POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAH) IN VULCANO ISLAND (AEOLIAN ARCHIPELAGO) MUD UTILIZED FOR THERAPEUTIC PURPOSE

REFERENCES

• Sukenik , S. , Buskilla , D. , Neumann , L. , Kleiner-Baumgarten , A. , Zimlichman , S. and Horowitz , J. 1990 . Sulphur Bath and Mud Pack Treatment for Rheumatoid Arthritis at the Dead Sea Area . Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases , 49 : 99 – 102 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sukenik , S. 1996 . Balneotherapy for Rheumatic Diseases at the Dead Sea Area . Israel Journal of Medical Sciences , 32 : 9 – 16 .
   Google Scholar
• ElKayam , O. , Ophir , J. , Brener , S. , Paran , D. , Wigler , I. , Efron , D. , Even-Paz , Z. , Politi , Y. and Yaron , M. 2000 . Immediate and Delayed Effctes of Treatment at the Dead Sea in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis . Rheumatology International , 19 : 77 – 82 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Simoneit , B. R. T. 1998 . “ Biomarker PAH in the Environment ” . In The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry: PAH and Related Compounds 3-I , 175 – 222 . Berlin : Springer .
   Google Scholar
• Soclo , H. H. , Garrigues , P. and Ewald , M. 2000 . Origin of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) in Coastal Marine Sediments: Case Studies in Cotonou (Benin) and Aquitaine (France) Areas . Marine Pollution Bulletin , 40 : 387 – 396 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gewend , P. M. and Hites , R. A. 1981 . Fluxes of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons to Marine and Lacustrine Sediments in the Northeastern United States . Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , 45 : 2359 – 2367 .
   Google Scholar
• International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) . 1983 . Polynuclear aromatic compounds. Part I: Chemical, Environmental and Experimental Data , Lyon : IARC .
   Google Scholar
• Lauwerys , R. , ed. 1982 . Intoxications Professionals et Industrielles , Paris : Masson .
   Google Scholar
• Mumtaz , M. M. , George , J. D. , Gold , K. W. , Cibulas , W. and Derosa , C. T. 1996 . ATSDR Evaluation of Health Effects of Chemical. IV Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH): Understanding a Complex Problem . Toxicol. Ind. Health , 12 ( 6 ) : 742 – 995 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Rooij , J. G. M. , Van Lieshout , E. M. , Bodelier-Bade , M. M. and Jongeneelen , R. J. 1993 . Effect of the Reduction of Skin Contamination on the Internal Dose of Creosote Workers Exposed to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons . Scand. J. Work Environ. Health , 19 : 200 – 207 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viau , C. and Vyskocil , A. 1995 . Patterns of 1-hydroxypyrene Excretion in Volunteers Exposed to Pyrene by Dermal Route . Sci. Total Environ. , 163 : 187 – 190 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albert , R. E. , Miller , M. L. , Cody , T. , Andringa , A. , Shukla , R. and Stuart Baxter , C. 1991 . Benzo(a)pyrene-induced Skin Damage and Tumor Promotion in the Mouse . Carcinogenesis , 12 ( 7 ) : 1273 – 1280 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warshawsky , D. , Barkley , W. and Bingham , E. 1993 . Factors Affecting Carcinogenic Potential of Mixtures . Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. , 20 : 376 – 382 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Johnson , J. E. and Kissel , J. C. 1996 . Prevalence of Dermal Payhway Dominance in Risk Assessment of Contaminated Soild: A Survey of Superfund Risk Assessment . Human Ecol. Risk Assess. , 2 ( 2 ) : 356 – 365 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duff , R. M. and Kissel , J. C. 1996 . Effect of Soil Loading on Dermal Adsorption Efficiency from Contaminated Soils . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health , 48 : 93 – 106 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmes , K. K. , Shirai , J. H. , Richter , K. Y. and Kissel , J. C. 1999 . Field Measurement of Dermal Soil Loadings in Occupational and Recreational Activities . Environ. Res. Section A , 80 : 148 – 157 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muel , B. and Saguem , S. 1985 . Determination of 23 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Atmospheric Particulate Matter of Paris Area and Photolysis by Sun Light . Env. Sci. Technol. , 19 : 111 – 131 .
   Google Scholar
• Benlahcen , K. T. , Chaoni , A. , Budzinski , H. , Bellocq , J. and Garrigues , P. P. 1997 . Distribution and Sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Some Mediterranean Coastal Sediments . Mar. Poll. Bull. , 34 ( 5 ) : 298 – 305 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sportsol , S. , Gros , N. , Lichtenthaler , R. G. , Gustavsen , K. O. , Urdel , K. , Ordel , F. and Skel , J. 1983 . Source Identification of Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediments Using GC/MS . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 17 : 282 – 286 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guinan , J. , Charlesworth , M. , Service , M. and Oliver , T. T. 2001 . Sources and Geochemical Constraints of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) in Sediments and Mussels of two Northern Irish Sea-loughs . Mar. Poll. Bull. , 42 : 1073 – 1081 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li , C. K. and Kamens , R. M. 1983 . The Use of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons as Source Signatures in Receptor Modelling . Atmospheric Environment , 27A : 523 – 529 .
   Google Scholar
• Ohkouchi , N. , Kawamura , K. and Kawahata , H. 1999 . Distributions of Three- and Seven Rings Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons on the Deep Sea Floor in Central Pacific . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 33 : 3086 – 3090 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heit , M. , Tan , Y. L. and Miller , K. M. 1988 . The Origin and Deposition History of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Finger Lakes Region of New York, Water . Air, and Soil Pollution , 37 : 85 – 110 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giacalone , A. , Gianguzza , A. , Mannino , M. R. , Orecchio , S. and Piazzese , D. 2004 . Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediments of Marine Coastal Lagoons in Messina, Italy: Extraction and GC/MS Analysis, Distribution and Sources . Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds , 24 ( 2 ) : 135 – 149 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Culotta , L. , Melati , M. R. and Orecchio , S. 2002 . The Use of Leaves of Rosmarinus Officinalis L. as Samplers for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Assessment of Air Quality in the Area of Palermo . Ann. Chim. (Rome) , 92 : 837 – 845 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neff , J. M. 1979 . Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment. Sources, Fates and Biological Effects , 1 – 262 . London : Applied Science Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Witt , G. 1998 . Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water and Sediments of the Baltic Sea . Marine Pollution Bulletin , 36 : 577 – 586 .
   Google Scholar
• Amend , J. P. , Amend , A. C. and Valenza , M. 1998 . Determination of Volatile Fatty Acids in the Hot Springs of Vulcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy . Org. Geochem. , 28 : 699 – 705 .
   Google Scholar