1,720
Views
19
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Molecular Basis of Taste Sense: Involvement of GPCR Receptors

, &
Pages 771-780 | Received 30 Jun 2011, Accepted 18 Jul 2011, Published online: 17 Dec 2013

REFERENCES

  • Adler , E. , Hoon , M. A. , Mueller , K. L. , Chandrashekar , J. , Ryba , N. J. P. and Zuker , C. S. 2000 . A novel family of mammalian taste receptors . Cell. , 100 : 693 – 702 .
  • Amrein , H. and Bray , S. 2003 . Bitter-sweet solution in taste transduction . Cell. , 112 : 283 – 287 .
  • Andres-Barquin , P. J. and Conte , C. 2004 . Molecular basis of bitter taste . Cell Biochem. Biophys. , 41 : 99 – 112 .
  • Bachmanov , A. A. and Beauchamp , G. K. 2007 . Taste receptor genes . Annu. Rev. Nutr. , 27 : 389 – 414 .
  • Behrens , M. , Foerster , S. , Staehler , F. , Raguse , J.-D. and Meyerhof , W. 2006 . Gustatory expression profiles of the full complement of human bitter taste receptor genes . Chem. Senses. , 31 ( 8 ) : E72
  • Bockaert , J. and Pin , J. P. 1999 . Molecular tinkering of G protein-coupled receptors: An evolutionary success . EMBO J. , 18 : 1723 – 1729 .
  • Breslin , P. A. S. and Spector , A. C. 2008 . Mammalian taste perception . Curr. Biol. , 18 : R148 – R155 .
  • Briscoe , C. P. , Tadayyon , M. , Andrews , J. L. , Benson , W. G. , Chambers , J. K. , Eilert , M. M. , Ellis , C. , Elshourbagy , N. A. , Goetz , A. S. , Minnick , D. T. , Murdock , P. R. , Sauls , H. R. , Shabon , U. , Spinage , L. D. , Strum , J. C. , Szekeres , P. G. , Tan , K. B. , Way , J. M. , Ignar , D. M. , Wilson , S. and Muir , A. I. 2003 . The orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR40 is activated by medium and long chain fatty acids . J. Biol. Chem. , 278 : 11303 – 11311 .
  • Cartoni , C. , Yasumatsu , K. , Ohkuri , T. , Shigemura , N. , Yoshida , R. , Godinot , N. , le Coutre , J. , Ninomiya , Y. and Damak , S. 2010 . Taste preference for fatty acids is mediated by GPR40 and GPR120 . J. Neurosci. , 30 : 8376 – 8382 .
  • Chandrashekar , J. , Hoon , M. A. , Ryba , N. J. P. and Zuker , C. S. 2006 . The receptors and cells for mammalian taste . Nature. , 444 : 288 – 294 .
  • Chandrashekar , J. , Mueller , K. L. , Hoon , M. A. , Adler , E. , Feng , L. , Guo , W. , Zuker , C. S. and Ryba , N. J. P. 2000 . T2Rs function as bitter taste receptors . Cell. , 100 : 703 – 711 .
  • Chaudhari , N. , Landin , A. M. and Roper , S. D. 2000 . A metabotropic glutamate receptor variant functions as a taste receptor . Nat. Neurosci. , 3 : 113 – 119 .
  • Clapp , T. R. , Medler , K. F. , Damak , S. , Margolskee , R. F. and Kinnamon , S. C. 2006 . Mouse taste cells with G protein-coupled taste receptors lack voltage-gated calcium channels and SNAP-25 . BMC Biol. , 4 : 7 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7007-4-7.
  • Clapp , T. R. , Stone , L. M. , Margolskee , R. F. and Kinnamon , S. C. 2001 . Immunocytochemical evidence for co-expression of type III IP3 receptor with signaling components of bitter taste transduction . BMC Neurosci. , 2 : 6 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-2-6.
  • Damak , S. , Rong , M. , Yasumatsu , K. , Kokrashvili , Z. , Varadarajan , V. , Zou , S. , Jiang , P. , Ninomiya , Y. and Margolskee , R. F. 2003 . Detection of sweet and umami taste in the absence of taste receptor T1r3 . Science. , 301 : 850 – 853 .
  • Dulac , C. 2000 . The physiology of taste . Cell. , 100 : 607 – 610 .
  • Feng , D. D. , Luo , Z. , Roh , S. G. , Hernandez , M. , Tawadros , N. , Keating , D. J. and Chen , C. 2006 . Reduction in voltage-gated K+ currents in primary cultured rat pancreatic beta-cells by linoleic acids . Endocrinology. , 147 : 674 – 682 .
  • Ferguson , S. S. G. and Caron , M. G. 1998 . G protein-coupled receptor adaptation mechanisms . Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. , 9 : 119 – 127 .
  • Fleig , A. and Penner , R. 2004 . The TRPM ion channel subfamily: Molecular, biophysical and functional features . Trends Pharmacol. Sci. , 25 : 633 – 639 .
  • Fotiadis , D. , Jastrzebska , B. , Philippsen , A. , Müller , D. J. , Palczewski , K. and Engel , A. 2006 . Structure of the rhodopsin dimer: A working model for G-protein-coupled receptors . Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. , 16 : 252 – 259 .
  • Fredholm , B. B. , Hökfelt , T. and Milligan , G. 2007 . G-protein-coupled receptors: An update . Acta Physiol. (Oxf.) , 190 : 3 – 7 .
  • Fredriksson , R. , Lagerström , M. C. , Lundin , L.-G. and Schiöth , H. B. 2003 . The G-protein-coupled receptors in the human genome form five main families. Phylogenetic analysis, paralogon groups and fingerprints . Mol. Pharmacol. , 63 : 1256 – 1272 .
  • Fuke , S. and Ueda , Y. 1996 . Interactions between umami and other flavor characteristics . Trends Food Sci. Technol. , 7 : 407 – 411 .
  • Gilbertson , T. A. , Damak , S. and Margolskee , R. F. 2000 . The molecular physiology of taste transduction . Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. , 10 : 519 – 527 .
  • Gotoh , C. , Hong , Y. H. , Iga , T. , Hishikawa , D. , Suzuki , Y. , Song , S. H. , Choi , K. C. , Adachi , T. , Hirasawa , A. , Tsujimoto , G. , Sasaki , S. and Roh , S. G. 2007 . The regulation of adipogenesis through GPR120 . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , 354 : 591 – 597 .
  • Gromada , J. 2006 . The free fatty acid receptor GPR40 generates excitement in pancreatic beta-cells . Endocrinology. , 147 : 672 – 673 .
  • Hakak , Y. , Shrestha , D. , Goegel , M. C. , Behan , D. P. and Chalmers , D. T. 2003 . Global analysis of G-protein-coupled receptor signaling in human tissues . FEBS Lett. , 550 : 11 – 17 .
  • He , W. , Yasumatsu , K. , Varadarajan , V. , Yamada , A. , Lem , J. , Ninomiya , Y. , Margolskee , R. F. and Damak , S. 2004 . Umami taste responses are mediated by α-transducin and α-gustducin . J. Neurosci. , 24 : 7674 – 7680 .
  • Hirasawa , A. , Tsumaya , K. , Awaji , T. , Katsuma , S. , Adachi , T. , Yamada , M. , Sugimoto , Y. , Miyazaki , S. and Tsujimoto , G. 2005 . Free fatty acids regulate gut incretin glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion through GPR120 . Nat. Med. , 11 : 90 – 94 .
  • Hofmann , T. , Chubanov , V. , Gudermann , T. and Montell , C. 2003 . TRPM5 is a voltage-modulated and Ca2+-activated monovalent selective cation channel . Curr. Biol. , 13 : 1153 – 1158 .
  • Hoon , M. A. , Adler , E. , Lindemeier , J. , Battey , J. F. , Ryba , N. J. P. and Zuker , C. S. 1999 . Putative mammalian taste receptors: A class of taste-specific GPCRs with distinct topographic selectivity . Cell. , 96 : 541 – 551 .
  • Huang , A. L. , Chen , X. , Hoon , M. A. , Chandrashekar , J. , Guo , W. , Tränkner , D. , Ryba , N. J. P. and Zuker , C. S. 2006 . The cells and logic for mammalian sour taste detection . Nature. , 442 : 934 – 938 .
  • Hur , E.-M. and Kim , K.-T. 2002 . G protein-coupled receptor signalling and cross-talk. Achieving rapidity and specificity . Cell Signal. , 14 : 397 – 405 .
  • Ishimaru , Y. 2009 . Molecular mechanisms of taste transduction in vertebrates . Odontology. , 97 : 1 – 7 .
  • Ishimaru , Y. and Matsunami , H. 2009 . Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels and taste sensation . J. Dent. Res. , 88 : 212 – 218 .
  • Jiang , P. , Cui , M. , Zhao , B. , Snyder , L. A. , Benard , L. M. J. , Osman , R. , Max , M. and Margolskee , R. F. 2005 . Identification of the cyclamate interaction site within the transmembrane domain of the human sweet taste receptor subunit T1R3 . J. Biol. Chem. , 280 : 34296 – 34305 .
  • Karnik , S. S. , Gogonea , C. , Patil , S. , Saad , Y. and Takezako , T. 2003 . Activation of G-protein-coupled receptors: A common molecular mechanism . Trends Endocrinol. Metab. , 14 : 431 – 437 .
  • Khan , N. A. and Besnard , P. 2009 . Oro-sensory perception of dietary lipids: New insights into the fat taste transduction . Biochim. Biophys. Acta. , 1791 : 149 – 155 .
  • Kim , U.-K. , Breslin , P. A. S. , Reed , D. and Drayna , D. 2004 . Genetics of human taste perception . J. Dent. Res. , 83 : 448 – 453 .
  • Kinnamon , S. C. 1996 . Taste transduction: Linkage between molecular mechanisms and psychophysics . Food Qual. Prefer. , 7 : 153 – 159 .
  • Kinnamon , S. C. 2009 . Umami taste transduction mechanisms . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 90 : 753S – 755S .
  • Kitagawa , M. , Kusakabe , Y. , Miura , H. , Ninomiya , Y. and Hino , A. 2001 . Molecular genetic identification of a candidate receptor gene for sweet taste . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , 283 : 236 – 242 .
  • Kotarsky , K. , Nilsson , N. E. , Flodgren , E. , Owman , C. and Olde , B. 2003 . A human cell surface receptor activated by free fatty acids and thiazolidinedione drugs . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , 301 : 406 – 410 .
  • Kristiansen , K. 2004 . Molecular mechanisms of ligand binding, signaling, and regulation within the superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors: Molecular modeling and mutagenesis approaches to receptor structure and function . Pharmacol. Ther. , 103 : 21 – 80 .
  • Lerea , C. L. , Somers , D. E. , Hurley , J. B. , Klock , I. B. and Bunt-Milam , A. H. 1986 . Identification of specific transducin alpha subunits in retinal rod and cone photoreceptors . Science. , 234 : 77 – 80 .
  • Lewcock , J. W. and Reed , R. R. 2001 . Sweet successes . Neuron. , 31 : 515 – 517 .
  • Li , X. 2009 . T1R receptors mediate mammalian sweet and umami taste . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 90 : 733S – 737S .
  • Li , X. , Staszewski , L. , Xu , H. , Durick , K. , Zoller , M. and Adler , E. 2002 . Human receptors for sweet and umami taste . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci , 99 : 4692 – 4696 .
  • Liman , E. R. 2007 . TRPM5 and taste transduction . Handb. Exp. Pharmacol. , 179 : 285 – 296 .
  • Lindemann , B. 1996 . Chemoreception: Tasting the sweet and the bitter . Curr. Biol. , 6 : 1234 – 1237 .
  • Lindemann , B. 2001 . Receptors and transduction in taste . Nature. , 413 : 219 – 225 .
  • Lindemann , B. , Ogiwara , Y. and Ninomiya , Y. 2002 . The discovery of umami . Chem. Senses. , 27 : 843 – 844 .
  • Maehashi , K. and Huang , L. 2009 . Bitter peptides and bitter taste receptors . Cell. Mol. Life Sci. , 66 : 1661 – 1671 .
  • Margolskee , R. F. 2002 . Molecular mechanisms of bitter and sweet taste transduction . J. Biol. Chem. , 277 : 1 – 4 .
  • Matsumura , S. , Mizushige , T. , Yoneda , T. , Iwanaga , T. , Tsuzuki , S. , Inoue , K. and Fushiki , T. 2007 . GPR expression in the rat taste bud relating to fatty acid sensing . Biomed. Res. , 28 : 49 – 55 .
  • Matsunami , H. , Montmayeur , J.-P. and Buck , L. B. 2000 . A family of candidate taste receptors in human and mouse . Nature. , 404 : 601 – 604 .
  • Mattes , R. D. 2009 . Is there a fatty acid taste? . Annu. Rev. Nutr. , 29 : 305 – 327 .
  • Mattes , R. D. 2011 . Accumulating evidence supports a taste component for free fatty acids in humans . Physiol. Behav. , 104 : 624 – 631 .
  • Max , M. , Shanker , Y. G. , Huang , L. , Rong , M. , Liu , Z. , Campagne , F. , Weinstein , H. , Damak , S. and Margolskee , R. F. 2001 . Tas1r3, encoding a new candidate taste receptor, is allelic to the sweet responsiveness locus Sac . Nat. Genet. , 28 : 58 – 63 .
  • McCabe , C. and Rolls , E. T. 2007 . Umami: A delicious flavor formed by convergence of taste and olfactory pathways in the human brain . Eur. J. Neurosci. , 25 : 1855 – 1864 .
  • McCudden , C. R. , Hains , M. D. , Kimple , R. J. , Siderovski , D. P. and Willard , F. S. 2005 . G-protein signaling: Back to the future . Cell. Mol. Life Sci. , 62 : 551 – 577 .
  • Minke , B. 2006 . TRP channels and Ca2+ signaling . Cell Calcium. , 40 : 261 – 275 .
  • Mombaerts , P. 2004 . Genes and ligands for odorant, vomeronasal and taste receptors . Nature. , 5 : 263 – 278 .
  • Montmayeur , J.-P. and Matsunami , H. 2002 . Receptors for bitter and sweet taste . Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. , 12 : 366 – 371 .
  • Nelson , G. , Hoon , M. A. , Chandrashekar , J. , Zhang , Y. , Ryba , N. J. P. and Zuker , C. S. 2001 . Mammalian sweet taste receptors . Cell. , 106 : 381 – 390 .
  • Nie , Y. , Vigues , S. , Hobbs , J. R. , Conn , G. L. and Munger , S. D. 2005 . Distinct contributions of T1R2 and T1R3 taste receptor subunits to the detection of sweet stimuli . Curr. Biol. , 15 : 1948 – 1952 .
  • Nuez Veulens , A. and Rodríguez , R. 2009 . G Protein-coupled receptors as targets for drug design . Biotecnol. Apl. , 26 : 24 – 33 .
  • Ohkuri , T. , Yasumatsu , K. , Horio , N. , Jyotaki , M. , Margolskee , R. F. and Ninomiya , Y. 2009 . Multiple sweet receptors and transduction pathways revealed in knockout mice by temperature dependence and gurmarin sensitivity . Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. , 296 : R960 – R971 .
  • Palmer , R. K. 2007 . The pharmacology and signaling of bitter, sweet and umami taste sensing . Mol. Interv. , 7 : 87 – 98 .
  • Parry , C. M. , Erkner , A. and le Coutre , J. 2004 . Divergence of T2R chemosensory receptor families in humans, bonobos, and chimpanzees . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci , 101 : 14830 – 14834 .
  • Peréz , C. A. , Huang , L. , Rong , M. , Kozak , J. A. , Preuss , A. K. , Zhang , H. , Max , M. and Margolskee , R. F. 2002 . A transient receptor potential channel expressed in taste receptor cells . Nat. Neurosci. , 5 : 1169 – 1176 .
  • Pronin , A. N. , Tang , H. , Connor , J. and Keung , W. 2004 . Identification of ligands for two human bitter T2R receptors . Chem. Senses. , 29 : 583 – 593 .
  • Roberts , C. D. , Dvoryanchikov , G. , Roper , S. D. and Chaudhari , N. 2009 . Interaction between the second messengers cAMP and Ca2+ in mouse presynaptic taste cells . J. Physiol. , 587.8 : 1657 – 1668 .
  • Roper , S. D. 2007 . Signal transduction and information processing in mammalian taste buds . Pflügers Arch. , 454 : 759 – 776 .
  • Sainz , E. , Korley , J. N. , Battey , J. F. and Sullivan , S. L. 2001 . Identification of a novel member of the T1R family of putative taste receptors . J. Neurochem. , 77 : 896 – 903 .
  • Schlyer , S. and Horuk , R. 2006 . I want a new drug: G-protein-coupled receptors in drug development . Drug Discov. Today , 11 : 481 – 493 .
  • Shi , P. and Zhang , J. 2006 . Contrasting modes of evolution between vertebrate sweet/umami receptor genes and bitter receptor genes . Mol. Biol. Evol. , 23 : 292 – 300 .
  • Shi , P. and Zhang , J. 2009 . Extraordinary diversity of chemosensory receptor gene repertoires among vertebrates . Results Probl. Cell Differ. , 47 : 1 – 23 .
  • Spielman , A. I. 1998 . Gustducin and its role in taste . J. Dent. Res. , 77 : 539 – 544 .
  • Stewart , J. E. , Feinle-Bisset , C. , Golding , M. , Delahunty , C. , Clifton , P. M. and Keast , R. S. J. 2010 . Oral sensitivity to fatty acids, food consumption and BMI in human subjects . Br. J. Nutr. , 104 : 145 – 152 .
  • Stewart , J. E. , Feinle-Bisset , C. and Keas , R. S. J. 2011 . Fatty acid detection during food consumption and digestion: Associations with ingestive behavior and obesity . Prog. Lipid Res. , 50 : 225 – 233 .
  • Sugita , M. 2006 . Taste perception and coding in the periphery . Cell Mol. Life Sci. , 63 : 2000 – 2015 .
  • Tanaka , T. , Katsuma , S. , Adachi , T. , Koshimizu , T. A. , Hirasawa , A. and Tsujimoto , G. 2008 . Free fatty acids induce cholecystokinin secretion through GPR120 . Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. , 377 : 523 – 527 .
  • Temussi , P. A. 2009 . Sweet, bitter and umami receptors: A complex relationship . Trends Biochem. Sci. , 34 : 296 – 302 .
  • Upadhyaya , J. , Pydi , S. P. , Singh , N. , Aluko , R. E. and Chelikani , P. 2010 . Bitter taste receptor T2R1 is activated by dipeptides and tripeptides . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , 398 : 331 – 335 .
  • Varkevisser , B. and Kinnamon , S. C. 2000 . Sweet taste transduction in hamster: Role of protein kinases . J. Neurophysiol. , 83 : 2526 – 2532 .
  • Wu , S. V. , Rozengurt , N. , Yang , M. , Young , S. H. , Sinnett-Smith , J. and Rozengurt , E. 2002 . Expression of bitter taste receptors of the T2R family in the gastrointestinal tract and enteroendocrine STC-1 cells . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci , 99 : 2392 – 2397 .
  • Yoshida , R. , Sanematsu , K. , Shigemura , N. , Yasumatsu , K. and Ninomiya , Y. 2005 . Taste receptor cells responding with action potentials to taste stimuli and their molecular expression of taste related genes . Chem. Senses. , 30 : i19 – i20 .
  • Zhang , Y. , Hoon , M. A. , Chandrashekar , J. , Mueller , K. L. , Cook , B. , Wu , D. , Zuker , C. S. and Ryba , N. P. J. 2003 . Coding of sweet, bitter, and umami tastes: Different receptor cells sharing similar signaling pathways . Cell. , 112 : 293 – 301 .
  • Zhao , G. Q. , Zhang , Y. , Hoon , M. A. , Chandrashekar , J. , Erlenbach , I. , Ryba , N. J. P. and Zuker , C. S. 2003 . The receptors for mammalian sweet and umami taste . Cell. , 115 : 255 – 266 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.