870
Views
38
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

The Effectiveness in the Removal of PAHs from Aqueous Solutions in Physical and Chemical Processes: A Review

ORCID Icon &
Pages 292-313 | Received 02 Jun 2015, Accepted 05 Oct 2015, Published online: 11 Nov 2016

References

  • Macherzyński, B. and M. Włodarczyk-Makuła. “Extraction of PAH from Sewage Sludge from Coke Wastewater Separated (Ekstrakcja WWA z osadów wydzielonych ze ścieków koksowniczych).” Eng. Prot. Environ. 14, (2011): 333–43.
  • Nguyen, T. C., P. Loganathan, T. V. Nguyen, S. Vigneswaran, J. Kandasamy, D. Slee, G. Stevenson, and R. Naidu. “Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Road-deposited Sediments, Water Sediments, and Soils in Sydney, Australia: Comparisons of Concentration Distribution, Sources and Potential Toxicity.” Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 104, ( 2014): 339–48.
  • Jones, K. C. and P. De Voogt. “Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs): State of the Science.” Environ. Pollut. 100, no. 1 ( 1999): 209–21.
  • Tobiszewski, M. and J. Namieśnik. “PAH Diagnostic Ratios for the Identification of Pollution Emission Sources.” Environ. Pollut. 162, ( 2012): 110–19.
  • Devi, N. L., Q. Shihua, and I. C. Yadav. “Atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) in Manipur of the Northeast India: Monitoring on Urban, Rural, and Mountain Sites.” Polycycl. Aromat. Comp. 34, no. 1 ( 2014): 12–34.
  • Niño, L. R., R. J. Torres, A. A. Mozeto, and P. S. Fadini. “Using Urban Streams as Drinking Water: The Potential Risk in Respect to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Content in Sediments.” Polycycl. Aromat. Comp. 34, no. 5 ( 2014): 518–31.
  • Sánchez-Avila, J., J. Bonet, G. Velasco, and S. Lacorte. “Determination and Occurrence of Phthalates, Alkylphenols, Bisphenol A, PBDEs, PCBs and PAHs in an Industrial Sewage Grid Discharging to a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant.” Sci. Total Environ. 407, no. 13 ( 2009): 4157–67.
  • Lipińska, A., J. Kucharski, and J. Wyszkowska. “The Effect of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on the Structure of Organotrophic Bacteria and Dehydrogenase Activity in Soil.” Polycycl. Aromat. Comp. 34, no. 1 ( 2014): 35–53.
  • Lang, Y. H., X. Yang, H. Wang, W. Yang, and G. L. Li. “Diagnostic Ratios and Positive Matrix Factorization to Identify Potential Sources of PAHs in Sediments of the Rizhao Offshore, China.” Polycycl. Aromat. Comp. 33, no. 2 ( 2013): 161–72.
  • Tam, N. F. Y., L. Ke, X. H. Wang, and Y. S. Wong. “Contamination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Surface Sediments of Mangrove Swamps.” Environ. Pollut. 114, no. 2 ( 2001): 255–63.
  • Ramdine, G., D. Fichet, M. Louis, and S. Lemoine. “Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Surface Sediment and Oysters (Crassostrea rhizophorae) from Mangrove of Guadeloupe: Levels, Bioavailability, and Effects.” Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 79, ( 2012): 80–9.
  • Macherzyński, B., M. Włodarczyk-Makuła, and A. Nowacka. “Simplification of the Procedure of Preparing Samples for PAHs and PCBs Determination.” Arch. Environ. Prot. 38, no. 4 ( 2012): 23–33.
  • Johnson-Restrepo, B., J. Olivero-Verbel, S. Lu, J. Guette-Fernández, R. Baldiris-Avila, I. O'Byrne-Hoyos, K. M. Aldous, M. Addink, and K. Kannan. “Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Hydroxylated Metabolites in Fish Bile and Sediments from Coastal Waters of Colombia.” Environ. Pollut. 151, no. 3 ( 2008): 452–59.
  • Du, J., W. T. Mehler, M. J. Lydy, and J. You. “Toxicity of Sediment-associated Unresolved Complex Mixture and its Impact on Bioavailability of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons.” J. Hazard. Mater. 203, ( 2012): 169–75.
  • Aziz, F., J. H. Syed, R. N. Malik, A. Katsoyiannis, A. Mahmood, J. Li, G. Zhang, and K. C. Jones. “Occurrence of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Soan River, Pakistan: Insights into Distribution, Composition, Sources and Ecological Risk Assessment.” Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety. 109, ( 2014): 77–84.
  • Sieciechowicz, A., Z. Sadecka, S. Myszograj, M. Włodarczyk-Makuła, E. Wiśniowska, and A. Turek. “Occurrence of Heavy Metals and PAHs in Soil and Plants After Application of Sewage Sludge to Soil.” Desalin. Water Treat. 52, no. 19–21 ( 2014): 4014–26.
  • Viñas, L., M. A. Franco, J. A. Soriano, J. J. González, J. Pon, and J. Albaigés. “Sources and Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediments from the Spanish Northern Continental Shelf. Assessment of Spatial and Temporal Trends.” Environ. Pollut. 158, no. 5 ( 2010): 1551–60.
  • Zhang, K., J. Z. Wang, B. Liang, and E. Y. Zeng. “Occurrence of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Surface Sediments of a Highly Urbanized River System with Special Reference to Energy Consumption Patterns.” Environ. Pollut. 159, no. 6 (2011): 1510–15.
  • Sun, J. H., G. L. Wang, Y. Chai, G. Zhang, J. Li, and J. Feng. “Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Henan Reach of the Yellow River, Middle China.” Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 72, no. 5 ( 2009): 1614–24.
  • Yan, J., L. Wang, P. P. Fu, and H. Yu. “Photomutagenicity of 16 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from the US EPA Priority Pollutant List.” Mut. Res. Gen. Toxicol. Environ Mutagen. 557, no. 1 ( 2004): 99–108.
  • Clavijo, S., M. Fernández, R. Forteza, M. del Rosario Brunetto, and V. Cerdà. “Online Coupling Lab on Valve-dispersive Liquid–liquid Microextraction-multisyringe Flow Injection with Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometry for the Determination of Sixteen Priority PAHs in Water.” Anal. Methods. 6, no. 10 ( 2014): 3335–44.
  • Włodarczyk-Makuła, M. Quantitative Changes of PAHs in Wastewater Treatment and Sludge Processing (Zmiany ilościowe WWA podczas oczyszczania ścieków i przeróbki osadów). (Częstochowa: Czestochowa University of Technology Press (Wydawnictwo Politechniki Częstochowskiej), 2007), Monographs 126. ( In Polish).
  • Smol, M., M. Włodarczyk-Makuła, K. Mielczarek, J. Bohdziewicz, and D. Włóka. “The Use of Reverse Osmosis in the Removal of PAHs from Municipal Landfill Leachate.” Polycycl. Aromat. Comp. ( 2015a): 1–20. DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2014.957403.
  • Smol, M., M. Włodarczyk-Makuła, J. Bohdziewicz, K. Mielczarek, and D. Włóka. “Removal of Carcinogenic PAH from Industrial Effluents in the Integrated System: Coagulation and Reverse Osmosis (Usuwanie rakotwórczych WWA ze ścieków przemysłowych w układzie zintegrowanym: koagulacja – odwrócona osmoza).” Instal. 3, ( 2015b): 58–62. ( In Polish).
  • Min Cao, Q., H. Wang, J. Qiao Qin, G. Zhu Chen, and Y. Bei Zhang. “Partitioning of PAHs in Pore Water from Mangrove Wetlands in Shantou, China.” Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 111, ( 2015): 42–7.
  • Rivas, F. J. “Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Sorbed on Soils: A Short Review of Chemical Oxidation Based Treatments.” J. Hazard. Mater. 138, no. 2 ( 2006): 234–51.
  • Zhou, J. L. and K. Maskaoui. “Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water and Surface Sediments from Daya Bay, China.” Environ. Pollut. 121, no. 2 ( 2003): 269–81.
  • Pérez-Gregorio, M. R., M. S. García-Falcón, E. Martínez-Carballo, and J. Simal-Gándara. “Removal of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Organic Solvents by Ashes Wastes.” J. Hazard. Mater. 178, no. 1 ( 2010): 273–81.
  • Covino, S., M. Čvančarová, M. Muzikář, K. Svobodová, A. D'annibale, M. Petruccioli, F. Federici, Z. Křesinová, and T. Cajthaml. “An Efficient PAH-degrading Lentinus (Panus) Tigrinus Strain: Effect of Inoculum Formulation and Pollutant Bioavailability in Solid Matrices.” J. Hazard. Mater. 183, no. 1 ( 2010): 669–76.
  • Trably, E. and D. Patureau. “Successful Treatment of Low PAH-Contaminated Sewage Sludge in Aerobic Bioreactors.” Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 13, no. 3 ( 2006): 170–76.
  • Der Wiesche, C. I., R. Martens, and F. Zadrazil. “The Effect of Interaction Between White-rot Fungi and Indigenous Microorganisms on Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil.” Water Air Soil Pollut.: Focus. 3, no. 3 ( 2003): 73–9.
  • Zheng, Z. and J. P. Obbard. “Removal of Surfactant Solubilized Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Phanerochaete Chrysosporium in a Rotating Biological Contactor Reactor.” J. Biotechnol. 96, no. 3 ( 2002): 241–49.
  • Subashchandrabose, S. R., B. Ramakrishnan, M. Megharaj, K. Venkateswarlu, and R. Naidu. “Consortia of Cyanobacteriamicroalgae and Bacteria: Biotechnological Potential.” Biotechnol. Adv. 29, no. 6 (2011): 896–907.
  • Oller, I., S. Malato, and J. A. Sánchez-Pérez. “Combination of Advanced Oxidation Processes and Biological Treatments for Wastewater Decontamination—A Review.” Sci. Total Environ. 409, no. 20 (2011): 4141–66.
  • Tian, W., J. Bai, K. Liu, H. Sun, and Y. Zhao. “Occurrence and Removal of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Wastewater Treatment Process.” Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 82, ( 2012): 1–7.
  • Haritash, A. K. and C. P. Kaushik. “Biodegradation Aspects of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs): A Review.” J. Hazard. Mater. 169, no. 1 ( 2009): 1–15.
  • Włodarczyk-Makuła, M. “The Loads of PAHs in Wastewater and Sewage Sludge of Municipal Treatment Plant.” Polycycl. Aromat. Comp. 25, no. 2 ( 2005): 183–94.
  • García-Martínez, M. J., I. Da Riva, L. Canoira, J. F. Llamas, R. Alcántara, and J. L. R. Gallego. “Photodegradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Fossil Fuels Catalysed by Supported TiO2.” Appl. Catal. B Environ. 67, no. 3 ( 2006): 279–89.
  • Włodarczyk-Makuła, M., E. Wiśniowska, A. Turek, and A. Obstój. “Removal of PAHs from Coking Wastewater During Photodegradation Process.” Desalin. Water Treat. 57, no. 3 (2016): 1262–72. DOI: 10.1080/19443994.2014.996012.
  • Kulik, N., A. Goi, M. Trapido, and T. Tuhkanen. “Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Combined Chemical Pre-oxidation and Bioremediation in Creosote Contaminated Soil.” J. Environ. Manag. 78, no. 4 ( 2006): 382–91.
  • Jonker, M. T. and A. A. Koelmans. “Sorption of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Polychlorinated Biphenyls to Soot and Soot-like Materials in the Aqueous Environment: Mechanistic Considerations.” Environ. Sci. Technol. 36, no, 17 ( 2002): 3725–34.
  • Chang, B. V., L. C. Shiung, and S. Y. Yuan. “Anaerobic Biodegradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon in Soil.” Chemosphere. 48, no. 7 ( 2002): 717–24.
  • Traczewska, T. M. “Biotoxicity Microbiological Products of Anthracene and Phenanthrene Changes in the Water, and the Possibility of Their Removal (Biotoksyczność produktów mikrobiologicznych przemian antracenu i fenantrenu w wodzie oraz możliwość ich usuwania).” Scientific Papers of the Institute of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Technology (Prace Naukowe Instytutu Inżynierii Ochrony Środowiska Politechniki Wrocławskiej), Monographs 75, no. 42 ( 2003): 194. ( In Polish).
  • McNally, D. L., J. R. Mihelcic, and D. R. Lueking. “Biodegradation of Mixtures of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Under Aerobic and Nitrate-reducing Conditions.” Chemosphere. 38, no. 6 ( 1999): 1313–21.
  • Eriksson, M., E. Sodersten, Z. Yu, G. Dalhammar, and W. W. Mohn. “Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons at Low Temperature Under Aerobic and Nitrate-reducing Conditions in Enrichment Cultures from Northern Soils.” Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69, no. 1 ( 2003): 275–84.
  • Kobetičová, K., J. Bezchlebová, J. Lána, I. Sochová, and J. Hofman. “Toxicity of Four Nitrogen-Heterocyclic Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (NPAHs) to Soil Organisms.” Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 71, no. 3 ( 2008): 650–60.
  • Gensemer, R. W., D. G. Dixon, and B. M. Greenberg. “Amelioration of the Photo-induced Toxicity of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by a Commercial Humic Acid.” Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 39, no. 1 ( 1998): 57–64.
  • Kaleta, J. “The Coagulation Process in Removal of Selected Organic Pollutants from Aqueous Solutions (Proces koagulacji w usuwaniu wybranych zanieczyszczeń organicznych z roztworów wodnych). Scientific Papers of Rzeszów University of Technology.” Civil Environ. Eng. (Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Budownictwo i Inżynieria Środowiska). 42, ( 2007a): 41–51. ( In Polish)
  • Song, Z., C. J. Williams, and R. G. J. Edyvean. “Treatment of Tannery Wastewater by Chemical Coagulation.” Desalination. 164, no. 3 ( 2004): 249–59.
  • Smol, M., M. Włodarczyk-Makuła, J. Bohdziewicz, and K. Mielczarek. “The use of Integrated Mambrane Systems in the Removal of Selected Pollutants from Pre-treated Wastewater in Coke Plant, Monographs of the Environmental Engineering Committee Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw-Gliwice, Membranes and Membrane Processes in Environmental Protection.” 119 ( 2014b): 143–52.
  • Rui, L. M., Z. Daud, and A. A. A. Latif. “Treatment of Leachate by Coagulation-Flocculation using different Coagulants and Polymer: A Review.” Int. J. Adv. Sci., Eng. Inf. Technol. 2, no. 2 ( 2012): 1–4.
  • Smol, M., M. Włodarczyk-Makuła, J. Bohdziewicz, K. Mielczarek, and D. Włóka. “The use of Coagulation and Reverse Osmosis for the Removal of Pollutants from Industrial Wastewater (Zastosowanie koagulacji oraz odwróconej osmozy do usuwania zanieczyszczeń ze ścieków przemysłowych).” Monografia Interdyscyplinarne zagadnienia w inżynierii i ochronie środowiska, Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej, Wrocław, 4 ( 2014c): 747–59. ( in Polish)
  • Nowacka, A. and M. Włodarczyk-Makuła. “Removal of Selected Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Water in Coagulation Process (Usuwanie wybranych wielopierścieniowych węglowodorów aromatycznych z wody w procesie koagulacji).” Interdyscyplinarne Zagadnienia w Inżynierii i Ochronie Środowiska. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej. 4, ( 2014a): 593–607. ( in Polish)
  • Nowacka, A. and M. Włodarczyk-Makuła. “The use of the Coagulation Process for Removing 4-ring Aromatics Hydrocarbons from the Water (Zastosowanie procesu koagulacji do usuwania 4-pierścieniowych węglowodorów aromatycznych z wody).” Dokonania młodych naukowców. Nauki przyrodnicze i inżynieryjne. 2, ( 2014b): 332–36. ( in Polish)
  • Zhang, W., C. Wei, X. Chai, J. He, Y. Cai, M. Ren, and J. Fu. “The Behaviors and Fate of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a Coking Wastewater Treatment Plant.” Chemosphere. 88, no. 2 ( 2012): 174–82.
  • Ntainjua, E. and S. H. Taylor. “The Catalytic Total Oxidation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons.” Top. Catal. 52, no. 5 ( 2009): 528–41.
  • Kowal, A. L. and M. Świderska-Bróż. Water Purification. Theoretical and Technological Basis, Processes and Devices (Oczyszczanie wody. Podstawy teoretyczne i technologiczne, procesy i urządzenia) (Warszawa: PWN, 2007). In Polish
  • Brown, G. S., L. L. Barton, and B. M. Thomson. “Permanganate Oxidation of Sorbed Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons.” Waste Manage. 23, no. 8 ( 2003): 737–40.
  • Nam, K., Rodriguez, W., and J. J. Kukor. “Enhanced Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Biodegradation Combined with a Modified Fenton Reaction.” Chemosphere. 45, ( 2001): 11–20.
  • Flotron, V., C. Delteil, Y. Padellec, and V. Camel. “Removal of Sorbed Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Soil, Sludge and Sediment Samples using the Fenton's Reagent Process.” Chemosphere. 59, no. 10 ( 2005): 1427–37.
  • Veignie, E., C. Rafin, D. Landy, S. Fourmentin, and G. Surpateanu. “Fenton Degradation Assisted by Cyclodextrins of a High Molecular Weight Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Benzo [a] pyrene.” J. Hazard. Mater. 168, no. 2 ( 2009): 1296–1301.
  • Włodarczyk-Makuła, M. “Changes of PAHs Content in Wastewater During Oxidation Process (Zmiany ilościowe WWA w ściekach oczyszczonych podczas utleniania).” Ann. Set. Environ. Prot. (Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska). 13, (2011): 1093–104.
  • Turek, A. and M. Włodarczyk-Makuła. “The Use of Dihydrogendioxide to Remove Selected PAHs from Industrial Wastewater (Usuwanie WWA (C13-C16) ze ścieków przemysłowych z wykorzystaniem ditlenkudiwodoru).” Zeszyty Naukowe. Inżynieria Środowiska Uniwersytet Zielonogórski, 145, no. 25 ( 2012): 56–64.
  • Turek, A. and M. Włodarczyk-Makuła. “Removal of Priority PAHs from Coking Wastewater.” Civil Environ. Eng. Rep. 10, ( 2013): 139–47.
  • Turek, A. and M. Włodarczyk-Makuła. Removal of 3-ring Aromatichydrocarbons from Industrial Wastewater in the Process of Catalytic oxidation (Usuwanie 3-pierścieniowych węglowodorów aromatycznych ze ścieków przemysłowych w procesie katalitycznego utleniania). Monograph Interdisciplinary Issues in Engineering and Environmental Protection (Monografia Interdyscyplinarne zagadnienia w inżynierii i ochronie środowiska), Vol. 4 (Wroclaw University of Technology Press, Wroclaw 2014), 912–21 ( In Polish)
  • Zeng, Y. U., P. A. Hong, and D. A. Wavrek. “Chemical–biological Treatment of Pyrene.” Water Res. 34, no. 4 ( 2000): 1157–72.
  • Dąbrowska, D., A. Kot-Wasik, and J. Namieśnik. “Degradation of Organic Compounds in the Environment (Degradacja związków organicznych w środowisku).” Chem. Environ. Eng. (Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna). 10, ( 2002): 1077–83. ( In Polish).
  • Vilhunen, S., M. Vilve, M. Vepsäläinen, and M. Sillanpää. “Removal of Organic Matter from a Variety of Water Matrices by UV Photolysis and UVH2O2 Method.” J. Hazard. Mater. 179, no. 1 ( 2010): 776–82.
  • Shemer, H. and K. G. Linden. “Photolysis, Oxidation and Subsequent Toxicity of a Mixture of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Natural Waters.” J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 187, no. 2 ( 2007): 186–95.
  • Stepnowski, P., E. M. Siedlecka, P. Behrend, and B. Jaastorff. “Enhanced Photo-degradation of Contaminants in Petroleum Refinery Wastewater.” Water Res. 36, no. 9 ( 2002): 2167–72.
  • Little, C., M. J. Hepher, and M. El-Sharif. “The Sono-degradation of Phenanthrene in an Aqueous Environment.” Ultrasonics. 40, no. 1 ( 2002): 667–74.
  • Sirisaksoontorn, W., S. Thachepan, and A. Songsasen. “Photodegradation of Phenanthrene by N-doped TiO2 Photocatalyst.” J. Environ. Sci. Health, Part A. 44, no. 9 ( 2009): 841–46.
  • Miller, J. S. and D. Olejnik. “Photolysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water.” Water Res. 35, no. 1 ( 2001): 233–43.
  • Woo, O. T., W. K. Chung, K. H. Wong, A. T. Chow, and P. K. Wong. “Photocatalytic Oxidation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Intermediates Identification and Toxicity Testing.” J. Hazard. Mater. 168, no. 2 ( 2009): 1192–99.
  • Fasnacht, M. P. and N. V. Blough. “Aqueous Photodegradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons.” Environ. Sci. Technol. 36, no. 20 ( 2002): 4364–69.
  • Xia, X., G. Li, Z. Yang, Y. Chen, and G. H. Huang. “Effects of Fulvic Acid Concentration and Origin on Photodegradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Aqueous Solution: Importance of Active Oxygen.” Environ. Pollut. 157, no. 4 ( 2009): 1352–59.
  • Sanches, S., C. Leitão, A. Penetra, V. V. Cardoso, E. Ferreira, M. J. Benoliel, M. T. Barreto Crespo, and V. J. Pereira. “Direct Photolysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Drinking Water Sources.” J. Hazard. Mater. 192, no. 3 (2011): 1458–65.
  • Lehto, K. M., J. A. Puhakka, and H. Lemmetyinen. “Photodegradation Products of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water and Their Amenability to Biodegradation.” Polycycl. Aromat. Comp. 23, no. 4 ( 2003): 401–16.
  • Nadal, M., J. J. Wargent, K. C. Jones, N. D. Paul, M. Schuhmacher, and J. L. Domingo. “Influence of UV-B Radiation and Temperature on Photodegradation of PAHs: Preliminary Results.” J. Atmos. Chem. 55, no. 3 ( 2006): 241–52.
  • Niu, J., P. Sun, and K. W. Schramm. “Photolysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Associated with Fly ash Particles Under Simulated Sunlight Irradiation.” J. Photochem. Photobiol. 186, ( 2007): 93–8.
  • Beltran, F. J., G. Ovejero, J. M. Encinar, and J. Rivas. “Oxidation of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water. 1. Ozonation.” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 34, no. 5 ( 1995): 1596–1606.
  • Bertilsson, S. and A. Widenfalk. “Photochemical Degradation of PAHs in Freshwaters and Their Impact on Bacterial Growth–influence of Water Chemistry.” Hydrobiologia. 469, no. 1–3 ( 2002): 23–32.
  • Fasnacht, M. P. and N. V. Blough. “Kinetic Analysis of the Photodegradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Aqueous Solution.” Aquat. Sci. 65, no. 4 ( 2003): 352–58.
  • Grzechulska-Damszel, J., A. Orecki, S. Mozik, M. Tomaszewska, and A. W. Morawski. “Opportunities and Prospects for Water and Wastewater Treatment in the System Photocatalysismembrane Processes.” Chem. Ind. 85, ( 2006): 1011–14.
  • Lair, A., C. Ferronato, J. M. Chovelon, and J. M. Herrmann. “Naphthalene Degradation in Water by Heterogeneous Photocatalysis: An Investigation of the Influence of Inorganic Anions.” J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 193, no. 2 ( 2008): 193–203.
  • Smol, M., M. Włodarczyk-Makuła, and D. Włóka. “Adsorption of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHS) from Aqueous Solutions on Different Sorbents.” Civil Environ. Eng. Rep. 13, no. 2 ( 2014e): 87–96.
  • Long, C., J. Lu, A. Li, D. Hu, F. Liu, and Q. Zhang. “Adsorption of Naphthaleneonto the Carbon Adsorbent from Waste Ion Exchange Resin: Equilibrium and Kineticcharacteristics.” J. Hazard. Mater. 150, no. 3 ( 2008): 656–61.
  • Niu, J., Y. Dai, H. Guo, J. Xu, and Z. Shen. “Adsorption and Transformation of PAHs from Water by a Laccase-loadingspider-typereactor.” J. Hazard. Mater. 248, ( 2013): 254–60.
  • Dai, Y., J. Niu, L. Yin, J. Xu, and Y. Xi. “Sorption of Polycyclicaromatichydrocarbons on Electrospunnanofibrousmembranes: Sorptionkinetics and Mechanism.” J. Hazard. Mater. 192, no. 3 (2011): 1409–17.
  • Yang, K., L. Zhu, and B. Xing. “Adsorption of Polycyclicaromatichydrocarbons by Carbonnanomaterials.” Environ. Sci. Technol. 40, no. 6 ( 2006): 1855–61.
  • Changchaivong, S. and S. Khaodhiar. “Adsorption of Naphthalene and Phenanthrene on Dodecylpyridinium-modifiedbentonite.” Appl. Clay Sci. 43, no. 3 ( 2009): 317–21.
  • Owabor, C. N. and S. E. Agarry. “Batch Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies of Naphthalene and Pyrene Adsorption onto Coconut Shell as Low-cost Adsorbent.” Desalin. Water Treat. 52, no. 16–18 ( 2014): 3338–46.
  • Tran, V. S., H. H. Ngo, W. Guo, J. Zhang, S. Liang, C. Ton-That, and X. Zhang. “Typical Low Cost Biosorbents for Adsorptive Removal of Specific Organic Pollutants from Water.” Bioresour. Technol. 182, ( 2015): 353–63.
  • Euvrard, E., C. Druart, A. Poupeney, N. Crini, E. Vismara,   Torri,   Lanza, S. Gavoille, and G. Crini. “Grafted Cellulose for PAHs Removal Present in Industrial Discharge Waters.” EGU Gen. Assemb. Conf. Abstr. 16, ( 2014): 1742.
  • Gupta, V. K., B. Gupta, A. Rastogi, S. Agarwal, and A. Nayak. “A Comparative Investigation on Adsorption Performances of Mesoporous Activated Carbon Prepared from Waste Rubber Tire and Activated Carbon for a Hazardous Azo Dye—Acid Blue 113.” J. Hazard. Mater. 186, no. 1 (2011): 891–901.
  • Dąbek, L. and E. Ozimina. “The Oxidation of Organic Pollutants Adsorbed on Activated Carbons (Utlenianie zanieczyszczeń organicznych zaadsorbowanych na węglach aktywnych).” Prot. Environ. Natural Resour. (Ochrona Środowiska i Zasobów Naturalnych). 41, ( 2009): 427–36. ( In Polish).
  • Okoniewska, E., J. Lach, E. Ociepa, and L. Stępniak. “Removal of Selected Organic Compounds on Modified Activated Carbons.” EPE Environ. Prot. Eng. 39, no. 2 ( 2012): 135–44.
  • Kaleta, J. “Sorption Process in the Removal of Selected Organic Pollutants from Aqueous Solutions (Proces sorpcji w usuwaniu wybranych zanieczyszczeń organicznych z roztworów wodnych), Scientific Papers of Rzeszów University of Technology.” Civil Environ. Eng. (Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Budownictwo i Inżynieria Środowiska). 43, ( 2007b): 17–30.
  • Valderrama, C., X. Gamisans, X. De lasHeras, A. Farran, and J. L. Cortina. “Sorption Kinetics of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Removal using Granular Activated Carbon: Intraparticle Diffusion Coefficients.” J. Hazard. Mater. 157, no. 2 ( 2008): 386–96.
  • Szlachta, M. and W. Adamski. “The use of Powdered Activated Carbon Adsorption on Activated to Remove Dissolved Organic Matter from the Water (Wykorzystanie adsorpcji na pylistym węglu aktywnym do usuwania rozpuszczonych substancji organicznych z wody).” Environ. Prot. (Ochrona Środowiska). 31, no. 2 ( 2009): 61–6. ( in Polish)
  • Smol, M., M. Włodarczyk-Makuła, and D. Włóka. “The Effectiveness Adsorption of Carcinogenic PAHs on Mineral and on Organic Sorbents.” Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Zarządzania Ochroną Pracy w Katowicach. 1, no. 10 ( 2014d): 5–18.
  • Rafatullah, M., O. Sulaiman, R. Hashim, and A. Ahmad. “Adsorption of Methylene Blue on Low-cost Adsorbents: A Review.” J. Hazard. Mater. 177, no. 1 ( 2010): 70–80.
  • Walters, R. W. and R. G. Luthy. “Liquidsuspended Solid Phase Partitioning of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Coal Coking Wastewaters.” Water Res. 18, no. 7 ( 1984): 795–809.
  • Oleszczuk, P. “Sorption of Phenanthrene by Sewage Sludge During Composting in Relation to Potentially Bioavailable Contaminant Content.” J. Hazard. Mater. 161, ( 2009): 1330–37.
  • Smol, M. and M. Włodarczyk-Makuła. “Effectiveness in the removal of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from industrial Wastewater by Ultrafiltration Technique.” Arch. Environ. Prot. 38, no. 4 ( 2012): 49–58.
  • Smol, M., M. Włodarczyk-Makuła, K. Mielczarek, and J. Bohdziewicz. “Comparison of the Retention of Selected PAHs from Municipal Landfill Leachate by RO and UF Processes.” Desalin. Water Treat. 52, no. 19–21 ( 2014a): 3889–97.
  • Kong, H., J. He, Y. Gao, J. Han, and X. Zhu. “Removal of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Aqueous Solution on Soybean Stalk–based Carbon.” J. Environ. Qual. 40, no. 6 (2011): 1737–44.
  • Molenda, J. and J. Hojda. “Assessment of Effectiveness of the Removal of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Re-raffinate Mineral Oils Using Natural Inorganic Sorbent (Ocena efektywności usuwania wielopierścieniowych węglowodorów aromatycznych z rerafinatów mineralnych olejów przepracowanych za pomocą naturalnego sorbentu nieorganicznego).” Exploit. Prob. (Problemy Eksploatacji). 3 ( 2008): 189–96. ( In Polish)
  • Nkansah, M. A., A. A. Christy, T. Barth, and G. W. Francis. “The Use of Lightweight Expanded Clay Aggregate (LECA) as Sorbent for PAHs Removal from Water.” J. Hazard. Mater. 217, ( 2012): 360–65.
  • Wiessner, A., M. Remmler, P. Kuschk, and U. Stottmeister. “The Treatment of a Disposited Lignite Pyrolysis Wastewater by Adsorption Using Activated Carbon and Activated Coke.” Coll. Surf. Physicochem. Eng. Aspects. 139, ( 1998): 91–7.
  • Yuan, M., S. Tong, S. Zhao, and C. Q. Jia. “Adsorption of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Water Using Petroleum Coke-derived Porous Carbon.” J. Hazard. Mater. 181, no. 1 ( 2010): 1115–20.
  • Augulyte, L., D. Kliaugaite, V. Racys, D. Jankunaite, A. Zaliauskiene, P. A. Bergqvist, and P. L. Andersson. “Multivariate Analysis of a Biologically Activated Carbon (BAC) System and its Efficiency for Removing PAHs and Aliphatic Hydrocarbons from Wastewater Polluted with Petroleum Products.” J. Hazard. Mater. 170, no. 1 ( 2009): 103–10.
  • Chen, B., M. Yuan, and H. Liu. “Removal of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Aqueous Solution Using Plant Residue Materials as a Biosorbent.” J. Hazard. Mater. 188, no. 1 (2011): 436–42.
  • Stringfellow, W. T. and L. Alvarez-Cohen. “Evaluating the Relationship Between the Sorption of PAHs to Bacterial Biomass and Biodegradation.” Water Res. 33, ( 1999): 2535–44.
  • Ding, J., C. Bao Liang, and Z. Li Zhong Zhu. “Biosorption and Biodegradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Phanerochaete Chrysosporium in Aqueous Solution.” Chin. Sci. Bull. 58, no. 6 ( 2013): 613–21.
  • Bodzek, M. and K. Konieczny. “Membrane Techniques in the Removal of Inorganic Anionic Micropollutants from Water Environment – State of the Art.” Arch. Environ. Prot. 37, no. 2 (2011): 15–22.
  • Kabsch-Korbutowicz, M. “Ultrafiltration as a Method of Natural Organic Matter Separation From Water.” Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska (Annual Set the Environment Protection). 1, ( 2008): 17–27.
  • Klejnowski, K., B. Kozielska, A. Krasa, and W. Rogula-Kozłowska. “Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in PM1, PM2.5, PM10 and tsp in the Upper Silesian Agglomeration, Poland.” Arch. Environ. Prot. 36, no. 2 ( 2010): 65–72.
  • Dudziak, M., K. Luks – Betlej, and M. Bodzek. “Removal of PAHs from Water Using Membrane Processes.” Eng. Prot. Environ. 3–4, ( 2003a): 299–311.
  • Kabsch-Korbutowicz, M. and K. Majewska-Nowak. “Removal of Organic Micropollutants from Water by Ultrafiltration (Usuwanie mikrozanieczyszczeń organicznych z wody w procesie ultrafiltracji).” Ochrona Środowiska (Environmental Pollution Control, Journal of Polish Sanitary Enggineers' Association). 1, no. 68 ( 1999): 7–12. ( In Polish).
  • Dudziak, M., K. Luks– Betlej, A. Waniek, and M. Bodzek. “Ultrafiltration in Removing Toxic Organic Micropollutants from Natural Waters (Ultrafiltracja w usuwaniu toksycznych mikrozanieczyszczeń organicznych z wód naturalnych).” Chem. Inży. Ekol. S1 ( 2003b): 61–71. ( In Polish).
  • Smol, M., M. Włodarczyk-Makuła, and D. Włóka. “The Removal of Carcinogenic PAHs from the Leachate During the Ultrafiltration Process (Usuwanie kancerogennych WWA z odcieków składowiskowych w procesie ultrafiltracji).” CreativeTime - Wpływ młodych naukowców na osiągnięcia polskiej nauki, Nauki przyrodnicze, 8 ( 2014f): 2012–18. ( In Polish)
  • Bohdziewicz, J., M. Bodzek, and E. Wąsik. “The Application of Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration to the Removal of Nitrates from Groundwater.” Desalination. 121, no. 2 ( 1999): 139–47.
  • Konieczny, K. and M. Bodzek. “Advanced Membrane Techniques - Theory and Practice (Zaawansowane techniki membranowe – teoria i praktyka).” Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska (Engineering and Protection of Environment). 3–4, ( 2001): 413–57.
  • Smol, M., M. Włodarczyk-Makuła, and D. Włóka. “The use of Reverse Osmosis (RO) to Remove PAHs from Municipal Waste Water (Wykorzystanie procesu odwróconej osmozy (RO) do usunięcia WWA ze ścieków miejskich).” Conference proceedings, Wpływ Młodych Naukowców na Osiągnięcia Polskiej Nauki, Nowe Trendy w Naukach Inżynieryjnych, Kraków. ( 2012).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.