Trends in Postmortem Aging in Fish: Understanding of Proteolysis and Disorganization of the Myofibrillar Structure

REFERENCES

• Papa , I. , Alvarez , C. , Verrez-Bagnis , V. , Fleurence , J. and Benyamin , Y. 1997 . “ Evidence for time dependent alpha-actinin delocalisation and proteolysis from post mortem fish white muscle (Dicentrarchus labrax and Salmo trutta) ” . In Seafood from producer to consumer, integrated approach to quality , Edited by: Luten , J. B. , Borresen , T. and Oehlenschläger , J. 247 – 252 . Elsevier Science .
   Google Scholar
• Verrez-Bagnis , V. , Noël , J. , Sauterau , C. and Fleurence , J. 1999 . Desmin degradation in postmortem fish muscle . J. Food Sci. , 64 ( 2 ) : 240 – 242 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verrez-Bagnis , V. , Ladrat , C. , Morzel , M. , Noël , J. and Fleurence , J. 2001 . Protein changes in postmortem sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) muscle monitored by one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis . Electrophoresis , 22 : 1539 – 1544 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ladrat , C. , Chaplet , M. , Verrez-Bagnis , V. , Noël , J. and Fleurence , J. 2000 . Neutral calcium-activated proteases from European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) muscle: Polymorphism and biochemistry studies . Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , 125B : 83 – 95 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Ladrat , C. , Verrez-Bagnis , V. , Noël , J. and Fleurence , J. 2002 . Milli-calpain from sea bass (Dicentrarchus Labrax) white muscle: Purification, characterization of its activity and activation in vitro . Mar. Biotechnol. , 4 ( 1 ) : 51 – 62 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verrez-Bagnis , V. , Ladrat , C. , Noelle , J. and Fleurence , J. 2002 . In vitro proteolysis of european sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins by an endogenous m-calpain . J. Sci Food Agric. , 82 : 1256 – 1262 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iwamoto , M. , Yamanaka , H. , Abe , H. , Ushio , H. , Watabe , S. and Hashimoto , K. 1988 . ATP and creatine phosphate breakdown in spliced plaice muscle during storage, and activities of some enzymes involved . J. Food Sci. , 53 : 1662 – 1665 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nazir , D. J. and Magar , N. G. 1963 . Biochemical changes in fish muscle during rigor mortis . J. Food Sci. , 28 ( 1 ) : 1 – 7 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watabe , S. , Ushio , H. , Iwamoto , M. , Kamal , M. , Ioka , H. and Hashimoto , K. 1989 . Rigor-mortis progress of sardine and mackerel in association with ATP degradation and lactate accumulation . Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi , 55 ( 10 ) : 1833 – 1839 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Church , N. 1998 . MAP fish and crustaceans—sensory enhancement . Food Sci. Technol. Today , 12 ( 2 ) : 73 – 83 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Mestre Prates , J. 2002 . Factors and mechanisms responsible for meat ageing . Revue Med. Vet. , 153 ( 7 ) : 499 – 506 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harper , G. S. 1999 . Trends in skeletal muscle biology and the understanding of toughness in beef . Aust. J. Agric. Res. , 50 ( 7 ) : 1105 – 1129 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Bate-Smith , E. and Bendall , J. 1947 . Rigor mortis and adenosine triphosphate . J. Physiol. , 106 : 177 – 185 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeacocke , R. 1984 . The kinetics of rigor onset in beef muscle fibres . Meat Sci. , 11 ( 4 ) : 237 – 251 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reedy , M. and Holmes , K. 1965 . Induced changes in orientation of the cross-bridges of glycerinated insect flight muscle . Nature , 207 : 1276 – 1280 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watanabe , E. and Turner , A. P.F. 1993 . Biosensors for the quality control of fish meat . Agro-Food-Ind. Hi-Tech , March/April : 1 – 16 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Jerret , A. and Holland , A. 1998 . Rigor tension development in excised rested, partially exercised, and exhausted Chinook salmon white muscle . J. Food Sci. , 63 : 48 – 52 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sigholt , T. , Erikson , U. , Rustad , T. , Johansen , S. , Nordtvedt , T. and Seland , A. 1997 . Handling stress and storage temperature affect meat quality of farmed-raised Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) . J. Food Sci. , 62 : 898 – 905 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skjervold , P. , Fjaera , S. , Ostby , P. and Einen , O. 2001 . Live chilling and crowding in Atlantic salmon before slaughter . Aquaculture , 192 : 265 – 280 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ando , M. , Toyohara , H. , Shimizu , Y. and Sakaguchi , M. 1991 . Post-mortem tenderization of fish muscle proceeds independently of resolution of rigor mortis . Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi , 57 ( 6 ) : 1165 – 1169 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koohmaraie , M. 1996 . Biochemical factors regulating the toughening and tenderization process of meat . Meat Sci. , 43 ( S ) : 193 – 201 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Taylor , R. , Fjaera , S. and Skjervold , P. 2002 . Salmon fillet texture is determined by myofiber-myofiber and myofiber-myocommata attachment . J. Food Sci. , 67 ( 6 ) : 2067 – 2071 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor , R. G. , Geesink , G. H. , Thompson , V. F. , Koohmaraie , M. and Goll , D. E. 1995 . Is Z-disk degradation responsible for postmortem tenderization? . J. Anim. Sci. , 73 : 1351 – 1367 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steen , D. , Claeys , E. , Uytterhaegen , L. , De Smet , S. and Demeyer , D. 1997 . Early post-mortem conditions and the calpain/calpastatin system in relation to tenderness of double-muscled beef . Meat Sci. , 45 ( 3 ) : 307 – 319 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ando , M. , Toyohara , H. , Shimizu , Y. and Sakaguchi , M. 1993 . Post-mortem tenderization of fish muscle due to weakening of pericellular connective tissue . Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi , 59 ( 6 ) : 1073 – 1076 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fauconneau , B. , Gray , C. and Houlihan , D. F. 1995 . Assessment of individual protein turnover in three muscle types of rainbow trout . Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , 111B ( 1 ) : 45 – 51 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Nakagawa , T. , Watabe , S. and Hashimoto , K. 1988 . Identification of three major components in fish sarcoplasmic proteins . Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi , 54 ( 6 ) : 999 – 1004 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakagawa , T. , Watabe , S. and Hashimoto , K. 1988 . Electrophoretic analysis of sarcoplasmic proteins from fish muscle on polyacrylamide gels . Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi , 54 ( 6 ) : 993 – 998 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huss , H. 1999 . “ La qualité et son évolution dans le poisson frais ” . In FAO Document technique sur les pêches 198 Rome, FAO N°348
   Google Scholar
• Greaser , M. 1991 . An overview of the muscle cell cytoskeleton . Proc. Recip. Meat Conf. , 44 : 1 – 5 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Small , J. , Furst , D. and Thornell , L. 1992 . The cytoskeletal lattice of muscle cells . Eur. J. Biochem. , 208 : 559 – 572 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goll , D. E. , Dayton , W. R. , Singh , I. and Robson , R. M. 1991 . Studies of the α-actinin/actin interaction in the Z-disk by using calpain . J. Biol. Chem. , 266 ( 13 ) : 8501 – 8510 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vigoreaux , J. O. 1994 . The muscle Z band: Lessons in stress management . J. Muscle Res. Cell Motility , 15 : 237 – 255 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koretz , J. , Irving , T. and Wang , K. 1993 . Filamentous aggregates of native titin and binding of C-protein and AMP-deaminase . Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , 304 ( 2 ) : 305 – 309 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robson , R. 1995 . “ Myofibrillar and cytoskeletal structures and proteins in mature skeletal muscle cells ” . In Workshop on Expression, Regulation and Role of Proteinases in Muscle Development and Meat Quality , Edited by: Ouali , A. , Smulders , F. and Demyer , D. Nijmegem, , The Netherlands : Audet Tejdschriften bv .
   Google Scholar
• Joseph , C. , Stier , G. , O'Brien , R. , Politou , A. S. , Atkinson , R. A. , Bianco , A. , Ladbury , J. E. , Martin , S. R. and Pastore , A. 2001 . A structural characterization of the interactions between titin Z-repeats and the alpha-actinin C-terminal domain . Biochem. , 40 : 4957 – 4965 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , S. and Jeng , C. 1992 . Interaction between titin and α -actinin . Biomed. Res. , 13 : 197 – 202 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heeley , D. H. and Hong , C. 1994 . Isolation and characterization of tropomyosin from fish muscle . Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , 108B ( 1 ) : 95 – 106 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• McCormick , R. 1994 . The flexibility of the collagen compartment of muscle . Meat Sci. , 36 : 79 – 91 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Purslow , P. The intramuscular connective tissue matrix and cell/matrix interactions in relation to meat toughness . 45th ICoMST Proc. pp. 210 – 219 .
   Google Scholar
• Bremner , H. A. 1992 . “ Fish flesh structure and the role of collagen—its post-mortem aspects and implications for fish processing ” . In Quality Assurance in the Fish Industry , Edited by: Huss , H. H. and et , a l . 39 – 62 . Elsevier Science .
   Google Scholar
• Sato , K. , Yoshinaka , R. , Itoh , Y. and Sato , M. 1989 . Molecular species of collagen in the intramuscular connective tissue of fish . Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , 92B : 87 – 91 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Busconi , L. , Folco , E. J. , Martone , C. B. and Sanchez , J. J. 1989 . Postmortem changes in cytoskeletal elements of fish muscle . J. Food Biochem. , 13 : 443 – 451 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ofstad , R. , Egelendsdal , B. , Kidman , S. , Myklebust , R. , Olsen , R. L. and Hermansson , A.-M. 1996 . Liquid loss as effected by post mortem ultrastructural changes in fish muscle: cod (Gadus morhua L) and salmon (Salmo salar) . J. Sci. Food Agric. , 71 : 301 – 312 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seki , N. and Watanabe , T. 1984 . Connectin content and its port-mortem changes in fish muscle . J. Biochem. , 95 : 1161 – 1167 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Astier , C. , Labbe , J.-P. , Roustan , C. and Benyamin , Y. 1991 . Sarcomeric disorganization in post-mortem fish muscles . Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , 100B ( 3 ) : 459 – 465 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Papa , I. , Taylor , R. G. , Astier , C. , Ventre , F. , Lebart , M. C. , Roustan , C. , Ouali , A. and Benyamin , Y. 1997 . Dystrophin cleavage and sarcolemma detachment are early post mortem changes on bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) white muscle . J. Food Sci. , 62 ( 5 ) : 917 – 921 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papa , I. , Alvarez , C. , Verrez-Bagnis , V. , Fleurence , J. and Benyamin , Y. 1996 . Post mortem release of fish white muscle α-actinin as a marker of disorganisation . J. Sci. Food Agric. , 72 ( 1 ) : 63 – 70 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsuchiya , H. and Seki , N. 1991 . Action of calpain on α-actinin within and isolated from carp myofibrils . Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi , 57 ( 6 ) : 1133 – 1139 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hwan , S.-F. and Bandman , E. 1989 . Studies of desmin and α-actinin degradation in bovine semitendinosus muscle . J. Food Sci. , 54 ( 6 ) : 1426 – 1430 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ingolfsdottir , S. Post mortem changes in fish muscle proteins. Structural changes . Proceedings of the Final Meeting of the Concerted Action “Evaluation of Fish Freshness” . Methods to determine the freshness of fish in research and industry , Edited by: Olafsdottir , G. , Luten , J. , Dalgaard , P. , Careche , M. , Verrez-Bagnis , V. , Martinsdottir , E. and Heia , K. pp. 198 – 203 . Nantes : International Institute of Refrigeration . AIRCT94 2283
   Google Scholar
• Ando , M. , Yoshimoto , Y. , Inabu , K. , Nakagawa , T. and Makinodan , Y. 1995 . Post-mortem change of three-dimensional structure of collagen fibrillar network in fish muscle pericellular connective tissues corresponding to post-mortem tenderization . Fisheries Sci. , 61 ( 2 ) : 327 – 330 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ando , M. , Nishiyabu , A. , Tsukamasa , Y. and Makinodan , Y. 1999 . Post mortem softening of fish muscle during chilled storage as affected by bleeding . J. Food Sci. , 64 ( 3 ) : 423 – 428 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sato , K. , Ando , M. , Kubota , S. , Origasa , K. , Kawase , H. , Toyohara , H. , Sakaguchi , M. , Nakagawa , T. , Makinodan , Y. , Ohtsuki , K. and Kawabata , M. 1997 . Involvement of type V collagen in softening of fish muscle during short-term chilled storage . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 45 : 343 – 348 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shigemura , Y. , Ando , M. , Tsukamasa , Y. , Makinodan , Y. and Kawai , T. 2003 . Correlation of type V collagen content with post-mortem softening of fish meat during chilled storage . Fisheries Sci. , 69 ( 4 ) : 842 – 848 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eckhoff , K. , Aidos , I. , Hemre , G. and Lie , O. 1998 . Collagen content in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, L.) and subsequent changes in solubility during storage on ice . Food Chem. , 62 ( 2 ) : 197 – 200 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aidos , I. , Lie , Ø. L. and Espe , M. 1999 . Collagen content in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 47 : 1440 – 1444 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olsson , G. , Ofstad , R. , Lodemel , J. and Olsen , R. 2003 . Changes in water-holding capacity of halibut muscle during cold storage . Lebensm-Wiss. Technol. , 36 ( 8 ) : 771 – 778 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montero , P. and Borderias , J. 1990 . Distribution and hardness of muscle connective tissue in hake (Merluccius merluccius L.) and trout (Salmo irideus Gibb) . Z. Lebensm. Unters. F. , 189 : 530 – 533 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Sato , K. , Ohashi , C. , Ohtsuki , K. and Kawabata , M. 1991 . Type V collagen in trout (Salmo gairdneri) muscle and its solubility change during chilled storage of muscle . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 39 : 1222 – 1225 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho , C. Y. , Stromer , M. H. and Robson , R. M. 1994 . Identification of the 30 kDa polypeptide in post mortem skeletal muscle as a degradation product of troponin-T . Biochimie , 76 : 369 – 375 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor , R. G. and Koohmaraie , M. 1998 . Effects of postmortem storage on the ultrastructure of the endomysium and myofibrils in normal and callipyge longissimus . J. Anim. Sci. , 76 ( 11 ) : 2811 – 2817 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geesink , G. , Morton , J. , Kent , M. and Bickerstaffe , R. 2000 . Partial purification and characterization of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) calpains and an evaluation of their role in postmortem proteolysis . J. Food Sci. , 65 ( 8 ) : 1318 – 1324 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsuchiya , H. , Kita , S. and Seki , N. 1992 . Post-mortem changes in a-actinin and connectin in carp and rainbow trout muscle . Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi , 58 : 793 – 798 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olson , D. G. , Parrish , F. C. and Stromer , M. H. 1976 . Myofibril fragmentation and shear resistance of three bovine muscles during postmortem storage . J. Food Sci. , 41 : 1036 – 1041 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Love , R. , Lavety , J. and Garcia , N. 1972 . The connective tissues of fish VI. Mechanical studies on isolated myocommata . J. Food Technol. , 7 : 291 – 301 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Yamaguchi , K. , Lavety , J. and Love , R. 1976 . The connective tissues of fish VIII. Comparative studies on hake, cod and catfish collagens . J. Food Technol. , 11 : 389 – 399 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Haard , N. F. 1990 . Enzymes from food myosystems . J. Muscle Foods , 1 : 293 – 338 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Blanchard , P. J. and Mantle , D. 1996 . Comparison of proteolytic enzyme levels in chicken, pig, lamb and rabbit muscle at point of slaughter: Role in meat tenderisation post mortem . J. Sci. Food Agric. , 71 : 83 – 91 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahlmann , B. and Kuehn , L. 1995 . The 20S/26S proteasomal pathway of protein degradation in muscle tissue . Molec. Biol. Reports , 21 : 57 – 62 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Attaix , D. , Aurousseau , E. , Combaret , L. , Kee , A. , Larbaud , D. , Rallière , C. , Souweine , B. , Taillander , D. and Tilignac , T. 1998 . Ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent proteolysis in skeletal muscle . Reprod. Nutr. Dev. , 38 : 153 – 165 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Avila , J. L. 1997 . Proteasomes: Multicatalytic proteinase complexes . Interciencia , 22 ( 2 ) : 51 – 59 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Otsuka , Y. , Homma , N. , Shiga , K. , Ushiki , J. , Ikeuchi , Y. and Suzuki , A. 1998 . Purification and properties of rabbit muscle proteasome, and its effect on myofibrillar structure . Meat Sci. , 49 ( 4 ) : 365 – 378 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koohmaraie , M. 1992 . Ovine skeletal muscle multicatalytic proteinase complex (proteasome): Purification, characterization, and comparison of its effects on myofibrils with μ-calpains . J. Anim. Sci. , 70 : 3697 – 3708 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mykles , D. L. and Haire , M. F. 1995 . Branched-chain-amino-acid-preferring peptidase activity of the lobster multicatalytic proteinase (proteasome) and the degradation of myofibrillar proteins . Biochem. J. , 306 : 285 – 291 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolodziejska , I. and Sikorski , Z. E. 1995 . Muscle cathepsins of marine fish and invertebrates . Polish J. Food Nutr. Sci. , 4 ( 45 ) : 3 – 10 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Aoki , T. , Yamashita , T. and Ueno , R. 2000 . Distribution of cathepsins in red and white muscles among fish species . Fisheries Sci. , 66 ( 4 ) : 776 – 782 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goll , D. , Thompson , V. , Li , H. , Wei , W. and Cong , J. 2003 . The calpain system . Physiologic. Rev. , 83 : 731 – 801 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molinari , M. and Carafoli , E. 1997 . Calpain: A cytosolic proteinase active at the membranes . J. Membr. Biol. , 156 : 1 – 8 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorimachi , H. , Ishiura , S. and Suzuki , K. 1997 . Structure and physiological function of calpains . Biochem. J. , 328 : 721 – 732 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorimachi , H. , Imajoh-Ohmi , S. , Emori , Y. , Kawasaki , H. , Ohno , S. , Minami , Y. and Suzuki , K. 1989 . Molecular cloning of a novel mammalian calcium-dependent protease distinct from both m- and μ -types. Specific expression of the mRNA in skeletal muscle . J. Biol. Chem. , 264 ( 33 ) : 20106 – 20111 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kinbara , K. , Ishiura , S. , Tomioka , S. , Sorimachi , H. , Jeong , S. Y. , Amano , S. , Kawasaki , H. , Kolmerer , B. , Kimura , S. , Labeit , S. and Suzuki , K. 1998 . Purification of native p94, a muscle specific calpain, and characterization of its autolysis . Biochem. J. , 335 ( Part 3 ) : 589 – 596 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lee , H. J. , Tomioka , S. , Kinbara , K. , Masumoto , H. , Jeong , S. Y. , Sorimachi , H. , Ishiura , S. and Suzuki , K. 1999 . Characterization of a human digestive tract specific calpain, nCL 4, expressed in the baculovirus system . Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , 362 ( 1 ) : 22 – 31 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun , C. , Engel , M. , Theisinger , B. , Welter , C. and Seifert , M. 1999 . CAPN 8: Isolation of a new mouse calpain isoenzyme . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , 260 ( 3 ) : 671 – 675 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suzuki , K. and Ohno , S. 1990 . Calcium activated neutral protease—Structure-function relationship and funtional implications- . Cell Struct. Funct. , 15 : 1 – 6 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Croall , D. E. and Demartino , G. N. 1991 . Calcium-activated neutral protease (calpain) system: Structure, function, and regulation . Physiologic. Rev. , 71 ( 3 ) : 813 – 847 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hosfield , C. M. , Elce , J. S. , Davies , P. L. and Jia , Z. C. 1999 . Crystal structure of calpain reveals the structural basis for Ca2+ dependent protease activity and a novel mode of enzyme activation . EMBO J. , 18 ( 24 ) : 6880 – 6889 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goll , D. E. , Thompson , V. F. , Taylor , R. G. and Zalewska , T. 1992 . Is calpain activity regulated by membranes and autolysis or by calcium and calpastatin? . BioEssays , 14 ( 8 ) : 549 – 555 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carafoli , E. and Molinari , M. 1998 . Calpain: A protease in search of a function? . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , 247 ( 2 ) : 193 – 203 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson , G. V.W. and Guttmann , R. P. 1997 . Calpains: Intact and active . BioEssays , 19 ( 11 ) : 1011 – 1018 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birkedal-Hansen , H. , Moore , W. , Bodden , M. , Windsor , L. , Birkedal-Hansen , B. , DeCarlo , A. and Engler , J. 1993 . Matrix metalloproteinases: A review . Crit. Rev. Oral Biol. Med. , 4 : 197 – 250 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bracho , G. and Haard , N. 1995 . Identification of two matrix metalloproteinases in the skeletal muscle of pacific rockfish (Sebastes sp.) . J. Food Biochem. , 19 : 299 – 319 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoknes , I. and Rustad , T. 1995 . Proteolytic activity in muscle from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) . J. Food Sci. , 60 ( 4 ) : 711 – 714 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lodemel , J. , Maehre , H. , Winberg , J. and Olsen , R. 2004 . Tissue distribution, inhibition and activation of gelatinolytic activities in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) . Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , 137B : 363 – 371 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Saito , M. , Sato , K. , Kunisaki , N. and Kimura , S. 2000 . Characterization of a rainbow trout matrix metalloproteinase capable of degrading type I collagen . Eur. J. Biochem. , 267 ( 23 ) : 6943 – 6950 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Saito , M. , Kunisaki , N. , Urano , N. and Kimura , S. 2000 . Characterization of cDNA clone encoding the matrix metalloproteinase 2 from rain bow trout fibroblast . Fisheries Sci. , 66 : 334 – 342 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomez Guillen , M. C. , Montero , P. , Hurtado , O. and Borderias , A. 2000 . J. Biological characteristics affect the quality of farmed Atlantic salmon and smoked muscle . J. Food Sci. , 65 ( 1 ) : 53 – 60 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ando , S. , Hatano , M. and Zama , K. 1986 . Protein degradation and protease activity of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) muscle during spawning migration . Fish Physiol. Biochem. , 1 ( 1 ) : 17 – 26 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ando , S. , Hatano , M. and Zama , K. 1985 . Deterioration of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) muscle during spawning migration-I. Changes in proximate composition of chum salmon muscle during spawning migration . Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , 80B ( 2 ) : 303 – 307 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Beaulieu , M. A. and Guderley , H. 1998 . Changes in qualitative composition of white muscle with nutritional status of Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua . Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , 121A ( 2 ) : 135 – 141 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Gomez-Guillen , M. C. and Batista , I. 1997 . Seasonal changes and preliminary characterization of cathepsin D-like activity in sardine (Sardina pilchardus) muscle . Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. , 32 : 255 – 260 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamashita , M. and Konagaya , S. 1990 . High activities of cathepsins B, D, H and L in the white muscle of chum salmon in spawning migration . Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , 95B ( 1 ) : 149 – 152 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Yamashita , M. and Konagaya , S. 1991 . Immunohistochemical localization of cathepsins B and L in the white muscle of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) in spawning migration: Probable participation of phagocytes rich in cathepsins in extensive muscle softening of the mature salmon . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 39 : 1402 – 1405 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakashima , K. , Ohtsuka , A. and Hayashi , K. 1998 . Effects of thyroid hormones on myofibrillar proteolysis and activities of calpain, proteasome, and cathepsin in primary cultured chick muscle cells . J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. , 44 ( 6 ) : 799 – 807 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toyohara , H. , Ito , K. , Hori , N. , Touhata , K. , Kinoshita , M. , Kubota , S. , Sato , K. , Ohtsuki , K. and Sakaguchi , M. 1998 . Effect of steroid hormone administration on the breakdown of muscle proteins in ayu . Fisheries Sci. , 64 ( 3 ) : 419 – 422 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luno , M. , Beltran , J. A. , Jaime , I. and Roncales , P. 1999 . Textural assessment of clenbuterol treatment in beef . Meat Sci. , 51 ( 4 ) : 297 – 303 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayashi , K. , Tada , O. , Higuchi , K. and Ohtsuka , A. 2000 . Effects of corticosterone on connectin content and protein breakdown in rat skeletal muscle . Biosci., Biotechnol., Biochem. , 64 ( 12 ) : 2686 – 2688 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnston , I. A. 1999 . Muscle development and growth: Potential implications for flesh quality in fish . Aquaculture , 177 : 99 – 115 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnston , I. A. 1982 . Physiology of muscle in hatchery raised fish . Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , 73B ( 1 ) : 105 – 124 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Matsuishi , M. and Okitani , A. 1997 . Proteasome from rabbit skeletal muscle: Some properties and effects on muscle proteins . Meat Sci. , 45 ( 4 ) : 451 – 462 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eggen , K. and Ekholt , W. Degradation of decorin in bovine M. Semimembranosus during postmortem storage . 41st ICoMST Proc. pp. 662 – 663 .
   Google Scholar
• Fox , J. , Taylor , R. , Taffarel , M. , Boyles , J. and Goll , D. 1993 . Evidence that activation of platelet calpain is induced as a consequence of binding of adhesive ligand to the integrin glycoprotein IIbIIIa . J. Cell Biol. , 120 : 1501 – 1507 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goll , D. E. , Kleese , W. C. , Kumamoto , T. , Cong , J. and Szpacenko , A. 1989 . “ search of the regulation and function of the Ca2+-dependent proteinases (calpains) ” . In Intracellular Proteolysis, Mechanisms and Regulation , Edited by: Katnuma , N. and Kominami , E. 82 – 91 . Tokyo : Japanese Scientific Societies Press .
   Google Scholar
• Shimada , K. , Ahn , D. H. and Takahashi , K. 1998 . Liberation of phospholipids from Z-disks of chicken skeletal muscle myofibrils by 0.1 mM calcium ions: Weakening mechanism for Z-disks during post-mortem aging of meat . Biosci., Biotechnol., Biochem. , 62 ( 5 ) : 919 – 926 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baki , A. , Tompa , P. , Alexa , A. , Molnar , O. and Friedrich , P. 1996 . Autolysis parallels activation of μ-calpain . Biochem. J. , 318 : 897 – 901 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson , P. 1990 . Calpains (intracellular calcium-activated cysteine proteinases): Structure-activity relationships and involvement in normal and abnormal cellular metabolism . Int. J. Biochem. , 22 ( 8 ) : 811 – 822 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mellgren , R. L. 1987 . Calcium-dependent proteases: An enzyme system active at cellular membranes? . FASEB J. , 1 : 110 – 115 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takahashi , K. 1992 . Non-enzymatic weakening of myofibrillar structures during conditioning of meat: Calcium ions at 0.1 mM and their effect on meat tenderization . Biochimie , 74 : 247 – 250 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takahashi , K. 1996 . Structural weakening of skeletal muscle tissue during post-mortem ageing of meat: The non-enzymatic mechanism of meat tenderization . Meat Sci. , 43 ( S ) : S67 – S80 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Tatsumi , R. and Takahashi , K. 1992 . Calcium-induced fragmentation of skeletal muscle nebulin filaments . J. Biochem. , 112 : 775 – 779 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takahashi , K. , Kim , O. H. and Yano , K. 1987 . Calcium-induced weakening of Z-disks in postmortem skeletal muscle . J. Biochem. , 101 ( 3 ) : 767 – 773 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geesink , G. , Taylor , R. , Bekhit , A. and Bickerstaffe , R. 2001 . Evidence against the non-enzymatic calcium theory of tenderization . Meat Sci. , 59 ( 4 ) : 417 – 422 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koohmaraie , M. 1992 . The role of Ca2+-dependent proteases (calpains) in post mortem proteolysis and meat tenderness . Biochimie , 74 : 239 – 245 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koohmaraie , M. , Shackelford , S. , Wheeler , T. , Lonergan , S. and Doumit , M. 1995 . A muscle hypertrophy condition in lamb (Callipyge): Characterization of effects on muscle growth and meat quality traits . J. Anim. Sci. , 73 ( 12 ) : 3596 – 3606 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aoki , T. and Ueno , R. 1997 . Involvement of cathepsins B and L in the post-mortem autolysis of mackerel muscle . Food Res. Int. , 30 ( 8 ) : 585 – 591 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aranishi , F. , Ogata , H. , Hara , K. , Osatomi , K. and Ishihara , T. 1998 . Susceptibility of opioid peptides and myofibrillar proteins to carp cathepsin L . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 46 ( 2 ) : 388 – 392 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang , S.-T. , Lee , J.-J. and Chen , H.-C. 1996 . Proteolysis of actomyosin by cathepsins B, L, L-like, and X from mackerel (Scomber australasicus) . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 44 : 769 – 773 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogata , H. , Aranishi , F. , Hara , K. , Osatomi , K. and Ishihara , T. 1998 . Proteolytic degradation of myofibrillar components by carp cathepsin L . J. Sci. Food Agric. , 76 : 499 – 504 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Purintrapiban , J. , Wang , M. and Forsberg , N. 2001 . Identification of glycogen phosphorylase and creatine kinase as calpain substrates in skeletal muscle . Int. J. Biochel. Cell Biol. , 33 ( 5 ) : 531 – 540 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ladrat , C. , Verrez-Bagnis , V. , Noël , J. and Fleurence , J. 2003 . In vitro proteolysis of myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins of white muscle of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.): Effects of cathepsins B, D and L . Food Chem. , 81 : 517 – 525 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hochachka , P. W. and Brill , R. W. 1987 . Autocatalytic pathways to cell death: A new analysis of the tuna burn problem . Fish Physiol. Biochem. , 4 : 81 – 87 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kubota , M. , Kinoshita , M. , Kubota , S. , Yamashita , M. , Toyohara , H. and Sakaguchi , M. 2001 . Possible implication of metalloproteinases in post-mortem tenderization of fish muscle . Fisheries Sci. , 67 ( 5 ) : 965 – 968 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hallett , I. C. and Bremner , H. A. 1988 . Fine structure of the myocommata-muscle fibre junction in hoki (Macruronus novaezelandiae) . J. Sci. Food Agric. , 44 : 245 – 261 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kubota , M. , Kinoshita , M. , Takeuchi , K. , Kubota , S. , Toyohara , H. and Sakaguchi , M. 2003 . Solubilization of type I collagen from fish muscle connective tissue by matrix metalloproteinase-9 at chilled temperature . Fisheries Sci. , 69 ( 5 ) : 1053 – 1059 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lødemel , J. and Olsen , R. 2003 . Gelatinolytic activities in muscle of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), spotted wolffish (Anarhichas minor) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) . J. Sci. Food. Agric. , 83 : 1031 – 1036 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sentandreu , M. A. , Coulis , G. and Ouali , A. 2002 . Role of muscle endopeptidases and their inhibitors in meat tenderness . Trends Food Sci. Technol. , 13 : 398 – 419 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delbarre-Ladrat , C. , Verrez-Bagnis , V. , Noël , J. and Fleurence , J. 2004 . Relative contribution of calpain and cathepsins to protein degradation in muscle of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L) . Food Chem. , 88 : 389 – 395 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olafsdottir , G. , Martinsdottir , E. , Oehlenschläger , J. , Dalgaard , P. , Jensen , B. , Undeland , I. , Mackie , I. M. , Henehan , G. , Nielsen , J. and Nilsen , H. 1997 . Methods to evaluate fish freshness in research and industry . Trends Food Sci. Technol. , 8 : 258 – 265 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sikorski , Z. E. 1990 . Seafood: Resources, Nutritional Composition, and Preservation , Edited by: Sikorski , Z. E. 231 CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bremner , H. and Sakaguchi , M. 2000 . A critical look at whether “freshness” can be determined . J. Aquatic Food Prod. Technol. , 9 ( 3 ) : 5 – 25 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Simeonidou , S. , Govaris , A. and Vareltzis , K. 1998 . Quality assessment of seven Mediterranean fish species during storage on ice . Food Res. Int. , 30 ( 7 ) : 479 – 484 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saito , T. , Arai , K. and Matuyoshi , M. 1959 . A new method for estimating the freshness of fish . Bull. Japan. Soc. Scient. Fisheries , 25 : 749 – 750 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Lakshmanam , P. T. and Gopakumar , P. 1999 . K value, an index for estimating fish freshness and quality . Curr. Sci. , 76 ( 3 ) : 400 – 404 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poli , B. M. , Geri , G. , Mascini , M. , Parisi , G. , Mecatti , M. and Guidotti , P. 1996 . Estimate of post mortem loss of fish frshness with a biosensor system in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) at different storage temperature . Froid et Aquaculture , : 357 – 362 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Duflos , G. , Dervin , C. , Malle , P. and Bouquelet , S. 1999 . Use of biogenic amines to evaluate spoilage in plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) and whiting (Merlangus merlangus) . J. AOAC Int. , 82 ( 6 ) : 1357 – 1363 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Undeland , I. Lipid oxidation in fish—causes, changes and measurements . Proceedings of the Final Meeting of the Concerted Action “Evaluation of Fish Freshness” . Methods to determine the freshness of fish in research and industry , Edited by: Olafsdottir , G. , Luten , J. , Dalgaard , P. , Careche , M. , Verrez-Bagnis , V. , Martinsdottir , E. and Heia , K. pp. 241 – 257 . International Institute of Refrigeration . AIRCT94 2283. Nantes
   Google Scholar
• Gibson , D. and Ogden , I. Total viable counts . Proceedings of the Final Meeting of the Concerted Action “Evaluation of Fish Freshness” . Methods to determine the freshness of fish in research and industry , Edited by: Olafsdottir , G. , Luten , J. , Dalgaard , P. , Careche , M. , Verrez-Bagnis , V. , Martinsdottir , E. and Heia , K. pp. 147 – 150 . International Institute of Refrigeration . AIRCT94 2283. Nantes
   Google Scholar
• Ogden , I. and Meyer , C. Rapid and differential methods in fish microbiology . Proceedings of the Final Meeting of the Concerted Action “Evaluation of Fish Freshness” . Methods to determine the freshness of fish in research and industry , Edited by: Olafsdottir , G. , Luten , J. , Dalgaard , P. , Careche , M. , Verrez-Bagnis , V. , Martinsdottir , E. and Heia , K. pp. 151 – 157 . International Institute of Refrigeration . AIRCT94 2283. Nantes
   Google Scholar
• Olafsdottir , G. , Nesvadba , P. , Di Natale , C. , Careche , M. , Oehlenschläger , J. , Tryggvadottir , S. , Schubring , R. , Kroeger , M. , Heia , K. , Esaiassen , M. , Macagnano , A. and Jorgensen , B. 2004 . Multisensor for fish quality determination . Trends Food Sci. Technol. , 15 : 86 – 93 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kyrana , V. and Lougovois , V. 2002 . Sensory, chemical and microbiological assessment of farm-raised European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) stored in melting ice . Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. , 37 : 319 – 328 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Touhata , K. , Tanaka , M. , Toyohara , H. , Tanaka , H. and Sakaguchi , M. 2000 . Seasonal change in collagen content of red seabream muscle . Fisheries Sci. , 66 ( 3 ) : 553 – 557 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thakur , D. , Morioka , K. I.Y. and Obatake , A. 2002 . Influence of muscle biochemical constituents on the meat texture of cultured yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) at different anatomical locations . J. Sci. Food. Agric. , 82 : 1541 – 1550 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bugeon , J. , Lefevre , F. and Fauconneau , B. 2003 . Fillet texture and muscle structure in brown trout (Salmo trutta) subjected to long-term exercise . Aquaculture Res. , 34 : 1287 – 1295 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gil , M. , Hortos , M. and Sarraga , C. 1998 . Calpain and cathepsin activities, and protein extractability during ageing of longissimus porcine muscle from normal and IPSE meat . Food Chem. , 63 ( 3 ) : 385 – 390 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toyohara , H. , Ando , M. and Shimizu , Y. 1990 . Appearance of a 38,000-dalton component possibly associated with post-mortem tenderization of rainbow trout muscle . Agric. Biol. Chem. , 54 ( 6 ) : 1575 – 1576 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonnal , C. , Raynaud , F. , Astier , C. , Lebart , M. , Marcilhac , A. , Coves , D. , Corraze , G. , Gelineau , A. , Fleurence , T. , Roustan , C. and Benyamin , Y. 2001 . Postmortem degradation of white fish skeletal muscle (Sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax): Fat diet effects on in situ dystrophin proteolysis during the prerigor stage . Mar. Biotechnol. , 3 ( 2 ) : 172 – 180 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delbarre-Ladrat , C. , Verrez-Bagnis , V. , Noel , J. and Fleurence , J. 2004 . Proteolytic potential in white muscle of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) during post mortem storage on ice: time-dependent changes in the activity of the components of the calpain system . Food Chem. , 84 ( 3 ) : 441 – 446 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell , K. 1995 . Three muscular dystrophies: Loss of cytoskeleton—extramatrix linkage . Cell , 80 : 675 – 678 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trinick , J. 1994 . Titin and nebulin: Protein rulers in muscle? . TIBS , 19 : 405 – 409 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar