10
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Graphite Furnaces as Atomizers and Emission Sources in Analytical Atomic Spectrometry

Pages 29-64 | Published online: 18 Feb 2008

REFERENCES

  • Falk , H. 1980 . Analytical capabilities of atomic spectrometric methods using tunable lasers: a theoretical approach . Prog. Anal. Atom. Spectrosc. , 3 : 181
  • Alkemade , C. T. J. 1983 . Atomic physics and atomic spectroscopy: mother and daughter? . Spectrochim. Acta , 38B : 1395
  • Falk , H. , Hoffmann , E. and Luedke , C. 1984 . A comparison of furnace atomic nonthermal excitation spectrometry (FANES) with other atomic spectroscopic techniques . Spectrochim. Acta , 39B : 283
  • Kantor , T. 1983 . New approaches to the separation of evaporation and atomization — excitation in atomic spectrometry . Spectrochim. Acta , 38B : 1483
  • Johnson , D. J. , Sharp , B. L. , West , T. S. and Dagnall , R. M. 1975 . Some observations on the vaporation and atomization of samples with a carbon filament atomizer . Anal. Chem. , 47 : 1234
  • Nakahara , T. 1983 . Application of hydride generation techniques in atomic absorption, atomic fluorescence and plasma atomic emission spectroscopy . Prog. Anal. Atom. Spectrosc. , 6 : 163
  • Chakrabarti , C. L. , Shaole , Wu. , Kanvowska , R. , Rogers , J. T. and Dick , R. 1985 . The gas temperature in and the gas expulsion from a graphite furnace used for AAS . Spectrochim. Acta , 40B : 1663
  • Slavin , W. and Manning , D. C. 1982 . The graphite probe constant temperature furnace . Spectrochim. Acta , 37B : 955
  • Freeh , W. , Cedergren , A. , Lundberg , E. and Siemer , D. D. 1983 . Electrothermal AAS: present understanding and future needs . Spectrochim. Acta , 38B : 1435
  • Slavin , W. , Carnrick , G. R. , Manning , D. C. and Pruszkowska , E. 1983 . Recent experience with stabilized temperature platform furnace and Zeeman background correction . At. Spectrosc. , 4 : 69
  • Holcombe , J. A. and Sheehan , M. T. 1982 . Graphite furnace modification for second surface atomization . Appl. Spectrosc. , 36 : 631
  • Slavin , W. , Manning , D. C. and Carnrick , G. R. 1981 . The stabilized temperature platform furnace . At. Spectrosc. , 2 : 137
  • Harnly , J. M. and Beechcr , G. R. 1986 . Signal to noise ratios for flow injection atomic absorption spectrometry . J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. , 1 : 75
  • Sturgeon , R. E. and Berman , S. S. 1983 . Determination of the efficiency of the graphite furnace for atomic absorption spectrometry . Anal. Chem. , 55 : 190
  • Slavin , W. 1984 . Graphite Furnace AAS: a Source Book , Norwalk, Conn. : Perkin-EImer Corp. .
  • Marshall , J. , Littlejohn , D. , Ottaway , J. M. , Harnly , J. M. , Müller-Ihli , N. J. and O'Haver , T. C. 1983 . Simultaneous multi-element analysis by carbon furnace atomic-emission spectrometry . Analyst , 108 : 178
  • Bolshov , M. A. , Zybin , A. V. , Koloshnikov , V. G. , Mayorov , I. A. and Smirenkina , I. I. 1986 . Laser-excited fluorescence analysis with electrothermal sample atomization in vacuum . Spectrochim. Acta , 41B : 487
  • Tilch , J. , Falk , H. , Paetzold , H.-J. , Mon , P. G. and Schmidt , K. P. 1985 . Application of the laser-excited atomic fluorescence on the determination of trace elements in solids . Coll. Spectrosc Int. , XXIV TUG 067
  • Matusiewicz , H. and Barnes , R. M. 1984 . Determination of Al and Si in biological materials by ICP AES with electrothermal vaporization . Spectrochim. Acta , 39B : 891
  • Long , S. E. and Snook , R. D. 1985 . Some observations on electrothermal vaporization for sample introduction into ICP . Spectrochim. Acta , 40B : 553
  • Sturgeon , R. E. and Chakrabarti , C. L. 1978 . Recent advances in electrothermal atomization in graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry . Prog. Anal. Atom. Spectrosc. , 1 : 5
  • Lawson , S. R. , Dewalt , F. G. and Woodriff , R. 1983 . Influence of furnace design on operation, sensitivity and matrix interferences in electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry . Prog. Anal. Atom. Spectrosc. , 6 : 1
  • Massmann , H. 1968 . The comparison of AA and AF in the graphite cuvette . Spectrochim. Acta , 23B : 215
  • L'vov , B. V. 1978 . Electrothermal atomization — the way toward absolute methods of AAS . Spectrochim. Acta , 33B : 153
  • Chang , S. B. and Chakrabarti , C. L. 1985 . Factors affecting atomization in graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry . Prog. Anal. Atom. Spectrosc. , 8 : 83
  • L'vov , B. V. 1961 . The analytical use of AA spectra . Spectrochim. Acta , 17 : 761
  • Falk , H. and Glismann , A. 1986 . Spatially and temporally resolved temperature profiles in graphite furnaces . Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem. , 323 : 748
  • Gilmutdinov , A. K. and Fishman , I. S. 1984 . The theory of sample transfer in semi-enclosed atomizers for AAS . Spectrochim. Acta. , 39B : 171
  • Slavin , W. , Myers , S. A. and Manning , D. C. 1980 . Reduction of temperature variation in the AA graphite furnace . Anal. Chim. Acta , 117 : 267
  • Falk , H. , Glismann , A. , Bergann , L. , Minkwitz , G. , Schubert , M. and Skole , J. 1985 . Time-dependent temperature distribution of graphite-tube atomizers . Spectrochim. Acta , 40B : 533
  • Manning , D. C. and Slavin , W. 1985 . Factors influencing the atomization of vanadium in graphite furnace AAS . Spectrochim. Acta , 40B : 461
  • Rademeyer , C. J. and Human , H. G. C. 1986 . Wall and gas temperature distribution in a graphite furnace atomizer . Prog. Anal. Spectrosc. , 9 : 167
  • Holcombe , J. A. and Rayson , G. D. 1983 . Analytc distribution and reactions within a graphite furnace atomizer . Prog. Anal. Atom. Spectrosc. , 6 : 225
  • Edelmann , Ch. 1978 . Vakuumphysik und -Technik , Edited by: Schneider , H. G. 71 Leipzig : Akadem. Verlagsgesellsch, Geest & Portig K. G. .
  • Arthur , J. R. and Cho , A. Y. 1973 . Adsorption and desorption kinetics of Cu and Au on (0001) graphite . Surf. Sci. , 36 : 641
  • Wutz , M. , Adam , H. and Walcher , W. 1982 . Theorie und Praxis der Vakuumtechnik , 36 Braunschweig/Wiesbaden : Friedrich Vieweg & Sohn .
  • L'vov , B. V. 1970 . Atomic Absorption Spectrochemical Analysis , 287 London : Adam Hilger .
  • Ebert , H.M , ed. 1967 . Physikalisches Taschenbuch , 220 Braunschweig : Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn .
  • Holcombe , J. A. 1983 . Vapor expulsion and loss from a graphite furnace atomizer . Spectrochim. Acta , 38B : 609
  • Magyar , B. 1982 . Guide-Lines to Planning Atomic Spectrometric Analysis , Budapest : Akadémiai Kiado . chap. 5
  • Sukhoveeva , L. N. , Butrimenko , G. G. and Spivakov , B. Ya. 1980 . AA determination of Ga and In in a graphite furnace by vaporization from a substrate . J. Anal. Chem. , 55 : 1064
  • Van den Broek , W. M. G. T. and de Galan , L. 1977 . Supply and removal of sample vapor in graphite thermal atomizers . Anal. Chem. , 49 : 2176
  • Chakrabarti , C. L. , Hamed , H. A. , Wan , C. C. , Li , W. C. , Bertels , P. C. , Gregoire , D. C. and Lee , S. 1980 . Capacitive discharge heating in graphite furnace AAS . Anal. Chem. , 52 : 167
  • L'vov , B. V. and Pelieva , L. A. 1978 . The efficiency of lining a graphite furnace with Ta foil in AAS . Can. J. Spectrosc. , 23 : 14
  • Sychra , V. , Kolikova , D. , Vyskockova , O. and Hlavac , R. 1979 . Electrothermal atomization from metallic surfaces. I. Design and performance of a tungsten-tube atomizer . Anal. Chim. Acta , 105 : 263
  • Holcombe , J. A. and Koirtyohann , S. R. 1984 . The Downingtown furnace atomic absorption workshop: a report . Spectrochim. Acta , 39B : 243
  • Freeh , W. , Lundberg , E. and Cedergren , A. 1985 . Investigations of some methods used to reduce interference effects in graphite furnace AAS . Prog. Anal. Atom. Spectrosc. , 8 : 257
  • Marshall , J. , Carroll , J. , Littlejohn , D. , Ottaway , J. M. , O'Haver , T. C. and Harnly , J. M. 1985 . Microcomputer controlled background correction for ETA-AES and ETA-continuum source AAS . Anal. Proc. , 22 : 67

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.