lin J, Steinman JB, et al. Incorporating the principles of the patient-centered medical home into a student-run free clinic. Adv Med Educ Pract. 2014;5:289–297. doi:10.2147/amep.S66762.
  • Diaz JE, Ekasumara N, Menon NR, et al. Interpreter training for medical students: pilot implementation and assessment in a student-run clinic. BMC Med Educ. 2016;16(1):256. doi:10.1186/s12909-016-0760-8.
  • O’Brien SR, Bulas M, Metcalfe A, Mix Z, Richert T, Wagner R. Meaningful Functional Change Achieved from Physical Therapy Provided in a Student-Run Pro Bono Clinic. J Allied Health. 2017;46(3):138–142.
  • Powell SK, Gibson CL, Okoroafor I, et al. On-Site Prescription Dispensing Improves Antidepressant Adherence among Uninsured Depressed Patients. Psychiatr Q. 2021;92(3):1093–1107. doi:10.1007/s11126-021-09885-z.
  • Bowen A, Ryan SL, Sogani J, Cortijo A, Nosal SC, Joo P. Patient transition from a free clinic to a medical home. Am J Med Qual. 2013;28(5):446. doi:10.1177/1062860613494167.
  • Ryskina KL, Meah YS, Thomas DC. Quality of Diabetes Care at a Student-Run. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2009;20(4):969–981. doi:10.1353/hpu.0.0231.
  • Liberman KM, Meah YS, Chow A, Tornheim J, Rolon O, Thomas DC. Quality of mental health care at a student-run clinic: care for the uninsured exceeds that of publicly and privately insured populations. J Community Health. 2011;36(5):733–740. doi:10.1007/s10900-011-9367-5.
  • Arao RK, O’Connor MY, Barrett T, et al. Strengthening value-based medication management in a free clinic for the uninsured: Quality interventions aimed at reducing costs and enhancing adherence. BMJ Open Qual. 2017;6(2):e000069. doi:10.1136/bmjoq-2017-000069.
  • Wang E, Getrajdman C, Frid G, et al. A Three-Year Analysis of the Impact of a Student-Run Gynecology Clinic on Access to Reproductive Health Care for Uninsured Women in East Harlem. J Community Health. 2021;46(6):1132–1138. doi:10.1007/s10900-021-01001-3.
  • Dembar A, Mell AJ, Hsieh V, et al. Reducing food insecurity through personalized interventions at the East Harlem Health Outreach Partnership. J Stud Run Clin. 2020;6(1). doi:10.59586/jsrc.v6i1.123.
  • Taylor J, Thomas D, Tornheim J, Meah Y. Hypertension outcomes at a student-run clinic for the uninsured. J Stud Run Clin. 2015;1(1). doi:10.59586/jsrc.v1i1.4.
  • Tran T-A, Yang N, Davis N, et al. Nutrition Counseling by Medical Students at a Student-Run Free Clinic Using Goal-Setting and the MyPlate Method. J Stud Run Clin. 2017;3(1). doi:10.59586/jsrc.v3i1.22.
  • Saude J, Baker ML, Axman LM, Swider SM. Applying the Chronic Care Model to Improve Patient Activation at a Nurse-Managed Student-Run Free Clinic for Medically Underserved People. SAGE Open Nurs. 2020;6:2377960820902612. doi:10.1177/2377960820902612.
  • Asanad K, Zheng J, Chan-Golston A, et al. Assessing quality of care through client satisfaction at an interprofessional student-run free clinic. J Interprof Care. 2018;32(2):203–210. doi:10.1080/13561820.2017.1395827.
  • Smith SD, Marrone L, Gomez A, Johnson ML, Edland SD, Beck E. Clinical outcomes of diabetic patients at a student-run free clinic project. Fam Med. 2014;46(3):198–203.
  • Ouyang D, Yuan N, Sheu L, Lau G, Chen C, Lai CJ. Community health education at student-run clinics leads to sustained improvement in patients’ hepatitis b knowledge. J Community Health. 2013;38(3):471–479. doi:10.1007/s10900-012-9631-3.
  • Smith S, Malinak D, Chang J, et al. Implementation of a food insecurity screening and referral program in student-run free clinics in San Diego, California. Prev Med Rep. 2017;5:134–139. doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.12.007.
  • Lee TC, Frangos SN, Torres M, Winckler B, Ji SG, Dow E. Integrating Undergraduate Patient Partners into Diabetes self-management education: Evaluating a free clinic pilot program for the Underserved. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2016;27(4):1689–1708. doi:10.1353/hpu.2016.0156.
  • Rojas SM, Smith SD, Rojas S, Vaida F. Longitudinal hyperlipidemia outcomes at three student-run free clinic sites. Fam Med. 2015;47(4):309–314.
  • Smith SD, Rojas SM, Huang J, Yang K, Vaida F. Longitudinal Hypertension Outcomes at Four Student-Run Free Clinic Sites. Fam Med. 2017;49(1):28–34.
  • Pyles MN, Nkansah N, Sun BK. Patient satisfaction in dermatologic care delivered by a medical-student-run free clinic. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016;74(6):1265–1267. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2015.12.036.
  • Liu MB, Xiong G, Boggiano VL, Ye PP, Lin S. Providing Specialty Care for the Poor and Underserved at Student-Run Free Clinics in the San Francisco Bay Area. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2017;28(4):1276–1285. doi:10.1353/hpu.2017.0113.
  • Soltani M, Smith S, Beck E, Johnson M. Universal depression screening, diagnosis, management, and outcomes at a student-run free clinic. Acad Psychiatry. 2015;39(3):259–266. doi:10.1007/s40596-014-0257-x.
  • Khalil S, Hatch L, Price CR, et al. Addressing Breast Cancer Screening Disparities Among Uninsured and Insured Patients: A Student-Run Free Clinic Initiative. J Community Health. 2020;45(3):501–505. doi:10.1007/s10900-019-00767-x.
  • Pribish A, Khalil N, Mhaskar R, Woodard L, Mirza AS. Chronic Disease Burden of the Homeless: A Descriptive Study of Student-Run Free Clinics in Tampa, Florida. J Community Health. 2019;44(2):249–255. doi:10.1007/s10900-018-0580-3.
  • Price CR, Hatch LA, Radisic A, et al. Enhancing Adherence to Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines at a Student-Run Free Clinic. J Community Health. 2020;45(1):128–132. doi:10.1007/s10900-019-00724-8.
  • Lee JS, Combs K, Pasarica M, KNIGHTS Research Group 2016 Improving Efficiency While Improving Patient Care in a Student-Run Free Clinic. J Am Board Fam Med. 2017;30(4):513–519. doi:10.3122/jabfm.2017.04.170044.
  • Anand A, Wagner C, Kong SS, et al. Improving Screening for Latent Tuberculosis Infection in a Student-run Free Clinic. Cureus. 2018;10(4):e2488. doi:10.7759/cureus.2488.
  • Burger M, Taddeo MS, Hushla D, Pasarica M. Interventions for Increasing the Quality of Preventive Care at a Free Clinic. Cureus. 2020;12(1):e6562. doi:10.7759/cureus.6562.
  • Sacino AN, Shuster JJ, Nowicki K, et al. Novel Application of a Reverse Triage Protocol Providing Increased Access to Care in an Outpatient, Primary Care Clinic Setting. Fam Med. 2016;48(2):136–139.
  • Lessans S, Vega X, Foley B, et al. A patient-centredness improvement study for efficacy of behaviour change for healthy lifestyle and weight loss in a student-run free clinic. Fam Pract. 2021;38(1):38–42. doi:10.1093/fampra/cmaa057.
  • Abuelenen T, Khalil S, Simoneit E, et al. Prevent and Protect: A Vaccination Initiative for Uninsured Patients at a Student-Run Free Clinic. J Community Health. 2020;45(5):910–915. doi:10.1007/s10900-020-00808-w.
  • Lu KB, Thiel B, Atkins CA, et al. Satisfaction with Healthcare Received at an Interprofessional Student-run Free Clinic: Invested in Training the Next Generation of Healthcare Professionals. Cureus. 2018;10(3):e2282. doi:10.7759/cureus.2282.
  • Atkinson B, Uichanco L, Kattih Z, et al. Review of hypertension management at University of South Florida BRIDGE Clinic. J Stud Run Clin. 2018;4(1). doi:10.59586/jsrc.v4i1.64.
  • Wahle B, Meyer K, Faller M, Kochhar K, Sevilla J. Assessment of Hypertension Management and Outcomes at an Indianapolis Student-Run Free Clinic. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2017;28(2):694–706. doi:10.1353/hpu.2017.0068.
  • Lawrence D, Bryant TK, Nobel TB, Dolansky MA, Singh MK. A comparative evaluation of patient satisfaction outcomes in an interprofessional student-run free clinic. J Interprof Care. 2015;29(5):445–450. doi:10.3109/13561820.2015.1010718.
  • Roth C, Cooper RD, Way DP. Continuity of Care in a Student-Run Free Clinic: Impact on Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk. Fam Med. 2021;53(2):129–132. doi:10.22454/FamMed.2021.151902.
  • Wilcox S, Okut H, Badgett R, Hassouneh S, Ablah E. Effectiveness of Flow Sheet Implementation on Diabetes Progression Screening at a Student-Run Free Clinic. Kans J Med. 2020;13:285–289. doi:10.17161/kjm.vol13.13423.
  • Sack DE, Chakravarthy R, Gerhart CR, et al. Emergency Department Use Among Student-Run Free Clinic Patients: a Cross-sectional Study. J Gen Intern Med. 2021;36(3):830–832. doi:10.1007/s11606-020-05743-z.
  • Kumar NR, DuVernois G, Almeida-Monroe V, Siegert N, De Groot AS. Evaluating the Impact of a Student-Run Women’s Clinic on Access to Gynecologic Care for Uninsured Women in Rhode Island. R I Med J (2013). 2019;102(10):52–56.
  • Lough LE, Ebbert JO, McLeod TG. Evaluation of a student-run smoking cessation clinic for a medically underserved population. BMC Res Notes. 2011;4:55. doi:10.1186/1756-0500-4-55.
  • Der DE, You YQ, Wolter TD, Bowen DA, Dale LC. A free smoking intervention clinic initiated by medical students. Mayo Clin Proc. 2001;76(2):144–151. doi:10.1016/s0025-6196(11)63120-0.
  • Zucker J, Gillen J, Ackrivo J, Schroeder R, Keller S. Hypertension management in a student-run free clinic: meeting national standards? Acad Med. 2011;86(2):239–245. doi:10.1097/ACM.0b013e31820465e0.
  • Thakkar AB, Chandrashekar P, Wang W, Blanchfield BB. Impact of a Student-Run Clinic on Emergency Department Utilization. Fam Med. 2019;51(5):420–423. doi:10.22454/FamMed.2019.477798.
  • Russi AE, Bhaumik S, Herzog JJ, Tschoe M, Baumgartner AC. Impact of an education-centered medical home on quality at a student-volunteer free clinic. Med Educ Online. 2018;23(1):1505401. doi:10.1080/10872981.2018.1505401.
  • Alhallak I, Williams DK, Eudy R, Puryear E, Clark M. Impact of Student-Run Free Clinics in Urgent Care. J Community Health. 2021;46(3):522–526. doi:10.1007/s10900-020-00890-0.
  • Evans PT, Ewing JK, Walia S, Miller RF, Hawkins AT. Implementation of General Surgery Care into a Student-Run Free Clinic. J Surg Res. 2020;255:71–76. doi:10.1016/j.jss.2020.05.031.
  • Butala NM, Chang H, Horwitz LI, Bartlett M, Ellis P. Improving quality of preventive care at a student-run free clinic. PLoS One. 2013;8(11):e81441. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0081441.
  • Zucker J, Lee J, Khokhar M, Schroeder R, Keller S. Measuring and assessing preventive medicine services in a student-run free clinic. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2013;24(1):344–358. doi:10.1353/hpu.2013.0009.
  • Gorrindo P, Peltz A, Ladner TR, et al. Medical students as health educators at a student-run free clinic: improving the clinical outcomes of diabetic patients. Acad Med. 2014;89(4):625–631. doi:10.1097/acm.0000000000000164.
  • Akama-Garren EH, Shah SA, Zinzuwadia AN, et al. Outcomes of a Student-Led Telemedicine Clinic in Response to COVID-19. J Ambul Care Manage. 2021;44(3):197–206. doi:10.1097/jac.0000000000000380.
  • Schroeder MN, Hickey MO. Patient Satisfaction With Diabetes Care in a Student-Run Free Medical Clinic: A Quality Improvement Study. J Pharm Technol. 2020;36(2):61–67. doi:10.1177/8755122519899084.
  • Starnes JR, Slesur L, Holby N, Rehman S, Miller RF. Predicting No-shows at a Student-Run Comprehensive Primary Care Clinic. Fam Med. 2019;51(10):845–849. doi:10.22454/FamMed.2019.406053.
  • Phan RCV, Van Le D, Nguyen A, Mader K. Rapid Adoption of Telehealth at an Interprofessional Student-Run Free Clinic. PRiMER. 2020;4:23. doi:10.22454/PRiMER.2020.241619.
  • Mootz A, Price A, Elahi C, et al. Retrospective Analysis of Population Demographic Characteristics, Medical Interventions, and Resource Use at a Medical Student-Run Clinic on the Texas-Mexico Border. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2019;30(2):519–531. doi:10.1353/hpu.2019.0034.
  • Den Hartog T, Rezac L, Jansen C, et al. Student Initiative Improves HIV Screening Rate in Student-Run Free Clinic. Cureus. 2019;11(10):e5994. doi:10.7759/cureus.5994.
  • Peluso MJ, Hung A, Lukasiewicz A, et al. Successful management of latent tuberculosis infection in an underserved community by a student-run free clinic. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2014;25(2):837–862. doi:10.1353/hpu.2014.0109.
  • LaGrandeur J, Moros M, Dobrick J, et al. TotShots: An Innovative Pediatric Free Clinic Providing High Patient Satisfaction to the Underserved. Fam Med. 2018;50(10):779–781. doi:10.22454/FamMed.2018.678901.
  • An ML, Laks KM, Long NA. Uninsured With Diabetes: How Student-Run Free Medical Clinics Are Filling the Gap. Clin Diabetes. 2019;37(3):282–283. doi:10.2337/cd18-0111.
  • Bhathena S, Moczygemba L, Lawson K. Emergency Department Use and Barriers to Health Care Among Homeless and Uninsured Patients at a Student-Run Free Clinic. J Stud Run Clin. 2020;6(1). doi:10.59586/jsrc.v6i1.91.
  • Dalrymple N, Hidalgo M, Desai A. Comparison of the health status of uninsured diabetic patients presenting for an initial visit to an urban free clinic to diabetic patients from the national health and nutrition examination survey. J Stud Run Clin. 2020;6(1). doi:10.59586/jsrc.v6i1.90.
  • Flores M, Kairis K, Ater S, Stein A, Chen G, Mifflin M. Implementation of a Mental Health Screening Tool at an Adult Homeless Shelter Student-Run Free Clinic in Arizona. J Stud Run Clin. 2021;7(1). doi:10.59586/jsrc.v7i1.146.
  • Guzman JR, Ramos MA, Silva M, et al. Training health professional students as lay counselors to treat depression in a student-run free clinic. J Stud Run Clin. 2018;4(1). doi:10.59586/jsrc.v4i1.61.
  • Kramer N, Harris J, Zoorob R. The impact of a student-run free clinic on reducing excess emergency department visits. J Stud Run Clin. 2015;1(1). doi:10.59586/jsrc.v1i1.3.
  • Liu I, Jones M, Anderson S, Feng C, Tillman F, Marciniak M. Texting and Educating on Lifestyle Therapy: A Pilot Study in a Spanish-Speaking Population in North Carolina. J Stud Run Clin. 2018;4(1). doi:10.59586/jsrc.v4i1.42.
  • Menning M, Nabower A, Medder J, Geske J, Margalit R. The impact of a multifaceted intervention on the rate of preventive services offered in a student-run clinic. J Stud Run Clin. 2016;2(2). doi:10.59586/jsrc.v2i2.14.
  • Mischell S, Yegya-Raman N, Frenchu K, Lin K. Patient expectations and satisfaction when using a student-run health clinic. J Stud Run Clin. 2017;3(1). doi:10.59586/jsrc.v3i1.23.
  • Steinman J, Wosiski-Kuhn M, Haddad D, Ramos J, Callahan KE. Foot Exams in a Student-Run Clinic. J Stud Run Clin. 2017;3(1). doi:10.59586/jsrc.v3i1.39.
  • Stephens D, Ramedani S, Tupinio M, Lambert K, Artrip R. Using time limits to improve patient visits & clinic flow at a student-run free clinic. J Stud Run Clin. 2020;6(1). doi:10.59586/jsrc.v6i1.196.
  • Stickel J, Ngo S, Kumar A, Rhodes L, Zeeman J. Evaluation of a preventative health consultation service for patients at student-run walk-in health clinics. J Stud Run Clin. 2021;7(1). doi:10.59586/jsrc.v7i1.212.
  • Magrath JW, Janfaza SA, Abdulhafiz NS, et al. Association of Insurance Status with Patient Health at New Orleans Student-Run Free Clinics. J Community Health. 2020;46(4):676–683. doi:10.1007/s10900-020-00934-5.
  • Kahkoska AR, Brazeau NF, Lynch KA, et al. Implementation and Evaluation of Shared Medical Appointments for Type 2 Diabetes at a Free, Student-Run Clinic in Alamance County, North Carolina. J Med Educ Train. 2018;2(1).
  • Gortney J, Mendez J, Bowers C, Appel J, Blanks D, Cheung WL. Patient assessment of engagement with students in an interprofessional student-run free clinic for individuals experiencing homelessness. Journal of Social Distress and the Homeless. 2018;27(1):19–24. doi:10.1080/10530789.2017.1421871.
  • Ellett JD, Campbell JA, Gonsalves WC. Patient satisfaction in a student-run free medical clinic. Fam Med. 2010;42(1):16–18.
  • Felder-Heim C, Mader K. Quality of Diabetes and Hypertension Management at the DAWN (Dedicated to Aurora’s Wellness and Needs) Student-Run Free Clinic. Cureus. 2020;12(8):e9539. doi:10.7759/cureus.9539.
  • Palma ML, Arthofer A, Halstead KM, Wahba JM, Martinez DA. Service Learning in Health Care for Underserved Communities: University of Iowa Mobile Clinic, 2019. Am J Public Health. 2020;110(9):1304–1307. doi:10.2105/ajph.2020.305755.
  • Westcott SL, Badgett CJ, Stahly AV, Mader KD. Student-run Clinic Effect on Emergency Department Utilization (SCEEDU): An Analysis of the DAWN Clinic Impact in Colorado. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2021;32(2):1069–1082. doi:10.1353/hpu.2021.0081.
  • Brug AM, Green G, Mayer SI, Gregersen M, Kanter J, Jones CE. Meeting patients where they are: evaluating a student-run, shelter-based model for connecting homeless patients with a medical home. J Stud Run Clin. 2020;6(1). doi:10.59586/jsrc.v6i1.139.
  • Myers Virtue S, Rotz ME, Boyd M, Lykon JL, Waldron EM, Theodorou J. Impact of a novel interprofessional dental and pharmacy student tobacco cessation education programme on dental patient outcomes. J Interprof Care. 2018;32(1):52–62. doi:10.1080/13561820.2017.1378171.
  • Stickler K, Sabus C, Gustafson H, Kueser M, Lavaveshkul B, Denney L. Pro-Bono Service Through Student-Run Clinics: How Does Physical Therapy Measure Up? J Allied Health. 2016;45(3):207–211.
  • Doherty M, Dyer M, Wilson E, Russell-Thomas D. Rehabilitation Outcomes of an Occupational Therapy Student-Run Free Clinic for Individuals with Acquired Brain Injury. J Allied Health. 2020;49(1):60–66.
  • Trotta K, Moore R, Wells T. Cost reduction associated with comprehensive medication reviews in a student-run free clinic. J Stud Run Clin. 2020;6(1). doi:10.59586/jsrc.v6i1.136.
  • Dumenco L, Monteiro K, George P, Rougas S, Dollase R. Outcomes of a longitudinal quality improvement and patient safety preclerkship curriculum. Acad Med. 2019;94(12):1980–1987. doi:10.1097/ACM.0000000000002898.
  • Wong BM, Etchells EE, Kuper A, Levinson W, Shojania KG. Teaching quality improvement and patient safety to trainees: a systematic review. Acad Med. 2010;85(9):1425–1439. doi:10.1097/ACM.0b013e3181e2d0c6.
  • Swing SR. The ACGME outcome project: retrospective and prospective. Med Teach. 2007;29(7):648–654. doi:10.1080/01421590701392903.
  • About the Journal Accessed May 15th, 2022, 2022. https://journalsrc.org/index.php/jsrc/about.
  • Pennington K, Harwood E, Sick B. Characterizing the Community Collaborations of a Community-Based Student-Run Clinic. J Prim Care Community Health. 2020;11:2150132720984400. doi:10.1177/2150132720984400.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.