REFERENCES
- Cadle , R. D. 1965 . Particle Size , New York : Reinhold .
- Allen , T. 1975 . Particle Size Measurement , London : Chapman & Hall . 2nd ed
- Collins , E. A. , Davidson , J. A. and Daniels , C. A. 1975 . Review of common methods of particle size measurement . J. Paint Technol. , 47 : 35
- Krebs , V. K. F. and Wunderlich , W. 1971 . Die ermittlung der teilchengrobenverteilung von polymer-dispersionen durch gelchromatographie . Angew. Makromol. Chem. , 20 : 203
- Small , H. 1976 . Hydrodynamic chromatography, a technique for size analysis of colloidal particles . J. Colloid Interface Sci. , 57 : 337
- Yau , W. W. , Kirkland , J. J. and Bly , D. D. 1979 . Modern Size-Exclusion Liquid Chromatography , New York : John Wiley & Sons .
- Flory P. J. , Principles of Polymer Chemistry , Cornell University Press , 1953 , chap. 14 .
- Friis , N. and Hamielec , A. 1975 . “ Gel permeation chromatography: a review of axial dispersion phenomena, their detection, and correction ” . In Advances in Chromatography , Edited by: Giddings , J. C. , Grushka , E. , Keller , R. A. and Cazes , J. Vol. 13 , 41 New York : Marcel Dekker .
- McHugh , A. J. , Nagy , D. J. and Silebi , C. A. 1980 . “ Particle size analysis by chromatography ” . In Size Exclusion Chromatography (GPC) , Edited by: Provder , T. 1 Washington, D.C. : American Chemical Society . ACS Symp. Ser. 138
- Small , H. , Saunders , F. L. and Sole , J. 1976 . Hydrodynamic chromatography. A new approach to particle size analysis . Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. , 6 : 237
- Pedersen , K. O. 1962 . Exclusion chromatography . Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , 1 : 157 Suppl.
- DiMarzio , E. A. and Guttman , C. M. 1970 . Separation by flow . Macromolecules , 3 : 131
- Guttman , C. M. and DiMarzio , E. A. 1970 . Separation by flow. II. Application to gel permeation chromatography . Macromolecules , 3 : 681
- Verhoff , F. H. and Sylvester , N. D. 1970 . Hydrodynamic fractionation of macromolecules. I. A simple theory . J. Macromol. Sci.-Chem. , A4 ( 4 ) : 979
- Ruckenstein , E. and Prieve , D. C. 1976 . Adsorption and desorption of particles and their chromatographic separation . AIChE J. , 22 : 276
- Ruckenstein , E. , Marmur , A. and Gill , W. N. 1977 . Feasibility of colloidal particles separation by potential barrier chromatography . J. Colloid Interface Sci. , 61 : 183
- Coll , H. and Fague , G. R. 1980 . Liquid exclusion chromatography of colloidal dispersions . J. Colloid Interface Sci. , 76 : 116
- Singh , S. and Hamielec , A. E. 1978 . Liquid exclusion chromatography. A technique for monitoring the growth of polymer particles in emulsion polymerization . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. , 22 : 577
- Mullins , M. E. and Orr , C. 1979 . Particle sizing by capillary hydrodynamic chromatography . Int. J. Multiphase Flow , 5 : 79
- Noel , R. J. , Gooding , K. M. , Regnier , F. E. , Ball , D. M. , Orr , C. and Mullins , M. E. 1978 . Capillary hydrodynamic chromatography . J. Chromatogr. , 166 : 373
- Giddings , J. C. , Yang , F. J. and Myers , M. N. 1976 . Theoretical and experimental characterization of flow field-flow fractionation . Anal. Chem. , 48 : 1126
- Giddings , J. C. , Fisher , S. R. and Myers , M. N. 1978 . Field-flow fractionation. One phase chromatography for macromolecules and particles . Am. Lab. , 10 : 15
- Giddings , J. C. , Myers , M. N. and Moellmer , J. F. 1978 . Fine-particle separation and characterization by field-flow fractionation . J. Chromatogr. , 149 : 501
- Stoisits , R. F. , Poehlein , G. W. and Vanderhoff , J. W. 1976 . Mathematical modelling of hydrodynamic chromatography . J. Colloid Interface Sci. , 57 : 337
- McHugh , A. J. , Silebi , C. , Poehlein , G. W. and Vanderhoff , J. W. 1976 . Hydrodynamic chromatography of latex particles . J. Colloid Interface Sci. , 4 : 549
- Silebi , C. A. and McHugh , A. J. 1978 . An analysis of flow separation in hydrodynamic chromatography of polymer latexes . AIChE J. , 24 : 204
- McGowan , G. R. and Langhorst , M. A. 1982 . Development and application of an integrated, high-speed, computerized hydrodynamic chromatograph . J. Colloid Interface Sci. , 89 : 94
- Nagy , D. J. , Silebi , C. A. and McHugh , A. J. 1981 . Hydrodynamic chromatography — an evaluation of several features . J. Colloid Interface Sci. , 79 : 264
- Stoisits , R. F. 1975 . Analysis of Colloids by Hydrodynamic Chromatography , Bethlehem : Lehigh University . M.S. thesis
- Silebi , C. A. and McHugh , A. J. 1978 . “ Particle size distribution of colloidal latexes by HDC ” . In Emulsions, Latices, and Dispersions , Edited by: Becher , P. and Yudenfreund , M. N. 155 New York : Marcel Dekker .
- Meloan , C. E. and Kiser , R. W. 1963 . Problems and Experiments in Instrumental Analysis , Columbus : Merrill . chap. 25
- Nagy , D. J. , Silebi , C. A. and McHugh , A. J. 1980 . “ Latex particle size analysis by chromatographic methods: porous packed systems and detection of polystyrene ” . In Polymer Colloids II , Edited by: Fitch , R. M. 121 New York : Plenum Press .
- Grubistic , Z. , Rempp , R. and Benoit , H. 1967 . A universal calibration for gel permeation chromatography . J. Polym. Sci. Part B , 5 : 753
- Nagy , D. J. 1979 . Column Chromatography of Polymer Latexes , Bethlehem : Lehigh University . Ph.D. thesis
- Brenner , H. 1972 . “ Dynamics of neutrally buoyant particles in low Reynolds number flows ” . In Progress in Heat and Mass Transfer , Edited by: Hetsroni , G. Vol. 6 , 509 New York : Pergamon Press .
- Hiemenz , P. C. 1977 . Principles of Colloid and Surface Chemistry , New York : Marcel Dekker .
- Prieve , D. C. and Hoysan , P. M. 1978 . Role of colloidal forces in hydrodynamic chromatography . J. Colloid Interface Sci. , 64 : 201
- Buffham , B. A. 1978 . Model-independent aspects of hydrodynamic chromatography theory . J. Colloid Interface Sci. , 67 : 154
- Brenner , H. and Gaydos , L. J. 1977 . The constrained Brownian movement of spherical particles in cylindrical pores of comparable radius . J. Colloid Interface Sci. , 58 : 312
- Lee , H. L. , Lightfoot , E. N. , Reis , J. F. G. and Waissbluth , M. D. 1977 . “ The systematic description and development of separation processes ” . In Recent Developments in Separation Science , Edited by: Li , N. N. Vol. 3 , 1 Boca Raton, Fla. : CRC Press . Part A
- Whitaker , S. 1970 . “ Advances in theory of fluid motion in porous media ” . In Flow Through Porous Media , Washington, D.C. : American Chemical Society . chap. 2
- Novak , J. , Janak , J. and Wicar , S. 1975 . “ General description of the chromatographic process ” . In Liquid Column Chromatography , Edited by: Deyl , Z. , Macek , K. and Janak , J. Vol. 3 , New York : Elsevier . chap. 3
- Hermans , J. 1968 . Role of diffusion in gel permeation chromatography . J. Polym. Sci. , 6 ( A-2 ) : 1217
- Brenner , H. 1980 . A general theory of Taylor dispersion phenomena . Physicochem. Hydrodyn. , 1 : 91
- Brenner , H. 1980 . Dispersion resulting from flow through spatially periodic porous media . Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Land. , A297 : 81
- Brenner , H. and Adler , P. M. 1982 . Dispersion resulting from flow through spatially periodic porous media. II. Surface and intraparticle transport . Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Land. , A307 : 149
- Bell , G. M. , Levine , S. and McCartney , L. N. 1970 . Approximate methods of determining the double-layer free energy of interaction between two charged colloidal spheres . J. Colloid Interface Sci. , 33 : 335
- Loeb , A. L. , Wiersma , P. H. and Overbeek , J. Th. G. 1961 . The Electrical Double Layer Around a Spherical Particle , Cambridge : MIT Press .
- Verwey , E. J. and Overbeek , J. Th. G. 1948 . Theory of the Stability of Lyophobic Colloids , Amsterdam : Elsevier .
- Silebi , C. A. 1977 . Mathematical Modelling of Hydrodynamic Chromatography (HDC) , Bethlehem : Lehigh University . Ph.D. thesis
- Schaller , E. J. and Humphrey , A. E. 1966 . Electroviscous effects in suspensions of monodisperse spherical particles . J. Colloid Interface Sci. , 22 : 573
- Clayfield , E. J. and Lumb , E. C. 1966 . Detachment of adhered colloidal particles by non-aqueous surfactant solutions . Disc. Faraday Soc. , 42 : 285
- Gregory , J. 1981 . Approximate expressions for retarded van der Waals interaction . J. Colloid Interface Sci. , 83 : 138
- Bird , R. B. , Stewart , W. E. and Lightfoot , E. N. 1960 . Transport Phenomena , New York : John Wiley & Sons .
- Visser , J. 1972 . On Hamaker constants: a comparison between Hamaker constants and Lifshitz-van der Waals constants . Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. , 3 : 331
- Small H. , Hydrodynamic chromatography — a new approach to particle size analysis , presented at Cleveland-Akron GPC/LC Discussion Group Symposium on Liquid Chromatographic Methods , Cleveland , 03 1977 .
- Stigter , D. and Mysels , K. J. 1955 . Tracer electrophoresis. II. The mobility of the micelle of sodium lauryl sulfate and its interpretation in terms of zeta potential and charge . J. Phys. Chem. , 59 : 45
- Coll , H. , Fague , G. R. and Robillard , K. A. 1975 . Exclusion chromatography of colloidal dispersions , Rochester : Eastman Kodak . unpublished manuscript
- James , H. L. , Gaylor , V. F. and Anthony , N. R. 1975 . Liquid chromatographic techniques for measuring particle size in polymer latices . presented at Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry . 1975 , Cleveland.
- Johnston , J. E. , Cowherd , C. L. and MacRury , T. B. 1980 . “ Size exclusion chromatography of model latices: a feasibility study ” . In Size Exclusion Chromatography (GPC) , Edited by: Provder , T. 27 Washington, D.C. : American Chemical Society . ACS Symp. Ser. 138
- Husain , A. , Hamielec , A. E. and Vlachopoulos . 1980 . “ Particle size analysis using size exclusion chromatography ” . In Size Exclusion Chromatography (GPC) , Edited by: Provder , T. 47 Washington, D.C. : American Chemical Society . ACS Symp. Ser. 138
- Nagy , D. J. , Silebi , C. A. and McHugh , A. J. 1981 . Resolution in column chromatography of polymer latexes. II. A comparison of porous and nonporous packing systems . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. , 26 : 1567
- Giddings , J. C. , Kucera , E. , Russell , C. P. and Myers , M. N. 1968 . Statistical theory for the equilibrium distribution of rigid molecules in inert porous networks . J. Phys. Chem. , 72 : 4397 Exclusion chromatography
- Hamielec , A. E. and Singh , S. 1978 . Chromatography of suspensions — an experimental and theoretical investigation of axial dispersion phenomena . J. Liq. Chromatogr. , 1 ( 2 ) : 187
- Freeman , D. H. and Poienescu , I. C. 1978 . Particle porosimetry by inverse gel permeation chromatography . Anal. Chem. , 49 : 1183
- Mori , S. , Porter , R. S. and Johnson , J. F. 1974 . Gel permeation chromatography: on the mechanism of separation by flow . Anal. Chem. , 46 : 1599
- Francis , D. C. 1983 . A Mathematical Model of Porous Hydrodynamic Chromatography , Urbana : University of Illinois . M.S. thesis
- McHugh , A. J. and Francis , D. C. 1983 . “ Mechanisms of particle chromatography ” . In Org. Coat. Appl. Polym. Sci. , Vol. 48 , 599 Washington, D.C. : American Chemical Society . full paper submitted for publication in Recent Advances in Size Exclusion Chromatography, Provder T., Ed., in press
- Casassa , E. F. 1971 . Theoretical models for peak migration in gel permeation chromatography . J. Phys. Chem. , 75 : 3929
- Horn , F. J. M. 1971 . Calculation of dispersion coefficients by means of moments . AIChE J. , 17 : 613
- Reis , J. R. G. , Lightfoot , E. N. , Noble , P. T. and Chiang , A. S. 1979 . Chromatography in a bed of spheres . Sep. Sci. Tech. , 14 ( 5 ) : 367
- Ouano , A. C. and Barker , J. A. 1973 . A computer simulation of linear gel permeation chromatography . Sep. Sci. , 8 ( 6 ) : 673
- Yau , W. W. and Malone , C. P. 1967 . An approach to diffusion theory of gel permeation chromatographic separation . Polym. Lett. , 5 : 663
- Chang , T. L. 1968 . On the separation mechanism of gel permeation chromatography . Anal. Chim. Acta , 42 : 51
- Yau , W. W. 1969 . Steric exclusion and lateral diffusion in gel-permeation chromatography . J. Polym. Sci. , 7 ( PtA-2 ) : 483
- Yau , W. W. , Malone , C. P. and Suchan , H. L. 1970 . Separation mechanisms in gel permeation chromatography . Sep. Sci. , 5 ( 3 ) : 259
- Athey , R. D. , Provder , T. , Poehlein , G. W. and Scolere , J. 1977 . Hydrodynamic volume evidence for swellability of stryene-butadiene carboxylated latexes . Coll. Polym. Sci. , 255 : 1001
- Tung , L. H. 1966 . Method of calculating molecular weight distribution function from gel permeation chromatograms . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. , 10 : 37 Correction of instrument spreading in gel permation chromatography, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 13, 775, 1969
- Silebi , C. A. and McHugh , A. J. 1979 . The determination of particle size distributions by hydrodynamic chromatography . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. , 23 : 1699 An analysis of dispersion and methods for improved signal resolution
- Husain , A. , Vlachopoulos , J. and Hamielec , A. E. 1979 . Chromatography of suspensions — analytical corrections for axial dispersion . J. Liq. Chromatogr. , 2 ( 2 ) : 193
- Husain , A. , Vlachopoulos , J. and Hamielec , A. E. 1979 . Chromatography of suspensions. An absolute particle size detector based on turbidity-spectra analysis — a similation study . J. Liq. Chromatogr. , 2 ( 4 ) : 517
- Provder , T. and Rosen , E. M. 1970 . The instrument spreading correction in GPC. I. The general shape function using a linear calibration curve . Sep. Sci. , 5 ( 4 ) : 437
- Husain , A. , Hamielec , A. E. and Vlachopoulos , J. 1981 . An analysis of imperfect resolution in the chromatography of particle suspensions . J. Liq. Chromatogr. , 4 ( 3 ) : 425
- Husain , A. , Hamielec , A. E. and Vlachopoulos , J. 1981 . A new method for identifying and estimating the parameters of the instrumental spreading function in size exclusion chromatography — an application to particle size analysis . J. Liq. Chromatogr. , 4 ( 3 ) : 459
- Van de Hulst , A. C. 1981 . Light Scattering by Small Particles , 14 New York : Dover .
- Silebi , C. A. and Viola , J. P. 1980 . A theoretical and experimental examination of axial dispersion in hydrodynamic chromatography (HDC) . Org. Coat. Plan. Chem. , 42 : 151
- Kelley , R. N. and Billmeyer , F. W. 1969 . Evaluating dispersion in gel permeation chromatography . Anal. Chem. , 41 : 874
- Haller , W. 1965 . Chromatography on glass of controlled pore size . Nature (London) , 206 : 693
- Kirkland , J. J. 1979 . High-performance size-exclusion liquid chromatography of inorganic colloids . J. Liq. Chromatogr. , 185 : 273
- Dubin , P. L. 1980 . “ Size exclusion chromatography of some reversed micellar systems ” . In Size Exclusion Chromatography (HDC) , Edited by: Provder , T. 225 Washington, D.C. : American Chemical Society . ACS Symp. Ser. 138
- Prud'homme , R. K. , Froiman , G. and Hoagland , D. A. 1982 . Molecular size determination of xanthan polysaccharide . Carbohydr. Res. , 106 : 225
- Prud'homme , R. K. and Hoagland , D. A. Orientation of rigid macromolecules during hydrodynamic chromatography separations . Sep. Sci. , in press
- Hoagland , U. A. , Larson , K. A. and Prud'homme , R. K. “ HDC separations of high molecular weight water soluble polymers ” . In Modern Methods of Particle Size Analysis , Edited by: Bartle , H. Washington, D.C. : American Chemical Society . ACS Symp. Ser., in press
- Lecourtier , J. and Chauveteau , G. Xanthan fractionation by surface exclusion chromatography . Macromolecules , submitted
- Shawki , S. M. and Hamielec , A. E. 1979 . The effect of shear rate on molecular weight determination of acrylamide polymers from intrinsic viscosity measurements . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. , 23 : 3323
- Barth , M. G. and Regnier , F. E. 1980 . High performance gel permeation chromatography of water-soluble cellulosics . J. Chromatogr. , 192 : 275
- Segré , G. and Silberberg , A. 1962 . Behavior of macroscopic rigid spheres in Pouiseuille flow. II. Experimental results and interpretation . J. Fluid Mech. , 14 : 136
- Tremblay , R. D. , Penrose , J. T. and Trumbore , C. N. 1979 . Evidence for molecular separations in stainless steel capillary HPLC tubing . paper presented at ACS Meeting . September 1979 , Washington, D.C..
- Poehlein , S. 1978 . Capillary chromatography , Bethlehem : Lehigh University . unpublished research report
- Karnis , A. , Goldsmith , H. L. and Mason , S. G. 1966 . The flow of suspensions through tubes. V. Inertial effects . Can. J. Chem. Eng. , 44 : 181
- Walz , D. and Grum , F. 1973 . The radial velocity of spherical particles in tubular pinch effect experiments . J. Colloid Interface Sci. , 45 : 467
- Giddings , J. C. 1978 . Basic approaches to separation. Analysis and classification of methods according to underlying transport characteristics . Sep. Sci. Technol. , 13 ( 1 ) : 3
- Giddings , J. C. 1978 . Displacement and dispersion of particles of finite size in How channels with lateral forces . Sep. Sci. Technol. , 13 ( 3 ) : 241 Field-flow fractionation and hydrodynamic chromatography
- Giddings , J. C. , Myers , M. N. , Caldwell , K. D. and Fisher , S. R. 1980 . “ Analysis of biological macromolecules and particles by field-flow fractionation ” . In Methods of Biochemical Analysis , Edited by: Glick , D. Vol. 26 , 79 New York : John Wiley & Sons .
- Kirkland , J. J. , Dilks , C. H. and Yau , W. W. 1983 . Sedimentation field flow fractionation at high force field . J. Chromatogr. , 255 : 255
- Giddings , J. C. , Yang , F. J. F. and Myers , M. N. 1974 . Sedimentation field-flow fractionation . Anal. Chem. , 46 : 1917
- Giddings , J. C. , Karaiskakis , G. , Caldwell , K. D. and Myers , M. N. 1983 . Colloid characterization by sedimentation field-flow fractionation. I. Monodisperse populations . J. Colloid Interface Sci. , 92 : 66
- Yang , F. S. , Caldwell , K. D. and Giddings , J. C. 1983 . Colloid characterization by sedimentation field-flow fractionation. II. Particle size distribution . J. Colloid Interface Sci. , 92 : 81
- Yang , F. J. F. , Myers , M. N. and Giddings , J. C. 1974 . Programmed sedimentation field-flow fractionation . Anal. Chem. , 46 : 1924
- Brough , A. W. J. , Hillman , D. E. and Perry , R. W. 1981 . Capillary hydrodynamic chromatography — an investigation into operational characteristics . J. Chromatogr. , 208 : 175
- Oshima , H. , Healy , T. W. and White , L. R. 1982 . Accurate analytic expressions for the surface charge density/surface potential relationship and double-layer potential distribution for a spherical colloidal particle . J. Colloid Interface Sci. , 90 : 11
- Saffman , P. G. 1960 . Dispersion due to molecular diffusion and macroscopic mixing in flow through a network of capillaries . J. Fluid Mech. , 7 : 194
- Nagy , D. J. , Silebi , C. A. and McHugh , A. J. 1981 . Resolution in column chromatography of polymer latexes. I . J. Appl. Polym. Sci. , 26 : 1555 The light scattering behavior of polystyrene and its effect on signal resolution in HDC
- Brenner , H. 1966 . Hydrodynamic resistance of particles at small Reynolds numbers . Adv. Chem. Eng. , 6 : 287
- Leal , L. G. 1980 . Particle motions in a viscous fluid . Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech. , 12 : 435
- Nagy , D. J. 1983 . Hydrodynamic chromatography: a further evaluation of universal calibration . J. Colloid Interface Sci. , 93 : 590