2,482
Views
95
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Dietary bioactive peptides: Human studies

&

References

  • Agyei, D. and Danquah, M. K. (2012). Rethinking food-derived bioactive peptides for antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 23:62–69.
  • Aihara, K., Ishii, H. and Yoshida, M. (2009). Casein-derived tripeptide, Val-Pro-Pro (VPP), modulates monocyte adhesion to vascular endothelium. J. Atheroscler. Thromb. 16:594–603.
  • Aît-Oukhatar, N., Pérès, J. M., Bouhallab, S., Neuville, D., Bureau, F., Bouvard, G., Arhan, P. and Bouglé, D. (2002). Bioavailability of caseinophosphopeptide bound iron. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 140:290–294.
  • Asakura, K., Kojima, T., Shirasaki, H. and Kataura, A. (1990). Evaluation of the effects of antigen specific immunotherapy on chronic sinusitis in children with allergy. Auris Nasus Larynx 17:33–8.
  • Ballard, K.D., Kupchak, B.R., Volk, B.M., Mah, E., Shkreta, A., Liptak, C., Ptolemy, A.S., Kellogg, M.S., Bruno, R.S., Seip, R.L., Maresh, C.M., Kraemer, W.J. and Volek, J.S. (2012). Acute effects of ingestion of a novel whey-derived extract on vascular endothelial function in overweight, middle-aged men and women. Br. J. Nutr. 13:1–12.
  • Bernet, F., Montel, V., Noel, B. and Dupouy, J. P. (2000). Diazepam-like effects of a fish protein hydrolysate (Gabolysat PC60) on stress responsiveness of the rat pituitary-adrenal system and sympathoadrenal activity. Psychopharmacology 149:34–40.
  • Booij, L., Merens, W., Markus, C. R. and Van der Does, A. J. (2006). Diet rich in α-lactalbumin improves memory in unmedicated recovered depressed patients and matched controls. J. Psychopharmacol. 20:526–535.
  • Boutrou, R. Jardin, J. Blais, A. Tomé, D. and Léonil, J. (2008). Glycosylations of kappa-casein-derived caseinomacropeptide reduce its accessibility to endo- but not exointestinal brush border membrane peptidases. J. Agric. Food Chem. 56:8166–8173.
  • Bouzerzour, K., Morgan, F., Cuinet, I., Bonhomme, C., Jardin, J., Le Huërou-Luron, I. and Dupont, D. (2012). In vivo digestion of infant formula in piglets: protein digestion kinetics and release of bioactive peptides. Br. J. Nutr. 108:2105–2114.
  • Brinkworth, G. D. and Buckley, J. D. (2003). Concentrated bovine colostrum protein supplementation reduces the incidence of self-reported symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection in adult males. Eur. J. Nutr. 42:228–232.
  • Burton-Freeman, B. M. (2008). Glycomacropeptide (GMP) is not critical to whey-induced satiety, but may have a unique role in energy intake regulation through cholecystokinin (CCK). Physiol. Behav. 93:379–387.
  • Cadee, J. A., Chang, C. Y., Chen, C. W., Huang, C. N., Chen, S. L. and Wang, C. K. (2007). Bovine casein hydrolysate (C12 Peptide) reduces blood pressure in prehypertensive subjects. Am. J. Hypertens. 20:1–5.
  • Calbet, J. A. and Holst, J. J. (2004). Gastric emptying, gastric secretion and enterogastrone response after administration of milk proteins or their peptide hydrolysates in humans. Eur. J. Nutr. 43:127–139.
  • Chabance, B., Jollès, P., Izquierdo, C., Mazoyer, E., Francoual, C., Drouet, L. and Fiat, A. M. (1995). Characterization of an antithrombotic peptide from kappa-casein in newborn plasma after milk ingestion. Br. J. Nutr. 73:583–590.
  • Chabance, B., Marteau, P., Rambaud, J. C., Migliore-Samour, C., Boynard, M., Perrotin, P., Guillet, R., Jollès, P. and Fiat, A. M. (1998). Casein peptide release to the blood in humans during digestion of milk or yogurt. Biochimie 80:155–165.
  • Chatterton, D. E. W., Smithers, G., Roupas, P. and Brodkorb, A. (2006). Bioactivity of beta-lactoglobulin and alpha-lactalbumin-Technological implications for processing. Int. Dairy J. 16:1229–1240.
  • Cicero, A. F., Gerocarni, B., Laghi, L. and Borghi, C. (2010). Blood pressure lowering effect of lactotripeptides assumed as functional foods: a meta-analysis of current available clinical trials. J. Hum. Hypertens. 25:425–36.
  • DATEX Working Group on β-casomorphins. SCIENTIFIC REPORT OF EFSA: Review of the potential health impact of β-casomorphins and related peptides. (2009). EFSA Scientific Report. EFSA J. 231:1–10.
  • Davison, G. and Diment, B. C. (2010). Bovine colostrum supplementation attenuates the decrease of salivary lysozyme and enhances the recovery of neutrophil function after prolonged exercise. Br. J. Nutr. 103:1425–1432.
  • de Medina, F. S., Daddaoua, A., Requena, P., Capitán-Cañadas, F., Zarzuelo, A., Dolores,  , Suárez, M. and Martínez-Augustin, O. (2010). New insights into the immunological effects of food bioactive peptides in animal models of intestinal inflammation. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 69:454–462.
  • Dia, V. P., Wang, W., Oh, V. L., de Lumen, B. O. and Gonzalez de Mejia, E. (2009a). Isolation, purification and characterization of lunasin from defatted soybean flour and in vitro evaluation of its anti-inflammatory activity. Food Chem. 114:108–115.
  • Dia, V. P. Torres, S., de Lumen, B. O., Erdman Jr, J. W. and Gonzalez de Mejia, E. (2009b). Presence of lunasin in plasma of men after soy protein consumption. J. Agric. Food Chem. 57:1260–1266.
  • Di Bernardini, R., Mullen, A. M., Bolton, D., Kerry, J., O'Neill, E. and Hayes M. (2012). Assessment of the angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE-I) inhibitory and antioxidant activities of hydrolysates of bovine brisket sarcoplasmic proteins produced by papain and characterisation of associated bioactive peptidic fractions. Meat Sci. 90:226–235.
  • Earnest, C. P., Jordan, A. N., Safir, M., Weaver, E. and Church, T. S. (2005). Cholesterol-lowering effects of bovine serum immunoglobulin in participants with mild hypercholesterolemia. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 81:792–798.
  • Ebringer, L., Ferencik, M. and Krajcovic, J. (2008). Beneficial health effects of milk and fermented dairy products – Review. Folia Microbiol. 53:378–394.
  • EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA). (2012). Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to isoleucine-proline-proline (IPP) and valine-proline-proline (VPP) and maintenance of normal blood. EFSA J. 10:2715.
  • Fell, J. M. (2005). Control of systemic and local inflammation with transforming growth factor beta containing formulas. J. Parenter. Enteral. Nutr. 29: S126–S128.
  • Foltz, M., Meynen, E. E., Bianco, V., van Platerink, C., Koning, T. M. and Kloek, J. (2007). Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory peptides from a lactotripeptide-enriched milk beverage are absorbed intact into the circulation. J. Nutr. 137:953–958.
  • Foltz, M. van der Pijl, P. C. and Duchateau, G. S. M. J. E. (2010). Current in vitro testing of bioactive peptides is not valuable. J. Nutr. 140:117–118.
  • Froetschel, M. A., Azain, M. J., Edwards, G. L., Barb, C. R. and Amos, H. E. (2001). Opioid and cholecystokinin antagonists alleviate gastric inhibition of food intake by premeal loads of casein in meal-fed rats. J. Nutr. 131:3270–3276.
  • Fujita, H., Yamagami, T and Ohshima K. (2001). Effects of an ace-inhibitory agent, katsuobushi oligopeptide, in the spontaneously hypertensive rat and in borderline and mildly hypertensive subjects. Nutr. Res. 21:1149.
  • Gurunathan, D., Somasundaram, S. and Kumar, S. (2012). Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate: a remineralizing agent of enamel. Aust. dental J. 57:404–408.
  • Gustafsson, L., Leijonhufvud, I., Aronsson, A., Mossberg, A. K. and Svanborg, C. (2004). Treatment of skin papillomas with topical alpha-lactalbumin-oleic acid. N. Engl. J. Med. 350:2663–2672.
  • Hansen, M., Sandström, B., Jensen, M. and Sørensen, S. S. (1997). Casein phosphopeptides improve zinc and calcium absorption from rice-based but not from whole-grain infant cereal. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 24:56–62.
  • Harnedy, P. A. and FitzGerald, R. J. (2012). Bioactive peptides from marine processing waste and shellfish: A review. J. Funct. Foods 4:6–24.
  • Heaney, R.P., Saito, Y., Orimo, H. (1994). Effect of caseinphosphopeptide on absorbability of co-ingested calcium in normal postmenopausal women. J. Bone Miner. Metab. 12:77–81
  • Hernández-Ledesma, B., Hsieh, C.-C. and de Lumen, B. O. (2009). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of cancer preventive peptide lunasin inRAW264.7 macrophages. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 390:803–808.
  • Hori, G., Wang, M.-F., Chan, Y.-C., Komatsu, T., Wong, Y., Chen, T.-H., Yamamoto, K., Nagaoka, S. and Yamamoto, S. (2001). Soy protein hydrolyzate with bound phospholipids reduces serum cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic adult male volunteers. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 65:72–78.
  • Horiguchi, N., Horiguchi, H. and Suzuki, Y. (2005). Effect of wheat gluten hydrolysate on the immune system in healthy human subjects. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 69:2445–2449.
  • Hurrell, R. F., Lynch, S. R., Trinidad, P. T., Dassenko, S. A. and Cook, J. D. (1989). Iron absorption in humans as influenced by bovine milk proteins. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 49:546–552.
  • Iwai, K., Hasegawa, T., Taguchi, Y., Morimatsu, F., Sato, K., Nakamura, Y., Higashi, A., Kido, Y., Nakabo, Y. and Ohtsuki, K. (2005). Identification of food-derived collagen peptides in human blood after oral ingestion of gelatin hydrolysates. J. Agric. Food Chem. 53:6531–6536.
  • Jakala, P. Hakala, A. and Turpeinen, A. M. (2009). Casein-derived bioactive tripeptides Ile-Pro-Pro and Val-Pro-Pro attenuate the development of hypertension and improve endothelial function in salt-loaded Goto-Kakizaki rats. J. Funct. Foods 1:366–374.
  • Jakubowicz, D. and Froy, O. (2013). Biochemical and metabolic mechanisms by which dietary whey protein may combat obesity and Type 2 diabetes. J. Nutr. Biochem. 24:1–5.
  • Kawasaki, T., Seki, E., Osajima, K., Yoshida, M., Asada, K., Matsui, T. and Osajima, Y. (2000). Antihypertensive effect of valyl-tyrosine, a short chain peptide derived from sardine muscle hydrolyzate, on mild hypertensive subjects. J. Hum. Hypertens. 14:519–523.
  • Keogh, J. B., Woonton, B. W., Taylor, C. M., Janakievski, F., Desilva, K. and Clifton, P. M. (2010). Effect of glycomacropeptide fractions on cholecystokinin and food intake. Br. J. Nutr. 104:286–290.
  • Kim, J. H., Desor, D., Kim, Y. T., Yoon, W. J., Kim, K. S., Jun, J. S., Pyun, K. H. and Shim, I. (2007). Efficacy of alpha(s1)-casein hydrolysate on stress-related symptoms in women. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 61:536–541.
  • Kim, J. H., Jung, W. S., Choi, N. J., Kim, D. O., Shin, D. H. and Kim, Y. J. (2009). Health-promoting effects of bovine colostrum in Type 2 diabetic patients can reduce blood glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride and ketones. J. Nutr. Biochem. 20:298–303.
  • Kim, S. K., Vo, T. S. and Ngo, D. H. (2011). Potential application of marine algae as antiviral agents in medicinal foods. Adv. Food Nutr. Res. 64:245–54.
  • Kim, M. J., Yang, H. J., Kim, J. H., Ahn, C. W., Lee, J. H., Kim, K. S. and Kwon, D. Y. (2013). Obesity-related metabolomic analysis of human subjects in black soybean peptide intervention study by ultraperformance liquid chromatography and quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J. Obesity ID 874981.
  • King, J. C. Jr., Cummings, G. E., Guo, N., Trivedi, L., Readmond, B. X., Keane, V., Feigelman, S. and de Waard, R. (2007). A double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot study of bovine lactoferrin supplementation in bottle-fed infants. J. Pediatr. Gastroenter. Nutr. 44, 245–251.
  • Kohno, M., Hirotsuka, M., Kito, M. and Matsuzawa, Y. (2006). Decreases in serum triacylglycerol and visceral fat mediated by dietary soybean beta-conglycinin. J. Atheroscler. Thromb. 13:247–55.
  • Korhonen, H. and Pihlanto, A. (2006). Review. Bioactive peptides: Production and functionality. Int. Dairy J. 16:945–960.
  • Kreider, R. B., Iosia, M., Cooke, M, Hudson, G., Rasmussen, C., Chen, H., Mollstedt, O. and Tsai, M. H. (2011). Bioactive properties and clinical safety of a novel milk protein peptide. Nutr. J. 10:99.
  • Lee, Y. M., Skurk, T., Hennig, M. and Hauner, H. (2007). Effect of a milk drink supplemented with whey peptides on blood pressure in patients with mild hypertension. Eur. J. Nutr. 46:21–27.
  • Li, H., Prairie, N., Udenigwe, C. C., Adebiyi, A. P., Tappia, P. S., Aukema, H. M., Jones, P. J. and Aluko, R. E. (2011). Blood pressure lowering effect of a pea protein hydrolysate in hypertensive rats and humans. J. Agric. Food Chem. 59:9854–9860.
  • Manzoni, P., Rinaldi, M., Cattani, S., Pugni, L., Romeo, M. G., Messner, H., Stolfi, I., Decembrino, L., Laforgia, N., Vagnarelli, F., Memo, L., Bordignon, L., Saia, O. S., Maule, M., Gallo, E., Mostert, M., Magnani, C., Quercia, M., Bollani, L., Pedicino, R., Renzullo, L., Betta, P., Mosca, F., Ferrari, F., Magaldi, R., Stronati, M. and Farina, D. (2009). Bovine lactoferrin supplementation for prevention of late-onset sepsis in very low-birth-weight neonates: a randomized trial. JAMA 302:1421–1428.
  • Manzoni, P., Stolfi, I., Messner, H., Cattani, S., Laforgia, N., Romeo, M. G., Bollani, L., Rinaldi, M., Gallo, E., Quercia, M., Maule, M., Mostert, M., Decembrino, L., Magaldi, R., Mosca, F., Vagnarelli, F., Memo, L., Betta, P. M., Stronati, M. and Farina, D. (2012). Bovine lactoferrin prevents invasive fungal infections in very low birth weight infants: a randomized controlled trial. Pediatrics 129:116–123.
  • Mayer, A. M. S., Glaser, K. B., Cuevas, C., Jacobs, R. S., Kem, W., Little, R. D., McIntosh, J. M., Newman, D. J., Potts, B. C. and Shuster, D. E. (2010). The odyssey of marine pharmaceuticals: a current pipeline perspective. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 31:255–265.
  • Meisel, H. (2005). Biochemical properties of peptides encrypted in bovine milk proteins. Curr. Med. Chem. 12:1905–19.
  • Mine, Y. (2007). Egg proteins and peptides in human health-Chemistry, bioactivity and production. Curr. Pharm. Des. 13:875–884.
  • Möller, N. P., Sholtz-Ahrens, K. E., Roos, N. and Schrezenmeir, J. (2008). Bioactive peptides and proteins from foods: indication for health effects. Eur. J. Nutr. 47:171–182.
  • Mortensen, L. S., Holmer-Jensen, J., Hartvigsen, M. L., Jensen, V. K., Astrup, A., de Vrese, M., Holst, J. J., Thomsen, C. and Hermansen, K. (2012). Effects of different fractions of whey protein on postprandial lipid and hormone responses in type 2 diabetes. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 66:799–805.
  • Mulder, A. M., Connellan, P. A., Oliver, C. J., Morris, C. A. and Stevenson, L. M. (2008). Bovine lactoferrin supplementation supports immune and antioxidant status in healthy human males. Nutr. Res. 28:583–589.
  • Ochoa, T. J., Chea-Woo, E., Campos, M., Pecho, I., Prada, A., McMahon, R. J. and Cleary, T. G. (2008). Impact of lactoferrin supplementation on growth and prevalence of Giardia colonization in children. Clin. Infect. Dis. 46:1881–1883.
  • Ono, T., Murakoshi, M., Suzuki, N., Iida, N., Ohdera, M., Iigo, M., Yoshida, T., Sugiyama, K. and Nishino, H. (2010). Potent anti-obesity effect of enteric-coated lactoferrin: decrease in visceral fat accumulation in Japanese men and women with abdominal obesity after 8-week administration of enteric-coated lactoferrin tablets. Br. J. Nutr. 104:1688–1695.
  • Pase, M. P., Grima, N. A. and Sarris, J. (2011). The effects of dietary and nutrient interventions on arterial stiffness: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr. 93:446–454.
  • Pérès, J. M., Bouhallab, S., Bureau, F., Neuville, D., Maubois, J. L., Arhan, P. and Bouglé, D. (1999). Mechanisms of absorption of caseinophosphopeptide bound iron. J. Nutr. Biochem. 10:215–222.
  • Phelan, M., Aherne-Bruce, S. A., O'sullivan, D., FitzGerald, R. J. and O'Brien, N. M. (2009). Potential bioactive effects of casein hydrolysates on human cultured cells. Int. Dairy J. 19:279–285.
  • Rao, Q., Rocca-Smith, J. R., Schoenfuss, T. C. and Labuza, T. P. (2012). Accelerated shelf-life testing of quality loss for a commercial hydrolysed hen egg white powder. Food Chem. 135:464–472.
  • Ricci-Cabello, I., Olalla Herrera, M. and Artacho, R. (2012). Possible role of milk-derived bioactive peptides in the treatment and prevention of metabolic syndrome. Nutr. Rev. 70:241–255.
  • Rubio, I. G., Castro, G., Zanini, A. C. and Medeiros-Neto, G. (2008). Oral ingestion of a hydrolyzed gelatin meal in subjects with normal weight and in obese patients: Postprandial effect on circulating gut peptides, glucose and insulin. Eat. Weight Disord. 13:48–53.
  • Saiga-Egusa, A., Iwai, K., Hayakawa, T., Takahata, Y. and Morimatsu, F. (2009). Antihypertensive effects and endothelial progenitor cell activation by intake of chicken collagen hydrolysate in pre and mild-hypertension. BioSci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 73:422–424.
  • Satake, M., Enjoh, M., Nakamura, Y., Takano, T., Kawamura, Y., Arai, S. and Shimizu, M. (2002). Transepithelial transport of the bioactive tripeptide, Val-Pro-Pro, in human intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 66:378–384
  • Schaafsma, G. (2009). Safety of protein hydrolysates, fractions thereof and bioactive peptides in human nutrition. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 63:1161–1168.
  • Seiquer, I., Diaz-Alguacil, J., Delgado-Andrade, C., Lopez-Frias, M., Munoz Hoyos, A., Galdo, G. and Navarro, M. P. (2006). Diets rich in Maillard reaction products affect protein digestibility in adolescent males aged 11–14 y. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 83:1082–1088.
  • Suarez-Jimenez, G. M., Burgos-Hernandez, A. and Ezquerra-Brauer, J. M. (2012). Bioactive peptides and depsipeptides with anticancer potential: sources from marine animals. Mar. Drugs 10:963–986.
  • Szymlek-Gay, E. A., Lönnerdal, B., Abrams, S. A., Kvistgaard, A. S., Domellöf, M. and Hernell, O. (2012). α-Lactalbumin and Casein-Glycomacropeptide do not affect iron absorption from formula in healthy term infants. J. Nutr. 142:1226–1231.
  • Terashima, M., Oe, M., Ogura, K. and Matsumura, S. (2011). Inhibition strength of short peptides derived from an ACE inhibitory peptide. J. Agric. Food Chem. 59:11234–11237.
  • Teschemacher, H. (2003). Opioid receptor ligands derived from food proteins. Cur. Pharm. Des. 9:1331–1344
  • Tidona, F., Criscione, A., Guastella, A. M., Zuccaro, A., Bordonaro, S. and Marletta, D. (2009). Bioactive peptides in dairy products - Review article. Ital. J. Anim. Sci. 8:315–340.
  • Troost, F. J., Saris, W. H. and Brummer, R. J. (2003). Recombinant human lactoferrin ingestion attenuates indomethacin-induced enteropathy in vivo in healthy volunteers. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 57:1579–1585.
  • Trumpler, U., Straub, P. W., Rosenmund, A. (1989). Antibacterial prophylaxis with lactoferrin in neutropenic patients. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 8:310–313.
  • Udenigwe, C. C. and Aluko, R. E. (2012). Food protein-derived bioactive peptides: production, processing, and potential health benefits. J. Food Sci. 77: R11–R24.
  • Uenishi, K., Ishida, H., Toba, Y., Aoe, S., Itabashi, A., and Takada, Y. (2007). Milk basic protein increases bone mineral density and improves bone metabolism in healthy young women. Osteoporos. Int. 18:385–390.
  • Usinger, L., Reimer, C. and Ibsen, H. (2012). Fermented milk for hypertension. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 4: CD008118.
  • Veldhorst, M. A., Nieuwenhuizen, A. G., Hochstenbach-Waelen, A., Westerterp, K. R., Engelen, M. P., Brummer, R. J., Deutz, N. E. and Westerterp-Plantenga, M. S. (2009). Effects of complete whey-protein breakfasts versus whey without GMP-breakfasts on energy intake and satiety. Appetite 52:388–395.
  • Vermeirssen, V., Van Camp, J. and Verstraete, W. (2004). Bioavailability of angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitory peptides. Br. J. Nutr. 92:357–366.
  • Wasilewska, J., Kaczmarski, M., Kostyra, E. and Iwan, M. (2011). Cow's-milk–induced infant apnoea with increased serum content of bovine [beta]-Casomorphin-5. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 52:772–775.
  • Yamauchi, R., Usui, H., Yunden, J., Takenaka, Y., Tani, F. and Yoshikawa, M. (2003). Characterization of beta-lactotensin, a bioactive peptide derived from bovine beta-lactoglobulin, as a neurotensin agonist. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 67:940–943.
  • Yimit, D., Hoxur, P., Amat, N., Uchikawa, K. and Yamaguchi, N. (2012). Effects of soybean peptide on immune function, brain function, and neurochemistry in healthy volunteers. Nutr. 28:154–159.
  • Yvon, M., Beucher, S., Guilloteau, P., Le Huerou-Luron, I. and Corring, T. (1994). Effects of caseinomacropeptide (CMP) on digestion regulation. Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 34:527–537.
  • Zenk, J. L., Helmer, T. R. and Kuskowski, M. A. (2002). The effects of milk protein concentrate on the symptoms of osteoarthritis in adults: an exploratory, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Curr. Ther. Res. Clin. Exp. 63:431–443.
  • Zhu, C.-F., Li, G.-Z., Peng, H.-B., Zhang, F., Chen, Y. and Li, Y. (2010). Effect of marine collagen peptides on markers of metabolic nuclear receptors in type 2 diabetic patients with/without hypertension. Biomed. Environ. Sci. 23:113–120.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.