64
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

The Relationship between Maternal and Fetal CYP1A1 Genotype in Smokers and Nonsmokers to Benzo(a)pyrene Hemoglobin Adducts

, , &
Pages 165-187 | Published online: 07 Jun 2010

REFERENCES

  • Trofor , A. , Man , M. A. and Miron , R. 2009 . Smoking during pregnancy—a challenge to practitioners . Pneumologia , 58 : 247 – 9 . 251
  • Rogers , J. M. 2009 . Tobacco and pregnancy . Reprod Toxicol , 28 : 152 – 160 .
  • Kightlinger , L. and Gildemaster , M. C. 2009 . Tobacco deaths in South Dakota S D Med, Spec No, 5–7
  • Giovino , G. A. 2007 . The tobacco epidemic in the United States . Am J Prev Med , 33 : S318 – 26 .
  • Hylkema , M. N. , Sterk , P. J. , de Boer , W. I. and Postma , D. S. 2007 . Tobacco use in relation to COPD and asthma . Eur Respir J , 29 : 438 – 445 .
  • Heudorf , U. , Hartmann , E. and Angerer , J. 2009 . Acrylamide in children–exposure assessment via urinary acrylamide metabolites as biomarkers . Int J Hyg Environ Health , 212 : 135 – 141 .
  • Jiang , X. , Yuan , J. M. , Skipper , P. L. , Tannenbaum , S. R. and Yu , M. C. 2007 . Environmental tobacco smoke and bladder cancer risk in never smokers of Los Angeles County . Cancer Res , 67 : 7540 – 7545 .
  • Topinka , J. , Sevastyanova , O. , Binkova , B. , Chvatalova , I. , Milcova , A. , Lnenickova , Z. , Novakova , Z. , Solansky , I. and Sram , R. J. 2007 . Biomarkers of air pollution exposure—a study of policemen in Prague . Mutat Res , 624 : 9 – 17 .
  • Wogan , G. N. , Hecht , S. S. , Felton , J. S. , Conney , A. H. and Loeb , L. A. 2004 . Environmental and chemical carcinogenesis . Semin Cancer Biol , 14 : 473 – 486 .
  • Christiani , D. C. 2000 . Smoking and the molecular epidemiology of lung cancer . Clin Chest Med , 21 : 87 – 93 . viii
  • Crawford , F. G. , Mayer , J. , Santella , R. M. , Cooper , T. B. , Ottman , R. , Tsai , W. Y. , Simon-Cereijido , G. , Wang , M. , Tang , D. and Perera , F. P. 1994 . Biomarkers of environmental tobacco smoke in preschool children and their mothers . J Natl Cancer Inst , 86 : 1398 – 1402 .
  • Lewtas , J. 1994 . Human exposure to complex mixtures of air pollutants . Toxicol Lett , 72 : 163 – 169 .
  • Boffetta , P. , Hecht , S. , Gray , N. , Gupta , P. and Straif , K. 2008 . Smokeless tobacco and cancer . Lancet Oncol , 9 : 667 – 675 .
  • Norppa , H. 2004 . Cytogenetic biomarkers . IARC Sci Publ , : 179 – 205 .
  • Vineis , P. 1992 . The use of biomarkers in epidemiology: the example of bladder cancer . Toxicol Lett , : 463 – 467 . 64–65 Spec No
  • Sorsa , M. and Husgafvel-Pursiainen , K. 1988 . Assessment of passive and transplacental exposure to tobacco smoke . IARC Sci Publ , : 129 – 132 .
  • Topinka , J. , Milcova , A. , Libalova , H. , Novakova , Z. , Rossner , P. Jr. , Balascak , I. and Sram , R. J. 2009 . Biomarkers of exposure to tobacco smoke and environmental pollutants in mothers and their transplacental transfer to the foetus. Part I: bulky DNA adducts . Mutat Res , 669 : 13 – 19 .
  • Wdowiak , A. , Wiktor , H. and Wdowiak , L. 2009 . Maternal passive smoking during pregnancy and neonatal health . Ann Agric Environ Med , 16 : 309 – 312 .
  • Metsios , G. S. , Flouris , A. D. and Koutedakis , Y. 2009 . Passive smoking, asthma and allergy in children . Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets , 8 : 348 – 352 .
  • Yazbeck , C. , Thiebaugeorges , O. , Moreau , T. , Goua , V. , Debotte , G. , Sahuquillo , J. , Forhan , A. , Foliguet , B. , Magnin , G. , Slama , R. , Charles , M. A. and Huel , G. 2009 . Maternal blood lead levels and the risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension: the EDEN cohort study . Environ Health Perspect , 117 : 1526 – 1530 .
  • Van Bever , H. P. 2009 . Determinants in early life for asthma development . Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol , 5 : 6
  • Gorog , K. , Pattenden , S. , Antova , T. , Niciu , E. , Rudnai , P. , Scholtens , S. , Splichalova , A. K. , Slotova Voko , Z. , Zlotkowska , R. and Houthuijs , D. 2009 . Maternal smoking during pregnancy and childhood obesity: Results from the CESAR Study . Matern Child Health J ,
  • Bernert , J. T. , Gordon , S. M. , Jain , R. B. , Brinkman , M. C. , Sosnoff , C. S. , Seyler , T. H. , Xia , Y. , McGuffey , J. E. , Ashley , D. L. , Pirkle , J. L. and Sampson , E. J. 2009 . Increases in tobacco exposure biomarkers measured in non-smokers exposed to sidestream cigarette smoke under controlled conditions . Biomarkers , 14 : 82 – 93 .
  • Husgafvel-Pursiainen , K. 2004 . Genotoxicity of environmental tobacco smoke: a review . Mutat Res , 567 : 427 – 445 .
  • Nelson , E. 2001 . The miseries of passive smoking . Hum Exp Toxicol , 20 : 61 – 83 .
  • Hutchison , S. J. , Glantz , S. A. , Zhu , B. Q. , Sun , Y. P. , Chou , T. M. , Chatterjee , K. , Deedwania , P. C. , Parmley , W. W. and Sudhir , K. 1998 . In-utero and neonatal exposure to secondhand smoke causes vascular dysfunction in newborn rats . J Am Coll Cardiol , 32 : 1463 – 1467 .
  • Witschi , H. , Pinkerton , K. E. , Coggins , C. R. , Penn , A. and Gori , G. B. 1995 . Environmental tobacco smoke: experimental facts and societal issues . Fundam Appl Toxicol , 24 : 3 – 12 .
  • Kuller , L. H. , Garfinkel , L. , Correa , P. , Haley , N. , Hoffmann , D. , Preston-Martin , S. and Sandler , D. 1986 . Contribution of passive smoking to respiratory cancer . Environ Health Perspect , 70 : 57 – 69 .
  • Martin , T. R. and Bracken , M. B. 1986 . Association of low birth weight with passive smoke exposure in pregnancy . Am J Epidemiol , 124 : 633 – 642 .
  • Critchley , J. A. and Unal , B. 2003 . Health effects associated with smokeless tobacco: a systematic review . Thorax , 58 : 435 – 443 .
  • Bartal , M. 2001 . Health effects of tobacco use and exposure . Monaldi Arch Chest Dis , 56 : 545 – 554 .
  • Hecht , S. S. , Carmella , S. G. , Foiles , P. G. , Murphy , S. E. and Peterson , L. A. 1993 . Tobacco-specific nitrosamine adducts: studies in laboratory animals and humans . Environ Health Perspect , 99 : 57 – 63 .
  • Preston-Martin , S. 1987 . N-nitroso compounds as a cause of human cancer . IARC Sci Publ , : 477 – 484 .
  • Weiser , T. M. , Lin , M. , Garikapaty , V. , Feyerharm , R. W. , Bensyl , D. M. and Zhu , B. P. 2009 . Association of maternal smoking status with breastfeeding practices: Missouri, 2005 . Pediatrics , 124 : 1603 – 1610 .
  • Voigt , M. , Briese , V. , Jorch , G. , Henrich , W. , Schneider , K. T. and Straube , S. 2009 . The influence of smoking during pregnancy on fetal growth. Considering daily cigarette consumption and the SGA rate according to length of gestation . Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol , 213 : 194 – 200 .
  • Holtrop , J. S. , Meghea , C. , Raffo , J. E. , Biery , L. , Chartkoff , S. B. and Roman , L. 2009 . Smoking among pregnant women with medicaid insurance: are mental health factors related? . Matern Child Health J ,
  • Edwards , M. J. , Geiser , T. , Chafin , C. , Weatherby , N. L. and Smith , C. M. 2009 . S. M. A. R. T. mothers are resisting tobacco: prenatal smoking cessation in WIC mothers . J Allied Health , 38 : 170 – 176 .
  • Paul , I. M. , Lehman , E. B. and Widome , R. 2009 . Maternal tobacco use and shorter newborn nursery stays . Am J Prev Med , 37 : S172 – 8 .
  • Johansson , A. L. , Dickman , P. W. , Kramer , M. S. and Cnattingius , S. 2009 . Maternal smoking and infant mortality: does quitting smoking reduce the risk of infant death? . Epidemiology , 20 : 590 – 597 .
  • 2008 . Smoking prevalence among women of reproductive age—United States, 2006 . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , 57 : 849 – 852 .
  • Pauly , J. R. and Slotkin , T. A. 2008 . Maternal tobacco smoking, nicotine replacement and neurobehavioural development . Acta Paediatr , 97 : 1331 – 1337 .
  • Romo , A. , Carceller , R. and Tobajas , J. 2009 . Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR): epidemiology and etiology . Pediatr Endocrinol Rev , 6 ( Suppl 3 ) : 332 – 336 .
  • Bergmann , R. L. , Bergmann , K. E. and Dudenhausen , J. W. 2008 . Undernutrition and growth restriction in pregnancy . Nestle Nutr Workshop Ser Pediatr Program , 61 : 103 – 121 .
  • Villalbi , J. R. , Salvador , J. , Cano-Serral , G. , Rodriguez-Sanz , M. C. and Borrell , C. 2007 . Maternal smoking, social class and outcomes of pregnancy . Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol , 21 : 441 – 447 .
  • Olsen , S. F. , Osterdal , M. L. , Salvig , J. D. , Weber , T. , Tabor , A. and Secher , N. J. 2007 . Duration of pregnancy in relation to fish oil supplementation and habitual fish intake: a randomised clinical trial with fish oil . Eur J Clin Nutr , 61 : 976 – 985 .
  • Lindqvist , P. G. and Happach , C. 2006 . Risk and risk estimation of placental abruption . Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol , 126 : 160 – 164 .
  • Bada , H. S. , Das , A. , Bauer , C. R. , Shankaran , S. , Lester , B. M. , Gard , C. C. , Wright , L. L. , Lagasse , L. and Higgins , R. 2005 . Low birth weight and preterm births: etiologic fraction attributable to prenatal drug exposure . J Perinatol , 25 : 631 – 637 .
  • Sram , R. J. , Binkova , B. , Lnenickova , Z. , Solansky , I. and Dejmek , J. 2005 . The impact of plasma folate levels of mothers and newborns on intrauterine growth retardation and birth weight . Mutat Res , 591 : 302 – 310 .
  • Ergaz , Z. , Avgil , M. and Ornoy , A. 2005 . Intrauterine growth restriction-etiology and consequences: what do we know about the human situation and experimental animal models? . Reprod Toxicol , 20 : 301 – 322 .
  • De Farias Aragao , V. M. , Barbieri , M. A. , Moura Da Silva , A. A. , Bettiol , H. and Ribeiro , V. S. 2005 . Risk factors for intrauterine growth restriction: a comparison between two Brazilian cities . Pediatr Res , 57 : 674 – 679 .
  • Froen , J. F. , Gardosi , J. O. , Thurmann , A. , Francis , A. and Stray-Pedersen , B. 2004 . Restricted fetal growth in sudden intrauterine unexplained death . Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand , 83 : 801 – 807 .
  • Steward , D. K. and Moser , D. K. 2004 . Intrauterine growth retardation in full-term newborn infants with birth weights greater than 2,500 g . Res Nurs Health , 27 : 403 – 412 .
  • Zanieri , L. , Galvan , P. , Checchini , L. , Cincinelli , A. , Lepri , L. , Donzelli , G. P. and Del Bubba , M. 2007 . Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in human milk from Italian women: influence of cigarette smoking and residential area . Chemosphere , 67 : 1265 – 1274 .
  • Tzekova , A. , Thuot , R. and Viau , C. 2004 . Correlation between biomarkers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure and electrophilic tissue burden in a rat model . Arch Toxicol , 78 : 351 – 361 .
  • Lodovici , M. , Luceri , C. , Guglielmi , F. , Bacci , C. , Akpan , V. , Fonnesu , M. L. , Boddi , V. and Dolara , P. 2004 . Benzo(a)pyrene diolepoxide (BPDE)-DNA adduct levels in leukocytes of smokers in relation to polymorphism of CYP1A1, GSTM1, GSTP1, GSTT1, and mEH . Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , 13 : 1342 – 1348 .
  • Izzotti , A. , Balansky , R. M. , Dagostini , F. , Bennicelli , C. , Myers , S. R. , Grubbs , C. J. , Lubet , R. A. , Kelloff , G. J. and De Flora , S. 2001 . Modulation of biomarkers by chemopreventive agents in smoke-exposed rats . Cancer Res , 61 : 2472 – 2479 .
  • Zenzes , M. T. , Bielecki , R. and Reed , T. E. 1999 . Detection of benzo(a)pyrene diol epoxide-DNA adducts in sperm of men exposed to cigarette smoke . Fertil Steril , 72 : 330 – 335 .
  • Zenzes , M. T. , Puy , L. A. , Bielecki , R. and Reed , T. E. 1999 . Detection of benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide-DNA adducts in embryos from smoking couples: evidence for transmission by spermatozoa . Mol Hum Reprod , 5 : 125 – 131 .
  • Peluso , M. , Merlo , F. , Munnia , A. , Valerio , F. , Perrotta , A. , Puntoni , R. and Parodi , S. 1998 . 32P-postlabeling detection of aromatic adducts in the white blood cell DNA of nonsmoking police officers. Cancer Epidemiol . Biomarkers Prev , 7 : 3 – 11 .
  • Wang , S. S. and Samet , J. M. 1997 . Tobacco smoking and cancer: the promise of molecular epidemiology . Salud Publica Mex , 39 : 331 – 345 .
  • Shen , S. , Zhang , F. , Zeng , S. and Zheng , J. 2009 . An approach based on liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry to detect diol metabolites as biomarkers of exposure to styrene and 1,3-butadiene . Anal Biochem , 386 : 186 – 193 .
  • Hecht , S. S. , Chen , M. , Yagi , H. , Jerina , D. M. and Carmella , S. G. 2003 . r-1,t-2,3,c-4-Tetrahydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrophenanthrene in human urine: a potential biomarker for assessing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolic activation . Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev , 12 : 1501 – 1508 .
  • Tannenbaum , S. R. , Skipper , P. L. , Wishnok , J. S. , Stillwell , W. G. , Day , B. W. and Taghizadeh , K. 1993 . Characterization of various classes of protein adducts . Environ Health Perspect , 99 : 51 – 55 .
  • Hecht , S. S. , Carmella , S. G. , Murphy , S. E. , Foiles , P. G. and Chung , F. L. 1993 . Carcinogen biomarkers related to smoking and upper aerodigestive tract cancer . J Cell Biochem Suppl , 17F : 27 – 35 .
  • Ehrenberg , L. and Tornqvist , M. 1992 . Use of biomarkers in epidemiology: quantitative aspects . Toxicol Lett , : 64 – 65 . Spec No, 485–492
  • Walker , V. E. , MacNeela , J. P. , Swenberg , J. A. , Turner , M. J. Jr. and Fennell , T. R. 1992 . Molecular dosimetry of ethylene oxide: formation and persistence of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)valine in hemoglobin following repeated exposures of rats and mice . Cancer Res , 52 : 4320 – 4327 .
  • Tornqvist , M. , Svartengren , M. and Ericsson , C. H. 1992 . Methylations in hemoglobin from monozygotic twins discordant for cigarette smoking: hereditary and tobacco-related factors . Chem Biol Interact , 82 : 91 – 98 .
  • Hecht , S. S. , Carmella , S. G. and Murphy , S. E. 1991 . Hemoglobin adducts as biomarkers of exposure to and metabolic activation of carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines . Biomed Environ Sci , 4 : 93 – 103 .
  • Bechtold , W. E. , Sun , J. D. , Wolff , R. K. , Griffith , W. C. , Kilmer , J. W. and Bond , J. A. 1991 . Globin adducts of benzo[a]pyrene: markers of inhalation exposure as measured in F344/N rats . J Appl Toxicol , 11 : 115 – 118 .
  • Osterman-Golkar , S. , Kautiainen , A. , Bergmark , E. , Hakansson , K. and Maki-Paakkanen , J. 1991 . Hemoglobin adducts and urinary mercapturic acids in rats as biological indicators of butadiene exposure . Chem Biol Interact , 80 : 291 – 302 .
  • Coghlin , J. , Gann , P. H. , Hammond , S. K. , Skipper , P. L. , Taghizadeh , K. , Paul , M. and Tannenbaum , S. R. 1991 . 4-Aminobiphenyl hemoglobin adducts in fetuses exposed to the tobacco smoke carcinogen in utero . J Natl Cancer Inst , 83 : 274 – 280 .
  • Bartsch , H. , Caporaso , N. , Coda , M. , Kadlubar , F. , Malaveille , C. , Skipper , P. , Talaska , G. , Tannenbaum , S. R. and Vineis , P. 1990 . Carcinogen hemoglobin adducts, urinary mutagenicity, and metabolic phenotype in active and passive cigarette smokers . J Natl Cancer Inst , 82 : 1826 – 1831 .
  • Skipper , P. L. and Tannenbaum , S. R. 1990 . The role of protein adducts in the study of chemical carcinogenesis . Prog Clin Biol Res , 340C : 301 – 310 .
  • Tannenbaum , S. R. 1990 . Hemoglobin-carcinogen adducts as molecular biomarkers in epidemiology . Princess Takamatsu Symp , 21 : 351 – 360 .
  • Wogan , G. N. 1989 . Markers of exposure to carcinogens . Environ Health Perspect , 81 : 9 – 17 .
  • Hecht , S. S. , Carmella , S. G. , Foiles , P. G. and Murphy , S. E. 1994 . Biomarkers for human uptake and metabolic activation of tobacco-specific nitrosamines . Cancer Res , 54 : 1912s – 1917s .
  • Myers , S. R. and Ali , M. Y. 2008 . Haemoglobin adducts as biomarkers of exposure to tobacco-related nitrosamines . Biomarkers , 13 : 145 – 159 .
  • Myers , S. R. and Ali , M. Y. 2007 . Determination of tobacco specific hemoglobin adducts in smoking mothers and new born babies by mass spectrometry . Biomark Insights , 2 : 269 – 282 .
  • Osterman-Golkar , S. , Peltonen , K. , Anttinen-Klemetti , T. H. H. , Landin Zorcec , V. and Sorsa , M. 1996 . Haemoglobin adducts as biomarkers of occupational exposure to 1,3-butadiene . Mutagenesis , 11 : 145 – 149 .
  • Ketelslegers , H. B. , Godschalk , R. W. , Eskens , B. J. , Dallinga , J. W. , Gottschalk , R. W. , van Schooten , F. J. , van Delft , J. H. and Kleinjans , J. C. 2009 . Potential role of cytochrome P450-1B1 in the metabolic activation of 4-aminobiphenyl in humans . Mol Carcinog , 48 : 685 – 691 .
  • Perez-Morales , R. , Castro-Hernandez , C. , Gonsebatt , M. E. and Rubio , J. 2008 . Polymorphism of CYP1A1*2C, GSTM1*0, and GSTT1*0 in a Mexican Mestizo population: a similitude analysis . Hum Biol , 80 : 457 – 465 .
  • Lacko , M. , Roelofs , H. M. , Te Morsche , R. H. , Voogd , A. C. , Oude Ophuis , M. B. , Peters , W. H. and Manni , J. J. 2008 . Microsomal epoxide hydrolase genotypes and the risk for head and neck cancer . Head Neck , 30 : 836 – 844 .
  • Lee , H. S. and Yang , M. 2008 . Applications of CYP-450 expression for biomonitoring in environmental health . Environ Health Prev Med , 13 : 84 – 93 .
  • Singh , R. , Sram , R. J. , Binkova , B. , Kalina , I. , Popov , T. A. , Georgieva , T. , Garte , S. , Taioli , E. and Farmer , P. B. 2007 . The relationship between biomarkers of oxidative DNA damage, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon DNA adducts, antioxidant status and genetic susceptibility following exposure to environmental air pollution in humans . Mutat Res , 620 : 83 – 92 .
  • Pandey , S. N. , Jain , M. , Nigam , P. , Choudhuri , G. and Mittal , B. 2006 . Genetic polymorphisms in GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, GSTM3 and the susceptibility to gallbladder cancer in North India . Biomarkers , 11 : 250 – 261 .
  • Hur , S. E. , Lee , J. Y. , Moon , H. S. and Chung , H. W. 2005 . Polymorphisms of the genes encoding the GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 in Korean women: no association with endometriosis . Mol Hum Reprod , 11 : 15 – 19 .
  • Roos , P. H. and Bolt , H. M. 2005 . Cytochrome P450 interactions in human cancers: new aspects considering CYP1B1 . Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol , 1 : 187 – 202 .
  • Nukui , T. , Day , R. D. , Sims , C. S. , Ness , R. B. and Romkes , M. 2004 . Maternal/newborn GSTT1 null genotype contributes to risk of preterm, low birthweight infants . Pharmacogenetics , 14 : 569 – 576 .
  • Sorensen , M. , Autrup , H. , Moller , P. , Hertel , O. , Jensen , S. S. , Vinzents , P. , Knudsen , L. E. and Loft , S. 2003 . Linking exposure to environmental pollutants with biological effects . Mutat Res , 544 : 255 – 271 .
  • Pavanello , S. and Clonfero , E. 2000 . Biological indicators of genotoxic risk and metabolic polymorphisms . Mutat Res , 463 : 285 – 308 .
  • Nakanishi , K. and Watanabe , C. 2009 . Single nucleotide polymorphisms of vascular endothelial growth factor gene intron 2 are markers for early progression of diabetic retinopathy in Japanese with type 1 diabetes . Clin Chim Acta , 402 : 171 – 175 .
  • Duale , N. , Bjellaas , T. , Alexander , J. , Becher , G. , Haugen , M. , Paulsen , J. E. , Frandsen , H. , Olesen , P. T. and Brunborg , G. 2009 . Biomarkers of human exposure to acrylamide and relation to polymorphisms in metabolizing genes . Toxicol Sci , 108 : 90 – 99 .
  • Bukvic , N. , Lovreglio , P. , Fanelli , M. , Susca , F. C. , Ballini , A. , Lastella , P. , Foa , V. , Fustinoni , S. , Soleo , L. and Guanti , G. 2009 . Influence of some detoxification enzyme polymorphisms on cytogenetic biomarkers between individuals exposed to very low doses of 1,3-butadiene . J Occup Environ Med , 51 : 811 – 821 .
  • Sorensen , M. , Allermann , L. , Vogel , U. , Andersen , P. S. , Jespersgaard , C. , Loft , S. and Raaschou-Nielsen , O. 2009 . Polymorphisms in inflammation genes, tobacco smoke and furred pets and wheeze in children . Pediatr Allergy Immunol , 20 : 614 – 623 .
  • Grazuleviciene , R. , Danileviciute , A. , Nadisauskiene , R. and Vencloviene , J. 2009 . Maternal smoking, GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphism and susceptibility to adverse pregnancy outcomes . Int J Environ Res Public Health , 6 : 1282 – 1297 .
  • Morales , E. , Sunyer , J. , Julvez , J. , Castro-Giner , F. , Estivill , X. , Torrent , M. and De Cid , R. 2009 . GSTM1 polymorphisms modify the effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on cognitive functioning in preschoolers . Int J Epidemiol , 38 : 690 – 697 .
  • Rodriguez-Guillen Mdel , R. , Torres-Sanchez , L. , Chen , J. , Galvan-Portillo , M. , Blanco-Munoz , J. , Anaya , M. A. , Silva-Zolezzi , I. , Hernandez-Valero , M. A. and Lopez-Carrillo , L. 2009 . Maternal MTHFR polymorphisms and risk of spontaneous abortion . Salud Publica Mex , 51 : 19 – 25 .
  • Planchard , D. , Loriot , Y. , Goubar , A. , Commo , F. and Soria , J. C. 2009 . Differential expression of biomarkers in men and women . Semin Oncol , 36 : 553 – 565 .
  • Chen , X. and Woodcroft , K. J. 2009 . Polymorphisms in metabolic genes CYP1A1 and GSTM1 and changes in maternal smoking during pregnancy . Nicotine Tob Res , 11 : 225 – 233 .
  • Lei , L. , Ye , L. , Liu , H. , Chen , C. , Fang , Z. , Wang , L. , Hu , Y. and Chen , D. 2008 . Passive smoking, cytochrome P450 gene polymorphisms and dysmenorrhea . Eur J Epidemiol , 23 : 475 – 481 .
  • Demir , A. , Altin , S. , Demir , I. , Koksal , V. , Cetincelik , U. and Dincer , I. 2005 . The role of CYP1A1 Msp1 gene polymorphisms on lung cancer development in Turkey . Tuberk Toraks , 53 : 5 – 9 .
  • Gonzalez , A. , Ramirez , V. , Cuenca , P. and Sierra , R. 2004 . [Polymorphisms in detoxification genes CYP1A1, CYP2E1, GSTT1 and GSTM1 in gastric cancer susceptibility] . Rev Biol Trop , 52 : 591 – 600 .
  • Tsai , H. J. , Liu , X. , Mestan , K. , Yu , Y. , Zhang , S. , Fang , Y. , Pearson , C. , Ortiz , K. , Zuckerman , B. , Bauchner , H. , Cerda , S. , Stubblefield , P. G. , Xu , X. and Wang , X. 2008 . Maternal cigarette smoking, metabolic gene polymorphisms, and preterm delivery: new insights on GxE interactions and pathogenic pathways . Hum Genet , 123 : 359 – 369 .
  • Wang , X. , Zuckerman , B. , Pearson , C. , Kaufman , G. , Chen , C. , Wang , G. , Niu , T. , Wise , P. H. , Bauchner , H. and Xu , X. 2002 . Maternal cigarette smoking, metabolic gene polymorphism, and infant birth weight . JAMA , 287 : 195 – 202 .
  • Inoue , H. , Kiyohara , C. , Marugame , T. , Shinomiya , S. , Tsuji , E. , Handa , K. , Hayabuchi , H. , Onuma , K. , Hamada , H. , Koga , H. and Kono , S. 2000 . Cigarette smoking, CYP1A1 MspI and GSTM1 genotypes, and colorectal adenomas . Cancer Res , 60 : 3749 – 3752 .
  • Pasanen , M. 1999 . The expression and regulation of drug metabolism in human placenta . Adv Drug Deliv Rev , 38 : 81 – 97 .
  • Marty , J. , Djomo , J. E. , Bekaert , C. and Pfohl-Leszkowicz , A. 1998 . Relationships between formation of micronuclei and DNA adducts and EROD activity in newts following exposure to benzo(a)pyrene . Environ Mol Mutagen , 32 : 397 – 405 .
  • Lazarus , P. , Sheikh , S. N. , Ren , Q. , Schantz , S. P. , Stern , J. C. , Richie , J. P. Jr. and Park , J. Y. 1998 . p53, but not p16 mutations in oral squamous cell carcinomas are associated with specific CYP1A1 and GSTM1 polymorphic genotypes and patient tobacco use . Carcinogenesis , 19 : 509 – 514 .
  • Pasanen , M. and Pelkonen , O. 1994 . The expression and environmental regulation of P450 enzymes in human placenta . Crit Rev Toxicol , 24 : 211 – 229 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.