Scraped Surface Heat Exchangers

REFERENCES

• Abdelrahim , K. A. , Ramaswamy , H. S. , Grabowski , S. and Marcotte , M. 1995 . Dimensionless correlations for the fastest particle flow in a pilot scale aseptic processing system . Food Science & Technology (London) , 28 : 43 – 49 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abichandani , H. and Sarma , S. C. 1988 . Heat transfer and power requirements in horizontal thin film scraped surface heat exchangers . Chemical Engineering Science , 43 : 871 – 881 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abichandani , H. and Sarma , S. C. 1989 . Power requirement during concentration of milk and cream in horizontal thin-film scraped surfce heat exchanger . Indian Journal of Dairy Science , 42 : 155 – 158 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Abichandani , H. , Sharma , S. C. and Heldman , D. R. 1987 . Hydrodynamics and heat transfer in liquid full scraped surface heat exchangers—A review . Journal of Food Process Engineering , 9 : 121 – 141 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Aceto , N. C. , Craig , J. C. Jr. , Eskew , R. K. and Talley , F. B. 1966 . Storage aspects of continuous vacuum foam-dried whole milk . International Dairy Congress , : 189 – 196 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Alhamdan , A. and Sastry , S. K. 1997 . Residence time distribution of food and simulated particles in a holding tube . Journal of Food Engineering , 34 : 271 – 292 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alhamdan , A. and Sastry , S. K. 1998 . Residence time distribution of food and simulated particles in a model horizontal swept surface heat exchanger . Journal of Food Process Engineering , 21 : 145 – 180 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altiokka , M. R. 1992 . Power consumption for a scraped-surface heat exchanger with a “no-leak” reactor . Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research , 31 : 2385 – 2388 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armstrong , A. J. 1970 . Scraped-surface crystallizers . Chemical and Process Engineering (London) , 51 : 59 – 65 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Armstrong , R. M. 1969 . Scraped shell crystallizer . British Chemical Engineering , 14 : 647 – 649 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azoory , S. and Bott , T. R. 1970 . Local heat transfer coefficients in a model “falling film” scraped surface exchanger . Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering , 48 : 373 – 377 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baccar , M. and Abid , M. S. 1999 . Numerical simulation of hydrodynamic and thermal behaviors in a scraped surface heat exchanger operating in turbulent regime . International Journal of Thermal Sciences , 38 : 634 – 644 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blaisdell , J. L. and Zahradnik , J. W. 1959 . Longitudinal temperature distribution in a scraped surface heat exchanger . Food Technology , 8 : 659 – 662 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Bolanowski , J. P. and Lineberry , D. D. 1952 . Special heat transfer problems in the Food Industry . Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research , 44 : 657 [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Bolliger , S. , Breitschuh , B. , Stranzinger , M. , Wagner , T. and Windhab , E. J. 1998 . Comparison of precrystallization of chocolate . Journal of Food Engineering , 35 : 281 – 297 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bott , T. R. 1966 . Design of scraped-surface heat exchangers . British Chemical Engineering , 11 : 338 – 339 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bott , T. R. and Azoory , S. 1968 . Scraped-surface heat transfer with KnitMesh scrapers . British Chemical Engineering , 13 : 372 – 374 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bott , T. R. , Azoory , S. and Porter , K. E. 1968a . Scraped-surface heat exchangers. I. Hold-up and residence time studies . Transactions of the Institution of Chemical Engineers , 46 : 33 – 36 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Bott , T. R. , Azoory , S. and Porter , K. E. 1968b . Scraped-surface heat exchangers. II. Effects of axial dispersion on heat transfer . Transactions of the Institution of Chemical Engineers , 46 : 37 – 43 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Bott , T. R. and Romero , J. J.B. 1963 . Heat transfer across a scraped surface . Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering , 41 : 213 – 219 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Bott , T. R. and Sheikh , M. R. 1964 . Effects of blade design in scraped-surface heat transfer . British Chemical Engineering , 9 : 229 – 231 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Chandarana , D. I. and Unverferth , J. A. 1996 . Residence time distribution of particulate foods at aseptic processing temperatures . Journal of Food Engineering , 28 : 349 – 360 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charteris , W. P. , Kelly , P. M. , Morelli , L. and Collins , J. K. 2002 . Edible table (bio)spread containing potentially probiotic Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species . International Journal of Dairy Technology , : 44 – 56 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corbett , A. M. , Phillips , R. J. , Kauten , R. J. and McCarthy , K. L. 1995 . Magnetic resonance imaging of concentration and velocity profiles of pure fluids and solid suspensions in rotating geometries . Journal of Rheology , 39 : 907 – 924 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox , D. R.G. , Gerrard , A. J. and Wix , L. 1994 . Power consumption and backmixing in horizontal scraped surface heat exchangers . IChemE Res. Event , : 511 – 513 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Cuevas , R. and Cheryan , M. 1982 . Heat transfer in a vertical, liquid-full scraped-surface heat exchanger. Application of the penetration theory and Wilson plots models [Relevant to food processing] . J. Food Process Eng. , 5 : 1 – 21 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Cuevas , R. , Cheryan , M. and Porter , V. L. 1982 . Performance of a scraped-surface heat exchanger under ultra high temperature conditions: A dimensional analysis Heat processing of food . Journal of Food Science , 47 : 619 – 625 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darlington , R. 1972 . Heat transfer and heat exchangers [in the food industry] . Food Manufacture , 47 : 33 – 34 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• De Coninck , V. and Vanhemelrijck , J. 1990 . Starches in heat-processed particulate foods . Gums and Stabilizers in Food Industry , : 69 – 78 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• De Goede , R. and De Jong , E. 1993 . Heat transfer properties of a scraped-surface heat exchanger in the turbulent flow regime . Chemical Engineering Science , 48 : 1393 – 1404 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Ruyter , P. W. and Brunet , R. 1973 . Estimation of process conditions for continuous sterilization of foods containing particulates . Food Technology , 27 : 44 – 46 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Djelveh , G. and Gros , J. B. 1995 . Estimation of Physical-Properties of Foamed Foods Using Energy-Dissipation in Scraped-Surface Heat-Exchangers . Journal of Food Engineering , 26 : 45 – 56 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dodeja , A. K. , Sarma , S. C. and Abichandani , H. 1989 . Thin-film heat exchanger in dairy industry . Chemical Engineering World , 24 : 37 – 41 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Dodeja , A. K. , Abichandani , H. and Sarma , S. C. 1990a . Heat transfer during cooling in horizontal thin film scraped surface heat exchanger . Chemical Engineering World , 25 : 49 – 52 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Dodeja , A. K. , Sarma , S. K. and Abichandani , H. 1990b . Heat transfer during evaporation of milk to high solids in thin film scraped surface heat exchanger . Journal of Food Process Engineering , 12 : 211 – 225 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Dumont , E. , Della Valle , D. and Fayolle , F. 2000a . Influence of flow regimes on temperature heterogeneities within a scraped surface heat exchanger . Journal of Food Process Engineering , 23 : 207 – 220 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dumont , E. , Fayolle , F. and Legrand , J. 2000b . Electrodiffusional wall shear rate analysis in scraped surface heat exchanger . AIChE Journal , 46 : 1138 – 1148 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dumont , E. , Fayolle , F. and Legrand , J. 2000c . Flow regimes and wall shear rates determination within a scraped surface heat exchanger . Journal of Food Engineering , 45 : 195 – 207 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dumont , E. , Fayolle , F. , Sobolik , V. and Legrand , J. 2002 . Wall shear rate in the Taylor-Couette-Poiseuille flow at low axial Reynolds number . International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer , 45 : 679 – 689 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncan , A. G. and Phillips , R. H. 1976 . Crystallization by direct contact cooling and its application to p-xylene production . Transactions of the Institution of Chemical Engineers , 54 : 153 – 159 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Edmunds , R. S. and Budlong , T. L. 1976 . Continuous sheeting and packaging of pastry type and other fats . Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society , 53 : 30 – 31 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harriot , P. 1959 . Heat transfer in scraped surface heat exchangers . Chem. Eng. Prog. Symp. Ser. , 29 : 137 – 139 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Harriott , P. 1969 . A random eddy modification of the penetration theory . Chem. Eng. Sci. , 17 : 149 – 151 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Harrod , M. 1986 . Scraped surface heat exchangers: A literature survey of flow patterns, mixing effects, residence time distribution, heat transfer, and power requirements . Journal of Food Process Engineering , 9 : 1 – 62 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Houlton , H. G. 1944 . Heat transfer in the votator . Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research , 36 : 522 – 528 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Huggins , F. E. 1931 . Effect of scrapers on heating, cooling, and mixing . Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research , 23 : 749 – 753 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Kim , K.-J. and Mersmann , A. 1997 . Melt crystallization with direct contact cooling techniques . Chemical Engineering Research and Design , 75 : 176 – 182 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kool , J. 1958 . Heat transfer in scraped surface vessels and pipes handling viscous materials . Transactions of the Institution of Chemical Engineers , 36 : 253 – 258 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Kozempel , M. F. , Craig , J. C. Jr. , Heiland , W. K. , Elias , S. and Aceto , N. C. 1981 . Development of a continuous process to obtain a confectionery fat from tallow: final status . Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society , 58 : 921 – 925 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Latinen , G. A. 1958 . Discussion of the paper Correlation of scraped film heat transfer in the votator . Chemical Engineering Science , 9 : 263 – 266 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavigne , F. and Ollivon , M. 1997 . Milk fat materials and their fractions . Oleagineux, Corps Gras, Lipides , 4 : 212 – 219 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Lee , J. E. and Singh , R. K. 1991 . Scraped Surface Heat-Exchanger Orientation Influence On Particle Residence Time Distributions . Journal of Food Science , 56 : 1446 – 1447 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , J. E. and Singh , R. K. 1990 . Mathematical models of scraped-surface heat exchangers in relation to food sterilization . Chemical Engineering Communications , 87 : 21 – 51 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , J. E. and Singh , R. K. 1992 . Modeling Particle Residence Time Distributions in Model Scraped Surface Heat-Exchangers . Food Science and Technology-Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft & Technologie , 25 : 340 – 345 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , J. E. and Singh , R. K. 1998 . Normalized particle residence times as affected by process parameters in a vertical scraped surface heat exchanger . International Journal of Food Science and Technology , 33 : 429 – 434 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , J. E. and Singh , R. K. 1993 . Residence Time Distribution Characteristics of Particle Flow in a Vertical Scraped Surface Heat-Exchanger . Journal of Food Engineering , 18 : 413 – 424 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leung , L. S. 1967 . Power consumption in a scraped-surface heat exchanger . Transactions of the Institution of Chemical Engineers , 45 : 179 – 181 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Levine , L. 1993 . Scraped Surface Heat Exchangers . Cereal Foods World , 38 : 31 – 33 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li , H. Z. and Choplin , L. Residence time distribution (RTD) in rheologically complex fluids—a survey . DECHEMA Monographien 127, no. Int. Workshop Polym. React. Eng., 4th . pp. 21 – 29 .
   Google Scholar
• Li , L. , Singh , R. K. and Lee , J. H. 2004 . Process conditions influence on characteristics of holding tube fouling due to cheese sauce . Lebensm.Wiss. u.-Technol , 37 : 565 – 572 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu , W. and Garside , J. Crystallization of sunflower oil on a scraped metal surface . International Symposium on Industrial Crystallization, 14th . Cambridge, United Kingdom. pp. 2120 – 2128 .
   Google Scholar
• Loisel , C. , Keller , G. , Lecq , G. , Launay , B. and Ollivon , M. 1997 . Tempering of chocolate in a scraped surface heat exchanger . Journal of Food Science , 62 : 773 – 780 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loisel , C. , Lecq , G. , Keller , G. and Ollivon , M. 1998 . Dynamic crystallization of dark chocolate as affected by temperature and lipid additives . Journal of Food Science , 63 : 73 – 79 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mabit , M. , Loisel , C. , Fayolle , F. and Legrand , J. 2003 . Determination of the volume fraction submitted to high shear in a scraped surface heat exchanger . Journal of Food Engineering , 57 : 165 – 172 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maingonnat , J. F. and Corrieu , G. 1984 . A new approach to modelling the themal behavior of scraped surface heat exchanger . Engineering and Food , 1 : 79 – 87 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• McDonald , D. P. 1974 . Process plant for food is different . Food Manufacture , : 35 – 37 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Mehta , P. S. and Donoian , G. S. 1990 . Heat-transfer characteristics of a rotary disk processor . Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research , 29 : 829 – 841 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milton , J. L. and Zahradnik , J. W. 1973 . Residence time distribution of votator pilot plant using non-Newtonian fluid . Trans ASAE , 16 : 1186 – 89 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Miskandar , M. S. , Man , Y. B. , Yusoff , M. S.A. and Rahman , R. A. 2002 . Effect of scraped-surface tube cooler temperatures on the physical properties of palm oil margarine . Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society , 79 : 931 – 936 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyashita , H. , Yoshida , M. and Nishimura , T. Heat transfer correlation in high Prandtl number fluid in Votator type scraped surface heat exchanger . 6th Conference Asia Pacic Confederation of Chemical Engineers . pp. 65 – 69 .
   Google Scholar
• Miyashita , H. , Yoshida , M. , Yamane , T. and Nishimura , T. 1997 . Heat transfer correlation in high Prandtl (high Schmidt) number fluid in Votator type scraped surface heat exchanger . Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan , 30 : 545 – 549 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moran , D. P.J. and Hepburn , J. J. 1980 . Emulsions. EP, (Unilever N. V., Neth.) . Eur. Pat. Appl. , : 12 [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Nickel , G. B. and Berger , B. 1996 . Process for production of clathrate inclusion complexes from starch and lipid for food use. WO, (Woodstone Foods Corporation, Can.) . PCT Int. Appl. , : 15 [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Patience , D. B. , Rawlings , J. B. and Mohameed , H. A. 2001 . Crystallization of paraxylene in scraped-surface crystallizers . AIChE Journal , 47 : 2441 – 2451 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedersen , A. Use of palm, palm kernel, and coconut oils in margarines . Proceedings of the World Conference on Palm and Coconut Oils for the 21st Century . pp. 85 – 87 .
   Google Scholar
• Penny , W. R. and Bell , K. J. 1967 . Close clearance agitators, Part 2: Heat transfer coefficients . Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research , 59 : 47 – 54 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Penny , W. R. and Bell , K. J. 1967 . Close-clearance agitators, Part 1: Power requirements . Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research , 59 : 40 – 46 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Purser , D. E. 1999 . Method of preparing a fully-cooked semi-moist shelf stable meat product . U.S. Pat. Appl. , : 12 [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Qin , F. G.F. , Chen , X. D. and Russell , A. B. 2003a . Heat transfer at the subcooled-scraped surface with/without phase change . AIChE Journal , 49 : 1947 – 1955 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qin , F. G.F. , Zhao , J. C. , Russell , A. B. , Chen , X. D. , Chen , J. J. and Robertson , L. 2003b . Simulation and experiment of the unsteady heat transport in the onset time of nucleation and crystallization of ice from the subcooled solution . International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer , 46 : 3221 – 3231 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramdas , V. , Uhl , V. W. , Osborne , M. W. and Ortt , J. R. Heat transfer to viscous materials in a continuous-flow . Scraped-wall, commercial-size heat exchanger, Prepr. AIChE Pap., Natl. Heat Transfer Conf., 17th . pp. 24 – 31 .
   Google Scholar
• Reddy , P. R. , Madsen , R. A. and Schuurman , J. H. 2001 . Fat-continuous stick product prepared by using crystallizing unit between scraped-surface heat exchangers (Van Den Bergh Foods Company, Division of Conopco, Inc., USA). . U.S. Pat. Appl. , : 6 [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Regand , A. and Goff , H. D. 2002 . Effect of biopolymers on structure and ice recrystallization in dynamically frozen ice cream model systems . Journal of Dairy Science , 85 : 2722 – 2732 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell , A. B. 1997 . “ Control of ice crystallization in scraped surface ice cream freezers ” . In Engineering & Food at ICEF 7 , Edited by: Jowitt , R. 17 – 20 . Sheffield, UK : Sheffield Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Russell , A. B. , Burmester , S. S.H. and Winch , P. J. 1997 . Characterization of shear thinning flow within a scraped surface heat exchanger . Food and Bioproducts Processing , 75 : 191 – 197 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell , A. B. , Cheney , P. E. and Wantling , S. D. 1999 . Influence of freezing conditions on ice crystallization in ice cream . Journal of Food Engineering , 39 : 179 – 191 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandu , C. , Mercurio , J. J. and Popa , L. V. 2003 . Seal-less magnetically driven scraped-surface heat exchanger. WO, (Conagra Grocery Products Company, USA) . PCT Int. Appl. , : 13 [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Sastry , S. K. 1986 . Mathematical evaluation of process schedules for aseptic processing of low acid foods containing particulates . Journal of Food Science , 51 : 1323 – 1327 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skelland , A. H. , Oliver , D. R. and Tooke , S. 1962 . Heat transfer in a water-cooled scraped-surface heat exchanger . Brit. Chem. Eng. , 7 : 346 – 353 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Skelland , A. H.P. 1958 . Correlation of scraped film heat transfer in the votator . Chemical Engineering Science , 7 : 166 – 175 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skelland , A. H.P. 1960 . Prediction of refrigerant side heat transfer . Brit. Chem. Eng. , 5 : 708 – 709 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Skelland , A. H.P. 1958 . Scale-up relations for heat transfer in votators . Brit. Chem. Eng. , 3 : 325 – 327 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Skelland , A. H.P. and Leung , L. S. 1962 . Power consumption in a scraped-surface heat exchanger . Brit. Chem. Eng. , 7 : 264 – 267 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Smith , R. W. 1972 . Applications of plate and scraped surface heat exchangers [in food manufacturing operations] . Food Manufacture , 47 : 37 – 38 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Spiegel , T. 1999 . Whey protein aggregation under shear conditions—effects of lactose and heating temperature on aggregate size and structure . International Journal of Food Science and Technology , 34 : 523 – 531 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spiegel , T. and Huss , M. 2002 . Whey protein aggregation under shear conditions—effects of pH-value and removal of calcium . International Journal of Food Science and Technology , 37 : 559 – 568 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stranzinger , M. , Bieder , A. , Feigl , K. and Windhab , E. 2002 . Effects of flow incidence and secondary mass flow rate on flow structuring contributions in scraped surface heat exchangers . Journal of Food Process Engineering , 25 : 159 – 187 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stranzinger , M. , Feigl , K. and Windhab , E . 2001 . Non-Newtonian flow behavior in narrow annular gap reactors . Chemical Engineering Science , 56 : 3347 – 3363 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szemplenski , T. Scraped Surface Heat Exchanger: Versatility in Continuous Confectionary Processing . The Manufacturing Confectioner , 53 – 54 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Taeymans , D. , Roelans , E. and Lenges , J. 1986 . “ Residence time distribution in a horizontal SSHE for UHT processing of liquids containing solids ” . In Food Engineering and Process Applications. Volume 1: Transport Phenomena , Edited by: Le Maguer , M. and Jelen , P. 247 – 258 . London : Elsevier Applied Science .
   Google Scholar
• Thurman , C. and Reddy , P. R. 1999 . Preparation of a microbiologically stable water in oil spread. Us, (Lipton, USA) . U.S. Pat. Appl. , : 6 [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Trommelen , A. M. 1967 . Heat transfer in a scraped-surface heat exchanger . Transactions of the Institution of Chemical Engineers , 45 : 176 – 178 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Trommelen , A. M. and Beek , W. J. 1971 . Flow phenomena in a scraped-surface heat exchanger (Votator-type) . Chemical Engineering Science , 26 : 1933 – 1942 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trommelen , A. M. and Beek , W. J. 1977 . Mechanism of power consumption in a Votator-type scraped-surface heat exchanger . Chemical Engineering Science , 26 : 1977 – 1986 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Trommelen , A. M. , Beek , W. J. and Van de Westelaken , H. C. 1971 . Mechanism for heat transfer in a Votator-type scraped-surface heat exchanger . Chemical Engineering Science , 26 : 1987 – 2001 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trommelen , A. M. and Boerema , S. 1966 . Power consumption in a scraped-surface heat exchanger . Transactions of the Institution of Chemical Engineers , 44 : 329 – 334 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Vaessen , R. J.C. , Himawan , C. and Witkamp , G. J. 2002 . Scale formation of ice from electrolyte solutions on a scraped surface heat exchanger plate . Journal of Crystal Growth , 237–239 : 2172 – 2177 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaessen , R. J.C. , Seckler , M. M. and Witkamp , G. J. 2004 . Heat transfer in scraped eutectic crystallizers . International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer , 47 : 717 – 728 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Aken , G. A. and Visser , K. A. 2000 . Firmness and crystallization of milk fat in relation to processing conditions . Journal of Dairy Science , 83 : 1919 – 1932 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Boxtel , L. B.J. and de Fielliettaz Goethart , R. L. 1983 . Heat transfer to water and some highly viscous food systems in a water-cooled scraped surface heat exchanger . Journal of Food Process Engineering , 7 : 17 – 35 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Wang , W. , Walton , J. H. and McCarthy , K. L. 1999 . Flow profiles of power law fluids in scraped surface heat exchanger geometry using MRI . Journal of Food Process Engineering , 22 : 11 – 27 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , W. , Walton , J. H. and McCarthy , K. L. 2000 . Mixing in scraped surface heat exchanger geometry using MRI . Journal of Food Process Engineering , 23 : 403 – 418 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar