179
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Development and Applications of Clean Coal Fluidized Bed Technology

&
Pages 1085-1097 | Published online: 21 Sep 2006

References

  • Akcura , F. and Gerger , M. 1982 . The characteristics of some important Turkish coals . Mineral Research and Exploration Institute (MTA) Report , Ankara (in Turkish),
  • Atakul , H. 1986 . The Behavior of Can Lignites in a Fluidized Bed Combustion Process , Ph.D. Thesis İstanbul, , Turkey : Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, İstanbul Technical University . (in Turkish)
  • Atakul , H. , Wakker , J. P. , Gerritsen , A. W. and van den Berg , P. J. 1996 . Regeneration of MnO/g-Al2O3 used for high temperature desulfurisation of fuel gases . Fuel , 75 ( 3 ) : 373 – 378 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Atilgan , I. 1997 . Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Tuncbilek Lignite in a Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustor , Ph. D. Thesis Ankara, , Turkey : Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Gazi University . (in Turkish)
  • Atimtay , A. 1980 . “ Combustion of volatile matter in fluidized beds ” . In Fluidization , Edited by: Garce , J. R. and Matsen , J. M. 159 – 166 . New York : Plenum Press .
  • AU, Ankara University . 2004 . Research Laboratories http://www.ankara.edu.tr
  • Bayram , A. , Muezzinoglu , A. and Ekinci , E . 1997 . Pah emissions from lignite combustion—Case study in a model fluidized bed combustor results with four types of Turkish (Soma) lignites . Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds , 12 ( 1 ) : 37 – 49 . [CSA]
  • Bazzuto , C. , Scheffknecht , G. and Fouilloux , J. P. Clean power generation technologies utilizing solid fuels . World Energy Council, Proceedings of 18th Energy Congress . October 20–25 , Buenos Aires, Argentina. 1.2 The Industry Players Perspective: Discussion Session 1
  • Biron , C. 1982 . The chemical and physical characteristics of Turkish coals and their reserves . Int. Coal Technologies Seminar , : 23 – 52 . İstanbul, Turkey[CSA]
  • Cao , B. L. and Feng , Y. K. 1984 . “ Technology of fluidized bed combustion boilers in China ” . In Fluidized Bed Combustion and Applied Technology , First International Symposium Edited by: Schwieger , R. G. 1 – 63 .
  • Ceylan , K. and Olcay , A. The distribution of the sulfur in some Turkish lignites . Proceeding of Fourth Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Symposium . Jun. 10–12 . pp. 598 – 599 . Firat University Elazig . in Turkish
  • Degirmenci , E. , Gogebakan , Y. and Selcuk , N. 2000 . Assessment of catalyst deactivation model for sulfur retention in fluidized bed combustors . Combustion Science and Technology , 153 : 95 – 111 . [CSA]
  • Desa BC (Boiler Company) . 2004 . Personal Communication Turkey
  • Ekinci , E. , Atakul , H. and Tolay , M. 1990 . Detection of segregation tendencies in a fluidized-bed using temperature profiles . Powder Technology , 61 ( 2 ) : 185 – 192 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Ekinci , E. , Pogson , B. and Fells , I. 1984 . Sulfur-dioxide capture by the inorganic matrix of a low-grade fuel in a fluidized-bed combustor . Journal of the Institute of Energy , 57 ( 432 ) : 368 – 372 . [CSA]
  • Ekinci , E. , Yalkin , G. , Atakul , H. and Senatalar , A. E. 1988a . The combustion of volatiles from some Turkish coals in a fluidized-bed . Journal of the Institute of Energy , 61 ( 449 ) : 189 – 191 . [CSA]
  • Ekinci , E. , Yardim , F. and Atakul , H. 1988b . Temperature profiles in a lignite flotsam rich fluidized bed . Fuel , 67 ( 2 ) : 191 – 197 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Ercikan , D. 1994 . Control of Pollutants Constituted by the Elbistan Lignite in a Fluidized Bed System , Ph. D. Thesis İstanbul, , Turkey : Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, İstanbul Technical University . in Turkish
  • Erdin , E. 2003 . A new system design for Kusadasi City Waste Incineration http://web.deu.edu.tr in Turkish
  • Eskin , N. 1990 . Dynamic Modelling of a Bubbling Fluidized Bed Coal Combustor and Second Law Analysis , Ph. D. Thesis İstanbul, , Turkey : Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, İstanbul Technical University . (in Turkish)
  • Eskin , N. and Kilic , A. 1995 . Calculation of steady-state operation characteristic of fluidized bed coal combustors . Bulletin of the Technical University of İstanbul (BTUIDZ) , 46 ( 1 ) : 11 – 36 . [CSA]
  • Eskin , N. and Kilic , A. 1996 . Estimation of cooling tube location in fluidized bed coal combustors through exergy analysis . Energy Conv. Mgmt , 37 ( 9 ) : 1453 – 1461 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Guruz , K. , Olcay , A. , Yurum , Y. , Bac , H. , Togrol , T. and Senel , A. 1987 . The investigation of liquefaction characteristics of Turkish lignites , TUBITAK Basic Sciences Research Group . Project No: 575/B (in Turkish)
  • Guruz , K. and Celebi , S. 1979 . Sulfur removal by pyrolysis of Turkish lignites . Fuel , 58 : 893 – 895 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Guvenilir , I. Y. 1984 . Distributor Plate Design in Fluidized Bed Combustors , M.Sc. Thesis İstanbul, , Turkey : Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, İstanbul Technical University . in Turkish
  • Hepbasli , A. 1998 . Investigation of the bubble behavior at the free surface of a large three-dimensional gas-fluidized bed . Int. J. Energy Research , 22 ( 10 ) : 885 – 909 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Hepbasli , A. 2004a . Coal as an energy source in Turkey . Energy Sources , 26 ( 1 ) : 55 – 63 . [CSA]
  • Hepbasli , A. 2004b . Oil shale as an alternative energy source in Turkey . Energy Sources , 26 ( 2 ) : 107 – 118 . [CSA]
  • Hepbasli , A. , Akdeniz , R. C. , Vardar-Sukan , F. and Oktay , Z. 2003 . Utilization of olive cake as a potential energy source in Turkey . Energy Sources , 25 ( 5 ) : 405 – 417 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • ITU, İstanbul Technical University . 2004 . Research Laboratories http://www.itu.edu.tr
  • Kahraman , N. and Hepbasli , A. Application of fluidized bed systems in industrial plants and analysis of its results . Proceedings of Seventh National Thermal Science and Technology Congress . İzmir. pp. 56 – 65 . (in Turkish)
  • Karatepe , N. and Kucukbayrak , S. 1993 . Proximate analysis of some Turkish lignites by Thermogravimetry . Thermochimica Acta , 213 : 147 – 150 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Kilkis , B. The hydrodynamic influence of a cylindrical machine with horizontal axis on the heat transfer in a fluidized bed . Proceedings of TUBITAK Fifth Science Congress . pp. 159 – 170 . Gebze : TUBITAK .
  • Kilkis , B. Fluidized bed heat exchanger: Theory and practice . Proceedings of Advanced Study Institute on Heat Exchanger, Thermal-Hydraulic Fundamentals and Design . İstanbul. pp. 1 – 23 .
  • Kose , R. 1995 . Modeling of Combustion in Fluidized Bed and Adaptation to Turkish Lignites , Ph. D. Thesis İstanbul, , Turkey : Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Yildiz Technical University . in Turkish
  • Kucuk , A. , Kadioglu , Y. and Gulaboglu , M. S. 2003 . A study of spontaneous combustion characteristics of a Turkish lignite: Particle size, moisture of coal, humidity of air . Combustion and Flame , 133 ( 3 ) : 255 – 261 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Kucukbayrak , S. 1984 . The Application of Different Desulfurisation Methods to Some Turkish Lignites , Ph. D. Thesis İstanbul, , Turkey : Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, İstanbul Technical University . in Turkish
  • Kucukonder , A. , Cam , H. , Kucukonder , E. and Sogut , O. 2003 . Qualitative and quantitative analysis of lignite coal and its ash samples taken from Soma-Darkale region . Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer , 77 ( 3 ) : 329 – 333 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • McKenzie , E. C. 1978 . Burning coal in fluidized bed . Chemical Engineering , 85 ( 18 ) : 116 – 127 . [CSA]
  • MTA, Mineral Research and Exploration Institute . 2001 . Coal Inventory of Turkey (in Turkish)
  • MTA, Mineral Research and Exploration Institute . 2004 . http://www.mta.gov.tr
  • METU, Middle East Technical University . 2004 . Chemical Engineering Department-Fluidization Laboratories http://www.metu.edu.tr
  • Ozbas , K. E. , Hicyilmaz , C. and Kok , M. V. 2002 . The effect of lime addition on the combustion properties and sulfur contents of three different coals . Energy Sources , 24 ( 7 ) : 643 – 652 . [CSA]
  • Ozden , G. 1983 . The Influence of the Distributor Plate on Fluidization in a Fluidized Bed of Small Diameter , M.Sc. Thesis İstanbul, , Turkey : Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, İstanbul Technical University . in Turkish
  • Ozer , A. 2003 . The characteristics of phosphate rock for upgrading in a fluidized bed . Advanced Powder Technology , 14 ( 1 ) : 33 – 42 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Ozer , A. K. , Gulaboglu , M. S. , Bayrakceken , S. and Weisweiler , W. 2002 . Flue gas desulfurisation with phosphate rock in a fluidized bed . Fuel , 81 ( 1 ) : 41 – 49 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Ozkaynak , T. and Chen , J. C. 1980 . Emulsion phase residence time and its use in heat-transfer models in fluidized beds . AICHE Journal , 26 ( 4 ) : 544 – 550 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Rice , R. L. , Shang , J. Y. and Ayers , W. J. Fluidized bed combustion of North Dakota lignite . Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Fluidized Combustion . April 9–11 . Vol. 3 , pp. 211 – 219 . Atlanta, Georgia : Technical Sessions .
  • Selcuk , N. and Kirmizigul , U. 1991 . Characteristics of a Fluidized Bed Combustor burning low-quality lignite . J. of Ins. Energy , 64 ( 460 ) : 151 – 156 . [CSA]
  • Selcuk , N. , Degirmenci , E. and Gogebakan , Y. 2003 . Modeling of a bubbling AFBC with volatiles release . Journal of Energy Resources Technology—Transactions of the ASME , 125 ( 1 ) : 72 – 81 . [CSA]
  • Selcuk , N. , Oymak , O. and Onal , I. 1993 . The simulation of atmospheric fluidized bed combustors with in-situ desulfurisation . Journal of the Institute of Energy , 66 ( 469 ) : 159 – 168 . [CSA]
  • Sener , M. , Senguler , I. and Kok , M. V. 1995 . Geological considerations for the economic evaluation of oil shale deposits in Turkey . Fuel , 74 ( 7 ) : 999 – 1003 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Senguler , I. Lignite and power plants in Turkey . Proceedings of Eight Energy Congress . Ankara. pp. 23 – 34 . in Turkish
  • Senguler , I. Lignite and thermal power plants for sustainable development in Turkey . World Energy Council, Proceedings of 18 th Energy Congress . October 20–25 , Buenos Aires, Argentina. 1.2 The Industry Players Perspective: Discussion Session 1.
  • SPO, State Planning Organization . 2001 . Energy , Eighth Five Year Development Plan. Report of private specialization commission Ankara, , Turkey : SPO . (in Turkish). Publication no. 2610
  • Stubington , J. F. 1985 . Comparison of techniques for measuring the temperature of char particles burning in fluidized beds . Chemical Engineering Research and Development , 63 : 241 – 249 . [CSA]
  • Teknotes Inc. 2004 . Canakkale Can Fluidized Bed Thermal Power Plant http://www.teknotesltd.com.tr/teknotesltdsti/eng/
  • Teoman , Y. Factors influencing the heat transfer between heat transfer surfaces in a gas fluidized bed . Proceedings of Fifth National Thermal Science and Technology Congress . İstanbul, Turkey. pp. 633 – 642 . (in Turkish)
  • TKI . 2003 . Turkish Lignite Enterprise Coal. http://www.tki.gov.tr
  • Tolay , M. 1994 . Detection of Segregation Tendencies in a Fluidized-Bed Using Temperature Profiles , Ph. D. Thesis İstanbul, , Turkey : Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, İstanbul Technical University . in Turkish
  • Topal , H. 1999 . Experimental Analysis of Hydrodynamic, Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Circulating Fluidized Bed Coal Combustor , Ph. D. Thesis Ankara, , Turkey : Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Gazi University . (in Turkish)
  • Topal , H. , Atimtay , A. and Durmaz , A. 2003 . Olive cake combustion in a circulating fluidized bed . Fuel , 82 ( 9 ) : 1049 – 1056 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • TUBITAK-MESAB . 2004 . Turkish Scientific and Technical Research Council-Mechanical and Energy Department , Research Areas and Laboratories . http://www.tubitak.gov.tr
  • Urkan , M. K. 1990 . Combustion of Turkish Coals and Modelling of Volatile Matter Behavior in Fluidized Bed Combustors , Ph.D. Thesis İstanbul, , Turkey : Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Yildiz Technical University . (in Turkish)
  • Vural , H. and Heperkan , H. Using a double distributor plate in fluidized beds . Proceedings of Fifth National Thermal Science and Technology Congress . İstanbul, Turkey. pp. 621 – 632 . (in Turkish)
  • WEC-TNC, World Energy Council-Turkish National Committee . 2003 . 2002 Energy Report Ankara, , Turkey : WEC-TNC .
  • Whateley , M. K. G. and Tuncali , E. 1995 . Quality variations in the high-sulfur lignite of the Neogene Beypazari Basin, Central Anatolia, Turkey . International Journal of Coal Geology , 27 ( 2–4 ) : 131 – 151 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Yaman , S. , Ersoymeriçboyu , A. and Kucukbayrak , S. 1997 . Sulfur removal from lignite by oxydesulphurisation using fly ash . Fuel Science and Technology International , 13 ( 1 ) : 49 – 58 . [CSA]
  • Yates , J. G. and Walker , P. R. 1978 . “ Particle temperature in a fluidized bed combustor ” . In Fluidization , Edited by: Davidson , J. F. and Keairns , O. L. 241 – 245 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Yildiz BC (Boiler Company) . 2004 . Personal Communication Turkey

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.