Antimicrobial Edible Films and Coatings for Fresh and Minimally Processed Fruits and Vegetables: A Review

REFERENCES

• Badawy , M. E. I. and Rabea , E. I. 2009 . Potential of the biopolymer chitosan with different molecular weights to control postharvest gray mold of tomato fruit . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 51 : 397 – 402 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baldwin , E. 1999 . “ Surface treatments and edible coating in food preservation ” . In Handbook of Food Preservation, Ch. 20 , Edited by: Rahman , M. S. 577 – 609 . NY : Marcel Dekker, Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Baldwin , E. A. and Baker , R. A. 2002 . “ Use of Protein in edible coatings for whole and minimally processed fruit and vegetables ” . In Protein-Based Films and Coatings, Ch. 20 , Edited by: Gennadios , A. 501 – 515 . Boca Raton , FL : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bautista-Baños , S. , Hernández-López , M. , Bosquez-Molina , E. and Wilson , C. L. 2003 . Effect of chitosan and plant extracts on growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporoides, anthracnose levels and quality of papaya fruit . Crop Prot. , 22 : 1087 – 1092 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benhamou , N. 2004 . Potential of the mycoparasite, Verticillium lecanii, to protect citrus fruit against Penicillium digitatum, the causal agent of green mold: A comparison with the effect of chitosan . Phytopathology , 94 : 693 – 705 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cagri , A. , Ustunol , Z. and Ryser , E. T. 2001 . Antimicrobial, mechanical, and moisture barrier properties of low pH whey protein-based edible films containing p-aminobenzoic or sorbic acids . J. Food Sci. , 66 : 865 – 870 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cagri , A. , Ustunol , Z. and Ryser , E. T. 2004 . Antimicrobial edible films and coatings . J. Food Prot. , 67 : 833 – 848 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campaniello , D. , Bevilacqua , A. , Sinigaglia , M. and Corbo , M. R. 2008 . Chitosan: Antimicrobial activity and potential applications for preserving minimally processed strawberries . Food Microbiol , 25 : 992 – 1000 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cha , D. and Chinnan , M. 2004 . Biopolymer-based antimicrobial packaging: A review . Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. , 44 : 223 – 227 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , M-C. , Yeh , G. H-C. and Chiang , B-H. 1996 . Antimicrobial and physicochemical properties of methylcellulose and chitosan films containing a preservative . J. Food Process. Preserv. , 20 : 379 – 390 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chien , P. J. and Chou , C. C. 2006 . Antifungal activity of chitosan and its application to control post-harvest quality and fungal rotting of Tankan citrus fruit (Citrus tankan Hayata) . J. Sci. Food Agric , 86: : 1964 – 1969 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chien , P-J. , Sheu , F. and Lin , H-R. 2007 . Coating citrus (Murcott tangor) fruit with low molecular weight chitosan increases postharvest quality and shelf life . Food Chem , 100 : 1160 – 1164 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chipley , J. 2005 . “ Sodium benzoate and benzoic acid ” . In Antimicrobials in Food, Ch. 2 , Edited by: Davidson , P. M. , Sofos , J. N. and Branen , A. L. 11 – 48 . Boca Raton , FL : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Coma , V. , Martial-Gros , A. , Garreu , S. , Copinet , A. , Salin , F. and Deschamps , A. 2002 . Edible antimicrobial films based on chitosan matrix . J. Food Sci. , 67 : 1162 – 1169 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cong , F. , Zhang , Y. and Dong , W. 2007 . Use of surface coatings with natamycin to improve the storability of Hami melon at ambient temperature . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 46 : 71 – 75 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corrales , M. , Han , J. H. and Tauscher , B. 2009 . Antimicrobial properties of grape seed extracts and their effectiveness after incorporation into pea starch films . Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. , 44 : 425 – 433 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuppet , S. 1994 . “ Edible coatings as carriers of food additives, fungicides and natural antagonists ” . In Edible Coatings and Films to Improve Food Quality, Ch. 6 , Edited by: Krochta , J. M. , Baldwin , E. A. and Nisperos-Carriedo , M. O. 121 – 137 . Lancaster : Technomic Publishing Co., Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Davidson , P. M. 2005 . “ Parabens ” . In Antimicrobials in Foods. Ch. 9 , Edited by: Davidson , P. M. , Sofos , J. N. and Branen , A. L. 291 – 303 . Boca Raton , FL : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Debeaufort , F. , Quezada-Gallo , J. and Violley , A. 1998 . Edible films and coatings: Tomorrow′s packaging: A review . Crit. Rev. Food Sci. , 38 : 299 – 313 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Capdeville , G. , Wilson , C. L. , Beer , S. V. and Aist , J. R. 2002 . Alternative disease control agents induce resistance to blue mold in harvested “Red Delicious” apple fruit . Phytopathology , 92 : 900 – 908 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doores , S. 2005 . “ Organic acids ” . In Antimicrobials in Food, Ch. 4 , Edited by: Davidson , P. M. , Sofos , J. N. and Branen , A. L. 91 – 142 . Boca Raton , FL : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Du , W. X. , Olsen , C. W. , Avena-Bustillos , R. J. , McHugh , T. H. , Levin , C. E. and Friedman , M. 2008 . Antibacterial activity against E. coli O157:H7, physical properties, and storage stability of novel carvacrol-containing edible tomato films . J. Food Sci. , 73 : 378 – 383 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eckert , J. W. and Eaks , I. L. 1989 . “ Postharvest disorders and diseases of citrus fruits ” . In The Citrus Industry, Vol. 5, Ch. 3 , Edited by: Reuter , W. , Calavan , E. C. and Carman , G. E. 179 – 260 . Berkeley , CA : University of California Press .
   Google Scholar
• El-Ghaouth , A. , Arul , J. , Grenier , J. and Asselin , A. 1992a . Antifungal activity of chitosan on two postharvest pathogens of strawberry fruit . Phytopathology , 82 : 398 – 402 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Ghaouth , A. , Ponnampalam , R. , Castaigne , F. and Arul , J. 1992b . Chitosan coating to extend the storage life of tomatoes . HortScience , 27 : 1016 – 1018 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Ghaouth , A. , Smilanick , J. L. and Wilson , C. L. 2000 . Enhancement of the performance of Candida saitona by the addition of glycolchitosan for the control of postharvest decay of apple and citrus fruit . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 19 : 103 – 110 .
   Google Scholar
• Eswaranandam , S. , Hettiarachchy , N. S. and Johnson , M. G. 2004 . Antimicrobial activity of citric, lactic, malic, or tartaric acids and nisin-incorporated soy protein film against Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli 0157:H7, and Salmonella gaminara . J. Food. Sci , 69 : 79 – 84 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eswaranandam , S. , Hettiarachchy , N. S. and Meullenet , J-F. 2006 . Effect of malic and lactic acid incorporation to soy protein coatings on the sensory attributes of whole apple and fresh-cut cantaluope . J. Food Sci. , 71 : 307 – 313 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Union . 1989 . Council Directive of 21 December 1988 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States concerning food additive authorised for use in foodstuffs intended for human consumption (89/107/EEC) . Official Journal , 40 : 27 – 33 .
   Google Scholar
• Famá , L. , Rojas , A. M. , Goyanes , S. and Gerschenson , L. 2005 . Mechanical properties of tapioca-starch edible films containing sorbates . LWT-Food Sci. Technol. , 38 : 631 – 639 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flores , S. , Famá , L. , Rojas , A. M. , Goyanes , S. and Gerchenson , L. 2007a . Physical properties of tapioca-starch edible films: Influence of filmmaking and potassium sorbate . Food Res. Int. , 40 : 257 – 265 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flores , S. , Haedo , A. , Campos , C. and Gerschenson , L. 2007b . Antimicrobial performance of potassium sorbate supported in tapioca starch edible films . Eur. Food Res. Technol. , 225 : 375 – 384 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franssen , L. R. and Krochta , J. M. 2000 . “ Edible coating containing natural antimicrobials for processed foods ” . In Natural Antimicrobial for Minimal Processing of Foods, Ch. 12 , Edited by: Roller , S. 250 – 262 . Boca Raton , FL : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• García , M. , Martino , M. and Zaritzky , N. 1998 . Plasticized starch-based coating to improve strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) quality and stability . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 46 : 3758 – 3767 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• González-Aguilar , G. A. , Valenzuela-Soto , E. , Lizardi-Mendoza , J. , Goycoolea , F. , Martínez-Téllez , M. A. , Villegas-Ochoa , M. A. , Monroy-García , I. N. and Ayala-Zavala , J. F. 2009 . Effect of chitosan coating in preventing deterioration and preserving the quality of fresh-cut papaya “Maradol” . J. Food Sci. Agric. , 89 : 15 – 23 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greener-Donhowe , I. K. and Fennema , O. R. 1994 . “ Edible films and coatings: characteristics, formation, definitions, and testing methods ” . In Edible Coating and Films to Improve Food Quality. Ch. 1 , Edited by: Nisperos-Carriedo , M. O. 1 – 24 . Lancaster : Technomic Publishing Co., Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Hagenmaier , R. 2004 . Fruit coatings containing ammonia instead of morpholine . Proc. Fla. State Hortic. Soc. , 117 : 396 – 402 .
   Google Scholar
• Hagenmaier , R. and Baker , R. 1993 . Reduction in gas exchange of citrus fruit by wax coatings . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 41 : 283 – 287 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagenmaier , R. , Goodner , K. , Rousseff , R. and Dou , H. 2002 . Storage of “Marsh” grapefruit and “Valencia” oranges with different coatings . Proc. Fla. State Hortic. Soc. , 115 : 303 – 308 .
   Google Scholar
• Hagenmaier , R. D. and Shaw , P. E. 2002 . Changes in volatile components of stored tangerines and other specialty citrus fruits with different coatings . J. Food Sci. , 67 : 1742 – 1745 .
   Google Scholar
• Han , J. , Zhao , Y. , Leonard , S. W. and Traber , M. G. 2004 . Edible coatings to improve storability and enhance nutritional value of fresh and frozen strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa) and raspberries (Rubus ideaus) . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 33 : 67 – 78 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han , J. H. and Gennadios , A. 2005 . “ Edible films and coatings: A review ” . In Innovations in Food Packaging, Ch. 15 , Edited by: Han , J. H. 239 – 262 . Amsterdam : Elsevier Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Johnson , E. A. and Larson , A. E. 2005 . “ Lysozyme ” . In Antimicrobials in Food, Ch. 12 , Edited by: Davidson , M. P. , Sofos , J. N. and Branen , A. L. 361 – 387 . Boca Raton , FL : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kanetis , L. , Foster , H. and Adaskaveg , J. E. 2007 . Comparative efficacy of the new postharvest fungicides azoxystrobin, fludioxonil, and pyrimethanil for managing citrus green mold . Plant Dis , 91 : 1502 – 1511 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kittur , F. S. , Saroja , N. , Habibunnisa and Tharanathan , R. N. 2001 . Polysaccharide-based composite coating formulations for shelf-life extension of fresh banana and mango . Eur. Food Res. Technol. , 213 : 306 – 311 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klaenhammer , T. R. 1993 . Genetic of bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria . FEMS Microbiol. Rev. , 12 : 39 – 86 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ko , S. , Janes , M. E. , Hettiarachchy , N. S. and Johnson , M. G. 2001 . Physical and chemical properties of edible films containing nisin and their action against Listeria monocytogenes . J. Food Sci , 66 : 1006 – 1011 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kristo , E. , Koutsoumanis , K. and Biliaderis , C. 2008 . Thermal, mechanical and water vapor barrier poroperties of sodium caseinate films containing antimicrobials and their inhibitory action on Listeria monocytogenes . Food Hydrocolloids , 22 : 373 – 386 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krochta , J. M. 1997 . “ Film edible ” . In The Wiley Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology, 2nd Ed. , Edited by: Brody , A. L. and Marsh , K. S. 397 – 401 . New York : John Wiley & Sons, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Krochta , J. M. 2002 . “ Proteins as raw materals for films and coatings: definitions, current status, and opportunities ” . In Protein-based Films and Coatings, Ch. 1 , Edited by: Gennadios , A. 1 – 41 . Boca Raton , FL : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Li , H. and Yu , T. 2000 . Effect of chitosan on incidence of brown rot, quality and physiological attributes of postharvest peach fruit . J. Sci. Food Agric. , 81 : 269 – 274 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu , J. , Tian , S. , Meng , X. and Xu , Y. 2007 . Effects of chitosan on control of postharvest diseases and physiological responses of tomato fruit . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 44: : 300 – 306 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• López-Malo , A. , Palou , E. and Alzamora , S. M. 2005 . “ Naturally ocurring compounds - plant source ” . In Antimicrobials in Food, Ch. 14 , Edited by: Davidson , M. P. , Sofos , J. N. and Branen , A. L. 429 – 451 . Boca Raton , FL : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Maizura , M. , Fazilah , A. , Norziah , M. H. and Karim , A. A. 2007 . Antibacterial activity and mechanical properties of partially hydrolyzed sago starch-alginate edible film containing lemongrass oil . J. Food Sci. , 72 : 324 – 330 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martínez-Romero , D. , Alburquerque , N. , Valverde , J. M. , Guillén , F. , Castillo , S. , Valero , D. and Serrano , M. 2006 . Postharvest sweet cherry quality and safety maintenance by Aloe vera treatment: A new edible coating . Postharvest Biol. Technol , 39 : 93 – 100 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGuire , R. and Hagenmaier , R. 2001 . Shellac formulation to reduce epiphytic survival of coliform bacteria on citrus fruit postharvest . J. Food Prot. , 64 : 1756 – 1760 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McHugh , T. H. and Krochta , J. M. 1994 . Sorbitol vs glycerol: Plasticized whey protein edible films: Integrated oxygen permeability and tensile property evaluation . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 42 : 841 – 845 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Min , S. , Harris , L. J. and Krochta , J. M. 2005a . Antimicrobial effects of lactoferrin, lysozyme, and the lactoperoxidase system and edible whey protein films incorporating the lactoperoxidase system against Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli O157:H7 . J. Food Sci , 70 : 332 – 338 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Min , S. , Harris , L. J. and Krochta , J. M. 2005b . Listeria monocytogenes inhibition by whey protein films and coatings incorporating the lactoperoxidase system . J. Food Sci , 70 : 317 – 324 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Min , S. and Krochta , J. M. 2005 . Inhibition of Penicillium commune by edible whey protein films incorporating lactoferrin, lactoferrin hydrolysate, and lactoperoxidase system . J. Food Sci , 70 : 87 – 94 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Möller , H. , Grelier , S. , Pardon , P. and Coma , V. 2004 . Antimicrobial and physicochemical properties of chitosan-HPMC-based films . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 52 : 6585 – 6591 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montesinos-Herrero , C. , del Río , M. A. , Pastor , C. , Brunetti , O. and Palou , L. 2009 . Evaluation of brief potassium sorbate dips to control postharvest penicillium decay on major citrus species and cultivars . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 52 : 117 – 125 .
   Google Scholar
• Muñoz , Z. , Moret , A. and Garcés , S. 2009 . Assessment of chitosan for inhibition of Colletotrichum sp. on tomatoes and grapes . Crop Prot , 28 : 36 – 40 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naidu , A. S. 2003 . “ Antimicrobials from animals ” . In Natural Antimicrobials for the Minimal Processing of Foods, Ch. 7 , Edited by: Roller , S. 133 – 149 . Boca Raton , FL : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Navarro-Tarazaga , M. L. , del Río , M. A. , Krochta , J. M. and Pérez-Gago , M. B. 2008 . Fatty acid effect on hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-beeswax edible film properties and postharvest quality of coated “Ortanique” mandarins . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 56 : 10689 – 10696 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Navarro-Tarazaga , M. L. and Pérez-Gago , M. B. 2006 . Effect of edible coatings on quality of mandarins cv. Clemenules. . Proc. Fla. State Hortic. Soc. , 119 : 350 – 352 .
   Google Scholar
• Navarro-Tarazaga , M. L. , Pérez-Gago , M. B. , Goodner , K. and Plotto , A. 2007 . A new composite coating containing HPMC, beeswax, and shellac for “Valencia” oranges and “Marisol” tangerines . Proc. Fla. State Hortic. Soc. , 120 : 1 – 7 .
   Google Scholar
• Nisperos-Carriedo , M. O. 1994 . “ Edible coatings and films based on polysaccharides ” . In : Edible Coatings and Films to Improve Food Quality, Ch. 11 , Edited by: Krochta , J. M. , Baldwin , E. A. and Nisperos-Carriedo , M. O. 305 – 335 . Lancaster : Technomic Publishing Co., Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• No , H. K. , Meyers , S. P. , Prinyawiwatkul , W. and Xu , Z. 2007 . Applications of chitosan for improvement of quality and self life of foods: A review . J. Food Sci. , 72 : 87 – 100 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nychas , G. -J. E. and Skandamis , P. N. 2000 . “ Antimicrobials from herbs and spices ” . In Natural Antimicrobials for the Minimal Processing of Foods. Ch. 9 , Edited by: Roller , S. 176 – 200 . Boca Raton , FL : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Olivas , G. I. , Dávila-Aviña , J. E. , Salas-Salazar , N. A. and Molina , F. J. 2008 . Use of edible coatings to preserve the quality of fruits and vegetables during storage . Stewart Postharv. Rev. , 3: 6.
   Google Scholar
• Ozdemir , M. and Floros , J. D. 2008a . Optimization of edible whey protein films containing preservatives for mechanical and optical properties . J. Food Eng. , 84 : 116 – 123 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozdemir , M. and Floros , J. D. 2008b . Optimization of edible whey protein films containing preservatives for water vapor permeability, water solubility and sensory characteristics . J. Food Eng. , 86 : 215 – 224 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palou , L. , Smilanick , J. L. and Droby , S. 2008 . Alternatives to conventional fungicides for the control of citrus postharvest green and blue molds . Stewart Postharv. Rev. , 2 : 2
   Google Scholar
• Palou , L. , Usall , J. , Smilanick , J. L. , Aguilar , M. J. and Viñas , I. 2002 . Evaluation of food additives and low-toxicity compounds as alternative chemicals for the control of Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum on citrus fruit . Pest Manag. Sci. , 58 : 459 – 466 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park , S. , Stan , S. , Daeschel , M. and Zhao , Y. 2005 . Antifungal coating on fresh strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa) to control mold growth during cold storage . J. Food Sci , 70 : 202 – 207 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pérez-Gago , M. B. and Krochta , J. M. 2005 . “ Emulsion and bi-layer edible films ” . In Innovations in Food Packaging, Ch. 22 , Edited by: Han , J. H. 384 – 402 . Amsterdam : Elsevier Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Pérez-Gago , M. B. , Rojas , C. and del Río , M. A. 2002 . Effect of lipid type and amount of edible hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-lipid composite coatings used to protect postharvest quality of mandarins cv. Fortune. . J. Food Sci. , 67 : 2903 – 2910 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ponce , A. , Roura , S. , del Valle , C. and Moreira , M. 2008 . Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of edible coatings enriched with natural plant extracts: In vitro and in vivo studies . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 49 : 294 – 300 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porat , R. , Weiss , B. , Cohen , L. , Daus , A. and Biton , A. 2005 . Effect of polyethylene wax content and composition on taste, quality, and emission of off-flavor voltiles in “Mor” mandarins . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 38 : 262 – 268 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pranoto , Y. , Rakshit , S. K. and Salokhe , V. M. 2005a . Enhancing antimicrobial activity of chitosan films by incorporating garlic oil, potassium sorbate and nisin . LWT-Food Sci. Technol. , 38 : 859 – 865 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pranoto , Y. , Salokhe , V. M. and Rakshit , S. K. 2005b . Physical and antibacterial properties of alginate-based edible films incorporated with garlic oil . Food Res. Int. , 38 : 267 – 272 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raybaudi-Massilia , R. M. , Mosqueda-Melgar , J. and Martín-Belloso , O. 2008b . Edible alginate-based coating as carrier of antimicrobials to improve shelf-life and safety of fresh-cut melon . Int. J. Food Microbiol. , 121 : 313 – 327 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raybaudi-Massilia , R. M. , Rojas-Grau , M. A. , Mosqueda-Melgar , J. and Martín-Belloso , O. 2008a . Comparative study on essential oils incorporated into an alginate-based edible coating to assure the safety and quality of fresh-cut Fuji apples . J. Food Prot. , 71 : 1150 – 1161 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy , M. V. B. , Angers , P. , Castaigne , F. and Arul , J. 2000 . Chitosan effects on blackmold rot and pathogenic factors produced by Alternaria alternata in postharvest tomatoes . J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci , 125 : 742 – 747 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rhim , J. W. and Shellhammer , T. H. 2005 . “ Lipid-based edible films and coatings ” . In Innovations in Food Packaging. Ch. 21 , Edited by: Han , J. H. 362 – 383 . Amsterdam : Elsevier Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ribeiro , C. , Vicente , A. , Teixeira , J. A. and Miranda , C. 2007 . Optimization of edible coating composition to retard strawberry fruit senescence . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 44 : 63 – 70 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rojas-Argudo , C. , del Río , M. A. and Pérez-Gago , M. B. 2009 . Development and optimization of locust bean gum (LBG)-based edible coatings for postharvest storage of “Fortune” mandarins . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 52 : 227 – 234 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rojas-Graü , M. , Avena-Bustillos , R. , Friedman , M. , Henika , P. , Martín-Belloso , O. and McHugh , T. H. 2006 . Mechanical, barrier, and antimicrobial properties of apple puree edible film containing essential oils . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 54: : 9262 – 9267 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rojas-Graü , M. A. , Avena-Bustillos , R. J. , Olsen , C. O. , Friedman , M. F. , Martín-Belloso , O. , Pan , Z. and McHugh , T. H. 2007a . Effects of plant essential oils and oil compounds on mechanical, barrier and antimicrobial properties of alginate-apple puree edible films . J. Food Eng. , 81 : 634 – 641 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rojas-Graü , M. A. , Raybaudi-Massilia , R. M. , Soliva-Fortuny , R. C. , Avena-Bustillos , R. J. , McHugh , T. H. and Martín-Belloso , O. 2007b . Apple puree-alginate edible coating as carrier of antimicrobial agents to prolong shelf-life of fresh-cut apples . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 45 : 254 – 264 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romanazzi , G. , Miklota Gabler , F. , Margosan , D. , Mackey , B. E. and Smilanick , J. L. 2009 . Effect of chitosan dissolved in different acids on its ability to control postharvest gray mold of table grape . Phytopathology , 99 : 1028 – 1036 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romanazzi , G. , Karabulut , O. A. and Smilanick , J. L. 2007 . Combination of chitosan and ethanol to control postharvest gray mold of table grapes . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 45 : 134 – 140 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romanazzi , G. , Nigro , F. , Ippolito , A. , Di Venere , D. and Salerno , M. 2002 . Effects of pre- and postharvest chitosan treatments to control storage grey mold of table grapes . J. Food Sci. , 67 : 1862 – 1867 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sánchez-González , L. , Vargas , M. , González-Martínez , C. , Chiralt , A. and Cháfer , M. 2009 . Characterization of edible films based on hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and tea tree essential oil . Food Hidrocolloids , 23 : 2102 – 2109 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sangsuwan , J. , Rattanapanone , N. and Rachtanapun , P. 2008 . Effect of chitosan/methyl cellulose films on microbial and quality characteristics of fresh-cut cantaloupe and pineapple . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 49 : 403 – 410 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sébastien , F. , Stéphane , G. , Copinet , A. and Coma , V. 2006 . Novel biodegradable films made from chitosan and poly(lactic acid) with antifungal properties against mycotoxigen strains . Carbohyd. Polym. , 65 : 185 – 193 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sebti , I. , Chollet , E. , Degraeve , P. , Noel , C. and Peyrol , E. 2007 . Water sensitivity, antimicrobial, and physicochemical analyses of edible films based on HPMC and /or chitosan . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 55 : 693 – 699 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sebti , I. , Delves-Broughton , J. and Coma , V. 2003 . Physicochemical properties and bioactivity of nisin- containing cross- linked hydroxypropylmethylcellulose films . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 51 : 6468 – 6474 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sebti , I. , Ham-Pichavant , F. and Coma , V. 2002 . Edible bioactive fatty acid-cellulosic derivative composites used in food-packaging applications . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 50 : 4290 – 4294 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serrano , M. , Valverde , J. M. , Guillén , F. , Castillo , A. , Martínez- Romero , D. and Valero , D. 2006 . Use of Aloe vera gel coating preserves the functional properties of table grapes . J. Agric. Food Chem , 54 : 3882 – 3886 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Seydim , A. C. and Sarikus , G. 2006 . Antimicrobial activity of whey protein based edible films incorporated with oregano, rosemary and garlic essential oils . Food Res. Int. , 39 : 639 – 644 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shellhammer , T. H. and Krochta , J. M. 1997 . Whey protein emulsion film performance as affected by lipid type and amount . J. Food Sci. , 62 : 390 – 394 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sivarooban , T. , Hettiarachchy , N. S. and Johnson , M. G. 2008 . Physical and antimicrobial properties of grape seed extract, nisin, and EDTA incorporated soy protein edible films . Food Res. Int. , 41 : 781 – 785 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smilanick , J. L. , Mansour , M. F. , Miklota Gabler , F. and Goodwine , W. R. 2006 . The effectiveness of pyrimethanil to inhibit germination of Penicillium digitatum and to control citrus green molds after harvest . Postharvest Biol. Technol , 42 : 75 – 85 .
   Google Scholar
• Stopforth , J. D. , Skandamis , P. N. , Davidson , P. M. and Sofos , J. N. 2005a . “ Naturally ocurring compounds: Animal sources ” . In Antimicrobials in Food. Ch. 15 , Edited by: Davidson , P. M. , Sofos , J. N. and Branen , A. L. 453 – 505 . Boca Raton , FL : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Stopforth , J. D. , Sofos , J. N. and Busta , F. F. 2005b . “ Sorbic acid and sorbates. ” . In Antimicrobials in Food. Ch 3. , Edited by: Davidson , P. M. , Sofos , J. N. and Branen , A. L. 49 – 90 . Boca Raton , FL : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Thomas , L. V. and Delves-Broughton , J. 2005 . “ Nisin ” . In Antimicrobials in Food. Ch. 7 , Edited by: Davidson , P. M. , Sofos , J. N. and Branen , A. L. 237 – 274 . Boca Raton , FL : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Trezza , T. A. and Krochta , J. M. 2000 . The gloss of edible coatings as affected by surfactants, lipids, relative humidity, and time . J. Food Sci. , 65 : 658 – 662 .
   Google Scholar
• Türe , H. , Erdal , E. , Banu , O. and Ferda , S. 2009a . Physical properties of biopolymers containing natamycin and rosemary extract . Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. , 44 : 402 – 408 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Türe , H. , Eroglu , E. , Soyer , F. and Ozen , B. 2009b . Antifungal activity of biopolymers containing natamycin and rosemary extract against Aspergillus niger and Penicillium roquefortii . Int. J. Food Sci. Technol , 43 : 2026 – 2032 .
   Google Scholar
• United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) . 2009 . Food additives permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption. Subpart C. Coatings, films and related substances. 21CFR172.210–280 . Code Fed. Reg. , 21 ( 3 ) : 40 – 46 .
   Google Scholar
• Vargas , M. , Albors , A. , Chiralt , A. and González-Martínez , C. 2006 . Quality of cold-stored strawberries as affected by chitosan-oleic acid edible coatings . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 41 : 164 – 172 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valencia-Chamorro , S. A. , Palou , L. , del Río , M. A. and Pérez-Gago , M. B. 2008 . Inhibition of Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum by hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-lipid edible composite films containing food additives with antifungal properties . J. Agric. Food Chem , 56 : 11270 – 11278 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valencia-Chamorro , S. A. , Pérez-Gago , M. B. , del Río , M. A. and Palou , L. 2009a . Curative and preventive activity of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-lipid edible composite coatings containing antifungal food additives to control citrus postharvest green and blue molds . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 57 : 2770 – 2777 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valencia-Chamorro , S. A. , Pérez-Gago , M. B. , del Río , M. A. and Palou , L. 2009b . Effect of antifungal hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)-lipid edible composite coatings on postharvest decay development and quality attributes of cold-stored “Valencia” oranges . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 54 : 72 – 79 .
   Google Scholar
• Valencia-Chamorro , S. A. , Pérez-Gago , M. B. , del Río , M. A. and Palou , L. 2010 . Effect of antifungal hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)-lipid edible composite coatings on penicillium decay development and postharvest quality of cold-stored ‘Ortanique’ mandarins . J. Food Sci. , 75 : 418 – 426 .
   Google Scholar
• Valencia-Chamorro , S. A. , Palou , L. , del Río , M. A. and Pérez-Gago , M. B. 2011 . Performance of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)-lipid edible coatings with antifungal food additives during cold storage of ‘Clemenules’ mandarins . LWT-Food Sci. Technol , DOI information: 10.1016/j.lwt.2011.02.014
   Google Scholar
• Valverde , J. M. , Valero , D. , Martínez-Romero , D. , Guillén , F. , Castillo , S. and Serrano , M. 2005 . Novel edible coating based on Aloe vera gel to maintain table grape quality and safety . J. Agric. Food Chem , 53 : 7807 – 7813 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vojdani , F. and Torres , A. 1990 . Potassium sorbate permeability of methylcellulose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose coatings: Effect of fatty acids . J. Food. Sci. , 55 : 841 – 846 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Win , N. K. K. , Jitareerat , P. , Kanlayanarat , S. and Sangchote , S. 2007 . Effects of cinnamon extract, chitosan coating, hot water treatment and their combinations on crown rot disease and quality of banana fruit . Postharvest Biol. Technol. , 45 : 333 – 340 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu , T. , Zivanovic , S. , Draughon , F. A. , Conway , W. S. and Sams , C. E. 2005 . Physicochemical properties and bioactivity of fungal chitin and chitosan . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 53: : 3888 – 3894 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu , W. T. , Huang , K. L. , Guo , F. , Qu , W. , Yang , J. J. , Liang , Z. H. and Luo , Y. B. 2007 . Postharvest grapefruit seed extract and chitosan treatments of table grapes to control Botrytis cinerea . Postharvest Biol. Technol , 46 : 86 – 94 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yaman , Ö. and Baymdirh , L. 2001 . Effects on an edible coating, fungicide and cold storage on microbial spoilage of cherries . Eur. Food Res. Technol. , 213 : 53 – 55 .
   Google Scholar
• Yener , F. , Korel , F. and Yemenicioglu , A. 2009 . Antimicrobial activity of lactoperoxidase system incorporated into cross-linked alginate films . J. Food Sci. , 74 : 73 – 79 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhuang , R. , Beuchat , L. , Chinnan , M. , Shewfelt , R. and Huang , T. 1996 . Inactivation of Salmonella montevideo on tomatoes by applying cellulose-based edible films . J. Food Prot , 59 : 808 – 812 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar