The Mechanical Mixed Layer and Its Role in Cu-15Ni-8Sn/Graphite Composites

References

• Emge, A., Karthikeyan, S., Kim, H. J., and Rigney, D. A. (2007), “The Effect of Sliding Velocity on the Tribological Behavior of Copper,” Wear, 263, pp 614–618.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basak, C. B. and Krishnan, M. (2015), “Applicability of Scheil-Gulliver Solidification Model in Real Alloy: A Case Study with Cu-9wt%Ni-6wt%Sn Alloy,” Tribology Transactions, 95(7), pp 376–383.
   Google Scholar
• Zhao, H. J., Liu, L., Wu, Y. T., and Hu, W. B. (2007), “Investigation on Wear and Corrosion Behavior of Cu-Graphite Composites Prepared by Electroforming,” Composites Science and Technology, 67, pp 1210–1217.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zahran, R. R., Ibrahim, I. H. M., and Sedahmed, G. H. (1996), “The Corrosion of Graphite/Copper Composites in Different Aqueous Environments,” Material Letters, 28, pp 237–244.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandberg, J., Wallinder, I. O., Leygraf, C., and Lebozec, N. (2006), “Corrosion-Induced Copper Runoff from Naturally and Pre-Patinated Copper in a Marine Environment,” Corrosion Science, 48, pp 4316–4338.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bastwros, M. M. H., Esawi, A. M., and Wifi, A. (2013), “Friction and Wear Behavior of Al-CNT Composites,” Wear, 307, pp 164–173.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao, H., Qian, Z., Zhang, L., Xiao, J., and Zhou, K. (2014), “Tribological Behavior of Cu Matrix Composites Containing Graphite and Tungsten Disulfide,” Tribology Transactions, 57, pp 1037–1043.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tu, J. P., Rong, W., Guo, S. Y., and Yang, Y. Z. (2003), “Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of in situ Cu-TiB2 Nano-Composites against Medium Carbon Steel,” Wear, 255, pp 832–835.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cui, G. J., Bi, Q. L., Zhu, S. Y., Yang, J., and Liu, W. M. (2012), “Tribological Behavior of Cu-6Sn-6Zn-3Pb under Sea Water, Distilled Water and Dry Sliding Conditions,” Tribology International, 55, pp 126–124.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajaram, G., Kumaran, S., and Rao, T. S. (2010), “Sliding Wear Behavior of Al-Si/Graphite Composite,” Tribology Transactions, 54(1), pp 115–121.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caris, J., Li, D. Q., Stephens, J., and Lewandowski, J. (2010), “Microstructural Effects on Tension Behavior of Cu-15Ni-8Sn Sheet,” Materials Science and Engineering: A, 527, pp 769–781.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz, L. H. and Plewes, J. T. (1974), “Spinodal Decomposition in a Cu-9wt%Ni-6wt%Sn Alloy—II,” Acta Metallurgica, 22, pp 911–921.
   Google Scholar
• Hunnik, E. W. J., Colijn, J., and Westrum, J. A. F. M. (1992), “Heat Treatment and Phase Inter-Relationships of the Spray Cast Cu–15wt%Ni–8wt%Sn Alloy,” Material Science Forum, 102–104, pp 115–124.
   Google Scholar
• Kar, N J. “Copper-Based Spinodal Alloy Bearings,” U.S. Patent No. 4614.
   Google Scholar
• Cribb, W. R. and Patka, J. O. (2002), “Copper Spinodal Alloys,” Advanced Materials, 160(11), pp 27–30.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cui, C. J., Bi, Q. L., Zhu, S. Y., Fu, L. C., Yang, J., and Qiao, Z. H. (2013), “Synergistic Effect of Alumina and Graphite on Bronze Matrix Composites,” Wear, 303, pp 216–224.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nayak, D., Ray, N., Sahoo, R., and Debata, M. (2014), “Analysis of Tribological Performance of Cu Hybrid Composites Reinforced with Graphite and TiC Using Factorial Techniques,” Tribology Transactions, 57(5), pp 908–918.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajkumar, K. and Aravindan, A. (2010), “Tribological Performance of Microwave-Heat-Treated Copper–Graphite Composites,” Tribology Letters, 37, pp 131–139.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, J. B., Cai, W., and Bellon, P. (2007), “Dry Sliding of Cu-15 wt%Ni-8 wt% Sn Bronze: Wear Behavior and Microstructures,” Wear, 263, pp 830–841.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, X. Y. and Tandon, K. N. (1999), “Mechanical Mixing Induced Sliding Wear of an Al-Si Alloy against M2 Steel,” Wear, 225–229, pp 640–648.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, J. B., Wen, J. G., and Bellon, P. (2008), “Nanoscale Characterization of the Transfer Layer Formed during Dry Sliding of Cu–15 wt% Ni–8 wt% Sn Bronze Alloy,” Acta Materialia, 56, pp 3053–3064.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamid, A., Mohammad, H. E., and Rahmatollah, E. (2015), “Tribological Properties of Nanostructured Al/Al12(Fe, V)3Si Alloys,” Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 28(1), pp 83–92.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gee, A. W. and Zaat, J. H. (1962), “Wear of Copper Alloys against Steel in Oxygen and Argon,” Wear, 5, pp 257–274.
   Google Scholar
• Mao, Y. S., Wang, L., Chen, K. M., Wang, S. Q., and Cui, X. H. (2013), “Tribo-Layer and Its Role in Dry Sliding Wear of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy,” Wear, 297, pp 1032–1039.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qiu, M., Zhang, Y. Z., Zhu, J., and Yang, J. H. (2006), “Correction between the Characteristics of the Thermo-Mechanical Mixed Layer and Wear Behavior of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy,” Tribology Letters, 22(3), pp 227–231.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kovacik, J., Emmer, S., Bielek, J., and Kekesi, L. (2008), “Effect of Composition on Friction Coefficient of Cu-Graphite Composites,” Wear, 265, pp 417–421.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moustafa, S. F., Elbadry, S. A., Sanad, A. M., and Kieback, B. (2002), “Friction and Wear of Copper–Graphite Composites Made with Cu-Coated and Uncoated Graphite Powders,” Wear, 253, pp 699–710.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, L., Xiao, J. K., and Zhou, K. C. (2012), “Sliding Wear Behavior of Silver–Molybdenum Disulfide Composite,” Tribology Transactions, 55(4), pp 473–480.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, J., Elmadagli,  , Gertsman, V. Y., Lo, J., and Alpas, A. T. (2006), “FIB and TEM Characterization of Subsurfaces of an Al-Si Alloy (A390) Subjected to Sliding Wear,” Materials Science and Engineering: A, 421, pp 317–327.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rigney, D. A. (2000), “Transfer, Mixing and Associated Chemical and Mechanical Processes during the Sliding of Ductile Materials,” Wear, 245, pp 1–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rice, S. L., Nowotny, H., and Wayne, S. F. (1981), “Formation of Subsurface Zones in Impact Wear,” ASLE Transactions, 24(2), pp 264–268.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wayne, S. F., Rice, S. L., Minakawa, K., and Nowotny, H. (1983), “The Role of Microstructure in the Wear of Selected Steel,” Wear, 85, pp 93–106.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mcintyre, N. S. and Cook, M. G. (1975), “X-ray Photoelectron Studies on Some Oxides and Hydroxides of Cobalt, Nickel, and Copper,” Analytical Chemistry, 47, pp 2208–2213.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poulston, S., Parlett, P. M., Stone, P., and Bowker, M. (1996), “Surface Oxidation and Reduction of CuO and Cu2O Studied Using XPS and XAES,” Surface and Interface Analysis, 24, pp 811–820.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, J. A., Lancaster, G. M., and Rabalais, J. W. (1978), “Chemical Reactions of N2+ Ion Beams with Group IV Elements and Their Oxides,” Electron Spectroscopy, 13, pp 435–444.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagrer, C. D., Riggs, W. M., Davis, L. E., and Moulder, J. F. (1995), Handbook of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Eden Prairie, MN: Physical Electronics.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, Y., Zhang, L., Xiao, J. K., Chen, W., Feng, C. F., Gan, X. P., and Zhou, K. C. (2016), “The Tribo-Corrosion Behavior of Cu-9 wt% Ni-6 wt% Sn Alloy,” Tribology International, 94, pp 260–268.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stott, F. H. (1995), “The Role of Oxidation in the Wear of Alloys,” Tribology International, 31, pp 61–71.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, S. Q., Wei, M. X., and Zhao, Y. T. (2010), “Effects of the Tribo-Oxide and Matrix on the Dry Sliding Wear Characteristics and Mechanisms of a Cast Steel,” Wear,  269, pp 424–434.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar