1,346
Views
23
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Worldwide Status of Fresh Fruits Irradiation and Concerns about Quality, Safety, and Consumer Acceptance

, , &

References

  • Abadias, M., Usall, J., Oliveira, M., Alegre, I. and Viñas, I. (2008). Efficacy of neutral electrolyzed water (NEW) for reducing microbial contamination on minimally-processed vegetables. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 123:151–158.
  • Abdellaoui, S., Lacroix, M., Jobin, M., Boubekri, C. and Gagnon, M. (1995). Effect of gamma irradiation combined with hot water treatment on the physico–chemical, nutritional and organoleptic qualities of clementines. Sci. Aliment. 15:217–235.
  • Akram, K. and Kwon, J. H. (2010). Food irradiation for mushrooms: A review. J. Korean Soc. Appl. Bi. 53:257–265.
  • Akram, K., Ahn, J. J. and Kwon, J. H. (2012). Analytical methods for the identification of irradiated foods. In: Ionizing Radiation: Applications, Sources and Biological Effects, pp. 1–36. Belotserkovsky, E. and Ostaltsov, Z., Eds., Nova Science Publishers, New York.
  • Akter, H., and Khan, S. A. (2012). Effect of gamma irradiation on the quality (color, firmness and total soluble solid) of tomato (Lycopersicon sculentum mill.) stored at different temperature. Asian J. Agric. Res. 6:12–20.
  • Al-Bachir M. (1999). Effect of gamma irradiation on storability of apples (Malus domestica L.). Plant Food Hum. Nutr. 54:1–11.
  • Alonso, M., Palou, L., Angel del Rıo, M. and Jacas, J.- A. (2007). Effect of X-ray irradiation on fruit quality of clementine mandarin cv. ‘Clemenules’. Rad. Phys. Chem. 76:1631–1635.
  • APHIS. United States Department of Agriculture/Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. (2012). Notice of decision to authorize the importation of pomegranate from into the continental United States (7 CFR part 305). Fed. Reg. 77:7122–7123.
  • Arvanitoyannis, I. S. (2010). Irradiation of food commodities: techniques, applications, detection, legislation, safety and consumer opinion. 1st Edition. Academic Press an imprint of Elsevier. London
  • Arvanitoyannis, I. S., Stratakos, A. C., and Tsarouhas, P. (2009). Irradiation applications in vegetables and fruits: A review. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 49:427–462.
  • Aziz, N. H. and Moussa, L. A. A. (2002). Influence of gamma-radiation on mycotoxin producing moulds and mycotoxins in fruits. Food Control. 13:281–288.
  • Basfar, A. A., Mohamed, K. A. and Al–Saqer, O. A. (2012). De–contamination of pesticide residues in food by ionizing radiation. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 81:473–478.
  • Basson et al. (1979). Basson, R. A., Beyers, M. and Thomas, A. C. (1979). A radiation-chemical approach to the evaluation of the possibly toxicity of irradiated fruits: Part 1—The effect of protection by carbohydrates. Food Chem. 4:131–142.
  • Behrens, J. H., Barcellos, M. N., Frewer, L. J., Nunes, T. P. and Landgraf, M. (2009). Brazilian consumer views on food irradiation. Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. 10:383–389.
  • Bibi, N., Khattak, M. K., Badshah, A. and Chaudry, M. A. (2006). Radiation treatment of minimally processed fruits and vegetables for ensuring hygienic quality. Use of Irradiation to Ensure the Hygienic Quality of Fresh, Pre-Cut Fruits and Vegetables and Other Minimally Processed Food of Plant Origin. Proceedings of a final research coordination meeting organized by the Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture and held in Islamabad, Pakistan, 22–30 July 2005. December 2006, pp. 205–224.
  • Bidawid, S., Farber, J. M. and Sattar, S. A. (2000). Inactivation of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in fruits and vegetables by gamma irradiation. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 57:91–97.
  • Blackburn, C. (2011). Irradiated food global developments and irradiation as a quarantine treatment. Irradiation technology industrial application forum. Food and environmental protection section joint FAO/IAEA division of nuclear techniques in food and agriculture. Vienna, Austria. (http://latu21.latu.org.uy/es/docs/7-Carl-Blackburn-Alimentos-irradiados-medida-cuarentenaria.pdf) Date last accessed: October 14, 2012.
  • Boisseau, P. (1994). Irradiation and the food industry in France. Food Technol. 48:138–140.
  • Boylson, T. D., Reitmeir, C. A., Moy, J. H., Mosher, G. A. and Taladriz, L. (2002). Sensory quality and nutrient composition of three Hawaiin fruits treated by X- irradiation. J. Food Quality 25:419–433.
  • Brash, A. and Huber, W. (1947). Ultra short application time of penetrating electrons: A tool for sterilization and preservation of food in raw state. Science. 105:112–117.
  • Bruhn, C. M. (2001). United States consumer choice of irradiated food. In: Irradiation for Food Safety and Quality, pp. 169–173. Loaharanu, P. and Thomas, P. Eds., Technomic Publishing, Lancaster.
  • Bustos– Griffin, E., Hallman, G. J. and Griffin, R. L. (2012). Current and potential trade in horticultural products irradiated for phytosanitary purposes. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 81:1203–1207.
  • Cardello, A. V. (2003). Consumer concerns and expectations about novel food processing technologies: Effects on product liking. Appetite. 40:217–233.
  • Castell–Perez, E., Moreno, M., Rodriguez, O. and Moreira, R. G. (2004a). Electron beam irradiation treatment of cantaloupes: Effect on product quality. Food Sci. Technol. Int. 13:249–257.
  • Castell–Perez, E., Moreno, M., Rodriguez, O. and Moreira, R. G. (2004b). Electron beam irradiation treatment of cantaloupes: Effect on product quality. Food Sci. Tech. Int. 10:383–390.
  • Chauhan, S. K., Kumar, R., Nadanasabapathy, S. and Bawa, A. S. (2009). Detection methods for irradiated foods. Compr. Rev. Food Sci. F. 8:4–16.
  • Cia, P., Pascholati, S. F., Benato, E. A., Camili, E. C. and Santos, C. A. (2007). Effects of gamma and UV-C irradiation on the postharvest control of papaya anthracnose. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 43:366–373.
  • Codex. (2003). General standard for irradiated foods. Codex Stan 106–1983, Rev. 1–2003. Codex Alimentarius Commission Rome.
  • Deliza, R., Rosenthal, A., Hedderley, D. and Jaeger, S. R. (2010). Consumer perception of irradiated fruit: A case study using choice-based conjoint analysis. J. Sens. Stud. 25:184–200.
  • Diehl, J. F. (1995). Safety of Irradiated Foods. 2nd Edition. Marcel Dekker Inc, New York.
  • Diehl, J. F. (2001). Achievements of food irradiation during the 20th century. FAO/IAEA/WHO International Conference on Ensuring the Safety and Quality of Food through Radiation Processing, Antalya, Turkey, 19–22 Oct., 1999.
  • D’Innocenzo, M. and Lajolo, F. M. (2001). Effect of gamma irradiation on softening changes and enzyme activities during ripening of papaya fruit. J. Food Bioch. 25:425–438.
  • Drake, S. R., Neven, L. G. and Sanderson, P. G. (2003). Carbohydrate concentrations of apples and pears as influenced by irradiation as a quarantine treatment. J. Food Process. Pres. 27:165–172.
  • Drake, S. R., Sanderson, P. G. and Neven, L. G. (1999). Response of apple and winterpear fruit quality to irradiation as a quarantine treatment. J. Food Process. Pres. 23:203–216.
  • Draughon, A., Evans, A., Hulbert, G. and Mount, J. (2001). Lethality of 5MeV e–beam to Staphylococcus, Salmonella, and Listeria in sliced cantaloupe and tomato. 88th Annual Meeting of International Association Food Protection, Minneapolis, USA, 5–8 Aug., 2001.
  • Egea, M. I., Murcia, M. A., Sánchez–Bel, P., Romojaro, F. and Martínez– Madrid, M. C. (2005). Effect of electron beam ionization on shelf life of apricot. Acta Hort. 682:1211–1218.
  • European Union. (2007). Official journal of the European Union C122/3. Report from the Commission on Food Irradiation for the Year 2005 (2007/C 122/03) http://eur–lex.europa.eu/JOIndex.do?ihmlang=en2297;. Date last accessed: Oct 14, 2012.
  • Eustice R. F. (2015). Using irradiation to make safe food safer. Stewart Postharvest Review 11:1–5.
  • Fan, X. (2012). Irradiation of fresh and fresh-cut fruits and vegetables. In: Food Irradiation Research and Technology; Quality and Shelf life, pp. 271–294. Christopher, H. S. and Fan, X. Eds. John Wiley & Sons. New York.
  • Fan, X. and Mattheis, J. P. (2001). 1-Methylcyclopropene and storage temperature influence responses of ‘Gala’ apple fruit to gamma irradiation. Postharvest Biol Technol. 23:143–151.
  • Fan, X. and Sokorai, K. J. B. (2008). Effect of ionizing radiation on furan formation in fresh-cut fruits and vegetables. J. Food Sci. 73:79–83.
  • Fan, X., Lee, E. J. and Ahn, D. (2011). Volatile sulfur compounds in foods as a result of ionizing radiation. pp. 243–258. ACS Symposium Series. American Chemical Society. DOI: 10.1021/bk-2011–1068.ch012
  • Fan, X., Niemera, B. A., Mattheis, J. P., Zhuang, H. and Olson, D. W. (2005). Quality of fresh–cut apple slices as affected by low–dose ionizing radiation and calcium ascorbate treatment. J. Food Sci. 70:143–148.
  • Fan, X., Niemira, B. A. and Thayer, D. W. (2004). Low-dose ionizing radiation of fruit juices: benefits and concerns. pp. 138–150. ACS Symposium Series. American Chemical Society. DOI: 10.1021/bk-2004–0875.ch009
  • Farkas, J. (1990). Combination of irradiation with mild treatment: A review. Food Control. 1:223–229.
  • Farkas, J. (2004). Food irradiation. In: Charged particle and photon interactions with matter, pp. 785–812. Mozumder, A. and Hatano, Y., Eds., Marcel Dekker, New York.
  • Farkas, J. (2006). Irradiation for better foods. Trends Food Sci. Tech. 17:148–152.
  • Farkas, J. and Mohacsi–Farkas, C. (2011). History and future of food irradiation. Trends Food Sci. Tech. 22:121–126.
  • Ferrier, P. (2010). Irradiation as a quarantine treatment. Food Policy. 35:548–555.
  • Follet, P. A. and Weinert, E. D. (2012). Phytosanitary irradiation of fresh tropical commodities in Hawaii: generic treatments, commercial adoption, and current issues. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 81:1064–1067.
  • Follett, P. A. (2001). Irradiation as a quarantine treatment for mango seed weevil. Proc. Hawaiian Entomol. Soc. 35:85–90.
  • Follett, P. A. (2004). Irradiation to control insects in fruits and vegetables for export from Hawaii. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 71:61–164.
  • Follett, P. A. and Griffin, R. L. (2006). Irradiation as a phytosanitary treatment for fresh horticultural commodities: research and regulations. In: Food Irradiation Research and Technology. pp. 143–168. Sommers, C. H. and Fan, X., Eds., Blackwell Publishing, New York.
  • Follett, P. A. and Weinert, E. D. (2009). Comparative radiation dose mapping of single fruit type and mixed–fruit boxes for export from Hawaii. J. Food Process. Pres. 33:231–244.
  • Food Facts. (2012). Raw produce: Selecting and serving it safely. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/food/resourcesforyou/consumers/ucm114299. Date last accessed: February 18, 2013.
  • Francis, G. A., Gallone, A., Nychas, G. J., Sofos, J. N., Colelli, G., Amodio, M. L. and Spano, G. (2012). Factors affecting quality and safety of fresh–cut produce. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 52:595–610.
  • Gagnon, M., Lacroix, M., Pringsulaka, V., Latreille, B., Jobin, M., Nouchpramool, K., Prachasitthisak, Y., Charoen, S., Adulyatham, P., Lettre, J. and Grad, B. (1993). Effect of gamma irradiation combined with hot water dip and transportation from Thailand to Canada on biochemical and physical characteristics of Thai mangoes (Nahng Glahng Wahn variety). Radiat. Phys. Chem. 42:283–287.
  • Hallman, G. J. and Martinez, L. R. (2001). Ionizing irradiation quarantine treatment against Mexican fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) in citrus fruits. Postharvest Biol. Tec. 23:71–77.
  • Harder, M. N. C., De Toledo, T. C. F., Ferreira, A. C. P. and Arthur, V. (2009). Determination of changes induced by gamma radiation in nectar of kiwi fruit (Actinidia deliciosa). Radiat. Phys. Chem. 78:579–582.
  • Hayashi, T. (1986). Commercialization of irradiated potatoes in japan and future prospects. Proceedings of a Seminar. Practical Application of Food Irradiation in Asia and the Pacific. pp. 125–137. IAEA-TECDOC- 452, Vienna.
  • Health Canada. (2009). Safe Handling of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables. Available at: http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hl-vs/iyh-vsv/food-aliment/handling-manipulation-eng.php. Date last accessed: February 18, 2013.
  • Heather, N. W., Corcoran, R. J., 1992. Effects of ionizing energy on fruit flies and seed weevil in Australian mangoes. In: Panel proceedings of the final research coordination meeting on use of irradiation as quarantine treatment of food and agricultural commodities. Kuala Lumpur Malaysia, August 1990, pp 43–52. IAEA, Vienna.
  • Hunter, C. (2000). Changing attitudes to irradiation throughout the food chain. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 57:239–243.
  • Hussain, P. R., Dar, M. A. and Wani, A. M. (2012). Effect of edible coating and gamma irradiation on inhibition of mould growth and quality retention of strawberry during refrigerated storage. Int. J. Food Sci Technol. 47:2318–2324.
  • Hussain, P. R., Meena, R. S., Dar, M. A. and Wani, A. M. (2010). Carboxymethyl cellulose coating and low-dose gamma irradiation improves storage quality and shelf-life of pear (Pyrus communis L., Cv, Bartlett/William). J. Food Sci. 75:586–596.
  • IAEA. (2002). Irradiation as a phytosanitary treatment of food and agricultural commodities. pp. 6–8. Proceedings of a final research coordination meeting organized by the Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture. AEA-TECDOC-1427. Vienna, Austria.
  • IAEA. (2005). Working material, FAO/IAEA (RCA). Final Review Meeting of Coordinators of the Project on the Application of Irradiation, for Improving Food Safety, Security and Trade, Daejeon, Republic of Korea, February 2005, reproduced by the IAEA, Vienna, Austria.
  • IAEA Nucleus. (2015). Food irradiation clearances database. Available at: http:/www.nucleus.iaea.org/FICDB/browse.aspx. Date last accessed: November 4, 2015.
  • Janave, M. T. and Sharma, A. (2005). Extended storage of gamma-irradiated mango at tropical ambient temperature by film wrap packaging. J. Food Sci. Technol. 42:230–233.
  • Junqueira–Goncalves, M. P., Cardoso, L. P., Pinto, M. S., Pereira, R. M., Soares, N. F. and Miltz, J. (2011). Irradiated beetroot extract as a colorant for cream cheese. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 80:114–118.
  • Junqueira–Goncalves, M. P., Galotto, M. J., Valenzuela, X., Dinten, C. M., Aguirre, P. and Miltz, J. (2011). Perception and view of consumers on food irradiation and the Radura symbol. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 80:119–122.
  • Kang, F., Hallman, G. J., Wei, Y., Zhang, F. and Li, Z. (2012). Effect of X–ray irradiation on the physical and chemical quality of America red globe grape. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 11(31):7966–7972.
  • Kilcast, D. (1994). Effect of irradiation on vitamins. Food Chem. 49:157–164.
  • Kume, T. and Todoriki, S. (2013). Food irradiation in Asia, the European Union, and the United States: A status update. Radioisotopes 62:291–299.
  • Kim, K. H. and Yook, H. S. (2009). Effect of gamma irradiation on quality of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa var. deliciosa cv.Hayward). Radiat. Phys. Chem. 78:414–421.
  • Kume, T., Furuta, M., Todoriki, S., Uenoyama, N. and Kobayashi, Y. (2009). Status of food irradiation in the world. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 78:222–226.
  • Kwon, J. H., Ahn, J. J. and Shahbaz, H. M. (2014). Food irradiation processing. In: Handbook of Food Processing and Engineering: Food Engineering Fundamentals, pp. 427–490. Varzakas, T. and Tzia, C., Eds., CRC Press, New York.
  • Lacroix, M. and Ouattara, B. (2000). Combined industrial processes with irradiation to assure innocuity and preservation of food products – A review. Food Res. Int. 33:719–724.
  • Lacroix, M. and Ouattara, B. (2000). Combined industrial processes with irradiation to assure innocuity and preservation of food products– A review. Food Res. Int. 33:719–724.
  • Lacroix, M. and Vigneault, C. (2007). Irradiation treatment for increasing fruit and vegetable quality. Stewart. Posthar. Rev. 3:1–8.
  • Lacroix, M. L., Lapointe, M., Latreille, B. and Gagnon, M. (1991). Effect of gamma irradiation combined with hot water dip on the chemical and nutritional qualities of mangoes. Microbiologie Aliments Nutrition. 9(3):247–256.
  • Lacroix, M., Gagnon, M., Pringsulaka, V., Jobin, M., Latreille, B., Nouchpramool, K., Prachasitthisak, Y., Charoen, S., Adulyatham, P., Lettre, J. and Grad, B. (1993). Effect of gamma irradiation with or without hot water dip and transportation from Thailand to Canada on nutritional qualities, ripening index and sensorial characteristics of Thai mangoes (Nahng Glahng Wahn variety). Radiat. Phys. Chem. 42:273–277.
  • Lee, S. K. and Kader, A. A. (2000). Preharvest and postharvest factors influencing vitamin C content of horticultural crops. Postharvest Biol. Tec. 20:207–220.
  • Mahmoud, B. S. M. (2010). The effects of X–ray radiation on Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica and Shigella flexneri inoculated on whole Roma tomatoes. Food Microbiol. 27:1057–1063.
  • Martins, C. G., Aragon-Alegro, L. C., Behrens, J. H., Souza, K. L. O., Vizeu, D. M., Hutzler, B. W., Destro, M. T. and Landgraf, M. (2008). Acceptability of minimally processed and irradiated pineapple and watermelon among Brazilian consumers. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 77:825–829.
  • Maxie, E. C. and Kader, A. A. (1966). Food irradiation–physiology of fruits as related to the feasibility of the technology. Adv. Food Res. 15:105–145.
  • McDonald, H., McCulloch, M., Caporaso, F., Winborne, I., Oubichon, M., Rakovski, C. and Prakash, A. (2012). Commercial scale irradiation for insect disinfestation preserves peach quality. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 81:697–704.
  • Miller, W. R. and McDonald, R. E. (1995). Quality of ‘sharpblue’ blueberries after electron beam irradiation. Hortscience 30:306–308.
  • Miller, W. R., McDonald, R. E. and Chaparro, J. (2000). Tolerance of selected orange and mandarin hybrid fruit to low-dose irradiation for quarantine purposes. Hortscience 35:1288–1291.
  • Milne, D. L., Kok, L. B., Thomas, A. C. and Swarts, D. H. (1977). Inactivation of mango seed weevil, Sternochetus mangiferae, by gamma irradiation. Citrus Subtrop. Fruit J. 518:11–17.
  • Molins, R. A. (2001). Global status of food irradiation in 2000. In: Food Irradiation, Principles and Applications, pp. 443–455. Molins, R. Eds., Wiley-Interscience, John Wiley and Sons Inc, New York.
  • Moreno, M. A., Castell–Perez, E., Gomes, C., Da Silva, P. F., and Moreira, R. G. (2007). Quality of electron beam irradiation of blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) at medium dose levels (1.0–3.2 kGy). LWT. Food Sci. Technol. 40:1123–1113.
  • Moreno, M. A., Castell–Perez, E., Gomes, C., Da Silva, P. F. and Moreira, R. G. (2007). Quality of electron beam irradiation of blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) at medium dose levels (1.0–3.2 kGy). LWT. Food Sci. Technol. 40:1123–1132.
  • Moreno, M., Castell–Perez, E., Gomes, C., Da Silva, P. F. and Moreira, R. G. (2006). Effects of electron beam irradiation on physical, textural, and microstructural properties of “tommy atkins” mangoes (Mangifera indica L.). J. Food Sci. 71:80–86.
  • Mostafavi, H. A., Fathollahi, H., Motamedi, F. and Mirmajlessi, S. M. (2010). Food irradiation: Applications, public acceptance and global trade. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 9(20):2826–2833.
  • Moy, J. H. and Wong, L. (2002). The efficacy and progress in using radiation as a quarantine treatment of tropical fruits- a case study in Hawaii. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 63:397–401.
  • Niemira, B. A. and Deschênes, L. (2004). Ionizing radiation processing of fruits and fruit products. In: Barrett Food Processing, pp. 221–260. Somogyi, D. M. and Ramaswamy, H., Eds., CRC Press, London.
  • Niemira, B. A. and Fan, X. (2005). Low-dose irradiation of fresh and fresh-cut produce: Safety, sensory and shelf life. In: Food Irradiation Research and Technology, pp. 169–181. Sommers, C. and Fan, X. Eds. Blackwell Publishing and the Institute of Food Technologists, Ames, Iowa.
  • Oufedjikh, H., Mahrouz, M., Lacroix, M., Amiot, M. J., Taccin, M. (1998). The influence of gamma irradiation on flavonoids content during storage of irradiated clementine. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 52:107–112.
  • Pasha, I., Saeed, F., Sultan, T., Khan, M. R. and Rohi, M. (2012). Recent developments in minimal processing; a tool to retain nutritional quality of food. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 54:340–351.
  • Patil, B. S., Vanamala, J., Hallman G. (2004). Irradiation and storage influence on bioactive components and quality of early and late season ‘Rio Red’ grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.). Postharvest Biol. Technol. 34:53–64.
  • Pillai, S., Garcia, N. and Maxim, J. (2006). Electron beam inactivation of enteric viruses on cantaloupe surfaces. Use of Irradiation to Ensure the Hygienic Quality of Fresh, Pre-Cut Fruits and Vegetables and Other Minimally Processed Food of Plant Origin. Proceedings of a final research coordination meeting organized by the Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture and held in Islamabad, Pakistan, 22–30 July 2005. December 2006, pp. 281–285.
  • Pimentel, R. M. D. A. and Walder, J. M. M. (2004). Gamma radiation in papaya harvested at three stages of maturation. Sci. Agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.). 61:146–150.
  • Prakash, A., Johnson, N., and Foley, D. (2007). Irradiation D values of Salmonella spp. in diced tomatoes dipped in 1% calcium chloride. Foodborne Pathog. Dis. 4:84–88.
  • Raso, J. and Barbosa–Cánovas, G. V. (2003). Nonthermal preservation of foods using combined processing techniques.. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 43:265–285.
  • Sadecka, J. (2007). Irradiation of spices – a review. Czech. J. Food sci. 25:231–242.
  • Shahbaz, H. M., Ahn, J. J., Akram, K., Kim, H. Y., Park, E. J. and Kwon, J. H. (2014). Chemical and sensory quality of fresh pomegranate fruits exposed to gamma radiation as quarantine treatment. Food Chem. 145:312–318.
  • Shahbaz, H. M., Ahn, J. J., Akram, K. and Kwon, J. H. (2013). Screening methods for the identification of irradiated foods. Current Res. Agri. Life Sci. 31:1–10.
  • Shashidhar, R., Dhokane, V. S., Hajare, S. N., Sharma, A. and Bandekar, J. R. (2007). Effectiveness of radiation processing for elimination of Salmonella typhimurium from minimally processed pineapple (Ananas comosus Merr.). J. Food Sci. 72:M98–M101.
  • Schwartz, B. (1921). Effect of X–rays on trichinae. J. Agric. Res. 20:845–855.
  • Seo, S. T., Kobayashi, R. M., Chambers, D. L., Steiner, L. F., Lee, C. Y. L. and Komura, M. (1974). Mango seed weevil: Cobalt–60 gamma irradiation of packaged mangoes. J. Econ. Entomol. 67:504–505.
  • Singh, S. P. and Pal, R. K. (2009). Ionizing radiation treatment to improve postharvest life and maintain quality of fresh guava fruit. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 78:135–140.
  • Sivakumar, D., Jiang, Y. and Yahia, E. M. (2011). Maintaining mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruit quality during the export chain. Food Res. Int. 44:1254–1263.
  • Stewart, E. M. (2010). Detection of irradiated ingredients. In: Safety analysis of foods of animal origin. Nollet, L. M. L. and Toldr, F. Eds., CRC Press Boca Raton, Florida.
  • Susheela, K., Damayanti, M. and Sharma, G. J. (1997). Irradiation of Ananas comosus: Shelf life improvement, nutritional quality and assessment of genotoxicity. Biomed. Lett. 56:135–144.
  • Thomas, P., Srirangarajan, A. N. and Limaye, S. P. (1975). Studies on sprout inhibition of onions by gamma irradiation—I. Influence of time interval between harvest and irradiation, radiation dose and environmental conditions on sprouting. Radiat. Biol. 15:221–222.
  • Torres–Rivera, Z. and Hallman, G. J. (2007). Low–dose irradiation phytosanitary treatment against mediterranean fruit fly (diptera: tephritidae). Fla. Entomol. 90:343–346.
  • Uthairatanakij, A. Jitareerat, P. and Kanlayanarat, S. (2006). Effects of irradiation on quality attributes of two cultivars of mango. Acta Hort. 712:885–891.
  • Vachon, C., D'Aprano, G., Lacrois, M. and Letendre, M. (2003). Effect of edible coating process and irradiation treatment of strawberry Fragaria spp. on storage keeping quality. J. Food Sci. 68:608–612.
  • Van der Linde, H. J. and Brodrick, H. T. (1985). Commercial experience in introducing radurized foods to the South African market. pp. 137–148. Proceeding for a Symposium. IAEA-SM-271/42. Washington, DC.
  • Vanamala, J., Cobb, G., Loaiza, J., Yoo, K., Pike, L. M. and Patil, B. S. (2007). Ionizing radiation and marketing simulation on bioactive compounds and quality of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi c.v. Rio Red). Food Chem. 105:1404–1411.
  • Wall, M. M. and Khan, S. A. (2008). Postharvest quality of dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp.) after x-ray irradiation quarantine treatment. Hortscience, 43:2115–2119.
  • Wang, J. and Chao, Y. (2003). Effect of 60Co irradiation on drying characteristics of apple. J. Food Eng. 56:347–351.
  • Wani, A. M., Hussain, P. R., Meena, R. S. and Dar, M. A. (2008). Effect of gamma–irradiation and refrigerated storage on the improvement of quality and shelf life of pear (Pyrus communis L., Cv. Bartlett/William). Radiat. Phys. Chem. 77:983–989.
  • WHO. (1999). High dose irradiation: wholesomeness of food irradiated with dose above 10 kGy. Technical Report Series 890, Geneva.
  • Wood, O. B. and Bruhn, C. M. (2000). Position of the American dietetic association: Food irradiation. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 100:246–253.
  • Wu, S. H., Ho, C. T., Nah, S. L. and Chau, C. F. (2012). Global hunger: A challenge to agricultural, food and nutritional sciences. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 54:151–162.
  • Yoo, S. R., Min, S., Prakash, A. and Min, D. B. (2003). Off-odor study with γ-irradiated orange juice using sensory and volatile compound analyses. J. Food Sci. 68:1259–1264.
  • Yu, L., Reitmeir, C. A. and Love, M. H. (1996). Strawberry texture and pectin content as affected by electron beam irradiation. J. Food Sci. 61:844–850.
  • Zachmann, K. (2011). Atoms for peace and radiation for safety – how to build trust in irradiated foods in Cold War Europe and beyond. Hist. Technol. 27:65–90.
  • Zaman, W., Paul, D., Alam, K., Ibrahim, M. and Hassan, P. (2007). Shelf life extension of banana (Musa sapientum) by gamma radiation. J. Bio. Sci. 15:47–53.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.