Dried Plums and Their Products: Composition and Health Effects–An Updated Review

REFERENCES

• Amakura , Y. , Okada , M. , Tsuji , S. and Tonogai , Y. 2000 . Determination of phenolic acids in fruit juices by isocratic column liquid chromatography . J. Chromatogr. A , 891 : 183 – 188 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson , D. L. , Cunningham , W. C. and Lindstrom , T. R. 1994 . Concentrations and intakes of H, B, S, K, Na, Cl, and NaCl in foods . J. Food Comp. Anal. , 7 : 59 – 82 .
   Google Scholar
• Arjmandi , B. H. , Hooshmand , S. , Chai , S. C. , Saadat , R. L. , Devareddy , L. and Brummel-Smith , K. 2007 . A year-long study to demonstrate the bone reversal efficacy of dried plums in postmenopausal women . J. Bone Miner. Res. , 22: : S214
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arjmandi , B. H. , Khalil , D. A. , Lucas , E. A. , Georgis , A. , Stoecker , B. J. , Hardin , C. , Payton , M. E. and Wild , R. A. 2002 . Dried plums improve indices of bone formation in postmenopausal women . J. Womens Health Gender Based Med. , 11 : 61 – 68 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Arjmandi , B. H. , Lucas , E. A. , Juma , S. , Soliman , A. , Stoecker , B. J. , Khalil , D. A. , Smith , B. and Wang , C. 2001 . Dried plums prevent ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats . J. Am. Nutraceutical Assoc. , 4 : 50 – 56 .
   Google Scholar
• Attaluri , A. , Donahoe , R. , Valestin , J. , Brown , K. and Rao , S. S. C. 2011 . Randomized clinical trial: Dried plums (prunes) versus psyllium for constipation . Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. , 33 : 822 – 828 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Badary , O. A. , Awad , A. S. , Sherief , M. A. and Hamada , F. M. A. 2006 . In vitro and in vivo effects of ferulic acid on gastrointestinal motility: Inhibition of cisplatin-induced delay in gastric emptying in rats . World J. Gastroenterol. , 12 : 5363 – 5367 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauer , L. L. and Fahey , G. C. 2004 . Chemical Composition of Selected Plum Products , Sacramento , CA : Report to California Dried Plum Board .
   Google Scholar
• Bennett , L. E. , Singh , D. P. and Clingeleffer , P. R. 2011 . Micronutrient mineral and folate content of Australian and imported dried fruit products . Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. , 51 : 38 – 49 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blatherwick , N. R. 1914 . The specific role of foods in relation to the composition of the urine . Archiv. Int. Med. , 14 : 409 – 450 .
   Google Scholar
• Blatherwick , N. R. and Long , M. L. 1923 . Studies on urinary acidity. The increased acidity produced by eating prunes and cranberries . J. Biol. Chem. , 57 : 815 – 818 .
   Google Scholar
• Boateng , B. , Verghese , M. , Shackelford , M. , Walker , L. T. , Khatiwada , J. , Ogutu , S. , Williams , D. S. , Jones , J. , Guyton , M. , Asiamah , D. , Henderson , F. , Grant , L. , DeBruce , M. , Johnson , A. , Washington , S. and Chawan , C. B. 2007 . Selected fruits reduce azoxymethane (AOM)-induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in Fisher 344 male rats . Food Chem. Toxicol. , 45 : 725 – 732 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boato , F. , Wortley , G. M. , Liu , R. H. and Glahn , R. P. 2002 . Red grape juice inhibits iron availability: Application of an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 50 : 6935 – 6938 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bodel , R. T. , Cotran , R. and Kass , E. H. 1959 . Cranberry juice and the antibacterial action of hippuric acid . J. Lab. Clin. Med. , 54 : 881 – 888 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bodet , C. , Piché , M. , Chandad , F. and Grenier , D. 2006 . Inhibition of periodontopathogen-derived proteolytic enzymes by a high-molecular-weight fraction isolated from cranberry . J. Antimicrob. Chemother. , 57 : 685 – 690 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouayed , J. , Rammal , H. , Dicko , A. , Younos , C. and Soulimani , R. 2007 . Chlorogenic acid, a polyphenol from Prunus domestica (Mirabelle), with coupled anxiolytic and antioxidant effects . J. Neurolog. Sci. , 262 : 77 – 84 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bu , S. Y. , Hunt , T. S. and Smith , B. J. 2009 . Dried plum polyphenols attenuate the detrimental effects of TNF-alpha on osteoblast function coincident with up-regulation of Runx2, Osterix and IGF-I . J. Nutr. Biochem. , 20 : 35 – 44 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bu , S. Y. , Lerner , M. , Stoecker , B. J. , Boldrin , E. , Brackett , D. J. , Lucas , E. A. and Smith , B. J. 2008 . Dried plum polyphenols inhibit osteoclastogenesis by downregulating NFATc1 and inflammatory mediators . Calcif. Tissue Int. , 82 : 475 – 488 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bu , S. Y. , Lucas , E. A. , Franklin , M. , Marlow , D. , Brackett , D. J. , Boldrin , E. A. , Devareddy , L. , Arjmandi , B. H. and Smith , B. J. 2007 . Comparison of dried plum supplementation and intermittent PTH in restoring bone in osteopenic orchidectomized rats . Osteoporos. Int. , 18 : 931 – 942 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burger , O. , Weiss , E. , Sharon , N. , Tabak , M. , Neeman , I. and Ofek , I. 2002 . Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori adhesion to human gastric mucus by a high-molecular-weight constituent of cranberry juice . Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. , 42 ( Suppl. ) : 279 – 284 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burt , B. A. 2006 . The use of sorbitol- and xylitol-sweetened chewing gum in caries control . J. Am. Dental Assoc. , 137 : 190 – 196 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cathcart-Rake , W. , Porter , R. , Whittier , F. , Stein , P. , Carey , M. and Grantham , J. 1975 . Effect of diet on serum accumulation and renal excretion of aryl acids and secretory activity in normal and uremic man . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 28 : 1110 – 1115 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , J.-R. , Lazarenko , O. P. , Wu , X. , Kang , J. , Blackburn , M. L. , Shankar , K. , Badger , T. M. and Ronis , M. J. J. 2010 . Dietary-induced serum phenolic acids promote bone growth via p38 MAPK/β-catenin canonical Wnt signaling . J. Bone Miner. Res. , 25 : 2399 – 2411 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheskin , L. H. , Mitola , A. H. , Ridore , M. , Kolge , S. , Hwang , K. and Clark , B. 2009 . A naturalistic, controlled, crossover trial of plum juice versus psyllium versus control for improving bowel function . Internet J. Nutr. Wellness , 7 : 1 – 12 .
   Google Scholar
• Chinese Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety . 2005 Oct. 24 . Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, Inspection Report, Sample No. 200503024 , Beijing , , China : Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention .
   Google Scholar
• Chinese Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety . 2006 Dec. 20 . Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, Inspection Report, Sample No. 200503024 , Beijing , , China : Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention .
   Google Scholar
• Chok , G. and Lang , K. 1961 . Action of chlorogenic acid in the gastrointestinal tract . Arzneimittel-Forsch , 11 : 545 – 549 . [German]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chun , O. K. and Kim , D.-O. 2004 . Consideration on equivalent chemicals in total phenolic assay of chlorogenic acid-rich plums . Food Res. Int. , 37 : 337 – 342 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clements , R. S. and Darnell , B. 1980 . Myo-inositol content of common foods: Development of a high-myo-inositol diet . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 33 : 1954 – 1967 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen , S. and Booth , G. H. 1975 . Gastric acid secretion and lower esophageal-sphincter pressure in response to coffee and caffeine . N. Engl. J. Med. , 293 : 897 – 899 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cremin , P. , Kasim-Karakas , S. and Waterhouse , A. L. 2001 . LC/ES-MS detection of hydroxycinnamates in human plasma and urine . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 49 : 1747 – 1750 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cummings , J. H. , Bingham , S. A. , Heaton , K. W. and Eastwood , M. A. 1992 . Fecal weight, colon cancer risk, and dietary intake of nonstarch polysaccharides (dietary fiber) . Gastroenterology , 103 : 1783 – 1789 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Del Caro , A. , Piga , A. , Pinna , I. , Fenu , P. M. and Aggabio , M. 2004 . Effect of drying conditions and storage period on polyphenolic content, antioxidant capacity, and ascorbic acid of prunes . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 52 : 4780 – 4784 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devirian , T. A. and Volpe , S. L. 2003 . The physiological effects of dietary boron . Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. , 43 : 219 – 231 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deyhim , F. , Stoecker , B. J. , Brusewitz , G. H. , Devareddy , L. and Arjmandi , B. H. 2005 . Dried plum reverses bone loss in an osteopenic rat model of osteoporosis . Menopause , 12 : 755 – 762 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dikeman , C. L. , Bauer , L. L. and Fahey , G. C. 2004 . Carbohydrate composition of selected plum/prune preparations . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 52 : 853 – 859 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dismore , M. L. , Haytowitz , D. B. , Gebhardt , S. E. , Peterson , J. W. and Booth , S. L. 2003 . Vitamin K content of nuts and fruits in the US diet . J. Am. Diet. Assoc. , 103 : 1650 – 1652 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Družić , J. , Voća , S. , Čmelik , Z. , Dobričević , N. , Duralija , B. and Skendrović-Babojelić , M. 2007 . Fruit quality of plum cultivars “Elena” and “Bistrica” . Agric. Conspec. Sci. , 72 : 307 – 310 .
   Google Scholar
• Durand , P. J. , Mercier , P. , Laforest , M. , Roy , D. and Demers , D. 1991 . A laxative jam . Can. Nurse , 87 : 35 – 37 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Edenharder , R. , Sager , J. W. , Glatt , H. , Muckel , E. and Platt , K. L. 2002 . Protection by beverages, fruits, vegetables, herbs, and flavonoids against genotoxicity of 2-acetylaminofluorene and 2-amino-l-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) in metabolically competent V79 cells . Mutation Res. , 521 : 57 – 72 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ertekin , C. , Gozlekci , S. , Kabas , O. , Sonmez , S. and Akinci , I. 2006 . Some physical, pomological and nutritional properties of two plum (Prunus domestica L.) cultivars . J. Food Engineer. , 75 : 508 – 514 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang , N. , Yu , S. and Prior , R. L. 2002 . LC/MS/MS characterization of phenolic consituents in dried plums . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 50 : 3579 – 3585 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farah , A. , Monteiro , M. , Donangelo , C. M. and Lafay , S. 2008 . Chlorogenic acids from green coffee extract are highly bioavailable in humans . J. Nutr. , 138 : 2309 – 2315 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farajian , P. , Katsagani , M. and Zampelas , A. 2010 . Short-term effects of a snack including dried prunes on energy intake and satiety in normal weight individuals . Eat. Behav. , 11 : 201 – 203 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fatimi , A. , Ralet , M.-C. , Crepeau , M.-J. , Rashidi , S. and Thibaulf , J.-F. 2007 . Dietary fibre content and cell wall polysaccharides in prunes . Sci. Aliments , 27 : 423 – 429 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feldman , J. M. and Lee , E. M. 1985 . Serotonin content of foods: Effect on urinary excretion of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 42 : 639 – 643 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrer , F. P. and Boyd , L. J. 1955 . Effect of yogurt with prune whip on constipation . Am. J. Dig. Dis. , 9 : 272 – 273 .
   Google Scholar
• Foster-Powell , K. , Holt , S. H. A. and Brand-Miller , J. C. 2002 . International table of glycemic index and glycemic load values: 2002 . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 76 : 5 – 56 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franklin , M. , Bu , S. B. , Lerner , M. R. , Lancaster , E. A. , Bellmer , D. , Marlow , D. , Lightfoot , S. A. , Arjmandi , B. H. , Brackett , D. J. , Lucas , E. A. and Smith , B. J. 2006 . Dried plum prevents bone loss in a male osteoporosis model via ICF-I and the RANK pathway . Bone , 39 : 1331 – 1342 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujii , T. , Ikami , T. , Xu , J. W. and Ikeda , K. 2006 . Prune extract (Prunus domestica L.) suppresses the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of human colon carcinoma Caco-2 . J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. , 52 : 389 – 391 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fung , D. Y. C. and Thompson , L. Effects of Dried Plums on Suppression of Growth of Foodborne Pathogens in Liquid Medium and Ground Meat . Report to the California Dried Plum Board, Sacramento, CA , pp. 27 Available from www.sunsweetingredients.com/applications/meat.html. Accessed March 9, 2010
   Google Scholar
• Fung , D. Y. C. and Thompson , L. 2009 . “Natural” suppression of the growth of foodborne pathogens in meat products . Int. Rev. Food Sci. Technol. , 1 : 80 – 81 .
   Google Scholar
• Furchner-Evanson , A. , Petrisko , Y. , Howarth , L. S. , Nemoseck , T. and Kern , M. 2010 . Type of snack influences satiety responses in adult women . Appetite , 54 : 564 – 569 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallaher , C. M. and Gallaher , D. D. 2009 . Dried plums (prunes) reduce atherosclerosis lesion area in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice . Br. J. Nutr. , 101 : 233 – 239 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glycemic Index Testing Inc. 2004 September 21 . Determination of GI of Prunes, Prune Juice, and Plum Juice , Sacramento , CA : Final Report to California Dried Plum Board .
   Google Scholar
• Gonthier , M.-P. , Remesy , C. , Scalbert , A. , Cheynier , V. , Souquet , J.-M. , Poutanen , K. and Aura , A.-M. 2006 . Microbial metabolism of caffeic acid and its esters chlorogenic and caftaric acids by human faecal microbiota in vitro . Biomed. Pharmacother. , 60 : 536 – 540 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grabitske , H. A. and Slavin , J. L. 2009 . Gastrointestinal effects of low-digestible carbohydrates . Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. , 49 : 327 – 360 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gu , L. , Kelm , M. A. , Hammerstone , J. F. , Beecher , G. , Holden , J. , Haytowitz , D. , Gebhardt , S. and Prior , R. L. 2004 . Concentrations of proanthocyanidins in common foods and estimations of normal consumption . J. Nutr. , 134 : 613 – 617 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagl , S. , Deusser , H. , Soyalan , B. , Janzowski , C. , Will , F. , Dietrich , H. , Albert , F. W. , Rohner , S. and Richling , E. 2011 . Colonic availability of polyphenols and D-(-)-quinic acid after apple smoothie consumption . Mol. Nutr. Food Res. , 54 : 1781 – 1787 .
   Google Scholar
• Halloran , B. P. , Wronski , T. J. , VonHerzen , D. C. , Chu , V. , Xia , X. , Pingel , J. E. , Williams , A. A. and Smith , B. J. 2010 . Dietary dried plum increases bone mass in adult and aged male mice . J. Nutr. , 140 : 1781 – 1787 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Honöw , R. and Hesse , A. 2002 . Comparison of extraction methods for the determination of soluble and total oxalate in foods by HPLC-enzyme-reactor . Food Chem. , 78 : 511 – 521 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hooshmand , S. and Arjmandi , B. H. 2009 . Viewpoint: Dried plum, an emerging functional food that may effectively improve bone health . Ageing Res. Rev. , 8 : 122 – 127 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hooshmand , S. , Chai , S. C. and Arjmandi , B. H. 2008 . Dried plum polyphenols increase insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) production in osteoblast-like cells . J. Bone Miner. Res. , 23 : SU002
   Google Scholar
• Hooshmand , S. , Chai , S. C. , Saadat , R. L. , Payton , M. E. , Brummel-Smith , K. and Arjmandi , B. H. accepted . Comparative effects of two dried fruits rich in bioactive compounds on bone . Brit. J. Nutr ,
   Google Scholar
• Howarth , L. S. , Petrisko , Y. , Furchner-Evanson , A. , Nemoseck , T. and Kern , M. 2010 . Snack selection influences nutrient intake, triglycerides and bowel habits in adult women: A pilot study . J. Am. Diet. Assoc. , 110 : 1322 – 1327 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howell , A. B. 2007 . Bioactive compounds in cranberries and their role in prevention of urinary tract infections . Mol. Nutr. Food Res. , 51 : 732 – 737 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes , D. A. , Darlington , L. G. and Bendich , A. 2004 . Diet and Human Immune Function , New York : Humana Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hushmendy , S. , Jayakuma , L. , Hahn , A. B. , Bhoiwala , D. , Bhoiwala , D. L. and Crawford , D. R. 2009 . Select phytochemicals suppress human T-lymphocytes and mouse splenocytes suggesting their use in autoimmunity and transplantation. Nutr. Res . 29 : 568 – 578 .
   Google Scholar
• Institute of Medicine . 1997 . Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride , Washington , DC : National Academy Press .
   Google Scholar
• Institute of Medicine . 1998 . Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate,Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline , Washington , DC : National Academy Press .
   Google Scholar
• Institute of Medicine . 2000 . Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids , Washington , DC : National Academy Press .
   Google Scholar
• Institute of Medicine . 2001 . Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc , Washington , DC : National Academy Press .
   Google Scholar
• Institute of Medicine . 2005 . Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids (Macronutrients) , Washington , DC : National Academy Press .
   Google Scholar
• Jiang , Y. , Kusama , K. , Satoh , K. , Takayama , R. , Watanabe , R. and Sakagami , H. 2000 . Induction of cytotoxicity by chlorogenic acid in human oral tumor cell lines . Phytomedicine , 7 : 483 – 491 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnston , K. L. , Clifford , M. N. and Morgan , L. M. 2003 . Coffee acutely modifies gastrointestinal hormone secretion and glucose tolerance in humans: Glycemic effects of chlorogenic acid and caffeine . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 78 : 728 – 733 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joseph , J. A. , Fisher , D. R. and Carey , A. N. 2004 . Fruit extracts antagonize Aβ- or DA-induced deficits in Ca2+ flux in Ml-transfected COS-7 cells . J. Alz. Dis. , 6 : 403 – 411 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahlon , T. S. and Smith , G. E. 2007 . In vitro binding of bile acids by blueberries (Vaccinium spp.), plums (Prunus spp.), prunes (Prunus spp.), strawberries (Fragaria X ananassa), cherries (Malpighia punicifolia), cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon) and apples (Malus sylvestris) . Food Chem. , 100 : 1182 – 1187 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamkar , L. , Hooshmand , S. , Lucas , E. A. , Madihally , S. V. and Arjmandi , B. H. 2006 . Influence of dried plum polyphenol extract on bone formation and inflamation . J. Bone Miner. Res. , 21 Ml99
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamkar , L. , Hooshmand , S. , Soliman , A. , Soung , D. Y. , Collins , J. , Lucas , E. A. , Madihally , S. V. and Arjmandi , B. H. 2005 . Polyphenol extract from dried plum dose-dependently increase nodule formation in MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells . J. Bone Miner. Res. , 20 : SU246
   Google Scholar
• Kaper , S. , Howarth , L. S. , Petrisko , Y. , Furchner-Evanson , A. , Nemoseck , T. , Hong , M. Y. and Kern , M. 2010 . Dried plums consumed twice daily increase antioxidant capacity after two weeks in adult women . FASEB J. , 24 564.5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karakaya , S. , El , S. N. and Taş , A. A. 2001 . Antioxidant activity of some foods containing phenolic compounds . Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr. , 52 : 501 – 508 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kasai , H. , Fukada , S. , Yamazumi , Z. , Sugie , S. and Mori , H. 2000 . Action of chlorogenic acid in vegetables and fruits as an inhibitor of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine formation in vitro and in a rat carcinogenesis model . Food Chem. Toxicol. , 38 : 467 – 471 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kasim-Karakas , S. E. , Almario , R. U. , Gregory , L. , Todd , H. , Wong , R. and Lasley , B. L. 2002 . Effects of prune consumption on the ratio of 2-hydroxyestrone to 16α-hydroxyestrone . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 76 : 1422 – 1427 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kayano , S. , Kikuzaki , H. , Fukutsuka , N. , Mitani , T. and Nakatani , N. 2002 . Antioxidant activity of prune (Prunus domestica L.) constituents and a new synergist . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 50 : 3708 – 3712 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kayano , S. , Kikuzaki , H. , Ikami , T. , Suzuki , T. , Mitani , T. and Nakatani , N. 2004b . A new bipyrrole and some phenolic constituents in prunes (Prunus domestica L.) and their oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) . Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. , 68 : 942 – 944 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kayano , S. , Kikuzaki , H. , Yamada , N. F. , Aoki , A. , Kasamatsu , K. , Yamasaki , Y. , Ikami , T. , Suzuki , T. , Mitani , T. and Nakatani , N. 2004a . Antioxidant properties of prunes (Prunus domestica L) and their constituents . BioFactors. , 21 : 309 – 313 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kayano , S. , Mitani , T. , Yamamoto , H. , Ikami , T. , Kikuzaki , H. , Suzuki , T. and Nakatani , N. 2003a . Quantification of quinic acid in prunes (Prunus domestica L.) by HPLC analysis . ITE Lett. , 4 : 639 – 644 .
   Google Scholar
• Kayano , S. , Yamada , N. F. , Suzuki , T. , Ikami , T. , Shioaki , K. , Kikuzaki , H. , Mitani , T. and Nakatani , N. 2003b . Quantitative evaluation of antioxidant components in prunes (Prunus domestica L.) . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 51 : 1480 – 1485 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keast , D. R. and Jones , J. M. 2009 . Dried fruit consumption associated with reduced overweight or obesity adults: NHANES, 1999–2004 . FASEB J. , 23 : LB511
   Google Scholar
• Kell , D. B. 2010 . Towards a unified, systems biology understanding of large-scale cellular death and destruction caused by poorly liganded iron: Parkinson's, Huntington's, Alzheimer's, prions, bactericides, chemical toxicology and others as examples . Arch. Toxicol. , 84 : 825 – 889 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kikuzaki , H. , Kayano , S. , Fukutsuka , N. , Aoki , A. , Kasamatsu , K. , Yamasaki , Y. , Takahiko , M. and Nakatani , N. 2004 . Abscisic acid related compounds and lignans in prunes (Prunus domestica L.) and their Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 52 : 344 – 349 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimura , Y. , Ito , H. , Kawaji , M. , Ikami , T. and Hatano , T. 2008 . Characterization and antioxidative properties of oligomeric proanthocyanidin from prunes, dried fruit of Prunus domestica L . Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. , 72 : 1615 – 1618 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kinney , A. B. and Blount , M. 1979 . Effect of cranberry juice on urinary pH . Nurs. Res. , 28 : 287 – 290 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knuuttila , M. , Svanberg , M. and Hämäläinen , M. 1989 . Alteration in bone composition related to polyol supplementation of the diet . Bone Miner. , 6 : 25 – 31 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Koontz , J. L. , Phillips , K. M. , Wunderlich , K. M. , Exler , J. , Holden , J. M. , Gebhardt , S. E. and Haytowitz , D. B. 2005 . Comparison of total folate concentrations in foods determined by microbiological assay at several experienced U.S. commercial laboratories . J. AOAC Int , 88 : 805 – 813 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kravetz , R. E. 2002 . Medicated prunes . Am. J. Gastroenterol. , 97 : 2914
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar , A. , Hooshmand , S. and Arjmandi , B. H. 2009 . Dried plum polyphenols decreased markers of inflammation and lipid peroxidation in RAW264.7 macrophage cells . FASEB J. , 23 547.4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lam , S. , McWilliams , A. , leRiche , J. , MacAulay , C. , Wattenberg , L. and Szabo , E. 2006 . A phase I study of myo-inositol for lung cancer chemoprevention . Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. , 15 : 1526 – 1531 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , S.-H. , Lillehoj , H. S. , Lillehoj , E. P. , Cho , S.-M. , Park , D.-W. , Hong , Y.-H. , Chun , H.-K. and Park , H.-J. 2008 . Immunomodulatory properties of dietary plum on coccidiosis . Compar. Immunol. Microbiolog. Infect. Dis. , 31 : 389 – 402 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine , J. 1997 . Controlled trials of inositol in psychiatry . Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol. , 7 : 147 – 155 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim , Y. F. , Wang , Y. , Rendina , E. , Bu , S. Y. , Cullen , D. M. , Marlow , D. , Clarke , S. L. , Lucas , E. A. and Smith , B. J. 2009 . Dried plum suppresses the OVX-induced increase in bone turnover in adult osteopenic ovariectomized rats . FASEB J , 23 553.8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin , J. Y. and Tang , C. Y. 2007 . Determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents in selected fruits and vegetables, as well as their stimulatory effects on mouse splenocyte proliferation . Food Chem , 101 : 140 – 147 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Livesey , G. 2001 . Tolerance of low-digestible carbohydrates: a general view . Br. J. Nutr. , 85 ( Suppl 1 ) : S7 – S16 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Livesey , G. 2003 . Health potential of polyols as sugar replacers with emphasis on low glycaemic properties . Nutr. Res. Rev. , 16 : 163 – 191 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Łoś , J. , Wilska-Jeszka , J. and Pawlak , M. 2000 . Polyphenolic compounds of plums (Prunus domestica) . Pol. J. Food Nutr. Sci. , 50 : 35 – 38 .
   Google Scholar
• Lucas , E. A. , Hammond , L. J. , Mocanu , V. , Arquuitt , A. B. , Trolinger , A. , Khalil , D. , Smith , B. J. , Soung , D. Y. , Daggy , B. P. and Arjmandi , B. H. 2004 . Daily consumption of dried plum by postmenopausal women does not cause undesirable changes in bowel function . J. App. Res. , 4 : 37 – 43 .
   Google Scholar
• Lugasi , A. and Hovari , J. 2003 . Antioxidant properties of commercial alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages . Nahrung/Food , 47 : 79 – 86 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lundberg , A. 1984 . Instead of laxatives: prunes, whole wheat and buttermilk . Vardfacket , 8 : 46 – 47 . (Swedish)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Manzano , S. and Williamson , G. 2010 . Polyphenols and phenolic acids from strawberry and apple decrease glucose uptake and transport by human intestinal Caco-2 cells . Mol. Nutr. Food Res. , 54 : 1773 – 1780 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mattila , P. T. , Svanberg , M. J. , Makinen , K. K. and Knuttila , M. 1996 . Dietary xylitol, sorbitol and D-mannitol but not erythritol retard bone resorption in rats . J. Nutr. , 126 : 1865 – 1870 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McRorie , J. , Zorich , N. , Riccardi , K. , Bishop , L. , Filloon , T. , Wason , S. and Giannella , R. 2000 . Effects of olestra and sorbitol consumption on objective measures of diarrhea: Impact of stool viscosity on common gastrointestinal symptoms . Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , 31 : 59 – 67 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan , T. B. and Yudkin , J. 1957 . The vitamin-sparing action of sorbitol . Nature , 180 : 643 – 645 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mozaffarian , D. and Ludwig , D. S. 2010 . Dietary guidelines in the 21st century – a time for food . JAMA , 304 : 681 – 682 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muhlbauer , R. C. , Lozano , A. , Reinli , A. and Wetli , H. 2003 . Various selected vegetables, fruits, mushrooms and red wine residue inhibit bone resorption in rats . J. Nutr. , 133 : 3592 – 3597 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Müller-Lissner , S. A. , Kaatz , V. , Brandt , W. , Keller , J. and Layer , P. 2005 . The perceived effect of various foods and beverages on stool consistency . Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. , 17 : 109 – 112 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakatani , N. , Kayano , S. , Kikuzaki , H. , Sumino , K. , Katagiri , K. and Mitani , T. 2000 . Identification, quantitative determination, and antioxidative activities of chlorogenic acid isomers in prune (Prunus domestica L.) . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 48 : 5512 – 5516 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Negishi , H. , Onobayashi , Y. , Xu , J.-W. , Njelekela , M. A. , Kobayakawa , A. , Yasui , N. , Yamamoto , J. , Ikami , T. , Ikeda , K. and Yamori , Y. 2007 . Effects of prune extracts on blood pressure elevation in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats . Clin. Experim. Pharmacol. Physiol. , 34 : S47 – S48 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicklas , T. A. , O’Neil , C. E. and Fulgoni , V. L. 2009 . The role of dairy in meeting the recommendations for shortfall nutrients in American diet . J. Am. Coll. Nutr. , 28 ( Suppl. 1 ) : 73S – 81S .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norrato , G. , Porter , W. , Byrne , D. and Cisneros-Zevallos , L. 2009 . Identifying peach and plum polyphenols with chemopreventive potential against estrogen-independent breast cancer cells . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 57 : 5219 – 5226 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nunes , C. , Guyot , S. , Marnet , N. , Barros , A. S. , Saraiva , J. A. , Renard , C. M. G. C. and Coimbra , M. A. 2008 . Characterization of plum procyanidins by thiolytic depolymerization . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 56 : 5188 – 5196 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nutrition Data System for Research (NDS-R) . 2008 . Nutrient Total Reports. Nutrition Coordinating Center , Minnesota : University of Minnesota .
   Google Scholar
• Olsson , M. E. , Gustavsson , K.-E. , Andersson , S. , Nilsson , Å. and Duan , R.-D. 2004 . Inhibition of cancer cell proliferation in vitro by fruit and berry extracts and correlations with antioxidant levels . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 52 : 7264 – 7271 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olthof , M. R. , Hollman , P. C. , Buijsman , M. N. , van Amelsvoort , J. M. and Katan , M. B. 2003 . Chlorogenic acid, quercetin-3-rutinoside and black tea phenols are extensively metabolized in humans . J. Nutr. , 133 : 1806 – 1814 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olthof , M. R. , Hollman , P. C. and Katan , M. B. 2001 . Chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid are absorbed in humans . J. Nutr. , 131 : 66 – 71 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pellegrini , N. , Serafini , M. , Salvatore , S. , Del Rio , D. , Bianchi , M. and Brighenti , F. 2006 . Total antioxidant capacity of spices, dried fruits, nuts, pulses, cereals and sweets consumed in Italy assessed by three different in vitro assays . Mol. Nutr. Food Res. , 50 : 1030 – 1038 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peppler , E. , Müller , B. and Cremer , H. D. 1960 . The thiamine-sparing action of sorbitol in man . J. Nutr. , 71 : 91 – 94 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piga , A. , Del Caro , A. and Cirda , G. 2003 . From plums to prunes: Influence of dryng parameters on polyphenols and antioxidant activity . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 51 : 3675 – 3681 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piirainen , L. , Peuhkuri , K. , Bäckström , K. , Korpela , R. and Salminen , S. 2007 . Prune juice has a mild laxative effect in adults with certain gastrointestinal symptoms . Nutr. Res. , 27 : 511 – 513 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prior , R. L. , Cao , G. , Wu , X. , Hoang , H. and Gu , L. 2002 . Increased hippuric acid excretion in human subjects following consumption of prunes, prune juice or blueberries, foods high in chlorogenic acid . FASEB J , 16 : A980 – A981 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prior , R. L. and Gu , L. 2005 . Occurrence and biological significance of proanthocyanidins in the American diet . Phytochemistry. , 66 : 2264 – 2280 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prior , R. L. , Gu , L. , Wu , X. , Jacob , R. A. , Sotoudeh , G. , Kader , A. A. and Cook , R. A. 2007 . Plasma antioxidant capacity changes following a meal as a measure of the ability of a food to alter in vivo antioxidant status . J. Am. Coll. Nutr. , 26 : 170 – 181 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raynal , J. , Moutonet , M. and Souquet , J.-M. 1989 . Intervention of phenolic compounds in plum technology. 1. Changes during drying . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 37 : 1046 – 1050 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reele , S. B. and Chodos , D. J. 1985 . Sorbitol induced diarrheal illness model . Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. Toxicol. , 23 : 403 – 405 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rendina , E. , Lim , Y. F. , Marlow , D. , Wang , Y. , Clarke , S. L. , Kuvibidila , S. , Lucas , E. A. and Smith , B. J. 2009 . Dietary supplementation with dried plum powder prevents ovariectomy-induced bone loss in C57BL/6 mice and modulates the immune response . FASEB J , 23 ( 563.13 )
   Google Scholar
• Rios , L. Y. , Gonthier , M.-P. , Remesy , C. , Mila , I. , Lapierre , C. , Lazarus , S. A. , Williamson , G. and Salbert , A. 2003 . Chocolate intake increases urinary excretion of polyphenol-derived phenolic acids in healthy human subjects . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 77 : 912 – 918 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rocha , B. S. , Gago , B. , Barbosa , R. M. and Laranjinha , J. 2009 . Dietary polyphenols generate nitric oxide from nitrite in the stomach and induce smooth muscle relaxation . Toxicology , 265 : 41 – 48 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez de Sotillo , D. V. and Hadley , M. 2002 . Chlorogenic acid modifies plasma and liver concentrations of: Cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and minerals in (fa/fa) Zucker rats . J. Nutr. Biochem. , 13 : 717 – 726 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rop , O. , Jurikova , T. , Mlcek , J. , Kramarova , D. and Sengee , Z. 2009 . Antioxidant activity and selected nutritional values of plums (Prunus domestica L.) typical of the White Carpathian Mountains . Sci. Hortic. , 122 : 545 – 549 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RxList Inc. 2013 . www.rxlist.com/hiprex-drug/patient-how-to-take.htm. Accessed January 6, 2013
   Google Scholar
• Sabarez , H. T. , Price , W. E. and Korth , J. 2000 . Volatile changes during dehydration of d’Agen prunes . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 48 : 1838 – 1842 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sairanen , U. , Piirainen , L. , Nevala , R. and Korpela , R. 2007 . Yoghurt containing galacto-oligosaccharides, prunes and linseed reduces the severity of mild constipation in elderly subjects . Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. , 61 : 1423 – 1428 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salvador , M. T. , Murillo , M. D. , Rodriguez-Yoldi , M. C. , Alcalde , A. I. , Mesonero , J. E. and Rodriguez-Yoldi , M. J. 2000 . Effects of serotonin on the physiology of the rabbit small intestine . Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. , 78 : 359 – 366 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanz , M. L. , del Castillo , M. D. , Corzo , N. and Olano , A. 2001 . Formation of Amadori compounds in dehydrated fruits . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 49 : 5228 – 5231 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shahidi , F. and Chandrasekara , A. 2010 . Hydroxycinnamates and their in vivo and in vitro antioxidant activities . Phytochem. Rev. , 9 : 147 – 170 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherry , C. L. , Kim , S. S. , Dilger , R. N. , Bauer , L. L. , Moon , M. L. , Tapping , R. I. , Fahey , G. C. , Tappenden , K. A. and Freund , G. G. 2010 . Sickness behavior induced by endotoxin can be mitigated by the dietary soluble fiber, pectin, through up-regulation of IL-4 and Th2 polarization . Brain Behav. Immunol. , 24 : 641 – 640 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shukitt-Hale , B. , Kalt , W. , Carey , A. N. , Vinqvist-Tymchuk , M. , McDonald , J. and Joseph , J. A. 2009 . Plum juice, but not dried plum powder, is effective in mitigating cognitive deficits in aged rats . Nutrition. , 25 : 567 – 573 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , B. J. , Ethriedge , A. , Lucas , E. A. , Bellmer , D. , Stoecker , B. J. and Arjmandi , B. H. 2003 . Dried plum promotes bone recovery comparable to parathyroid hormone in osteopenic rats following hind limb unloading . J. Bone Miner. Res. , 18 : S277
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sobota , A. E. 1984 . Inhibition of bacterial adherence by cranberry juice: Potential use for the treatment of urinary tract infections . J. Urol. , 131 : 1013 – 1016 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Somogyi , L. P. 2005 . Plums and prunes. In: Processing Fruits: Science and Technology , Edited by: Barrett , D. M. , Somogyi , L. P. and Ramaswamy , H. S. 513 – 529 . London : CRC Press (Taylor & Francis Group .
   Google Scholar
• Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis , M. , Bowen , P. E. , Hussain , E. A. , Damayanti-Wood , B. I. and Farnsworth , N. R. 2001 . Chemical composition and potential health effect of prunes: A functional food? . Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. , 41 : 251 – 286 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stalmach , A. , Mullen , W. , Barron , D. , Uchida , K. , Yokota , T. , Cavin , C. , Steiling , H. , Williamson , G. and Crozier , A. 2009 . Metabolite profiling of hydroxycinnamate derivatives in plasma and urine after the ingestion of coffee by humans: identification of biomarkers of coffee consumption . Drug Metabol. Dispos. , 37 : 1749 – 1758 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stern , F. H. 1966 . Constipation – an omnipresent symptom: Effect of a preparation containing prune extract and cascarin . J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. , 14 : 1153 – 1155 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sunsweet Growers Inc. Products Specifications . Available from http://www.sunsweetingredients.com. Accessed March 09, 2010
   Google Scholar
• Thom , E. 2007 . The effect of chlorogenic acid enriched coffee on glucose absorption in healthy volunteers and its effect on body mass when used long-term in overweight and obese people . J. Int. Med. Res. , 35 : 900 – 908 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Townsley , E. D. , Noratto , G. , Angel , G. , Del Follo , A. , Byrne , D. and Mertens-Talcott , S. 2009 . Plum polyphenolics decrease oxidative stress and inflammation in vascular endothelial cells . FASEB J , 23 717.12
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC). 2006 . Low oxalate diet . Available from http://www.upmc.com/healthatoz/patienteducation/documents/lowoxalatediet.pdf
   Google Scholar
• USDA . 1987 . Sugar content of selected foods. Individual and total sugars . Available from http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/Data/Other/herr48.pdf
   Google Scholar
• USDA . 2004 . Database for proanthocyanidin content of selected foods . Available from http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp.
   Google Scholar
• USDA . 2007a . Database for the flavonoid content of selected foods, Release 2.1 . Available from http://www.ars.usda.gov/nutrientdata
   Google Scholar
• USDA . 2007b . Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) of selected foods . Available from http://www.ars.usda.gov/nutrientdata
   Google Scholar
• USDA . 2008 . Database for the choline content of common foods, Release 2 . Available from http://www.ars.usda.gov/nutrientdata
   Google Scholar
• USDA . 2010 . SR 25 page reports . Available from http://www.ars.usda.gov/services/docs.hmt?docid=20957
   Google Scholar
• Utsunomiya , H. , Takekoshi , S. , Gato , N. , Utatsu , H. , Motley , E. D. , Eguchi , K. , Fitzgerald , T. G. , Mifune , M. , Frank , G. D. and Eguchi , S. 2002 . Fruit-juice concentrate of Asian plum inhibits growth signals of vascular smooth muscle cells induced by angiotensin II . Life Sci , 72 : 659 – 667 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Utsunomiya , H. , Yamakawa , T. , Kamei , J. , Kadonosono , K. and Tanaka , S. 2005 . Anti-hyperglycemic effects of plum in a rat model of obesity and type 2 diabetes, Wistar fatty rat . Biomed Res. , 26 : 193 – 200 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Gorsel , H. , Li , C. , Kerbel , E. L. , Smits , M. and Kader , A. A. 1992 . Compositional characterization of prune juice . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 40 : 784 – 789 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaughan , O. W. and Filer , L. I. 1960 . The enhancing action of certain carbohydrates on the intestinal absorption of calcium in the rat . J. Nutr. , 71 : 10 – 14 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viani , R. 1988 . “ Physiologically active substances in coffee ” . In Coffee, Vol 3. Physiology , Edited by: Clarke , R. J. and Macrae , R. 1 – 31 . London : Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Vinson , J. A. , Jang , J. , Yang , J. , Dabbagh , Y. , Liang , X. , Serry , M. , Proch , J. and Cai , S. 1999 . Vitamins and especially flavonoids in common beverages are powerful in vitro antioxidants which enrich lower density lipoproteins and increase their oxidative resistance after ex vivo spiking in human plasma . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 47 : 2502 – 2504 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vinson , J. A. , Zubik , L. , Bose , P. , Samman , N. and Proch , J. 2005 . Dried fruits: Excellent in vitro and in vivo antioxidants . J. Am. Coll. Nutr. , 24 : 44 – 50 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walkowiak-Tomczak , D. 2008a . Characteristics of plums as a raw material with valuable nutritive and dietary properties – a review . Pol. J. Food Nutr. Sci. , 58 : 401 – 405 .
   Google Scholar
• Walkowiak-Tomczak , D. 2008b . Effects of plum drying on polyphenol content and antioxidant activity . Bromat. Chem. Toksykol. , XLI : 562 – 566 . (Polish)
   Google Scholar
• Wu , X. , Beecher , G. R. , Holden , J. M. , Haytowitz , D. B. , Gebhardt , S. E. and Prior , R. L. 2004 . Lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidant capacities of common foods in the United States . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 52 : 4026 – 4037 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu , H. , Dwyer , K. M. , Fan , Z. , Shircore , A. , Fan , J. and Dwyer , J. H. 2003 . Dietary fiber and progression of atherosclerosis: The Los Angeles Atherosclerosis Study . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 78 : 1085 – 1091 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang , Y. and Gallaher , D. D. 2005 . Effect of dried plums on colon cancer risk factors in rats . Nutr. Cancer , 5 : 117 – 125 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu , M. F. , Im , H. G. , Lee , S.-O. , Sung , C. , Park , D.-C. and Lee , I.-S. 2007 . Induction of apoptosis by immature fruits of Prunus salicina Lindl. Cv. Soldam in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells . Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr. , 58 : 42 – 53 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zarembski , P. M. and Hodgkinson , A. 1962 . The oxalic acid content of English diets . Brit. J. Nutr. , 16 : 627 – 634 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zittermann , A. 2001 . Effects of vitamin K on calcium and bone metabolism . Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care , 4 : 483 – 487 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar