Numerical simulation of oscillatory flow and heat transfer in pulsating heat pipes with multi-turns using OpenFOAM

References

• S. Khandekar, N. Dollinger, and M. Groll, “Understanding operational regimes of closed loop pulsating heat pipes: An experimental study,” Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 707–719, 2003. DOI: 10.1016/S1359-4311(02)00237-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P. Charoensawan, S. Khandekar, M. Groll, and P. Terdtoon, “Closed loop pulsating heat pipes part A: Parametric experimental investigations,” Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 23, no. 16, pp. 2009–2020, 2003. DOI: 10.1016/S1359-4311(03)00159-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Wang and S. Nishio, “Study on miniature oscillating heat pipes,” J. Enhanced Heat Transf., vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 175–187, 2007. DOI: 10.1615/JEnhHeatTransf.v14.i2.70.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P. Charoensawan and P. Terdtoon, “Thermal performance of horizontal closed-loop oscillating heat pipes,” Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 28, no. 5–6, pp. 460–466, 2008. DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2007.05.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. B. Shafii, S. Arabnejad, Y. Saboohi, and H. Jamshidi, “Experimental investigation of pulsating heat pipes and a proposed correlation,” Heat Transf. Eng., vol. 31, no. 10, pp. 854–861, 2010. DOI: 10.1080/01457630903547636.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C. Y. Tseng, K. S. Yang, K. H. Chien, M. S. Jeng, and C. C. Wang, “Investigation of the performance of pulsating heat pipe subject to uniform/alternating tube diameters,” Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci., vol. 54, pp. 85–92, 2014. DOI: 10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2014.01.019.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. L. Rahman, S. Nawrin, R. A. Sultan, F. Mir, and M. Ali, “Effect of fin and insert on the performance characteristics of close loop pulsating heat pipe (CLPHP),” Procedia Eng., vol. 105, pp. 129–136, 2015. DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.05.020.
   Google Scholar
• D. Bastakoti, H. Zhang, W. Cai, and F. Li, “An experimental investigation of thermal performance of pulsating heat pipe with alcohols and surfactant solutions,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., vol. 117, pp. 1032–1040, 2018. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.10.075.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D. A. Baitule and P. R. Pachghare, “Experimental analysis of closed loop pulsating heat pipe with variable filling ratio,” Int. J. Mech. Eng. Robotics Res., vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 113–121, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• P. R. Pachghare and A. M. Mahalle, “Thermo-hydrodynamics of closed loop pulsating heat pipe: An experimental study,” J. Mech. Sci. Technol., vol. 28, no. 8, pp. 3387–3394, 2014. DOI: 10.1007/s12206-014-0751-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. B. Ma et al., “Effect of nanofluid on the heat transport capability in an oscillating heat pipe,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 88, no. 14, pp. 143116, 2006. DOI: 10.1063/1.2192971.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Wang, Z. Lin, W. Zhang, and J. Chen, “Experimental study on pulsating heat pipe with functional thermal fluids,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., vol. 52, no. 21–22, pp. 5276–5279, 2009. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2009.04.033.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. R. Riehl and N. D. Santos, “Water-copper nanofluid application in an open loop pulsating heat pipe,” Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 42, pp. 6–10, 2012. DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2011.01.017.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K. Jahani, M. Mohammadi, M. B. Shafii, and Z. Shiee, “Promising technology for electronic cooling: Nanofluidic micro pulsating heat pipes,” J. Electron. Packag., vol. 135, no. 2, pp. 021005, 2013. DOI: 10.1115/1.4023847.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• V. K. Karthikeyan, K. Ramachandran, B. C. Pillai, and A. B. Solomon, “Effect of nanofluids on thermal performance of closed loop pulsating heat pipe,” Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci., vol. 54, pp. 171–178, 2014. DOI: 10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2014.02.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Mohammadi, M. Mohammadi, and M. B. Shafii, “Experimental inverstigation of a pulsating heat pipe using ferrofluid (magnetic nanofluid),” Trans. ASME J. Heat Transf., vol. 134, no. 1, pp. 014504, 2012. DOI: 10.1115/1.4004805.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Mohammadi, M. Mohammadi, A. R. Ghahremani, M. B. Shafii, and N. Mohammadi, “Experimental investigation of thermal resistance of a ferrofluidic closed-loop pulsating heat pipe,” Heat Transf. Eng., vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 25–33, 2014. DOI: 10.1080/01457632.2013.810086.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y. Hu, T. Liu, X. Li, and S. Wang, “Heat transfer enhancement of micro oscillating heat pipes with self-rewetting fluid,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., vol. 70, pp. 496–503, 2014. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2013.11.031.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Cecere et al., “Experimental analysis of a flat plate pulsating heat pipe with self-rewetting fluids during a parabolic flight campaign,” Acta Astronaut. (U.K.), vol. 147, pp. 454–461, 2018. DOI: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2018.03.045.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• X. H. Wang, H. C. Zheng, M. Q. Si, X. H. Han, and G. M. Chen, “Experimental investigation of the influence of surfactant on the heat transfer performance of pulsating heat pipe,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., vol. 83, pp. 586–590, 2015. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2014.12.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Mameli, M. Marengo, and S. Khandekar, “Local heat transfer measurement and thermos-fluid characterization of a pulsating heat pipe,” Int. J. Therm. Sci., vol. 75, pp. 140–152, 2014. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2013.07.025.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. H. Kwon and S. J. Kim, “Operational characteristics of pulsating heat pipes with a dual-diameter tube,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., vol. 75, pp. 184–195, 2014. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2014.03.032.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. H. Kwon and S. J. Kim, “Experimental investigation on the thermal performance of a micro pulsating heat pipe with a dual-diameter channel,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., vol. 89, pp. 817–828, 2015. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2015.05.091.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Jun and S. J. Kim, “Comparison of the thermal performances and flow characteristics between closed-loop and closed-end micro pulsating heat pipes,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., vol. 95, pp. 890–901, 2016. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2015.12.064.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. Yang, S. Khandekar, and M. Groll, “Operational limit of closed loop pulsating heat pipes,” appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 49–59, 2008. DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2007.01.033.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Ebrahimi, M. B. Shafii, and M. A. Bikarchi, “Experimental investigation of the thermal management of flat-plate closed-loop pulsating haet pipes with interconnecting channels,” Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 90, pp. 838–847, 2015. DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.07.040.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Mameli, M. Marengo, and S. Zinna, “Numerical model of a multi-turn closed loop pulsating heat pipe: Effects of the local pressure losses due to meanderings,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 1036–1047, 2012. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2011.10.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Z. Lin, S. Wang, J. Chen, J. Huo, Y. Hu, and W. Zhang, “Experimental study on effective range of miniature oscillating heat pipes,” Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 880–886, 2011. DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2010.11.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. Wang, H. Ma, and Q. Zhu, “Effects of the evaporator and condenser length on the performance of pulsating heat pipes,” Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 91, pp. 1018–1025, 2015. DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.08.106.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K. S. Yang, Y. C. Cheng, M. C. Liu, and J. C. Shyu, “Micro pulsating heat pipes with alternate microchannel widths,” Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 83, pp. 131–138, 2015. DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.03.020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• E. Jiaqiang, X. Zhao, H. Liu, J. Chen, W. Zuo, and Q. Peng, “Field synergy analysis for enhancing heat transfer capability of a novel narrow-tube close oscillating heat pipe,” Appl. Energy, vol. 175, pp. 218–228, 2016. DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.05.028.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• W. Kim and S. J. Kim, “Effect of reentrant cavities on the thermal performance of a pulsating heat pipe,” Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 133, pp. 61–69, 2018. DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.01.027.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D. Xu, T. Chen, and Y. Xuan, “Thermo-hydrodynamics analysis of vapor-liquid two-phase flow in the flat-plate pulsating heat pipe,” Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf., vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 504–508, 2012. DOI: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2012.02.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Z. Lin, S. Wang, R. Shirakashi, and L. W. Zhange, “Simulation of a miniature oscillating heat pipe in bottom heating mode using CFD with unsteady modeling,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 642–656, 2013. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2012.09.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• W. Jiansheng, W. Zhenchuan, and L. Meijun, “Thermal performance of pulsating heat pipes with different heating patterns,” Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 64, no. 1–2, pp. 209–212, 2014. DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2013.12.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• E. Jiaqiang, X. Zhao, Y. Deng, and H. Zhu, “Pressure distribution and flow characteristics of closed oscillating heat pipe during the starting process at different vacuum degrees,” Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 93, pp. 166–173, 2016. DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.09.060.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. M. Pouryoussefi and Y. Zhang, “Numerical investigation of chaotic flow in a 2D closed-loop pulsating heat pipe,” Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 98, pp. 617–627, 2016. DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.12.097.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. M. Pouryoussefi and Y. Zhang, “Nonlinear analysis of chaotic flow in a three-dimensional closed-loop pulsating heat pipe,” Trans. ASME J. Heat Transf., vol. 138, no. 12, pp. 122003, 2016.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. M. Pouryoussefi and Y. Zhang, “Analysis of chaotic flow in a 2D multi-turn closed-loop pulsating heat pipe,” Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 126, pp. 1069–1076, 2017. DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.01.097.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y. Li, F. Qi, H. Guo, Z. Guo, G. Xu, and J. Liu, “Numerical investigation of thermal runaway propagation in a Li-ion battery module using the heat pipe cooling system,” Numeric. Heat Transf. Part A: Appl., vol. 75, no. 3, pp. 183–199, 2019. DOI: 10.1080/10407782.2019.1580956.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F. Dong, Z. Wang, T. Cao, and J. Ni, “A novel interphase mass transfer model toward the VOF simulation of subcooled flow boiling,” Numeric. Heat Transf. Part A: Appl., vol. 76, no. 4, pp. 220–231, 2019. DOI: 10.1080/10407782.2019.1627838.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. Haider, “Numerical modelling of evaporation and condensation phenomena,” Master Thesis, University of Stuttgart, Germany, 2013, pp. 8–13.
   Google Scholar
• S. C. K. D. Schepper, G. J. Heynderickx, and G. B. Marin, “Modeling the evaporation of a hydrocarbon feedstock in the convection section of a steam cracker,” Comput. Chem. Eng., vol. 33, pp. 122–132, 2009. DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2008.07.013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K. Kafeel and A. Turan, “Axi-symmetric simulation of a two phase vertical thermosyphon using Eulerian two-fluid methodology,” Heat Mass Transf., vol. 49, no. 8, pp. 1089–1099, 2013. DOI: 10.1007/s00231-013-1155-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C. J. Greenshields, OpenFOAM User Guide (version 5.0). England: OpenFOAM Foundation, 2017, pp. 93–94.
   Google Scholar