6,870
Views
90
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Weighing the Evidence of Common Beliefs in Obesity Research

, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , & show all

REFERENCES

  • Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. (2012a). Adult weight management evidence based nutrition practice guidelines executive summary of recommendations. Available from http://www.adaevidencelibrary.com/topic.cfm?cat=3014&auth=1.
  • Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. (2012b). A lickety split breakfast. Eatright.org. 5-10-2012.
  • Ajslev, T. A., Angquist, L., Silventoinen, K., Gamborg, M., Allison, D. B., Baker, J. L. and Sorensen, T. I. (2012). Assortative marriages by body mass index have increased simultaneously with the obesity epidemic. Front Genet. 3:125.
  • Akers, J. D., Cornett, R. A., Savla, J. S., Davy, K. P. and Davy, B.M. (2012). Daily self-monitoring of body weight, step count, fruit/vegetable intake, and water consumption: A feasible and effective long-term weight loss maintenance approach. J. Acad. Nutr. Diet. 112:685–692.
  • Allison, D. B. and Heshka, S. (1993). Toward an empirically derived typology of obese persons: Derivation in a nonclinical sample. Int. J. Eat. Disord. 13:93–108.
  • Almas, A., Islam, M. and Jafar, T. H. (2013). School-based physical activity programme in preadolescent girls (9–11 years): A feasibility trial in Karachi, Pakistan. Arch. Dis. Child 98:515–519.
  • Alwitt, L. F. and Donley, T. D. (1997). Retail stores in poor Urban neighborhoods. J. Consumer. Affairs 31:139–164.
  • American Academy of Pediatrcis Task Force on Children and Television. (1984). Children, adolescents and television. News and Comment. 35:8.
  • American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Communications. (1990). Children, adolescents, and television. Pediatrics. 85:1119–1120.
  • American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Public Education. (2001). Children, adolescents and television. Pediatrics. 107:423–426.
  • American Academy of Pediatrics Council on Communications and Media. (2011). Children, adolescents, obesity and the media. Pediatrics 128:201–208.
  • American Dietetic Association (ADA). (2012). Setting Realistic Weight Loss Goals. Available from http://www.diabetes.org/food-and-fitness/fitness/weight-loss/setting-realistic-weight-loss.html. 5-9-0012.
  • American Heart Association. (2013). 5 Goals to Losing Weight. Taylor & Francis.
  • Ames, G. E., Perri, M. G., Fox, L. D., Fallon, E. A., De, B. N., Murawski, M. E., Pafumi, L. and Hausenblas, H. A. (2005). Changing weight-loss expectations: A randomized pilot study. Eat. Behav. 6:259–269.
  • Anderson, S. E., Economos, C. D. and Must, A. (2008). Active play and screen time in US children aged 4 to 11 years in relation to sociodemographic and weight status characteristics: A nationally representative cross-sectional analysis. BMC. Public Health 8:366–367.
  • Anderson, D. A., Shapiro, J. R. and Lundgren, J. D. (2003). The freshman year of college as a critical period for weight gain: An initial evaluation. Eat. Behav. 4:363.
  • Anderson, S. E. and Whitaker, R. C. (2010). Household routines and obesity in US preschool-aged children. Pediatrics 125:420–428.
  • Andrade, F. C., Vazquez-Vidal, I., Flood, T., Aradillas-Garcia, C., Vargas-Morales, J. M., Medina-Cerda, E., Teran-Garcia, M. (2012). One-year follow-up changes in weight are associated with changes in blood pressure in young Mexican adults. Public Health 126:535–540.
  • Anson, R. M., Jones, B. and de, C. R. (2005). The diet restriction paradigm: A brief review of the effects of every-other-day feeding. Age (Dordr.) 27:17–25.
  • An, R. and Sturm, R. (2012). School and residential neighborhood food environment and diet among California youth. Am. J. Prev. Med. 42:129–135.
  • Araujo, C. L., Victora, C. G., Hallal, P. C. and Gigante, D. P. (2006). Breastfeeding and overweight in childhood: Evidence from the Pelotas 1993 birth cohort study. Int. J. Obes. (Lond) 30:500–506.
  • Arenz, S., Ruckerl, R., Koletzko, B. and von, K. R. (2004). Breast-feeding and childhood obesity–a systematic review. Int. J. Obes. Relat Metab Disord. 28:1247–1256.
  • Associated Press. (2013). Fast-food zoning limits and more walkable neighborhoods keys to fight obesity. New York Daily News. May 8, 2012.
  • Astbury, N. M., Taylor, M. A. and Macdonald, I. A. (2011). Breakfast consumption affects appetite, energy intake, and the metabolic and endocrine responses to foods consumed later in the day in male habitual breakfast eaters. J. Nutr. 141:1381–1389.
  • Astrup, A. and Rossner, S. (2000). Lessons from obesity management programmes: Greater initial weight loss improves long-term maintenance. Obes. Rev. 1:17–19.
  • Aytur, S. A., Rodriguez, D. A., Evenson, K. R., Catellier, D. J. and Rosamond, W. D. (2008). The sociodemographics of land use planning: Relationships to physical activity, accessibility, and equity. Health Place. 14:367–385.
  • Bastian, L. A., West, N. A., Corcoran, C. and Munger, R. G. (2005). Number of children and the risk of obesity in older women. Prev. Med. 40:99–104.
  • Bayne-Smith, M., Fardy, P. S., Azzollini, A., Magel, J., Schmitz, K. H. and Agin, D. (2004). Improvements in heart health behaviors and reduction in coronary artery disease risk factors in urban teenaged girls through a school-based intervention: The PATH program. Amer. J. Public Health 94:1538–1543.
  • Beaulac, J., Kristjansson, E. and Cummins, S. (2009). A systematic review of food deserts, 1966–2007. Prev. Chronic. Dis. 6:A105.
  • Bellissimo, N., Pencharz, P. B., Thomas, S. G. and Anderson, G. H. (2007). Effect of television viewing at mealtime on food intake after a glucose preload in boys. Pediatr. Res. 61:745–749.
  • Bellows, L. L., Davies, P. L., Anderson, J. and Kennedy, C. (2013). Effectiveness of a physical activity intervention for Head Start preschoolers: A randomized intervention study. Am. J. Occup. Ther. 67:28–36.
  • Benton, D. (2013). Portion Size: What we know and what we need to know. Cri. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. Sep 20. [Epub ahead of print].
  • Berteus, F. H., Lindroos, A. K., Sjostrom, L. and Lissner, L. (2002). Meal patterns and obesity in Swedish women-a simple instrument describing usual meal types, frequency and temporal distribution. Eur. J Clin. Nutr. 56:740–747.
  • Berkhan, M. (2011). Is Late Night Eating Better for Fat Loss and Health? Leangains. www.leangains.com/2011/06/is-late-night-eating-better-for-fat.html.
  • Bes-Rastrollo, M., Sanchez-Villegas, A., Basterra-Gortari, F. J., Nunez-Cordoba, J. M., Toledo, E. and Serrano-Martinez, M. (2010). Prospective study of self-reported usual snacking and weight gain in a Mediterranean cohort: The SUN project. Clin. Nutr. 29:323–330.
  • Beyerlein, A., Toschke, A. M. and von, K. R. (2008). Breastfeeding and childhood obesity: Shift of the entire BMI distribution or only the upper parts? Obesity. (Silver. Spring) 16:2730–2733.
  • Bjorntorp, P. (2001). Do stress reactions cause abdominal obesity and comorbidities? Obes. Rev. 2:73–86.
  • Bjorvell, H. and Rossner, S. (1992). A ten-year follow-up of weight change in severely obese subjects treated in a combined behavioural modification programme. Int J. Obes. Relat Metab Disord. 16:623–625.
  • Bliddal, H., Leeds, A. R., Stigsgaard, L., Astrup, A. and Christensen, R. (2011). Weight loss as treatment for knee osteoarthritis symptoms in obese patients: 1-year results from a randomised controlled trial. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 70:1798–1803.
  • Bonafini, B. A. and Pozzilli, P. (2011). Body weight and beauty: The changing face of the ideal female body weight. Obes. Rev. 12:62–65.
  • Boone, J. E., Gordon-Larsen, P., Adair, L. S. and Popkin, B. M. (2007). Screen time and physical activity during adolescence: Longitudinal effects on obesity in young adulthood. Int. J Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. 4:26.
  • Boone-Heinonen, J., Gordon-Larsen, P., Kiefe, C. I., Shikany, J. M., Lewis, C. E. and Popkin, B. M. (2011). Fast food restaurants and food stores: Longitudinal associations with diet in young to middle-aged adults: The CARDIA study. Arch. Intern. Med. 171:1162.
  • Bornstein, R. F. and D’Agostino, P. R. (1992). Stimulus recognition and the mere exposure effect. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 63:545.
  • Brandstetter, S., Klenk, J., Berg, S., Galm, C., Fritz, M., Peter, R., Prokopchuk, D., Steiner, R. P., Wartha, O., Steinacker, J. and Wabitsch, M. (2012). Overweight prevention implemented by primary school teachers: A randomised controlled trial. Obes. Facts. 5:1.
  • Bray, M. S. and Young, M. E. (2012). Chronobiological Effects on Obesity. Curr. Obes. Rep. 1:9.
  • Brevard, P. B. and Ricketts, C. D. (1996). Residence of college students affects dietary intake, physical activity, and serum lipid levels. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 96:35.
  • Brown, A. W., Bohan Brown, M. M. and Allison, D. B. (2013). Belief beyond the evidence: Using the proposed effect of breakfast on obesity to show 2 practices that distort scientific evidence. Am. J Clin. Nutr. 98:1298.
  • Brown, A. W., Bohan Brown, M. M. and Allison, D. B. (2014). Reply to RA mekary and E giovannucci. Am. J Clin. Nutr. 99:213.
  • Brownell, K. D., Hager, D. L. and Leermakers, E. (2004). The Weight Loss Readiness Test II, Taylor & Francis, Dallas.
  • Brown, P., Sutterby, J. A., and Thorton, C. D. (2010). Combating childhood obesity with physical play opportunities. PTO Today.
  • Buijsse, B., Feskens, E. J., Schulze, M. B., Forouhi, N. G., Wareham, N. J., Sharp, S., Palli, D., Tognon, G., Halkjaer, J., Tjonneland, A., Jakobsen, M. U., Overvad, K., van der, A. D., Du, H., Sorensen, T. I. and Boeing, H. (2009). Fruit and vegetable intakes and subsequent changes in body weight in European populations: Results from the project on Diet, Obesity, and Genes (DiOGenes). Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 90:202.
  • Burdette, H. L. and Whitaker, R. C. (2007). Differences by race and ethnicity in the relationship between breastfeeding and obesity in preschool children. Ethn. Dis. 17:467.
  • Butryn, M. L., Phelan, S., Hill, J. O. and Wing, R. R. (2007). Consistent self-monitoring of weight: A key component of successful weight loss maintenance. Obesity (Silver. Spring) 15:3091.
  • California, W. I. C. (2012). Breastfeeding is the first defense against Obesity. Available from http://www.calwic.org/storage/documents/wellness/bf_paper1.pdf.
  • Campos, P., Saguy, A., Ernsberger, P., Oliver, E. and Gaesser, G. (2006). The epidemiology of overweight and obesity: Public health crisis or moral panic? Int. J. Epidemiol. 35:55.
  • Carels, R. A., Young, K. M., Coit, C., Clayton, A. M., Spencer, A. and Wagner, M. (2008). Skipping meals and alcohol consumption. The regulation of energy intake and expenditure among weight loss participants. Appetite 51:538.
  • Carson, V. and Janssen, I. (2012). The mediating effects of dietary habits on the relationship between television viewing and body mass index among youth. Pediatr. Obes. 7:391.
  • Casazza, K. and Allison, D. B. (2012). Stagnation in the clinical, community and public health domain of obesity: The need for probative research. Clinical Obesity 2:83.
  • Casazza, K., Fernandez, J. R. and Allsion, D. B. (2012). Modest protective effects of breast-feeding on obesity: Is the evidence truly supportive? Nutrition Today 47(1):33–38.
  • Cawley, J., Frisvold, D. and Meyerhoefer, C. (2013). The impact of physical education on obesity among elementary school children. J. Health Econ. 32:743.
  • Centers for Disease Control. (2012). Getting started. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/losing_weight/getting_started.html. 5-9-0012.
  • Cnters for Disease Control and Prevention. (1997). Guidelines for school and community programs to promote lifelong physical activity among young people. National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. J. Sch. Health 67:202.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2011 Survey Data and Documentation. CDC. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/data_documentation/index.htm.
  • Cervone, D., Jiwani, N. and Wood, R. (1991). Goal setting and the differential influence of self-regulatory processes on complex decision-making performance. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 61:257.
  • Chahal, H., Fung, C., Kuhle, S. and Veugelers, P. J. (2013). Availability and night-time use of electronic entertainment and communication devices are associated with short sleep duration and obesity among Canadian children. Pediatr. Obes. 8:42.
  • Chen, X., Beydoun, M. A. and Wang, Y. (2008). Is sleep duration associated with childhood obesity? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity (Silver. Spring) 16:265.
  • Church, T. S., Thomas, D. M., Tudor-Locke, C., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Earnest, C. P., Rodarte, R. Q., Martin, C. K., Blair, S. N. and Bouchard, C. (2011). Trends over 5 decades in U.S. Occupation-related physical activity and their associations with obesity. PLoS. One. 6:e19657.
  • Clarkston, W. K., Pantano, M. M., Morley, J. E., Horowitz, M., Littlefield, J. M. and Burton, F. R. (1997). Evidence for the anorexia of aging: Gastrointestinal transit and hunger in healthy elderly vs. young adults. Am. J Physiol 272:R243–R248.
  • Coffey, C. S., Gadbury, G. L., Fontaine, K. R., Wang, C., Weindruch, R. and Allison, D. B. (2005). The effects of intentional weight loss as a latent variable problem. Stat. Med. 24:941.
  • Community Prevention Services Task Force. (2005). Environmental and Policy Approaches to Increase Physical Activity: Point to Decision Prompts to Encourage Use of Stairs. Available from http://www.thecommunityguide.org/pa/environmental-policy/podp.html.
  • Cooper, K. (2013). The very best way to lose weight and keep it off. Cleveland Clinic.
  • Cooper, Z. and Fairburn, C. G. (2001). A new cognitive behavioural approach to the treatment of obesity. Behav. Res. Ther. 39:499.
  • Cooper, Z. and Fairburn, C. G. (2002). Cognitive Behavioral Treatment in Obesity. New York, Taylor & Francis.
  • Cope, M. B. and Allison, D. B., (2008). Critical review of the World Health Organization's (WHO) 2007 report on ‘evidence of the long-term effects of breastfeeding: Systematic reviews and meta-analysis’ with respect to obesity. Obes. Rev. 9:594.
  • Craig, C. L., Brownson, R. C., Cragg, S. E. and Dunn, A. L. (2002). Exploring the effect of the environment on physical activity: A study examining walking to work. Am. J. Prev. Med. 23:36.
  • Crawford, R. and Glover, L. (2012). The impact of pre-treatment weight-loss expectations on weight loss, weight regain, and attrition in people who are overweight and obese: A systematic review of the literature. Br. J. Health Psychol. 17:609.
  • Crespo, C. J., Smit, E., Troiano, R. P., Bartlett, S. J., Macera, C. A. and Andersen, R. E. (2001). Television watching, energy intake, and obesity in US children: Results from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994. Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. 155:360.
  • Crombie, A. P., Ilich, J. Z., Dutton, G. R., Panton, L. B. and Abood, D. A. (2009). The freshman weight gain phenomenon revisited. Nutr. Rev. 67:83.
  • Cummins, S. and Fagg, J. (2012). Does greener mean thinner? Associations between neighbourhood greenspace and weight status among adults in England. Int. J Obes. (Lond) 36:1108.
  • Cummins, S., Petticrew, M., Higgins, C., Findlay, A. and Sparks, L. (2005). Large scale food retailing as an intervention for diet and health: Quasi-experimental evaluation of a natural experiment. J Epidemiol. Community Health 59:1035.
  • Cunningham, E., (2014). How can I support my clients in setting realistic weight loss goals? J. Acad. Nutr. Diet 114:176.
  • Dalle, G. R., Calugi, S., Magri, F., Cuzzolaro, M., Dall’Aglio, E., Lucchin, L., Melchionda, N. and Marchesini, G. (2004). Weight loss expectations in obese patients seeking treatment at medical centers. Obes. Res. 12:2005.
  • Dalle, G. R., Calugi, S., Molinari, E., Petroni, M. L., Bondi, M., Compare, A. and Marchesini, G. (2005). Weight loss expectations in obese patients and treatment attrition: An observational multicenter study. Obes. Res. 13:1961.
  • Danielsdottir, S., O’Brien, K. S. and Ciao, A. (2010). Anti-fat prejudice reduction: A review of published studies. Obes. Facts. 3:47.
  • Daniels, M. C. and Popkin, B. M. (2010). Impact of water intake on energy intake and weight status: A systematic review. Nutr. Rev. 68:505.
  • Datar, A. and Sturm, R. (2004). Physical education in elementary school and body mass index: Evidence from the early childhood longitudinal study. Amer. J. Public Health 94:1501.
  • Davis, A. (2013). The Quotations Page. Available from http://www.quotationspage.com/quotes/Adelle_Davis/
  • Davison, K. K., Werder, J. L. and Lawson, C. T. (2008). Children's active commuting to school: Current knowledge and future directions. Prev. Chronic. Dis. 5:A100.
  • Davis, J. N., Weigensberg, M. J., Shaibi, G. Q., Crespo, N. C., Kelly, L. A., Lane, C. J. and Goran, M. I. (2007). Influence of breastfeeding on obesity and type 2 diabetes risk factors in Latino youth with a family history of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 30:784.
  • Davy, B. M., Dennis, E. A., Dengo, A. L., Wilson, K. L. and Davy, K. P. (2008). Water consumption reduces energy intake at a breakfast meal in obese older adults. J Am. Diet. Assoc. 108:1236.
  • Dawson, J. A., Dhurandhar, E. J., Vazquez, A. I., Peng, B. and Allison, D. B. (2013). Propagation of Obesity across Generations: The Roles of Differential Realized Fertility and Assortative Mating by Body Mass Index. Hum. Hered. 75:204.
  • DeJong, W. (1980). The stigma of obesity: The consequences of naive assumptions concerning the causes of physical deviance. J. Health Soc. Behav. 21:75.
  • Dennis, E. A., Dengo, A. L., Comber, D. L., Flack, K. D., Savla, J., Davy, K. P. and Davy, B. M. (2010). Water consumption increases weight loss during a hypocaloric diet intervention in middle-aged and older adults. Obesity (Silver. Spring) 18:300.
  • Dennis, E. A., Flack, K. D. and Davy, B. M. (2009). Beverage consumption and adult weight management: A review. Eat. Behav. 10:237.
  • De, B., I, Sallis, J. F. and Saelens, B. E. (2003). Environmental correlates of physical activity in a sample of Belgian adults. Am. J. Health Promot. 18:83.
  • Devitt, A. A. and Mattes, R. D. (2004). Effects of food unit size and energy density on intake in humans. Appetite 42:213.
  • Dewey, K. G. (2003). Is breastfeeding protective against child obesity? J. Hum. Lact. 19:9.
  • DietAdvices.com. (2010). Not eating after 6pm actually helps your diet. DietAdvices.com. 7-22-2013.
  • Dietz, W. H., Jr. and Gortmaker, S. L. (1985). Do we fatten our children at the television set? Obesity and television viewing in children and adolescents. Pediatrics 75:807.
  • Diliberti, N., Bordi, P. L., Conklin, M. T., Roe, L. S. and Rolls, B. J. (2004). Increased portion size leads to increased energy intake in a restaurant meal. Obes. Res. 12:562.
  • Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity. (2006). Do increased portion sizes affect how much we eat? Centers for Disease Control. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/nutrition/pdf/portion_size_research.pdf.
  • Dixon, J. B., Laurie, C. P., Anderson, M. L., Hayden, M. J., Dixon, M. E., O’Brien, P. E. (2009). Motivation, readiness to change, and weight loss following adjustable gastric band surgery. Obesity. (Silver. Spring) 17:698.
  • Dollman, J. and Lewis, N. R. (2007). Active transport to school as part of a broader habit of walking and cycling among South Australian youth. Pediatr. Exerc. Sci. 19:436.
  • Douglas, K. A., Collins, J. L., Warren, C., Kann, L., Gold, R., Clayton, S., Ross, J. G. and Kolbe, L. J. (1997). Results from the 1995 National College Health Risk Behavior Survey. J. Am. Coll. Health 46:55.
  • Douglas, J. G., Ford, M. J. and Munro, J. F. (1981). Patient motivation and predicting outcome in a hospital obesity clinic. Int. J. Obes. 5:33.
  • Duffey, K. J. and Popkin, B. M. (2011). Energy density, portion size, and eating occasions: Contributions to increased energy intake in the United States, 1977-2006. PLoS. Med. 8:e1001050.
  • Durant, N. H., Joseph, R. P., Affuso, O. H., Dutton, G. R., Robertson, H. T., and Allison, D. B. (2013). Empirical evidence does not support an association between less ambitious pre-treatment goals and better treatment outcomes: A meta-analysis. Obes. Rev. 14:532.
  • Dwyer, T., Coonan, W. E., Leitch, D. R., Hetzel, B. S. and Baghurst, R. A. (1983). An investigation of the effects of daily physical activity on the health of primary school students in South Australia. Int. J. Epidemiol 12:308.
  • Dyer, A. R., Stamler, J. and Greenland, P. (2000). Associations of weight change and weight variability with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in the Chicago Western Electric Company Study. Am. J. Epidemiol. 152:324.
  • Edell, B. H., Edington, S., Herd, B., O’Brien, R. M. and Witkin, G. (1987). Self-efficacy and self-motivation as predictors of weight loss. Addict. Behav. 12:63.
  • Edmonds, M. J., Ferreira, K. J., Nikiforuk, E. A., Finnie, A. K., Leavey, S. H., Duncan, A. M. and Randall Simpson, J. A. (2008). Body weight and percent body fat increase during the transition from high school to university in females. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 108:1033.
  • Effects of weight loss and sodium reduction intervention on blood pressure and hypertension incidence in overweight people with high-normal blood pressure. (1997). The Trials of Hypertension Prevention, phase II. The Trials of Hypertension Prevention Collaborative Research Group. Arch. Intern. Med. 157:657–667.
  • Egger, G. (2007). Personal carbon trading: A potential “stealth intervention” for obesity reduction? Med. J. Aust. 187:185.
  • Eisenberg, M. E., Olson, R. E., Neumark-Sztainer, D., Story, M. and Bearinger, L. H. (2004). Correlations between family meals and psychosocial well-being among adolescents. Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. 158:792.
  • Elbel, B., Taksler, G. B., Mijanovich, T., Abrams, C. B. and Dixon, L. B. (2013). Promotion of healthy eating through public policy: A controlled experiment. Am. J Prev. Med. 45:49.
  • Ello-Martin, J. A., Roe, L. S., Ledikwe, J. H., Beach, A. M. and Rolls, B. J. (2007). Dietary energy density in the treatment of obesity: A year-long trial comparing 2 weight-loss diets. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 85:1465.
  • Engell, D. (1988). Interdependency of food and water intake in humans. Appetite 10:133.
  • Epstein, L. H., Paluch, R. A., Consalvi, A., Riordan, K. and Scholl, T. (2002). Effects of manipulating sedentary behavior on physical activity and food intake. J Pediatr. 140:334.
  • Epstein, L. H., Roemmich, J. N., Paluch, R. A. and Raynor, H. A. (2005a). Influence of changes in sedentary behavior on energy and macronutrient intake in youth. Am. J Clin. Nutr. 81:361.
  • Epstein, L. H., Roemmich, J. N., Paluch, R. A. and Raynor, H. A. (2005b). Physical activity as a substitute for sedentary behavior in youth. Ann. Behav. Med. 29:200.
  • Evans, B. (2006). ‘Gluttony or sloth’: Critical geographies of bodies and morality in (anti)obesity policy. Area 259–267.
  • Evenhouse, E. and Reilly, S. (2005). Improved estimates of the benefits of breastfeeding using sibling comparisons to reduce selection bias. Health Serv. Res. 40:1781.
  • Ewart, C. K., Young, D. R. and Hagberg, J. M. (1998). Effects of school-based aerobic exercise on blood pressure in adolescent girls at risk for hypertension. Am J Public Health 88:949.
  • Fabricatore, A. N., Wadden, T. A., Womble, L. G., Sarwer, D. B., Berkowitz, R. I., Foster, G. D. and Brock, J. R. (2007). The role of patients’ expectations and goals in the behavioral and pharmacological treatment of obesity. Int. J. Obes. (Lond) 31:1739.
  • Fairburn, C. G., Stice, E., Cooper, Z., Doll, H. A., Norman, P. A., O’Connor, M. E. (2003). Understanding persistence in bulimia nervosa: A 5-year naturalistic study. J. Consult Clin. Psychol. 71:103.
  • Fakhouri, T. H., Hughes, J. P., Brody, D. J., Kit, B. K. and Ogden, C. L. (2013). Physical activity and screen-time viewing among elementary school-aged children in the United States from 2009 to 2010. JAMA Pediatr. 167:223.
  • Fardy, P. S., White, R. E., Haltiwanger-Schmitz, K., et al. (1996). Coronary disease risk factor reduction and behavior modification in minority adolescents: The PATH program. J Adolesc Health 18:247.
  • Farley, T. A., Meriwether, R. A., Baker, E. T., Watkins, L. T., Johnson, C. C. and Webber, L. S. (2007). Safe play spaces to promote physical activity in inner-city children: Results from a pilot study of an environmental intervention. Am. J. Public Health 97:1625.
  • FDA. (2004). Federal Register Final Rule - FR69 6787 Final Rule Declaring Dietary Supplements Containing Ephedrine Alkaloids Adulterated Because They Present an Unreasonable Risk February 11, 2004. Taylor & Francis.
  • Ferdinand, A., Sen, B., Rahurkar, S., Engler, S. and Menachemi, N. (2012). The relationship between built environments and physical activity: A systematic review. Am. J. Public Health 102:e7–e13.
  • Fernandes, M. and Sturm, R. (2011). The role of school physical activity programs in child body mass trajectory. J. Phys. Activity Health 8:174.
  • Field, A. E., Malspeis, S. and Willett, W. C. (2009). Weight cycling and mortality among middle-aged or older women. Arch. Intern. Med. 169:881.
  • Fisher, G., Hunter, G. R. and Allison, D. B. (2013). Commentary: Physical activity does influence obesity risk when it actually occurs in sufficient amount. Int. J. Epidemiol. 42:1845.
  • Fisher, J. O., Liu, Y., Birch, L. L. and Rolls, B. J. (2007). Effects of portion size and energy density on young children's intake at a meal. Am. J Clin. Nutr. 86:174.
  • Flegal, K. M., Carroll, M. D., Ogden, C. L. and Curtin, L. R. (2010). Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999–2008. JAMA 303:235.
  • Flood, J. F. and Morley, J. E. (1991). Increased food intake by neuropeptide Y is due to an increased motivation to eat. Peptides 12:1329.
  • Fontaine, K. R., Cheskin, L. J. and Allison, D. B. (1997). Predicting treatment attendance and weight loss: Assessing the psychometric properties and predictive validity of the Dieting Readiness Test. J. Pers. Assess. 68:173.
  • Fontaine, K. R. and Wiersema, L. (1999). Dieting readiness test fails to predict enrollment in a weight loss program. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 99:664.
  • Foster, G. D., Phelan, S., Wadden, T. A., Gill, D., Ermold, J. and Didie, E. (2004). Promoting more modest weight losses: A pilot study. Obes. Res. 12:1271.
  • Foster, G. D., Wadden, T. A., Phelan, S., Sarwer, D. B. and Sanderson, R. S. (2001). Obese patients’ perceptions of treatment outcomes and the factors that influence them. Arch. Intern. Med. 161:2133.
  • Foster, G. D., Wadden, T. A. and Vogt, R. A. (1997). Body image in obese women before, during, and after weight loss treatment. Health Psychol. 16:226.
  • Foster, G. D., Wadden, T. A., Vogt, R. A. and Brewer, G. (1997). What is a reasonable weight loss? Patients’ expectations and evaluations of obesity treatment outcomes. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 65:79.
  • Francis, L. A. and Birch, L. L. (2006). Does eating during television viewing affect preschool children's intake? J. Am. Diet Assoc. 106:598.
  • Fraze, D. S. (2005). Kentucky's war on weight & type 2 diabetes in youth: The battle continues as a legislative victory emerges. Ky. Nurse 53:17.
  • Friedman, J. M. (2003). A war on obesity, not the obese. Science 299:856.
  • Fujimoto, K., Sakata, T., Etou, H., Fukagawa, K., Ookuma, K., Terada, K. and Kurata, K. (1992). Charting of daily weight pattern reinforces maintenance of weight reduction in moderately obese patients. Am. J. Med. Sci. 303:145.
  • Gard, M. and Wright, J. (2005). The Obesity Epidemic. Taylor & Francis.
  • Garn, S. M., Sullivan, T. V. and Hawthorne, V. M. (1989). Educational level, fatness, and fatness differences between husbands and wives. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 50:740.
  • Gartner, L. M., Morton, J., Lawrence, R. A., Naylor, A. J., O’Hare, D., Schanler, R. J. and Eidelman, A. I. (2005). Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics 115:496.
  • Geier, A. B., Rozin, P. and Doros, G. (2006). Unit bias. A new heuristic that helps explain the effect of portion size on food intake. Psychol. Sci. 17:521.
  • Geliebter, A., Gluck, M. E., Tanowitz, M., Aronoff, N. J. and Zammit, G. K. (2000). Work-shift period and weight change. Nutrition 16:27.
  • Gillman, M. W. (2011). Commentary: Breastfeeding and obesity–the 2011 Scorecard. Int. J. Epidemiol. 40:681.
  • Gillman, M. W., Rifas-Shiman, S. L., Camargo, C. A., Jr., Berkey, C. S., Frazier, A. L., Rockett, H. R., Field, A. E. and Colditz, G. A. (2001). Risk of overweight among adolescents who were breastfed as infants. JAMA 285:2461.
  • Gillman, M. W., Shiman, S. L. and Frazier, A. L. (2000). Family dinner and diet quality among older children and adolescents. Arch. Family Med. 9:235.
  • Glass, T. A., Rasmussen, M. D. and Schwartz, B. S. (2006). Neighborhoods and obesity in older adults: The Baltimore Memory Study. Am. J. Prev. Med. 31:455.
  • Gluckman, P. D., Hanson, M., Zimmet, P. and Forrester, T. (2011). Losing the war against obesity: The need for a developmental perspective. Sci. Transl. Med. 3:93 cm19.
  • Gokee-LaRose, J., Gorin, A. A. and Wing, R. R. (2009). Behavioral self-regulation for weight loss in young adults: A randomized controlled trial. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. 6:10.
  • Gonzalez-Suarez, C., Worley, A., Grimmer-Somers, K. and Dones, V. (2009). School-based interventions on childhood obesity: A meta-analysis. Am. J. Prev. Med. 37:418.
  • Goodrick, C. L., Ingram, D. K., Reynolds, M. A., Freeman, J. R. and Cider, N. L. (1983). Differential effects of intermittent feeding and voluntary exercise on body weight and lifespan in adult rats. J. Gerontol. 38:36.
  • Goodrick, C. L., Ingram, D. K., Reynolds, M. A., Freeman, J. R. and Cider, N. (1990). Effects of intermittent feeding upon body weight and lifespan in inbred mice: Interaction of genotype and age. Mech. Ageing Dev. 55:69.
  • Gordon-Larsen, P., Nelson, M. C., Page, P. and Popkin, B. M. (2006). Inequality in the built environment underlies key health disparities in physical activity and obesity. Pediatrics 117:417.
  • Gorin, A. A., Marinilli, P. A., Tate, D. F., Raynor, H. A., Fava, J. L. and Wing, R. R. (2007), Failure to meet weight loss expectations does not impact maintenance in successful weight losers. Obesity. (Silver. Spring) 15:3086.
  • Gossman, M. (2009). Program Report: Health Economics. NBER Reporter Online. 7-24-2013. Available from http://www.nber.org/programs/he/he.html.
  • Gow, R. W., Trace, S. E. and Mazzeo, S. E. (2010). Preventing weight gain in first year college students: An online intervention to prevent the “freshman fifteen”. Eat. Behav. 11:33.
  • Graham, M. A. and Jones, A. L. (2002). Freshman 15: Valid theory or harmful myth? J. Am. Coll. Health 50:171.
  • GrantWatch. (2013). Foundations aim to foster nourishment and banish ‘Food Deserts’. Health Affairs 31:1119.
  • Greenwood, L. (2009). Child health. Paras mark D-day in war on obesity. Health Serv. J. 119:20.
  • Gropper, S. S., Simmons, K. P., Gaines, A., Drawdy, K., Saunders, D., Ulrich, P. and Connell, L. J. (2009). The freshman 15-a closer look. J. Am. Coll. Health 58:223.
  • Grossschadl, F., Titze, S., Burkert, N. and Stronegger, W. J. (2013), Moderate- and vigorous-intensity exercise behaviour according to the Transtheoretical Model: Associations with smoking and BMI among Austrian adults. Wien. Klin. Wochenschr. 125:270.
  • Gustat, J., Rice, J., Parker, K. M., Becker, A. B. and Farley, T. A. (2012). Effect of changes to the neighborhood built environment on physical activity in a low-income African American neighborhood. Prev. Chronic. Dis. 9:E57.
  • Haberman, S. and Luffey, D. (1998). Weighing in college students’ diet and exercise behaviors. J. Am. Coll. Health 46:189.
  • Hagan, J. F. Jr., Shaw, J. S. and Duncan, P. M. (2007). Bright futures:guidelines for health supervision of infants, children and adolescents. Pediatrics S254–S288.
  • Halberg, F., Erhard, H. and Cornelissen, G. (1995). From biological rhythms to chronomes relevant for nutrition, in Not Eating Enough: Overcoming Underconsumption of Military Operational Rations. Washington DC, Taylor & Francis, 361.
  • Halford, J. C., Boyland, E. J., Hughes, G., Oliveira, L. P. and Dovey, T. M. (2007). Beyond-brand effect of television (TV) food advertisements/commercials on caloric intake and food choice of 5–7-year-old children. Appetite 49:263.
  • Halford, J. C., Boyland, E. J., Hughes, G. M., Stacey, L., McKean, S. and Dovey, T. M. (2008). Beyond-brand effect of television food advertisements on food choice in children: The effects of weight status. Public Health Nutr. 11:897.
  • Hammons, A. J. and Fiese, B. H. (2011). Is frequency of shared family meals related to the nutritional health of children and adolescents? Pediatrics 127:e1565–e1574.
  • Handbook of Non Drug Intervention Project Team. (2013). Pre-meal water consumption for weight loss. Aust Fam Physician 42:478.
  • Handjieva-Darlenska, T., Handjiev, S., Larsen, T. M., van Baak, M. A., Jebb, S., Papadaki, A., Pfeiffer, A. F., Martinez, J. A., Kunesova, M., Holst, C., Saris, W. H. and Astrup, A. (2010). Initial weight loss on an 800-kcal diet as a predictor of weight loss success after 8 weeks: The Diogenes study. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 64:994.
  • Hanks, A. S., Kaipainen, K. and Wansink, B. (2013). The syracuse plate: Reducing BMI by introducing smaller plates in households. J. Nutr. Educ. Behav. 45:41.
  • Harder, T., Bergmann, R., Kallischnigg, G. and Plagemann, A. (2005). Duration of breastfeeding and risk of overweight: A meta-analysis. Am. J. Epidemiol. 162:397.
  • Harding, A. (2011). Snacking, not portion size, largely driving U.S. overeating. Yahoo Health.
  • Harrell, J. S., McMurray, R. G., Bangdiwala, S. I., Frauman, A. C., Gansky, S. A. and Bradley, C. B. (1996). Effects of a school-based intervention to reduce cardiovascular disease risk factors in elementary-school children: The Cardiovascular Health in Children (CHIC) study. J Pediatr 128:797.
  • Harris, J. L., Bargh, J. A. and Brownell, K. D. (2009). Priming effects of television food advertising on eating behavior. Health Psychol. 28:404.
  • Harris, K. C., Kuramoto, L. K., Schulzer, M. and Retallack, J. E. (2009). Effect of School-based physical activity interventions on body mass index in children: A meta-analysis. Canadian Medical Association Journal 180:719.
  • Haschke, F. and van't Hof, M. A. (2000). Euro-Growth references for breast-fed boys and girls: Influence of breast-feeding and solids on growth until 36 months of age. Euro-Growth Study Group. J Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 31(Suppl 1):S60–S71.
  • Hebebrand, J., Wulftange, H., Goerg, T., Ziegler, A., Hinney, A., Barth, N., Mayer, H. and Remschmidt, H. (2000). Epidemic obesity: Are genetic factors involved via increased rates of assortative mating? Int. J. Obes. Relat Metab Disord. 24:345.
  • Heckerman, C. L., Brownell, K. D. and Westlake, R. J. (1978). Self and external monitoring of weight. Psychol. Rep. 43:375.
  • Hediger, M. L., Overpeck, M. D., Kuczmarski, R. J. and Ruan, W. J. (2001). Association between infant breastfeeding and overweight in young children. JAMA 285:2453.
  • Hedley, A. A., Ogden, C. L., Johnson, C. L., Carroll, M. D., Curtin, L. R. and Flegal, K. M. (2004). Prevalence of overweight and obesity among US children, adolescents, and adults, 1999–2002. JAMA 291:2847.
  • Helm, J. (2013). Debating the Merits of Breakfast. WebMD. 1-10-2014. Available from http://blogs.webmd.com/food-and-nutrition/2013/09/debating-the-merits-of-breakfast.html.
  • Hendrick, B. (2010). Water May Be Secret Weapon in Weight Loss. WebMD. Available from http://www.webmd.com/diet/news/20100823/water-may-be-a-secret-weapon-in-weight-loss.
  • Heo, M., Kim, R. S., Wylie-Rosett, J., Allison, D. B., Heymsfield, S. B. and Faith, M. S. (2011). Inverse association between fruit and vegetable intake and BMI even after controlling for demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors. Obes. Facts. 4:449.
  • Hibi, M., Masumoto, A., Naito, Y., Kiuchi, K., Yoshimoto, Y., Matsumoto, M., Katashima, M., Oka, J. and Ikemoto, S. (2013). Nighttime snacking reduces whole body fat oxidation and increases LDL cholesterol in healthy young women. Am. J. Physiol Regul. Integr. Comp Physiol 304:R94–R101.
  • Hivert, M. F., Langlois, M. F., Berard, P., Cuerrier, J. P. and Carpentier, A. C. (2007). Prevention of weight gain in young adults through a seminar-based intervention program. Int. J. Obes. (Lond) 31:1262.
  • Hollar, D. (2013). Cross-sectional changes in patterns of allostatic load among persons with varying disabilities, NHANES: 2001–2010. Disabil. Health J. 6:177.
  • Holm-Denoma, J. M., Joiner, T. E., Vohs, K. D. and Heatherton, T. F. (2008). The “freshman fifteen” (the “freshman five” actually): Predictors and possible explanations. Health Psychol. 27:S3–S9.
  • Hook, D. B. (2009). How portion size adds up to obesity. Everyday Health. Available from http://www.everydayhealth.com/diet-nutrition/weight-management/big-food-are-we-eating-more.aspx.
  • Horta, B. L., Bahl, R., Martines, J. C. and Victora, C. G. (2007). Evidence of the long-term effects of breastfeeding. World Health Org. System. Rev. Meta-analyses. Available from http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2007/9789241595230_eng.pdf.
  • Houchins, J. A., Burgess, J. R., Campbell, W. W., Daniel, J. R., Ferruzzi, M. G., McCabe, G. P. and Mattes, R. D. (2012). Beverage vs. solid fruits and vegetables: Effects on energy intake and body weight. Obesity. (Silver. Spring) 20:1844.
  • Hur, Y. M. (2003). Assortive mating for personaltiy traits, educational level, religious affiliation, height, weight, adn body mass index in parents of Korean twin sample. Twin. Res. 6:467.
  • Ignarro, L. and Myers, A. (2013). Eating after 8PM may increase risk of obesity. HealthIsWealth. 5-9-0011. Available from http://www.amazon.com/The-Heart-Health-Louis-Ignarro/dp/1613890060.
  • Institute of Medicine. (2005). Preventing Childhood Obesity: Health in the Balance. Washington, D.C., Taylor & Francis.
  • Institute of Medicine. (2013). Educating the Student Body: Taking Physical Activity and Physical Education to School, Washington, DC, Taylor & Francis.
  • International Fruit and Vegetable Alliance. (2011). F&V intake and unhealthy snacks. Available from http://www.pbhfoundation.org/pdfs/about/donor_updates/jun24_2011/IfavaNewsJun11.pdf.
  • Ip, S., Chung, M., Raman, G., Chew, P., Magula, N., DeVine, D., Trikalinos, T. and Lau, J. (2007). Breastfeeding and maternal and infant health outcomes in developed countries. Evid. Rep. Technol. Assess. (Full. Rep.) 1.
  • Jacobson, P., Torgerson, J. S., Sjostrom, L. and Bouchard, C. (2007). Spouse resemblance in body mass index: Effects on adult obesity prevalence in the offspring generation. Am. J. Epidemiol. 165:101.
  • Jakubowicz, D., Barnea, M., Wainstein, J. and Froy, O. (2013). High Caloric intake at breakfast vs. dinner differentially influences weight loss of overweight and obese women. Obesity. (Silver. Spring).
  • Jakubowicz, D., Froy, O., Wainstein, J. and Boaz, M. (2012). Meal timing and composition influence ghrelin levels, appetite scores and weight loss maintenance in overweight and obese adults. Steroids 77:323.
  • James, D. C. and Dobson, B. (2005). Position of the American Dietetic Association: Promoting and supporting breastfeeding. J. Am. Diet Assoc. 105:810.
  • Jeffery, R. W. (1996). Does weight cycling present a health risk? Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 63:452S.
  • Jeffery, R. W., Bjornson-Benson, W. M., Rosenthal, B. S., Lindquist, R. A., Kurth, C. L. and Johnson, S. L. (1984). Correlates of weight loss and its maintenance over two years of follow-up among middle-aged men. Prev. Med. 13:155.
  • Jeffery, R. W., Wing, R. R. and Mayer, R. R. (1998). Are smaller weight losses or more achievable weight loss goals better in the long term for obese patients? J. Consult Clin. Psychol. 66:641.
  • Jiang, M. and Foster, E. M. (2013). Duration of breastfeeding and childhood obesity: A generalized propensity score approach. Health Services Res. 48:628–51
  • Jiao, J., Moudon, A. V., Ulmer, J., Hurvitz, P. M. and Drewnowski, A. (2012). How to identify food deserts: Measuring physical and economic access to supermarkets in King County, Washington. Am. J. Public Health 102:e32–e39.
  • Johnstone, A. M., Shannon, E., Whybrow, S., Reid, C. A. and Stubbs, R. J. (2000). Altering the temporal distribution of energy intake with isoenergetically dense foods given as snacks does not affect total daily energy intake in normal-weight men. Br. J. Nutr. 83:7.
  • Just, D. R. and Wansink, B. (2014). One man's tall is another man's small: How the framing of portion size influences food choice. Health Econ 23:776–791.
  • Jutel, A. (2005). Weighing health: The moral burden of obesity. Social Semiotics 15:2.
  • Kahn, E. B., Ramsey, L. T., Brownson, R. C., Heath, G. W., Howze, E. H., Powell, K. E., et al. (2002). The effectiveness of interventions to increase physical activity: A systematic review. Am. J. Prev. Med. 22:73.
  • Kain, J., Uauy, R., Albala, Vio, F., Cerda, R. and Leyton, B. (2004). School-based obesity prevention in Chilean primary school children: Methodology and evaluation of a controlled study. Int. J. Obesity 28:483.
  • Keim, N. L., Van Loan, M. D., Horn, W. F., Barbieri, T. F. and Mayclin, P. L. (1997). Weight loss is greater with consumption of large morning meals and fat-free mass is preserved with large evening meals in women on a controlled weight reduction regimen. J. Nutr. 127:75.
  • Keith, S. W., Redden, D. T., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Boggiano, M. M., Hanlon, E. C., Benca, R. M., Ruden, D., Pietrobelli, A., Barger, J. L., Fontaine, K. R., Wang, C., Aronne, L. J., Wright, S. M., Baskin, M., Dhurandhar, N. V., Lijoi, M. C., Grilo, C. M., DeLuca, M., Westfall, A. O. and Allison, D. B. (2006). Putative contributors to the secular increase in obesity: Exploring the roads less traveled. Int. J. Obes. (Lond) 30:1585.
  • Kendall, L. (2007). Public health. Early learning is key weapon in obesity war. Health Serv. J. 117:16.
  • Keski-Rahkonen, A., Bulik, C. M., Pietilainen, K. H., Rose, R. J., Kaprio, J. and Rissanen, A. (2007). Eating styles, overweight and obesity in young adult twins. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 61:822.
  • Kesman, R. L., Ebbert, J. O., Harris, K. I. and Schroeder, D. R. (2011). Portion control for the treatment of obesity in the primary care setting. BMC. Res. Notes 4:346.
  • Kim, J. (2012). Are physical education-related state policies and schools’ physical education requirement related to children's physical activity and obesity. J. School Health 82:268.
  • Kirkova, D. (2013). A woman's weight fluctuates by 1.6 stone during her lifetime… and we’re 7.4lbs lighter in the summer. Mail Online. Available from http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2358186/Womens-weight-fluctuates-1-6-stone-lifetime--7-4lbs-lighter-summer.html.
  • Klein, S. (1999). The war against obesity: Attacking a new front. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 69:1061.
  • Klem, M. L., Wing, R. R., McGuire, M. T., Seagle, H. M. and Hill, J. O. (1997). A descriptive study of individuals successful at long-term maintenance of substantial weight loss. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 66:239.
  • Klesges, R. C., Shelton, M. L. and Klesges, L. M. (1993). Effects of television on metabolic rate: Potential implications for childhood obesity. Pediatrics 91:281.
  • Kolata, G. (2012). Studies question the pairing of food deserts and obesity. New York Times Online. 4-1-2012. Available from http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/18/health/research/pairing-of-food-deserts-and-obesity-challenged-in-studies.html?_r=0.
  • Kong, A., Beresford, S. A., Alfano, C. M., Foster-Schubert, K. E., Neuhouser, M. L., Johnson, D. B., Duggan, C., Wang, C. Y., Xiao, L., Bain, C. E. and McTiernan, A. (2011). Associations between snacking and weight loss and nutrient intake among postmenopausal overweight to obese women in a dietary weight-loss intervention. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 111:1898.
  • Koplan, J. P., Liverman, C. T. and Kraak, V. I. (2005). Preventing childhood obesity: Health in the balance: Executive summary. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 105:131.
  • Kral, T. V., Whiteford, L. M., Heo, M. and Faith, M. S. (2011). Effects of eating breakfast compared with skipping breakfast on ratings of appetite and intake at subsequent meals in 8- to 10-y-old children. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 93:284.
  • Kramer, M. S., Chalmers, B., Hodnett, E. D., Sevkovskaya, Z., Dzikovich, I., Shapiro, S., Collet, J. P., Vanilovich, I., Mezen, I., Ducruet, T., Shishko, G., Zubovich, V., Mknuik, D., Gluchanina, E., Dombrovskiy, V., Ustinovitch, A., Kot, T., Bogdanovich, N., Ovchinikova, L. and Helsing, E. (2001). Promotion of Breastfeeding Intervention Trial (PROBIT): A randomized trial in the Republic of Belarus. JAMA 285:413.
  • Kramer, M. S., Fombonne, E., Igumnov, S., Vanilovich, I., Matush, L., Mironova, E., Bogdanovich, N., Tremblay, R. E., Chalmers, B., Zhang, X. and Platt, R. W. (2008). Effects of prolonged and exclusive breastfeeding on child behavior and maternal adjustment: Evidence from a large, randomized trial. Pediatrics 121:e435–e440.
  • Kramer, M. S., Fombonne, E., Matush, L., Bogdanovich, N., Dahhou, M. and Platt, R. W. (2011). Long-term behavioural consequences of infant feeding: The limits of observational studies. Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. 25:500.
  • Kramer, M. S. and Kakuma, R. (2004). The optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding: A systematic review. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 554:63.
  • Kramer, M. S., Matush, L., Vanilovich, I., Platt, R. W., Bogdanovich, N., Sevkovskaya, Z., Dzikovich, I., Shishko, G., Collet, J. P., Martin, R. M., Davey, S. G., Gillman, M. W., Chalmers, B., Hodnett, E. and Shapiro, S. (2007). Effects of prolonged and exclusive breastfeeding on child height, weight, adiposity, and blood pressure at age 6.5 y: Evidence from a large randomized trial. Am. J Clin. Nutr. 86:1717.
  • Kriemler, S., Zahner, L., Schindler, C., Meyer, U., Hartmann, T., Hebestreit, H., Brunner-La Rocca, H. P., van Mechelen, W. and Pruder, J. J. (2010). Effect of school based physical activity programme (KISS) on fitness and adiposity in primary schoolchildren: Cluster randomised controlled trial. British Medical Journal 340:c785.
  • Kruger, J., Yore, M. M. and Kohl, H. W., III. (2007). Leisure-time physical activity patterns by weight control status: 1999–2002 NHANES. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 39:788.
  • Kuo, M., Adlaf, E. M., Lee, H., Gliksman, L., Demers, A. and Wechsler, H. (2002). More Canadian students drink but American students drink more: Comparing college alcohol use in two countries. Addiction 97:1583.
  • Lapointe, A., Weisnagel, S. J., Provencher, V., Begin, C., Dufour-Bouchard, A. A., Trudeau, C. and Lemieux, S. (2010). Comparison of a dietary intervention promoting high intakes of fruits and vegetables with a low-fat approach: Long-term effects on dietary intakes, eating behaviours and body weight in postmenopausal women. Br. J. Nutr. 104:1080.
  • Lappalainen, R., Mennen, L., van, W. L. and Mykkanen, H. (1993). Drinking water with a meal: A simple method of coping with feelings of hunger, satiety and desire to eat. Eur. J Clin. Nutr. 47:815.
  • Laurson, K. R., Eisenmann, J. C., Welk, G. J., Wickel, E. E., Gentile, D. A. and Walsh, D. A. (2008). Combined influence of physical activity and screen time recommendations on childhood overweight. J Pediatr. 153:209.
  • Ledikwe, J. H., Rolls, B. J., Smiciklas-Wright, H., Mitchell, D. C., Ard, J. D., Champagne, C., Karanja, N., Lin, P. H., Stevens, V. J. and Appel, L. J. (2007). Reductions in dietary energy density are associated with weight loss in overweight and obese participants in the PREMIER trial. Am. J Clin. Nutr. 85:1212.
  • Lee, H. (2012). The role of local food availability in explaining obesity risk among young school-aged children. Soc. Sci. Med. 74:1193.
  • Lee, A. (2013). Do Not Weigh Yourself Everyday When Losing Weight. Available from http://www.selfgrowth.com/articles/Do_Not_Weigh_Yourself_Everyday_When_Losing_Weight.html.
  • Lee, I. M. and Paffenbarger, R. S., Jr. (1992). Change in body weight and longevity. JAMA 268:2045.
  • Leidy, H. J. and Racki, E. M. (2010). The addition of a protein-rich breakfast and its effects on acute appetite control and food intake in ‘breakfast-skipping’ adolescents. Int. J. Obes. (Lond) 34:1125.
  • Lerche, D. J. (2012). Lose weight: Eat breakfast. WebMD.
  • Levenstein, H. (1988). Revolution at the Table: The Transformation of the American Diet, Taylor & Francis, New York, 122.
  • Levitsky, D. A., Garay, J., Nausbaum, M., Neighbors, L. and Dellavalle, D. M. (2006). Monitoring weight daily blocks the freshman weight gain: A model for combating the epidemic of obesity. Int. J. Obes. (Lond) 30:1003.
  • Levitsky, D. A. and Pacanowski, C. (2011). Losing weight without dieting. Use of commercial foods as meal replacements for lunch produces an extended energy deficit. Appetite 57:311.
  • Levitsky, D. A. and Pacanowski, C. R. (2012a). Free will and the obesity epidemic. Public Health Nutr. 15:126.
  • Levitsky, D. A. and Pacanowski, C. (2012b). Skipping breakfast results in reduced daily energy intake: Experimental evidence.
  • Linde, J. A., Jeffery, R. W., Finch, E. A., Ng, D. M. and Rothman, A. J. (2004). Are unrealistic weight loss goals associated with outcomes for overweight women? Obes. Res. 12:569.
  • Linde, J. A., Jeffery, R. W., French, S. A., Pronk, N. P. and Boyle, R. G. (2005). Self-weighing in weight gain prevention and weight loss trials. Ann. Behav. Med. 30:210.
  • Linde, J. A., Jeffery, R. W., Levy, R. L., Pronk, N. P. and Boyle, R. G. (2005). Weight loss goals and treatment outcomes among overweight men and women enrolled in a weight loss trial. Int. J. Obes. (Lond) 29:1002.
  • Lin, B. H., Wendt, M. and Guthrie, J. F. (2013). Impact on energy, sodium and dietary fibre intakes of vegetables prepared at home and away from home in the USA. Public Health Nutr. 16:1937.
  • List, E. O., Berryman, D. E., Wright-Piekarski, J., Jara, A., Funk, K. and Kopchick, J. J. (2013). The effects of weight cycling on lifespan in male C57BL/6J mice. Int. J Obes. (Lond) 37:1088.
  • Livestrong.com. (2010) Obesity & snacks at school. Livestrong.com. Available from http://www.livestrong.com/article/519859-childhood-obesity-elementary-school-cafeteria-food/.
  • Lloyd, R. S., Oliver, J. L., Hughes, M. G. and Williams, C. A. (2012). The effects of 4-weeks of plyometric training on reactive strength index and leg stiffness in male youths. J. Strength. Cond. Res. 26:2812.
  • Lloyd-Richardson, E. E., Bailey, S., Fava, J. L. and Wing, R. (2009). A prospective study of weight gain during the college freshman and sophomore years. Prev. Med. 48:256.
  • Lowe, M. R., Annunziato, R. A., Markowitz, J. T., Didie, E., Bellace, D. L., Riddell, L., Maille, C., McKinney, S. and Stice, E. (2006). Multiple types of dieting prospectively predict weight gain during the freshman year of college. Appetite 47:83.
  • Lowry, R., Galuska, D. A., Fulton, J. E., Wechsler, H., Kann, L. and Collins, J. L. (2000). Physical activity, food choice, and weight management goals and practices among US college students. Am. J. Prev. Med. 18:18.
  • Luepker, R. V., Perry, C. L., McKinlay, S. M., Nader, P. R., Parcel, G. S., Stone, E. J., Webber, L. S., Elder, J. P., Feldman, H. A. and Johnson, C. C. (1996). Outcomes of a field trial to improve children's dietary patterns and physical activity. The Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health. JAMA 275:768.
  • Luepker, R. V., Perry, C. L., McKinlay, S. M., Nader, P. R., Parcel, G. S., Stone, E. J., Webber, L. A., Elder, J. P., Feldman, H. A., Johnson, C. C., Kelder, S. H. and Wu, M. (1996). for the CATCH collaborative group, outcomes of a field trial to improve children's dietary patterns and physical activity. JAMA: J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 275:768.
  • Maersk, M., Belza, A., Holst, J. J., Fenger-Gron, M., Pedersen, S. B., Astrup, A. and Richelsen, B. (2012). Satiety scores and satiety hormone response after sucrose-sweetened soft drink compared with isocaloric semi-skimmed milk and with non-caloric soft drink: A controlled trial. Eur. J Clin. Nutr. 66:523.
  • Mahoney, M. J., Moura, N. G. and Wade, T. C. (1973). Relative efficacy of self-reward, self-punishment, and self-monitoring techniques for weight loss. J. Consult Clin. Psychol. 40:404.
  • Manios, Y., Moschandreas, J., Hatzis, C. and Kafatos, A. (1999). Evaluation of a health and nutrition education program in primary school children of Crete over a three-year period. Prev Med 28:149.
  • Marchiori, D., Corneille, O. and Klein, O. (2012). Container size influences snack food intake independently of portion size. Appetite 58:814.
  • Marciani, L., Hall, N., Pritchard, S. E., Cox, E. F., Totman, J. J., Lad, M., Hoad, C. L., Foster, T. J., Gowland, P. A. and Spiller, R. C. (2012). Preventing gastric sieving by blending a solid/water meal enhances satiation in healthy humans. J Nutr. 142:1253.
  • Marino, D. D. and King, J. C. (1980). Nutritional concerns during adolescence. Pediatr. Clin. North Am. 27:125.
  • Martin, R. M., Atel, R., Ramer, M. S., Uthrie, L., Ilchuck, K., Ogdanovich, N. S. N. G. N., Oo, Y., Almer, T., Ifas-Shiman, S. L. G. M. W., Smith, G. D. and Ken, E. (2013). Effects of promoting longer-term and exclusive breastfeeding on adiposity and insulin-like growth factor-I at age 11.5 years: A randomized trial. JAMA 309.
  • Martin, C. K., O’neil, P. M. and Binks, M. (2002). An attempt to identify predictors of treatment outcome in two comprehensive weight loss programs. Eat. Behav. 3:239.
  • Mashta, O. (2013). Mail Online. Yo-yo diet dangers. July 15, 2013. Available from http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-4921/Yo-yo-diet-dangers.html.
  • Mason, I. (2012). Yo-Yo Dieting - Dangerous Weight Loss? Ezine@rticles. Available at http://ezinearticles.com/?Yo-Yo-Dieting–Dangerous-Weight-Loss?&id=153031.
  • Matvienko, O., Lewis, D. S. and Schafer, E. (2001). A college nutrition science course as an intervention to prevent weight gain in female college freshmen. J. Nutr. Educ. 33:95.
  • Mayo Clinic. (2012). Your weight-loss success depends in large part on your readiness to take on the challenge. Available from http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/weight-loss.
  • Mayo Clinic Staff. (2012). Snacks: How they fit into your weight-loss plan. MayoClinic. Available from http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-living/weight-loss/in-depth/healthy-diet/art-20046267.
  • McAllister, C. (2011). What is the effect of skipping breakfast? Livestrong Foundation. 5-10-2012. Available from http://www.creators.com/health/rallie-mcallister-your-health/eating-breakfast-boosts-weight-loss.html.
  • McClain, A. D., van den Bos, W., Matheson, D., Desai, M., McClure, S. M. and Robinson, T. N. (2013). Visual illusions and plate design: The effects of plate rim widths and rim coloring on perceived food portion size. Int. J Obes. (Lond). 38:657–662.
  • McCrory, M. A. and Campbell, W. W. (2011). Effects of eating frequency, snacking, and breakfast skipping on energy regulation: Symposium overview. J. Nutr. 141:144.
  • McGuire, S. (2011). U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services. The Surgeon General's Call to Action to Support Breastfeeding. U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Office of the Surgeon General. Adv. Nutr. 2:523.
  • McGuire, M. T., Wing, R. R. and Hill, J. O. (1999). The prevalence of weight loss maintenance among American adults. Int J. Obes. Relat Metab Disord. 23:1314.
  • McKenzie, T. L., Sallis, J. F., Prochaska, J. J., Conway, T. L., Marshall, S. J. and Rosengard, P. (2004). Evaluation of a two-year middle-school physical education intervention: M-SPAN. Med Sci Sports Exerc 36:1382.
  • Meilman, P. W., Presley, C. A. and Cashin, J. R. (1997). Average weekly alcohol consumption: Drinking percentiles for American college students. J. Am. Coll. Health 45:201.
  • Mello, M. M. (2009). New York City's war on fat. N. Engl. J. Med. 360:2015.
  • Men's Health. (2012). The 8-hour Diet Cheat Sheet. Men's Health. Available from http://www.menshealth.com/weight-loss/8-hour-diet-cheat-sheet.
  • Mesas, A. E., Munoz-Pareja, M., Lopez-Garcia, E., Rodriguez-Artalejo, F. (2012). Selected eating behaviours and excess body weight: A systematic review. Obes. Rev. 13:106.
  • Metzger, M. W. and McDade, T. W. (2009). Breastfeeding as obesity prevention in the United States: A sibling difference model. Am. J. Hum. Biol.
  • Michaels, J. and van Alst, M. (2009). Jillian Michaels shows you how to master your metabolism. Canadian Living. Available from http://www.canadianliving.com/health/nutrition/jillian_michaels_shows_you_how_to_master_your_metabolism.php.
  • Mihalopoulos, N. L., Auinger, P. and Klein, J. D. (2008). The fresharticle J. Am. Coll. Health 56:531.
  • Mitchell, J. A., Rodriguez, D., Schmitz, K. H., Audrain-McGovern, J. (2013). Greater screen time is associated with adolescent obesity: A longitudinal study of the BMI distribution from Ages 14 to 18. Obesity (Silver. Spring) 21:572.
  • Mizrahi, A., Knekt, P., Montonen, J., Laaksonen, M. A., Heliovaara, M. and Jarvinen, R. (2009). Plant foods and the risk of cerebrovascular diseases: A potential protection of fruit consumption. Br. J. Nutr. 102:1075.
  • Moore, L. V. and Diez Roux, A. V., (2006). Associations of neighborhood characteristics with the location and type of food stores. Am. J Public Health 96:325.
  • More than Medication. (2012). Eat vegetables and lose weight. Available from http://www.morethanmedication.com.au/article/article.aspx?idcontent=80.
  • Morland, K., Wing, S., Diez, R. A. and Poole, C. (2002). Neighborhood characteristics associated with the location of food stores and food service places. Am. J Prev. Med. 22:23.
  • Morrow, M. L., Heesch, K. C., Dinger, M. K., Hull, H. R., Kneehans, A. W. and Fields, D. A. (2006). Freshman 15: Fact or fiction? Obesity. (Silver. Spring) 14:1438.
  • Muckelbauer, R., Sarganas, G., Gruneis, A., Muller-Nordhorn, J. (2013). Association between water consumption and body weight outcomes: A systematic review. Am. J Clin. Nutr. 98:282.
  • Nackers, L. M., Ross, K. M. and Perri, M. G. (2010). The association between rate of initial weight loss and long-term success in obesity treatment: Does slow and steady win the race? Int J. Behav. Med. 17:161.
  • National Association for Sport and Physical Education. (2010). American Heart Association, 2010 Shape of the Nation Report: Status of Physical Education in the USA, Taylor & Francis, Reston, VA.
  • National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. (1998). Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults: The Evidence Report.
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease. (2006). Weight Cycling. Available from http://www.weightwatchers.com/images/1033/dynamic/GCMSImages/wtcycling2bw_LIBRARY_SEPT.pdf.
  • Nelson, M. C., Gordon-Larsen, P. and Adair, L. S. (2005). Are adolescents who were breast-fed less likely to be overweight? Analyses of sibling pairs to reduce confounding. Epidemiology 16:247.
  • Neumark-Sztainer, D., Hannan, P. J., Story, M., Croll, J. and Perry, C. (2003). Family meal patterns: Associations with sociodemographic characteristics and improved dietary intake among adolescents. J Am. Diet Assoc. 103:317.
  • Neumark-Sztainer, D., Story, M., Hannan, P. J. and Rex, J. (2003). New Moves: A school-based obesity prevention program for adolescent girls. Preven. Med. 37:41.
  • Neumark-Sztainer, D., Wall, M., Story, M. and Fulkerson, J. A. (2004). Are family meal patterns associated with disordered eating behaviors among adolescents? J. Adolesc. Health 35:350.
  • Newby, P. K. (2007). Are dietary intakes and eating behaviors related to childhood obesity? A comprehensive review of the evidence. J. Law Med. Ethics 35:35.
  • NIDDK. (2013). Weight Cycling. Weight-control Information Network. 7-15-2013. Available from http://win.niddk.nih.gov/.
  • Nielsen, G. A., Thomsen, B. L. and Michaelsen, K. F. (1998). Influence of breastfeeding and complementary food on growth between 5 and 10 months. Acta Paediatr. 87:911.
  • Norcross, J. C., Krebs, P. M. and Prochaska, J. O. (2011). Stages of change. J. Clin. Psychol. 67:143.
  • Obesity Prevention Strategic Plan California. (2013). Available from http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/COPP/Documents/COPP-ObesityPreventionPlan-2010.pdf.pdf. Accessed January 10, 2013.
  • Obesity Prevention Strategic Plan Indiana. (2013). Available from http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/stateprograms/fundedstates/pdf/Indiana-State-Profile.pdf.
  • Obesity Prevention Strategic Plan-New York. (2013). 10-1-2013. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/stateprograms/fundedstates/new_york.html.
  • Obesity Prevention Strategic Plan Texas. (2013). Available from www.dshs.state.tx.us/obesity/pdf/StrategicPlanUpdate.pdf.
  • Ogden, C. L., Carroll, M. D., Curtin, L. R., Lamb, M. M. and Flegal, K. M. (2010). Prevalence of high body mass index in US children and adolescents, 2007–2008. JAMA 303:242.
  • Ogden, C. L., Carroll, M. D., McDowell, M. A. and Flegal, K. M. (2007). Obesity among adults in the United States–no statistically significant chance since 2003–2004. NCHS. Data Brief. 1:1–8.
  • Osborn, R. L., Forys, K. L., Psota, T. L. and Sbrocco, T. (2011). Yo-yo dieting in African American women: Weight cycling and health. Ethn. Dis. 21:274.
  • Oshima, Y., Matsuoka, Y. and Sakane, N. (2012). Effect of weight-loss program using self-weighing twice a day and feedback in overweight and obese subjects: A randomized control trial. Obes. Res. Clin. Pract.7:e361-e366.
  • Owen, C. G., Martin, R. M., Whincup, P. H., vey-Smith, G., Gillman, M. W. and Cook, D. G. (2005). The effect of breastfeeding on mean body mass index throughout life: A quantitative review of published and unpublished observational evidence. Am. J. Clin. Nutr 82:1298.
  • O’Hara, L. and Gregg, J. (2006). The war on obesity: A social determinant of health. Health Promot. J. Austr. 17:260.
  • O’Malley, P. M., Johnston, L. D., Delva, J., Terry-McElrath, Y. M. (2009). School physical activity environment related to student obesity and activity: A national study of schools and students. J Adolesc Health 45:S71–S81.
  • O’Tierney, P. F., Barker, D. J., Osmond, C., Kajantie, E. and Eriksson, J. G., (2009). Duration of breast-feeding and adiposity in adult life. J. Nutr. 139:422S.
  • Pacanowski, C. R. (2013). Effects of self-weighing and visual feedback on weight control in adults. PhD Dissertation, Cornell University. Available from https://dspace.library.cornell.edu/bitstream/1813/34400/1/crp56.pdf.
  • Palmer, M. A., Capra, S. and Baines, S. K. (2009). Association between eating frequency, weight, and health. Nutr. Rev. 67:379.
  • Panahi, S., Luhovyy, B. L., Liu, T. T., Akhavan, T., El, K. D., Goff, H. D. and Harvey, A. G. (2013). Energy and macronutrient content of familiar beverages interact with pre-meal intervals to determine later food intake, appetite and glycemic response in young adults. Appetite 60:154.
  • Papas, M. A., Alberg, A. J., Ewing, R., Helzlsouer, K. J., Gary, T. L. and Klassen, A. C. (2007). The built environment and obesity. Epidemiol. Rev. 29:129.
  • Pate, R. R., Davis, M. G., Robinson, T. N., Stone, E. J., McKenzie, T. L. and Young, J. C. (2006). Promoting physical activity in children and youth: A leadership role for schools: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism (Physical Activity Committee) in collaboration with the Councils on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young and Cardiovascular Nursing. Circulation 114:1214.
  • Patel, B. P., Bellissimo, N., Thomas, S. G., Hamilton, J. K. and Anderson, G. H. (2011). Television viewing at mealtime reduces caloric compensation in peripubertal, but not postpubertal, girls. Pediatr. Res. 70:513.
  • Pearson, N. and Biddle, S. J. (2011). Sedentary behavior and dietary intake in children, adolescents, and adults. A systematic review. Am. J Prev. Med. 41:178.
  • Perez-Escamilla, R., Obbagy, J. E., Altman, J. M., Essery, E. V., McGrane, M. M., Wong, Y. P., Spahn, J. M. and Williams, C. L. (2012). Dietary energy density and body weight in adults and children: A systematic review. J. Acad. Nutr. Diet. 112:671.
  • Piernas, C. and Popkin, B. M. (2010). Snacking increased among U.S. adults between 1977 and 2006. J. Nutr. 140:325.
  • Pinto, B. M. and Marcus, B. H. (1995). A stages of change approach to understanding college students’ physical activity. J. Am. Coll. Health 44:27.
  • Popper, K. R. (1963). Science:Problems, Aims, Responsibilities. Fed. Proc. 22:961.
  • Poston, W. S., Haddock, C. K., Pinkston, M. M., Pace, P., Karakoc, N. D., Reeves, R. S. and Foreyt, J. P. (2005). Weight loss with meal replacement and meal replacement plus snacks: A randomized trial. Int. J Obes. (Lond) 29:1107.
  • Powell, L. M., Slater, S., Mirtcheva, D., Bao, Y. and Chaloupka, F. J. (2007). Food store availability and neighborhood characteristics in the United States. Prev. Med. 44:189.
  • Powell, C. A., Walker, S. P., Chang, S. M., Grantham-McGregor, S. M. (1998). Nutrition and education: A randomized trial of the effects of breakfast in rural primary school children. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 68:873.
  • Prochaska, J. O., DiClemente, C. C. and Norcross, J. C. (1992). In search of how people change. Applications to addictive behaviors. Am. Psychol. 47:1102.
  • Prochaska, J. O., Velicer, W. F., Rossi, J. S., Goldstein, M. G., Marcus, B. H., Rakowski, W., Fiore, C., Harlow, L. L., Redding, C. A. and Rosenbloom, D. (1994). Stages of change and decisional balance for 12 problem behaviors. Health Psychol. 13:39.
  • Protecting, promoting and supporting breast feeding. (1993). The special role of maternity services. Nurs. J. India 84:3.
  • Provencher, V., Begin, C., Gagnon-Girouard, M. P., Gagnon, H. C., Tremblay, A., Boivin, S. and Lemieux, S. (2007). Defined weight expectations in overweight women: Anthropometrical, psychological and eating behavioral correlates. Int. J. Obes. (Lond) 31:1731.
  • Quayle C. M. and Powers, R. B. (1979). The self-recording of weights and bites in the treatment of obesity. The Psycological Record 29:517.
  • Racette, S. B., Deusinger, S. S., Strube, M. J., Highstein, G. R. and Deusinger, R. H. (2008). Changes in weight and health behaviors from freshman through senior year of college. J. Nutr. Educ. Behav. 40:39.
  • Rahman, T., Cushing, R. A. and Jackson, R. J. (2011). Contributions of built environment to childhood obesity. Mt. Sinai J. Med. 78:49.
  • RANDHealth. (2013). PHRESH: Pittsburgh Hill/Homewood Research on Eating, Shopping, and Health. Available from http://www.rand.org/health/projects/phresh.html.
  • Reeves, G. M., Postolache, T. T. and Snitker, S. (2008). Childhood Obesity and Depression: Connection between these Growing Problems in Growing Children. Int. J. Child Health Hum. Dev. 1:103.
  • Rey-Lopez, J. P., Vicente-Rodriguez, G., Biosca, M. and Moreno, L. A. (2008). Sedentary behaviour and obesity development in children and adolescents. Nutr. Metab Cardiovasc. Dis. 18:242.
  • Rideout V, Foehr U, Roberts D. (2010). Generation M2: Media in the Lives of 8- to 18-Year-Olds. The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Menlo Park, CA. Available from http://kff.org/other/report/generation-m2-media-in-the-lives-of-8-to-18-year-olds/.
  • Riis, J., Grayson, H., Strobino, D., Ahmed, S. and Minkovitz, C. (2012). State School Policies and Youth Obesity. Maternal and Child Health 16:S111–S118.
  • Ritchie, L. D. (2012). Less frequent eating predicts greater BMI and waist circumference in female adolescents. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 95:290.
  • Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. (2013). Recommendations for Healthier Beverages. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Available from http://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/issue_briefs/2013/rwjf404852.
  • Rodriguez, G. and Moreno, L. A. (2006). Is dietary intake able to explain differences in body fatness in children and adolescents? Nutr. Metab Cardiovasc. Dis. 16:294.
  • Rolls, B. J., Bell, E. A. and Thorwart, M. L. (1999). Water incorporated into a food but not served with a food decreases energy intake in lean women. Am. J Clin. Nutr. 70:448.
  • Rolls, B. J., Ello-Martin, J. A. and Tohill, B. C. (2004). What can intervention studies tell us about the relationship between fruit and vegetable consumption and weight management? Nutr. Rev. 62:1.
  • Rolls, B. J., Kim, S. and Fedoroff, I. C. (1990). Effects of drinks sweetened with sucrose or aspartame on hunger, thirst and food intake in men. Physiol Behav. 48:19.
  • Rolls, B. J., Roe, L. S., Halverson, K. H. and Meengs, J. S. (2007). Using a smaller plate did not reduce energy intake at meals. Appetite 49:652.
  • Rolls, B. J., Roe, L. S. and Meengs, J. S. (2006). Reductions in portion size and energy density of foods are additive and lead to sustained decreases in energy intake. Am. J Clin. Nutr. 83:11.
  • Rolls, B. J., Roe, L. S. and Meengs, J. S. (2007). The effect of large portion sizes on energy intake is sustained for 11 days. Obesity (Silver. Spring) 15:1535.
  • Rolls, B. J., Roe, L. S. and Meengs, J. S. (2010). Portion size can be used strategically to increase vegetable consumption in adults. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 91:913.
  • Rolls, B. J., Wood, R. J., Rolls, E. T., Lind, H., Lind, W. and Ledingham, J. G. (1980). Thirst following water deprivation in humans. Am. J Physiol 239:R476–R482.
  • Romanczyk, R. G. (1974). Self-monitoring in the treatment of obesity: Parameters of reactivity. Behavior Therapy 5:531.
  • Rosado, J. L., del, R. A., Montemayor, K., Garcia, O. P. and Caamano, M. C. 2008. An increase of cereal intake as an approach to weight reduction in children is effective only when accompanied by nutrition education: A randomized controlled trial. Nutr. J. 7:28.
  • Rosenberg, L., Palmer, J. R., Wise, L. A., Horton, N. J., Kumanyika, S. K., Adams-Campbell, L. L. (2003). A prospective study of the effect of childbearing on weight gain in African-American women. Obes. Res. 11:1526.
  • Rzehak, P., Meisinger, C., Woelke, G., Brasche, S., Strube, G. and Heinrich, J. (2007). Weight change, weight cycling and mortality in the ERFORT Male Cohort Study. Eur. J Epidemiol. 22:665.
  • Saadeh, M. R. (2003). A new global strategy for infant and young child feeding. Forum Nutr. 56:236.
  • Saadeh, R. J. (2012). The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative 20 years on: Facts, progress, and the way forward. J Hum. Lact. 28:272.
  • Saguy, A. C. and Riley, K. W. (2005). Weighing both sides: Morality, mortality, and framing contests over obesity. J. Health Polit. Policy Law 30:869.
  • Salge Blake, J. (2010). Want to trim your waist? Try eating breakfast. Eatright.org. 5-10-2012. Available from http://www.bu.edu/professorvoices/2011/01/31/from-joan-salge-blake-4/.
  • Sallis, J. F., Cervero, R. B., Ascher, W., Henderson, K. A., Kraft, M. K. and Kerr, J. (2006). An ecological approach to creating active living communities. Annu. Rev. Public Health 27:297.
  • Sallis, J. F. and McKenzie, T. L. (1991). Physical education's role in public health. Res Q Exerc Sport 62:124.
  • Sallis, J. F., McKenzie, T. L., Alcaraz, J. E., Kolody, B., Faucette, N. and Hovell, M. F. (1997). The effects of a 2-year physical education program (SPARK) on physical activity and fitness in elementary school students. Am J Public Health 87:1328.
  • Sallis, J. F., McKenzie, T. L., Alcarez, J. E., Kolody, B., Hovell, M. F. and Nader, P. R. (1993). Project SPARK. Effects of physical education on adiposity in children. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 699:127–136.
  • Sawbridge, D. T. and Fitzgerald, R. (2009). ‘Lazy, slothful and indolent’: Medical and social perceptions of obesity in Europe to the eighteenth century. Vesalius. 15:59.
  • Schlundt, D. G., Hill, J. O., Sbrocco, T., Pope-Cordle, J. and Sharp, T. (1992). The role of breakfast in the treatment of obesity: A randomized clinical trial. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 55:645.
  • Schmidt, M. E., Haines, J., O’Brien, A., McDonald, J., Price, S., Sherry, B. and Taveras, E. M. (2012). Systematic review of effective strategies for reducing screen time among young children. Obesity (Silver. Spring) 20:1338.
  • Schoenborn, C. A., Adams, P. F. and Barnes, P. M. (2002). Body weight status of adults: United States, 1997-98. Adv. Data. September 6(330)1–15.
  • Schuna, C. (2011). Why not to eat after 7 P.M. Livestrong. Available from http://www.livestrong.com/article/482737-why-not-to-eat-after-7-p-m/.
  • Schusdziarra, V., Hausmann, M., Wittke, C., Mittermeier, J., Kellner, M., Naumann, A., Wagenpfeil, S. and Erdmann, J. (2011). Impact of breakfast on daily energy intake–an analysis of absolute versus relative breakfast calories. Nutr. J. 10:5.
  • Sciamanna, C. N., Kiernan, M., Rolls, B. J., Boan, J., Stuckey, H., Kephart, D., Miller, C. K., Jensen, G., Hartmann, T. J., Loken, E., Hwang, K. O., Williams, R. J., Clark, M. A., Schubart, J. R., Nezu, A. M., Lehman, E. and Dellasega, C. (2011). Practices associated with weight loss versus weight-loss maintenance results of a national survey. Am. J Prev. Med. 41:159.
  • Seals, J. G. (2007). Integrating the transtheoretical model into the management of overweight and obese adults. J. Am. Acad. Nurse Pract. 19:63.
  • Sen, B. (2006). Frequency of family dinner and adolescent body weight status: Evidence from the national longitudinal survey of youth, 1997. Obesity (Silver. Spring) 14:2266.
  • Sen, B. (2010). The relationship between frequency of family dinner and adolescent problem behaviors after adjusting for other family characteristics. J. Adolesc. 33:187.
  • Shah, M., Schroeder, R., Winn, W., Adams-Huet, B. (2011). A pilot study to investigate the effect of plate size on meal energy intake in normal weight and overweight/obese women. J. Hum. Nutr. Diet 24:612.
  • Sinpetru, L. (2013). Drinking Water Promotes Weight Loss. Softpedia. Available from http://news.softpedia.com/news/Drinking-Water-Promotes-Weight-Loss-365926.shtml.
  • Smith, K. R., Brown, B. B., Yamada, I., Kowaleski-Jones, L., Zick, C. D. and Fan, J. X. (2008). Walkability and body mass index density, design, and new diversity measures. Am. J. Prev. Med. 35:237.
  • Snyderman, N. (2009). You Can Eat After 8 P.M. Available from http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1896439_1896359_1896345,00.html.
  • Sollerhed, A. C. and Ejlertsson, G. (2008). Physical benefits of expanded physical education in primary school: Findings from a 3-year intervention study in Sweden. J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness 18:102.
  • Speakman, J. R., Djafarian, K., Stewart, J. and Jackson, D. M. (2007). Assortative mating for obesity. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 86:316.
  • Spear, B. A., Barlow, S. E., Ervin, C., Ludwig, D. S., Saelens, B. E., Schetzina, K. E. and Taveras, E. M. (2007). Recommendations for treatment of child and adolescent overweight and obesity. Pediatrics 120(Suppl 4):S254–S288.
  • Steenhuis, I. H. and Vermeer, W. M. (2009). Portion size: Review and framework for interventions. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. 6:58.
  • Steinberg, D. M., Tate, D. F., Bennett, G. G., Ennett, S., Samuel-Hodge, C. and Ward, D. S. (2013). The efficacy of a daily self-weighing weight loss intervention using smart scales and e-mail. Obesity. (Silver. Spring) 21:1789.
  • Stern, J. S., Hirsch, J., Blair, S. N., Foreyt, J. P., Frank, A., Kumanyika, S. K., Madans, J. H., Marlatt, G. A., St Jeor, S. T. and Stunkard, A. J. (1995). Weighing the options: Criteria for evaluating weight-management programs. The Committee to Develop Criteria for Evaluating the Outcomes of Approaches to Prevent and Treat Obesity. Obes. Res. 3:591.
  • Stevens, V. L., Jacobs, E. J., Sun, J., Patel, A. V., McCullough, M. L., Teras, L. R. and Gapstur, S. M. (2012). Weight cycling and mortality in a large prospective US study. Am. J Epidemiol. 175:785.
  • Stice, E., Shaw, H. and Marti, C. N. (2006). A meta-analytic Review of obesity prevention programs for children and adolescents: The skinny on interventions that work. Psychol. Bulletin 132:667.
  • Stookey, J. D., Constant, F., Popkin, B. M. and Gardner, C. D. (2008). Drinking water is associated with weight loss in overweight dieting women independent of diet and activity. Obesity (Silver. Spring) 16:2481.
  • Story, M., Hannan, P. J., Fulkerson, J. A., Rock, B. H., Smyth, M., Arcan, C. and Himes, J. H. (2012). Bright Start: Description and main outcomes from a group-randomized obesity prevention trial in American Indian children. Obesity. (Silver. Spring) 20:2241.
  • Strimas, R. and Dionne, M. M. (2010), Differential effects of self-weighing in restrained and unrestrained eaters. Personal. Individual Differences 49:1011.
  • Stuart, R. (1967). Behavioral control of overeating. Behavior Res. Ther. 5:357–365.
  • Svendsen, M., Blomhoff, R., Holme, I. and Tonstad, S. (2007). The effect of an increased intake of vegetables and fruit on weight loss, blood pressure and antioxidant defense in subjects with sleep related breathing disorders. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 61:1301.
  • Swinburn, B., Sacks, G. and Ravussin, E. (2009). Increased food energy supply is more than sufficient to explain the US epidemic of obesity. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 90:1453.
  • Symonds, M. E., Sebert, S. and Budge, H. (2011). The obesity epidemic: From the environment to epigenetics - not simply a response to dietary manipulation in a thermoneutral environment. Front Genet. 2:24.
  • Taft, W. (2013). Eat At Least 3 Hours Before Going to Sleep. WillTaft.com. Available from http://willtaft.com/eat-at-least-3-hours-before-going-to-sleep/.
  • Taing, K. Y., Ardern, C. I. and Kuk, J. L. (2012). Effect of the timing of weight cycling during adulthood on mortality risk in overweight and obese postmenopausal women. Obesity (Silver. Spring) 20:407.
  • Takahashi, E., Yoshida, K., Sugimori, H., Miyakawa, M., Izuno, T., Yamagami, T. and Kagamimori, S. (1999). Influence factors on the development of obesity in 3-year-old children based on the Toyama study. Prev. Med. 28:293.
  • Tanumihardjo, S. A., Valentine, A. R., Zhang, Z., Whigham, L. D., Lai, H. J. and Atkinson, R. L. (2009). Strategies to increase vegetable or reduce energy and fat intake induce weight loss in adults. Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood.) 234:542.
  • Tapsell, L. C., Batterham, M. J., Thorne, R. L., O’Shea, J. E., Grafenauer, S. J. and Probst, Y. C. (2014). Weight loss effects from vegetable intake: A 12-month randomised controlled trial. Eur. J Clin. Nutr.
  • Tapsell, L. C., Dunning, A., Warensjo, E., Lyons-Wall, P. and Dehlsen, K. (2014). Effects of vegetable consumption on weight loss: A review of the evidence with implications for design of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 54:1529.
  • Tate, D. F., Turner-McGrievy, G., Lyons, E., Stevens, J., Erickson, K., Polzien, K., Diamond, M., Wang, X. and Popkin, B. (2012). Replacing caloric beverages with water or diet beverages for weight loss in adults: Main results of the Choose Healthy Options Consciously Everyday (CHOICE) randomized clinical trial. Am. J Clin. Nutr. 95:555.
  • Taveras, E. M., McDonald, J., O’Brien, A., Haines, J., Sherry, B., Bottino, C. J., Troncoso, K., Schmidt, M. E. and Koziol, R. (2012). Healthy Habits, Happy Homes: Methods and baseline data of a randomized controlled trial to improve household routines for obesity prevention. Prev. Med. 55:418.
  • Taveras, E. M., Rifas-Shiman, S. L., Berkey, C. S., Rockett, H. R., Field, A. E., Frazier, A. L., Colditz, G. A. and Gillman, M. W. (2005). Family dinner and adolescent overweight. Obes. Res. 13:900.
  • Teixeira, P. J., Going, S. B., Houtkooper, L. B., Cussler, E. C., Martin, C. J., Metcalfe, L. L., Finkenthal, N. R., Blew, R. M., Sardinha, L. B. and Lohman, T. G. (2002). Weight loss readiness in middle-aged women: Psychosocial predictors of success for behavioral weight reduction. J. Behav. Med. 25:499.
  • Teixeira, P. J., Palmeira, A. L., Branco, T. L., Martins, S. S., Minderico, C. S., Barata, J. T., Silva, A. M. and Sardinha, L. B. (2004). Who will lose weight? A reexamination of predictors of weight loss in women. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. 1:12.
  • Teixeira, P. J., Silva, M. N., Mata, J., Palmeira, A. L. and Markland, D. (2012). Motivation, self-determination, and long-term weight control. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. 9:22.
  • Temple, J. L., Giacomelli, A. M., Kent, K. M., Roemmich, J. N. and Epstein, L. H. (2007). Television watching increases motivated responding for food and energy intake in children. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 85:355.
  • te Velde, S. J., van, N. F., Uijtdewilligen, L., van Stralen, M. M., Cardon, G., De, C. M., Manios, Y., Brug, J. and Chinapaw, M. J. (2012). Energy balance-related behaviours associated with overweight and obesity in preschool children: A systematic review of prospective studies. Obes. Rev. 13(Suppl 1):56.
  • Tey, S. L., Brown, R., Gray, A., Chisholm, A. and Delahunty, C. (2011). Nuts improve diet quality compared to other energy-dense snacks while maintaining body weight. J Nutr. Metab 2011:357350.
  • Tohill, B. C., Seymour, J., Serdula, M., Kettel-Khan, L. and Rolls, B. J. (2004). What epidemiologic studies tell us about the relationship between fruit and vegetable consumption and body weight. Nutr. Rev. 62:365.
  • Toth-Capelli, K. M., Brawer, R., Plumb, J. and Daskalakis, C. (2013). Stage of change and other predictors of participant retention in a behavioral weight management program in primary care. Health Promot. Pract. 14:441.
  • Toubro, S. and Astrup, A. (1997). Randomised comparison of diets for maintaining obese subjects’ weight after major weight loss: ad lib, low fat, high carbohydrate diet v fixed energy intake. BMJ 314:29.
  • Tremblay, A. and Chaput, J. P. (2012). Obesity: The allostatic load of weight loss dieting. Physiol Behav. 106:16.
  • Trotter, K. (2012). Why You Shouldn't Weigh Yourself Daily. Huffington Post. Available from http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/kathleen-trotter/losing-weight-weighing-yourself_b_2235153.html.
  • Tsai, J. Y., Villegas-Montoya, C., Boland, B. B., Blasier, Z., Egbejimi, O., Gonzalez, R., Kueht, M., McElfresh, T. A., Brewer, R. A., Chandler, M. P., Bray, M. S. and Young, M. E. (2013). Influence of dark phase restricted high fat feeding on myocardial adaptation in mice. J Mol. Cell Cardiol. 55:147.
  • Tuah, N. A., Amiel, C., Qureshi, S., Car, J., Kaur, B. and Majeed, A. (2011). Transtheoretical model for dietary and physical exercise modification in weight loss management for overweight and obese adults. Cochrane. Database. Syst. Rev. CD008066.
  • United States Department of Agriculture. (1995). Nutrition and Your Health: Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Taylor & Francis, 4th ed. Washinton DC.
  • United States Department of Agriculture. (2013). The Food Access Research Atlas. Taylor & Francis. Available from http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/food-access-research-atlas.aspx.
  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2000). Healthy People 2010, 2nd ed., Taylor & Francis, Washington, D.C.
  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2008). Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Report, 2008. Taylor & Francis, Washington, DC.
  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2010). The Surgeon General's Vision for a Healthy and Fit Nation, Taylor & Francis, Washington, D.C.
  • US DHHS. (2012). Snacks-100 Calories or Less. WeCan. Available from http://www.eatwellmd.org/docs/Public%20Policy/hundredcalories.pdf.
  • U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2012) FDA approves Belviq to treat some overweight or obese adults. 7-17-2013. Available from http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm309993.htm.
  • Vander Wal, J. S. (2012). Night eating syndrome: A critical review of the literature. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 32:49.
  • Vander Wal, J. S., Waller, S. M., Klurfeld, D. M., McBurney, M. I., Cho, S., Kapila, M. and Dhurandhar, N. V. (2006). Effect of a post-dinner snack and partial meal replacement program on weight loss. Int. J Food Sci. Nutr. 57:97.
  • Van Walleghen, E. L., Orr, J. S., Gentile, C. L. and Davy, B. M. (2007). Pre-meal water consumption reduces meal energy intake in older but not younger subjects. Obesity (Silver. Spring) 15:93.
  • VanWormer, J. J., Linde, J. A., Harnack, L. J., Stovitz, S. D. and Jeffery, R. W. (2012). Self-weighing frequency is associated with weight gain prevention over 2 years among working adults. Int. J. Behav. Med. 19:351.
  • Vergnaud, A. C., Norat, T., Romaguera, D., Mouw, T., May, A. M., Romieu, I., Freisling, H., Slimani, N., Boutron-Ruault, M. C., Clavel-Chapelon, F., Morois, S., Kaaks, R., Teucher, B., Boeing, H., Buijsse, B., Tjonneland, A., Halkjaer, J., Overvad, K., Jakobsen, M. U., Rodriguez, L., Agudo, A., Sanchez, M. J., Amiano, P., Huerta, J. M., Gurrea, A. B., Wareham, N., Khaw, K. T., Crowe, F., Orfanos, P., Naska, A., Trichopoulou, A., Masala, G., Pala, V., Tumino, R., Sacerdote, C., Mattiello, A., Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B., van Duijnhoven, F. J., Drake, I., Wirfalt, E., Johansson, I., Hallmans, G., Engeset, D., Braaten, T., Parr, C. L., Odysseos, A., Riboli, E. and Peeters, P. H. (2012). Fruit and vegetable consumption and prospective weight change in participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Physical Activity, Nutrition, Alcohol, Cessation of Smoking, Eating Out of Home, and Obesity study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 95:184.
  • ver Ploeg, M., Breneman, V., Farrigan, T., Hopkins, D., Biing-Hwan, L., Nord, M., Smith, T. A., Williams, R., Kinnison, K., Olander, C., Singh, A. and Tuckermanty, E. (2012). Access to Affordable and Nutritious Food: Measuring and Understanding Food Desserts and their Consequences: Report to Congress. Taylor & Francis. Available from: Access to Affordable and Nutrition Food-Measuring and Understanding Food Desers and their Consequences.
  • Virtue, S. and Vidal-Puig, A. (2010). Adipose tissue expandability, lipotoxicity and the Metabolic Syndrome–an allostatic perspective. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1801:338.
  • Viskaal-van, D. M., Kok, F. J. and de, G. C. (2010). Effects of snack consumption for 8 weeks on energy intake and body weight. Int. J Obes. (Lond) 34:319.
  • Voss, G. (2012). Break the dangerous cycle of yo-yo dieting. MSNBC Today Health. Available from http://www.today.com/id/36462134/ns/today-today_health/t/break-dangerous-cycle-yo-yo-dieting/#.VFzxhvnF8s8.
  • Wadden, T. A. (1993). Treatment of obesity by moderate and severe caloric restriction. Results of clinical research trials. Ann. Intern. Med. 119:688.
  • Wadden, T. A., Foster, G. D. and Letizia, K. A. (1994). One-year behavioral treatment of obesity: Comparison of moderate and severe caloric restriction and the effects of weight maintenance therapy. J. Consult Clin. Psychol. 62:165.
  • Wahi, G., Parkin, P. C., Beyene, J., Uleryk, E. M. and Birken, C. S. (2011). Effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing screen time in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. 165:979.
  • Waller, S. M., Vander Wal, J. S., Klurfeld, D. M., McBurney, M. I., Cho, S., Bijlani, S. and Dhurandhar, N. V. (2004). Evening ready-to-eat cereal consumption contributes to weight management. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 23:316.
  • Walther, C., Mende, M., Gaede, L., Muller, U., Machalica, K. and Schuler, G. (2011). Effects of daily physical exercise at school on cardiovascular risk–results of a 2-year cluster-randomized study. Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. 136:2348.
  • Wang, Y. and Beydoun, M. A. (2007). The obesity epidemic in the United States–gender, age, socioeconomic, racial/ethnic, and geographic characteristics: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Epidemiol. Rev. 29:6.
  • Wang, J. B., Patterson, R. E., Ang, A., Emond, J. A., Shetty, N. and Arab, L. (2013). Timing of energy intake during the day is associated with the risk of obesity in adults. J. Hum. Nutr. Diet. 27:255-262
  • Wansink, B., Payne, C. R. and Shimizu, M. (2011). The 100-calorie semi-solution: Sub-packaging most reduces intake among the heaviest. Obesity (Silver. Spring) 19:1098.
  • Wansink, B., van, I. K. and Painter, J. E. (2006). Ice cream illusions bowls, spoons, and self-served portion sizes. Am. J Prev. Med. 31:240.
  • Wansink, B., van, I. K. and Payne, C. R. (2013). Larger bowl size increases the amount of cereal children request, consume, and waste. J Pediatr. 164:323–326.
  • WebMD. (2012). Snacking Into Obesity. WebMD. Available from http://www.webmd.com/diet/videos-slideshows-weight-loss.
  • Wechsler, H., Molnar, B. E., Davenport, A. E. and Baer, J. S. (1999). College alcohol use: A full or empty glass? J. Am. Coll. Health 47:247.
  • Wee, C. C., Davis, R. B. and Phillips, R. S. (2005). Stage of readiness to control weight and adopt weight control behaviors in primary care. J. Gen. Intern. Med. 20:410.
  • Weiss, E. C., Galuska, D. A., Kettel, K. L., Gillespie, C. and Serdula, M. K. (2007). Weight regain in U.S. adults who experienced substantial weight loss, 1999–2002. Am. J. Prev. Med. 33:34.
  • Weng, H. H., Bastian, L. A., Taylor, D. H., Jr., Moser, B. K. and Ostbye, T. (2004). Number of children associated with obesity in middle-aged women and men: Results from the health and retirement study. J. Womens Health (Larchmt.) 13:85.
  • Whitney, E, Rolfes, S. (2011). Understanding Nutrition. Taylor & Francis.
  • Whitney, W. D. (1906). The Century dictionary and cyclopedia, Century Company, New York, p. 379.
  • Whybrow, S., Harrison, C. L., Mayer, C. and James, S. R. (2006). Effects of added fruits and vegetables on dietary intakes and body weight in Scottish adults. Br. J. Nutr. 95:496.
  • Williams, G. C., Grow, V. M., Freedman, Z. R., Ryan, R. M. and Deci, E. L. (1996). Motivational predictors of weight loss and weight-loss maintenance. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 70:115.
  • Williamson, D. A., Champagne, C. M., Harsha, D. W., Han, H., Martin, C. K., Newton, R. L., Jr., Sothern, M. S., Stewart, T. M., Webber, L. S. and Ryan, D. H. (2012). Effect of an environmental school-based obesity prevention program on changes in body fat and body weight: A randomized trial. Obesity. (Silver. Spring) 20:1653.
  • Wing, R. R., Tate, D. F., Gorin, A. A., Raynor, H. A. and Fava, J. L. (2006). A self-regulation program for maintenance of weight loss. N. Engl. J. Med. 355:1563.
  • Women Fitness. (2013). Eating late and fast: Contributing factors in obesity. WomenFitness.net. Available from http://www.womenfitness.net/eating_late_and_fast_contributing_factors_in_obesity.htm.
  • World Health Organization. (2002). Promoting fruit and vegetable consumption around the world. Available from http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/fruit/en/index2.html.
  • Wrigley, N., Warm, D. and Margetts, B. (2003). Deprivation, diet, and food-retail access: Findings from the Leeds ‘food deserts’ study. Environ. Planning A. 35:151.
  • Wyatt, H. R., Grunwald, G. K., Mosca, C. L., Klem, M. L., Wing, R. R. and Hill, J. O. (2002). Long-term weight loss and breakfast in subjects in the National Weight Control Registry. Obes. Res. 10:78.
  • Zaveri, S. and Drummond, S. (2009). The effect of including a conventional snack (cereal bar) and a nonconventional snack (almonds) on hunger, eating frequency, dietary intake and body weight. J. Hum. Nutr. Diet 22:461.
  • Zenk, S. N., Schulz, A. J., Israel, B. A., James, S. A., Bao, S. and Wilson, M. L. (2005). Neighborhood racial composition, neighborhood poverty, and the spatial accessibility of supermarkets in metropolitan Detroit. Am. J. Public Health 95:660.
  • Zeratsky, K. (2011). Why does eating a healthy breakfast help control weight? Mayo Clinic. 5-10-2012. Available from http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-living/weight-loss/expert-answers/food-and-nutrition/faq-20058449.
  • Zizza, C., Siega-Riz, A. M. and Popkin, B. M. (2001). Significant increase in young adults’ snacking between 1977-1978 and 1994-1996 represents a cause for concern! Prev. Med. 32:303.
  • Zlatevska, N., Dubelaar, C. and Holden, S. S. (2014). Increasing serving size increases amount consumed: Catch-22. J. Marketing In press.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.