References
- Halldorsson , T. and Langerholc , J. 1978 . Thermodynamic Analysis of Laser Irradiation of Biological Tissue . App. Optics , 17 : 3948 – 3958 .
- Welch , A. J. , Wissler , E. H. and Priebe , L. A. 1980 . “ Significance of Blood Flow in Calculations of Temperature in Laser Irradiated Tissue ” . In IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 164 – 166 .
- Cummins , L. and Nauenberg , M. 1983 . Thermal Effects of Laser Radiation in Biological Tissue . Biophys. J. , 42 : 99 – 102 .
- Grossweiner , L. I. , AI-Karmi , A. M. , Johnson , P. W. and Brader , K. R. 1990 . Modeling of Tissue Heating with a Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser . Lasers Surg. Med. , 10 : 295 – 302 .
- Sagi , A. , Shitzer , A. , Katzir , A. and Akselrod , S. 1992 . Heating of Biological Tissue by Laser Irradiation: Theoretical Model . Opt. Eng. , 31 : 1417 – 1423 .
- Glenn , T. N. , Rastegar , S. and Jacques , S. L. 1996 . Finite Element Analysis of Temperature Controlled Coagulation in Laser-Irradiated Tissue . IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. , 43 : 79 – 86 .
- Director , L. B. , Frid , S. E. , Mendeleev , V. Y. and Scovorod'ko , S. N. 1998 . Computer Simulation of Heat and Mass Transfer in Tissue during High-intensity Long-Range Laser Irradiation . Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. , 858 : 56 – 65 .
- Shah , R. K. , Nemati , B. , Wang , L. V. and Shapshay , S. M. 2001 . Optical-Thermal Simulation of Tonsillar Tissue Irradiation . Lasers Surg. Med. , 28 : 313 – 319 .
- Torres , J. H. , Motamedi , M. , Pearce , J. A. and Welch , A. J. 1993 . Experimental Evaluation of Mathematical Models for Predicting the Thermal Response of Tissue to Laser Irradiation . Appl. Opt. , 32 : 597 – 606 .
- Beacco , C. M. , Mordon , S. R. and Brunetaud , J. M. 1994 . Development and Experimental in Vivo Validation of Mathematical Modeling of Laser Coagulation . Lasers Surg. Med. , 14 : 362 – 373 .
- Yamada , Y. , Tien , T. and Ohta , M. 1995 . “ Theoretical Analysis of Temperature Variation of Biological Tissues Irradiated by Light ” . In ASME/JSME Thermal Engineering Conference Vol. 4 , 575 – 581 .
- Sturesson , C. , Andersson-Engels , S. and Mathematical , A . 1995 . Model for Predicting the Temperature Distribution in Laser-Induced Hyperthermia: Experimental Evaluation and Applications . Phys. Med. Biol. , 40 : 2037 – 2052 .
- Pennes , H. H. 1948 . Analysis of Tissue and Arterial Blood Temperatures in the Resting Forearm . J. Appl. Physiol. , 1 : 93 – 122 .
- Roemer , R. B. 1990 . The Local Tissue Cooling Coefficient: A Unified Approach to Thermal Washout and Steady-State Perfusion Calculations . Int. J. Hyperthermia , 6 : 421 – 430 .
- Cheong , W. F. , Prahl , S. A. and Welch , A. J. 1990 . A Review of the Optical Properties of Biological Tissues . IEEE J. Quant. Electron. , 26 : 2166 – 2185 .
- Chato , J. C. 1980 . Heat Transfer to Blood Vessels . ASME J. Biomech. Eng. , 102 : 110 – 118 .
- Weinbaum , S. , Jiji , L. M. and New , A . 1985 . Simplified Bioheat Equation for the Effect of Blood Flow on Local Average Tissue Temperature . ASME J. Biomech. Eng. , 107 : 131 – 139 .
- Baish , J. W. , Ayyaswamy , P. S. and Foster , K. R. 1986 . Small-scale Temperature Fluctuations in Perfused Tissue during Local Hyperthermia . ASME J. Biomech. Eng. , 108 : 246 – 250 .
- Charny , C. K. and Levin , R. L. 1988 . Heat Transfer Normal to Paired Arterioles and Venules Embedded in Perfused Tissue During Hyperthermia . ASME J. Biomech. Eng. , 110 : 277 – 282 .
- Chen , Z. P. and Roemer , R. B. 1992 . The Effects of Large Blood Vessels on Temperature Distributions during Simulated Hyperthermia . ASME J. Biomech. Eng. , 114 : 473 – 481 .
- Kolios , M. C. , Sherar , M. D. and Hunt , J. W. 1995 . Large Blood Vessel Cooling in Heated Tissues: A Numerical Study . Phys. Med. Biol. , 40 : 477 – 494 .
- Weinbaum , S. , Xu , L. X. , Zhu , L. , Ekpene , A. and New , A . 1997 . Fundamental Bioheat Equation for Muscle Tissue: Part I—Blood Perfusion Term . ASME J. Biomech. Eng. , 119 : 278 – 288 .
- Craciunescu , O. I. , Samulski , T. V. , MacFall , J. R. and Clegg , S. T. 2000 . Perturbations in Hyperthermia Temperature Distributions Associated with Counter-current Flow: Numerical Simulations and Empirical Verification . IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. , 47 : 435 – 443 .
- Wilson , B. C. , Adam , G. and Monte , A . 1983 . Carlo Model of the Absorption and Flux Distributions of Light in Tissue . Med. Phys. , 10 : 824 – 830 .
- Ishimaru , A. 1978 . Wave Propagation and Scattering in Random Media , New York : Academic Press .
- Modest , M. F. 2003 . Radiative Heat Transfer , 2nd ed. , New York : Academic Press .
- Flock , S. T. , Patterson , M. S. , Wilson , B. C. and Wyman , D. R. 1989 . Monte Carlo Modeling of Light Propagation in Highly Scattering Tissues—I: Model Predications and Comparison with Diffusion Theory . IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. , 36 : 1162 – 1168 .
- Flock , S. T. , Wilson , B. C. and Patterson , M. S. 1989 . Monte Carlo Modeling of Light Propagation in Highly Scattering Tissues—II: Comparison with Measurements in Phantoms . IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. , 36 : 1169 – 1173 .
- Keijzer , M. , Jacques , S. L. , Prahl , S. A. and Welch , A. J. 1989 . Light Distributions in Artery Tissue: Monte Carlo Simulations for Finite-Diameter Laser Beams . Lasers Surg. Med. , 9 : 148 – 154 .
- Hasegawa , Y. , Yamada , Y. , Tamura , M. and Nomura , Y. 1991 . Monte Carlo Simulation of Light Transmission through Living Tissues . Appl. Opt. , 30 : 4515 – 4520 .
- Wang , L. , Jacques , S. L. and Zheng , L. 1995 . MCML—Monte Carlo Modeling of Light Transport in Multi-layered Tissues . Comput. Meth. Programs Biomed. , 47 : 131 – 146 .
- Jacques , S. L. and Wang , L. 1995 . “ Monte Carlo Modeling of Light Transport in Tissues ” . In Optical-Thermal Response of Laser-Irradiated Tissue , Edited by: Welch , A. J. and van Gemert , M. J. C. New York : Plenum Press .
- Welch , A. J. and Gardner , C. M. 1997 . Monte Carlo Model for Determination of the Role of Heat Generation in Laser-irradiated Tissue . ASME J. Biomech. Eng. , 119 : 489 – 495 .
- Henyey , J. G. and Greenstein , J. L. 1941 . Diffuse Radiation in the Galaxy . Astrophys. J. , 93 : 70 – 83 .
- Drain , L. E. 1980 . The Laser Doppler Technique , New York : Wiley .
- Patankar , S. V. 1980 . Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow , New York : Hemisphere .
- Liepsch , D. W. 1986 . Flow in Tubes and Arteries—A Comparison . Biorheology , 23 : 395 – 433 .
- Fung , Y. C. 1993 . Biomechanics—Mechanical Properties of Living Tissues , 2nd ed. , New York : Springer-Verlag .
- Kays , W. M. and Crawford , M. E. 1980 . Convective Heat and Mass Transfer , New York : McGraw-Hill .
- De Vahl Davis , G. and Jones , I. P. 1981 . “ Natural Convection in a Square Cavity—A Comparison Exercise ” . In Numerical Methods in Thermal Problems , Edited by: Lewis , R. W. , Morgan , K. and Schrefler , B. A. 552 – 572 . Swansea, , UK : Prineridge Press .
- Nilsson , H. and Nilsson , G. E. 1998 . Monte Carlo Simulations of the Light Interaction with Blood Vessels in Human Skin in the Red Wavelength Region . Proc. SPIE , 3252 : 44 – 53 .
- Hinghofer-Szalday , H. 1985 . Volume and Density Changes of Biological Fluids with Temperature . J. Appl. Physiol. , 59 : 1686 – 1689 .