1,237
Views
57
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Chemopreventive role of food-derived proteins and peptides: A review

&

References

  • Aachary, A. P. and Thiyam, U. (2012). A pursuit of the functional, nutritional and bioactive properties of canola proteins and peptides. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 52:965–979.
  • Akin, O., Temelli, F. and Köseoğlu, S. (2012). Membrane applications in functional foods and nutraceuticals. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 52:347–371.
  • Alashi, A. M., Blanchard, C. L., Mailer, R. J. and Agboola, S. O. (2013). Technological and bioactive functionalities of canola meal proteins and hydrolysates. Food Rev. Int. 29:231–260.
  • Alemán, A., Perez-Santin, E., Bordenave-Juchereau, S., Arnaudin, I., Gomez-Guillen, M., and Montero, P. (2011). Squid gelatin hydrolysates with antihypertensive, anticancer and antioxidant activity. Food Res. Int. 44:1044–1051.
  • Amin, A. R., Paul, R. K., Thakur, V. S. and Agarwal, M. L. (2007). A novel role for p73 in the regulation of Akt-Foxo1a-Bim signaling and apoptosis induced by the plant lectin, Concanavalin A. Cancer Res. 67:5617–5621.
  • Anand, P., Kunnumakkara, A. B., Kunnumakara, A. B., Sundaram, C., Harikumar, K. B., Tharakan, S. T., Lai, O. S., Sung, B. and Aggarwal, B. B. (2008). Cancer is a preventable disease that requires major lifestyle changes. Pharm. Res. 25:2097–2116.
  • Andavan, G. and Lemmens-Gruber, R. (2010). Cyclodepsipeptides from marine sponges: Natural agents for drug research. Mar. Drugs 8:810–834.
  • Andrianasolo, E. H., Goeger, D. and Gerwick, W. H. (2007). Mitsoamide: A cytotoxic linear lipopeptide from the Madagascar marine cyanobacterium Geitlerinema sp. Pure Appl. Chem. 79:593–602.
  • Aneiros, A. and Garateix, A. (2004). Bioactive peptides from marine sources: Pharmacological properties and isolation procedures. J. Chromatogr. B Anal. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. 803:41–53.
  • Araki, T., Matsunaga, S., Nakao, Y., Furihata, K., West, L., Faulkner, D. J. and Fusetani, N. (2008). Koshikamide B, a cytotoxic peptide lactone from a marine sponge Theonella sp. J. Org. Chem. 73:7889–7894.
  • Armstrong, W. B., Kennedy, A. R., Wan, X. S., Atiba, J., McLaren, E. and Meyskens, F. L. (2000). Single-dose administration of Bowman-Birk inhibitor concentrate in patients with oral leukoplakia. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 9:43–47.
  • Armstrong, W. B., Wan, X. S., Kennedy, A. R., Taylor, T. H. and Meyskens, F. L. (2003). Development of the Bowman-Birk inhibitor for oral cancer chemoprevention and analysis of neu immunohistochemical staining intensity with Bowman-Birk inhibitor concentrate treatment. Laryngoscope. 113:1687–1702.
  • Aydemir, L. Y., Gökbulut, A. A., Baran, Y. and Yemenicioglu, A. (2014). Bioactive, functional and edible film-forming properties of isolated hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) meal proteins. Food Hydrocoll. 36:130–142.
  • Azuma, N., Suda, H., Iwasaki, H., Yamagata, N., Saeki, T., Kanamoto, R. and Iwami, K. (2000). Antitumorigenic effects of several food proteins in a rat model with colon cancer and their reverse correlation with plasma bile acid concentration. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. 46:91–96.
  • Bagaria, A., Surendranath, K., Ramagopal, U. A., Ramakumar, S. and Karande, A. A. (2006). Structure–function analysis and insights into the reduced toxicity of Abrus precatorius agglutinin I in relation to abrin. J. Biol. Chem. 281:34465–34474.
  • Bantel, H., Engels, I. H., Voelter, W., Schulze-Osthoff, K. and Wesselborg, S. (1999). Mistletoe lectin activates caspase-8/FLICE independently of death receptor signaling and enhances anticancer drug-induced apoptosis. Cancer Res. 59:2083–2090.
  • Barnes, S. and Kim, H. (2004). Nutriproteomics: Identifying the molecular targets of nutritive and non-nutritive components of the diet. J. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 37:59–74.
  • Barrio, D. A. and Añón, M. C. (2010). Potential antitumor properties of a protein isolate obtained from the seeds of Amaranthus mantegazzianus. Eur. J. Nutr. 49:73–82.
  • Béliveau, R. and Gingras, D. (2007). Role of nutrition in preventing cancer. Can. Fam. Phys. 53:1905–1911.
  • Bhutia, S. K. and Maiti, T. K. (2008). Targeting tumors with peptides from natural sources. Trends Biotechnol. 26:210–217.
  • Bhutia, S. K., Mallick, S. K. and Maiti, T. K. (2009). In vitro immunostimulatory properties of Arbus lectins derived peptides in tumor bearing mice. Phytochemistry. 16:776–782.
  • Bidwell, G. L. and Raucher, D. (2009). Therapeutic peptides for cancer therapy. Part I—Peptide inhibitors of signal transduction cascades. Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. 6:1033–1047.
  • Billings, P. C., Newberne, P. M. and Kennedy, A. R. (1990). Protease inhibitor suppression of colon and anal gland carcinogenesis induced by dimethylhydrazine. Carcinogenesis. 11:1083–1086.
  • Blunden, G. (2001). Biologically active compounds from marine organisms. Phytoter. Res. 15:89–94.
  • Bora, N., Gadadhar, S. and Karande, A. A. (2010). Signaling different pathways of cell death: Abrin induced programmed necrosis in U266B1 cells. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 42:1993–2003.
  • Brinkmann, C. R., Thiel, S. and Otzen, D. E. (2013). Protein–fatty acid complexes: Biochemistry, biophysics and function. FEBS J. 280:1733–1749.
  • Caccialupi, P., Ceci, L. R., Siciliano, R. A., Pignone, D., Clemente, A. and Sonnante, G. (2010). Bowman-Birk inhibitors in lentil: Heterologous expression, functional characterization and anti-proliferative properties in human colon cancer cells. Food Chem. 120:1058–1066.
  • Carli, A. P., Vieira, P. M. A., Santos Silva, K. T., Guerra de Sá Cota, R., Martins Carneiro, C., Castro-Borges, W. and Guerra de Andrade, M. H. (2012). Bowman-Birk inhibitors, proteasome peptidase activities and colorectal pre neoplasias induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in Swiss mice. Food Chem. Toxicol. 50:1405–1412.
  • Carroll, A., Bowden, B., Coll, J., Hockless, D., Skelton, B. and White, A. (1994). Studies of Australian ascidians. Mollamide, a cytotoxic cyclic heptapeptide from the compound ascidian Didemnum molle. Aust. J. Chem. 47:61–69.
  • Carroll, A. R., Feng, Y., Bowden, B. F. and Coll, J. C. (1996). Studies of Australian ascidians. 5. Virenamides A–C, new cytotoxic linear peptides from the colonial didemnid ascidian Diplosoma virens. J. Org. Chem. 61:4059–4061.
  • Chan, Y. S., Zhang, Y. and Ng, T. B. (2013). Brown kidney bean Bowman–Birk trypsin inhibitor is heat and pH stable and exhibits anti-proliferative activity. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 169:1306–1314.
  • Chang, H.-C., Lewis, D., Tung, C.-Y., Han, L., Henriquez, S. M. P., Voiles, L., Lupov, I. P., Pelloso, D., Sinn, A. L., Pollok, K. E., de Lumen, B. O., Li, F., Blum, J. S., Srivastava, S. and Robertson, M. J. (2014). Soypeptide lunasin in cytokine immunotherapy for lymphoma. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 63:283–295.
  • Chen, J., Liu, B., Ji, N., Zhou, J., Bian, H. J., Li, C. Y., Chen, F. and Bao, J. K. (2009c). A novel sialic acid-specific lectin from Phaseolus coccineus seeds with potent antineoplastic and antifungal activities. Phytomedicine. 16:352–360.
  • Chen, J.-Y., Lin, W.-J. and Lin, T.-L. (2009a). A fish antimicrobial peptide, tilapia hepcidin TH2-3, shows potent antitumor activity against human fibrosarcoma cells. Peptides. 30:1636–1642.
  • Chen, J.-Y., Lin, W.-J., Wu, J.-L., Her, G.-M. and Hui, C.-F. (2009b). Epinecidin-1 peptide induces apoptosis which enhances antitumor effects in human leukemia U937 cells. Peptides. 30:2365–2373.
  • Chen, Y. W., Huang, S. C., Lin-Shiau, S. Y. and Lin, J. K. (2005). Bowman-Birk inhibitor abates proteasome function and suppresses the proliferation of MCF7 breast cancer cells through accumulation of MAP kinase phosphatase-1. Carcinogenesis. 26:1296–1306.
  • Cheung, A. H., Wong, J. H. and Ng, T. B. (2009). Musa acuminata (Del Monte banana) lectin is a fructose-binding lectin with cytokine-inducing activity. Phytomedicine. 16:594–600.
  • Cioca, D. P. and Kitano, K. (2002). Induction of apoptosis and CD10/neutral endopeptidase expression by jaspamide in HL-60 line cells. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 59:1377–1387.
  • Clemente, A. and Arqués, M. C. (2014). Bowman-Birk inhibitors from legumes as colorectal chemopreventive agents. World J. Gastroenterol. 20:10305–10315.
  • Clemente, A., Gee, J. M., Johnson, I. T., MacKenzie, D. A. and Domoney, C. (2005). Pea (Pisum sativum L.) protease inhibitors from the Bowman–Birk class influence the growth of human colorectal adenocarcinoma HT29 cells in vitro. J. Agric. Food Chem. 53:8979–8986.
  • Clemente, A., Marín-Manzano, M. C., Jiménez, E., Arques, M. C. and Domoney, C. (2012). The anti-proliferative effect of TI1B, a major Bowman-Birk isoinhibitor from pea (Pisum sativum L.), on HT29 colon cancer cells is mediated through protease inhibition. Br. J. Nutr. 108:S135–S144.
  • Clemente, A., Moreno, F. J., Marín-Manzano, M. C., Jiménez, E. and Domoney, C. (2010). The cytotoxic effect of Bowman-Birk isoinhibitors, IBB1 and IBBD2, from soybean (Glycine max) on HT29 human colorectal cancer cells is related to their intrinsic ability to inhibit serine proteases. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 54:396–405.
  • Clemente, A., Sonnante, G. and Domoney, C. (2011). Bowman-Birk inhibitors from legumes and human gastrointestinal health: Current status and perspectives. Curr. Prot. Pept. Sci. 12:358–373.
  • Coleman, J. E., Silva, E. D. D., Kong, F., Andersen, R. J. and Allen, T. M. (1995). Cytotoxic peptides from the marine sponge Cymbastela sp. Tetrahedron. 51:10653–10662.
  • Crampton, S. L., Adams, E. G., Kuentzel, S. L., Li, L. H., Badiner, G. and Bhuyan, B. K. (1984). Biochemical and cellular effects of Didemnins-A and Didemnins-B. Cancer Res. 44:1796–1801.
  • Crews, P., Farias, J. J., Emrich, R. and Keifer, P. A. (1994). Milnamide A, an unusual cytotoxic tripeptide from the marine sponge Auletta cf. constricta. J. Org. Chem. 59:2932–2934.
  • Cruz-Monserrate, Z., Mullaney, J., Harran, P., Pettit, G. R. and Hamel, E. (2003). Dolastatin 15 binds in the Vinca domain of tubulin as demonstrated by hummel-dreyer chromatography. Eur. J. Biochem. 270:3822–3828.
  • Damiens, E., Yazidi, I., Mazurier, J., Duthile, I., Spik, G. and Boilly-Marer, Y. (1999). Lactoferrin inhibits G1 cyclin-dependent kinases during growth arrest of human breast carcinoma cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 74:486–498.
  • Das, S., Banerjee, S. and Gupta, J. D. (1992). Experimental evaluation of preventive and therapeutic potentials of lysozyme. Chemotherapy. 38:350–357.
  • Davis, C. D. and Milner, J. A. (2007). Molecular targets for nutritional preemption of cancer. Curr. Cancer Drug Tar. 7:410–415.
  • Davis, R. A., Mangalindan, G. C., Bojo, Z. P., Antemano, R. R., Rodriguez, N. O., Concepcion, G. P., Samson, S. C., de Guzman, D., Cruz, L. J., Tasdemir, D., Harper, M. K., Feng, X., Carter, G. T. and Ireland, C. M. (2004). Microcionamides A and B, bioactive peptides from the Philippine sponge Clathria (Thalysias) abietina. J. Org. Chem. 69:4170–4176.
  • de Majia, E. G., Bradford, T. and Hasler, C. (2003). The anticarcinogenic potential of soybean lectin and lunasin. Nutr. Rev. 61:239–246.
  • de Majia, E. G. and Dia, V. P. (2010). The role of nutraceutical proteins and peptides in apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis of cancer cells. Cancer Metast. Rev. 29:511–528.
  • de Majia, E. G. and Prisecaru, V. I. (2005). Lectins as bioactive plant proteins: A potential in cancer treatment. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 45:425–445.
  • de Majia, E. G., Wang, W. and Dia, V. P. (2010). Lunasin, with an arginine-glycine-aspartic acid motif, causes apoptosis to L1210 leukemia cells by activation of caspase-3. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 54:406–414.
  • Debowski, D. (2013). Natural proteinaceous inhibitors of serine proteases. Curr. Pharm. Des. 19:1068–1084.
  • Deng, M., Zhang, W., Tang, H., Ye, Q., Liao, Q., Zhou, Y., Wu, M., Xiong, W., Zheng, Y., Guo, X., Qin, Z., He, W., Zhou, M., Xiang, J., Li, X., Ma, J. and Li, G. (2013). Lactotransferrin acts as a tumor suppressor in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by repressing AKT through multiple mechanisms. Oncogene. 32:4273–4283.
  • Dia, V. P. and de Majia, E. G. (2010). Lunasin promotes apoptosis in human colon cancer cells by mitochondrial pathway activation and induction of nuclear clusterin expression. Cancer Lett. 295:44–53.
  • Dia, V. P. and de Majia, E. G. (2011a). Lunasin induces apoptosis and modifies the expression of genes associated with extracellular matrix and cell adhesion in human metastatic colon cancer cells. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 55:623–634.
  • Dia, V. P. and de Majia, E. G. (2011b). Lunasin potentiates the effect of oxaliplatin preventing outgrowth of colon cancer metastasis, binds to alpha(5)beta(1) integrin and suppresses FAK/ERK/NF-kappa B signaling. Cancer Lett. 313:167–180.
  • Dia, V. P. and de Majia, E. G. (2013). Mode of administration affected the capability of soybean-derived peptide lunasin to prevent metastasis of human colon cancer cells in a mouse model. FaseB J. 27: Meeting Abstract: 863.13.
  • Dittmann, K., Mayer, C., Kehbach, R. and Rodemann, H. P. (2008). The radioprotector Bowman-Birk proteinase inhibitor stimulates DNA repair via epidermal growth factor receptor phosphorylation and nuclear transport. Radiother. Oncol. 86:375–382.
  • Dittmann, K. H., Mayer, C. and Rodemann, H. P. (2003). Radioprotection of normal tissue to improve radiotherapy: The effect of the Bowman Birk protease inhibitor. Curr. Med. Chem. 3:360–363.
  • Du, X., Beloussow, K. and Shei, W. C. (2001). Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor and its palmitic acid conjugate prevent 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced transformation in cultured mouse mammary glands. Cancer Lett. 164:135–141.
  • Edler, M. C., Fernandez, A. M., Lassota, P., Ireland, C. M. and Barrows, L. R. (2002). Inhibition of tubulin polymerization by vitilevuamide, a bicyclic marine peptide, at a site distinct from colchicine, the Vinca alkaloids, and dolastatin 10. Biochem. Pharmacol. 63:707–715.
  • Eliassen, L. T., Berge, G., Leknessund, A., Wikman, M., Lindin, I., Løkke, C., Ponthan, F., Johnsen, J. I., Sveinbjørnsson, B., Kogner, P., Flaegstad, T. and Rekdal, Ø. (2006). The antimicrobial peptide, Lactoferricin B, is cytotoxic to neuroblastoma cells in vitro and inhibits xenograft growth in vivo. Int. J. Cancer. 119:493–500.
  • Eliassen, L. T., Berge, G., Sveinbjørnsson, B., Svendsen, J. S., Vorland, L. H. and Rekdal, Ø. (2002). Evidence for a direct antitumor mechanism of action of bovine lactoferricin. Anticancer Res. 22:2703–2710.
  • Esteller, M. and Herman, J. G. (2002). Cancer as an epigenetic disease: DNA methylation and chromatin alterations in human tumours. J. Pathol. 196:1–7.
  • Faircloth, G. T., Smith, B. and Grant, W. (2001). Selective antitumor activity of Kahalalide F, a marine-derived cyclic depsipeptide. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 42:1140.
  • Fang, E. F., Wong, J. H. and Ng, T. B. (2010). Thermostable Kunitz trypsin inhibitor with cytokine inducing, antitumor and HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activities from Korean large black soybeans. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 109:211–217.
  • Fast, J., Mossberg, A. K., Nilsson, H., Svanborg, C., Akke, M. and Linse, S. (2005). Compact oleic acid in HAMLET. FEBS Lett. 579:6095–6100.
  • Ferlay, J., Shin, H. R., Bray, F., Forman, D., Mathers, C. and Parkin, D. M. (2010). GLOBOCAN 2008, Cancer Incidence and Mortality Worldwide: IARC Cancer Base No. 10 [Internet]. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France. Available from http://globocan.iarc.fr
  • Fernandes, A. O. and Banerji, A. P. (1995). Inhibition of bezopyrene-induced forestomach tumors by field vean protease inhibitors. Carcinogenesis. 16:1843–1846.
  • Freitas, V., Rangel, M., Bisson, L., Jaeger, R. and Machado-Santelli, G. (2008). The geodiamolide H, derived from Brazilian sponge Geodia corticostylifera, regulates actin cytoskeleton, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells cultured in three-dimensional environment. J. Cell. Physiol. 216:583–594.
  • Fu, L. L., Zhou, C. C., Yao, S., Yu, J. Y., Liu, B. and Bao, J. K. (2011). Plant lectins: Targeting programmed cell death pathways as anti-tumor agents. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 43:1442–1449.
  • Fulda, S. and Debatin, K. M. (2006). Extrinsic versus intrinsic apoptosis pathways in anticancer chemotherapy. Oncogene. 25:4798–4811.
  • Furlong, S. J., Mader, J. S. and Hoskin, D. W. (2010). Bovine lactoferricin induces caspase-independent apoptosis in human B-lymphoma cells and extends the survival of immune-deficient mice bearing B-lymphoma xenografts. Exp. Mol. Pathol. 88:371–375.
  • Fusetani, N., Sugawara, T., Matsunaga, S. and Hirota, H. (1991). Orbiculamide A: A novel cytotoxic cyclic peptide from a marine sponge Theonella sp. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 113:7811–7812.
  • Galvez, A. F., Chen, N., Macasieb, J. and de Lumen, B. O. (2001). Chemopreventive property of a soybean peptide (Lunasin) that binds to deacetylated histones and inhibit acetylation. Cancer Res. 61:7473–7478.
  • Galvez, A. F. and de Lumen, B. O. (1999). A soybean cDNA encoding a chromatin binding peptide inhibits mitosis of mammalian cells. Nat. Biotechnol. 17:495–500.
  • Galvez, A. F., Liping, H., Magbanua, M. M. J., Dawson, K. and Rodríguez, R. L. (2011). Differential expression of thrombospondin (THBS1) in tumorigenic and nontumorigenic prostate epithelial cells in response to a chomatin-binding soy peptide. Nutr. Cancer 63:623–636.
  • Gamble, W. R., Durso, N. A., Fuller, R. W., Westergaard, C. K., Johnson, T. R., Sachkett, D. L., Hamel, E., Cardellina, J. H. and Boyd, M. R. (1999). Cytotoxic and tubulin-interative hemiasterlins from Auletta sp. and Siphonochalina spp. sponges. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 7:1611–1615.
  • García-Fernández, L. F., Losada, A., Alcaide, V., Alvarez, A. M., Cuadrado, A., González, L., Nakayama, K., Nakayama, K. I., Fernández-Sousa, J. M., Muñoz, A. and Sanchez-Puelles, J. M. (2002). Aplidine induces the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway via oxidative stress-mediated JNK and p38 activation and protein kinase C delta. Oncogene. 21:7533–7544.
  • Ghosh, D. and Maiti, T. K. (2007). Effects of native and heat denatured Arbus agglutinin on tumor-associated macrophages in Dalton's lymphoma mice. Immunobiology. 212:667–673.
  • Gutierrez, M., Suyama, T. L., Engene, N., Wingerd, J. S., Matainaho, T. and Gerwick, W. H. (2008). Apratoxin D, a potent cytotoxic cyclodepsipeptide from papua new guinea collections of the marine cyanobacteria Lyngbya majuscula and Lyngbya sordida. J. Nat. Prod. 71:1099–1103.
  • Hatzoglou, A., Bakogeorgou, E., Hatzoglou, C. M., Martin, P. and Castanas, E. (1996). Antiproliferative and receptor binding properties of α- and β-casomorphins in the T47D human breast cancer cell line. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 310:217–223.
  • Hernández-Ledesma, B., Hsieh, C.-C. and de Lumen, B. O. (2011). Relationship between lunasin's sequence and its inhibitory activity of histones H3 and H4 acetylation. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 55:989–998.
  • Ho, V. S. M. and Ng, T. B. (2008). A Bowman-Birk trypsin inhibitor with antiproliferative activity from Hokkaido large black soybeans. J. Pept. Sci. 14:278–282.
  • Hoessli, D. C. and Ahmad, I. (2008). Mistletoe lectins: Carbohydrate-specific apoptosis inducers and immunomodulators. Curr. Org. Chem. 12:918–925.
  • Hoskin, D. W. and Ramamoorthy, A. (2008). Studies on anticancer activities of antimicrobial peptides. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1778:357–375.
  • Hsieh, C.-C., Hernández-Ledesma, B. and de Lumen, B. O. (2010a). Complementary roles in cancer prevention: Protease inhibitor makes the cancer preventive peptide lunasin bioavailable. PLoS ONE 5:e8890.
  • Hsieh, C.-C., Hernández-Ledesma, B. and de Lumen, B. O. (2010b). Soybean peptide lunasin suppresses in vitro and in vivo 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced tumorigenesis. J. Food Sci. 75:H311–H316.
  • Hsieh, C.-C., Hernández-Ledesma, B. and de Lumen, B. O. (2010c). Cell proliferation inhibitory and apoptosis inducing properties of anacardic acid and lunasin in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Food Chem. 125:630–636.
  • Hsieh, C.-C., Hernández-Ledesma, B. and de Lumen, B. O. (2010d). Lunasin, a novel seed peptide, sensitizes human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells to aspirin-arrested cell cycle and induced-apoptosis. Chem.-Biol. Interact. 186:127–134.
  • Hsieh, C.-C., Hernández-Ledesma, B. and de Lumen, B. O. (2011). Lunasin-aspirin combination against NIH/3T3 cells transformation induced by chemical carcinogens. Plant Foods Hum. Nutr. 66:107–113.
  • Hsu, K.-C., Li-Chan, E. C. Y. and Jao, C.-L. (2011). Antiproliferative activity of peptides prepared from enzymatic hydrolysates of tuna dark muscle on human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Food Chem. 126:617–622.
  • Hu, X., Song, L., Huang, L., Zheng, Q. and Yu, R. (2012). Antitumor effect of a polypeptide fraction from Arca subcrenata in vitro and in vivo. Mar. Drugs 10:2782–2794.
  • Huang, G. H., Sheu, M. J., Chen, H. J., Chang, Y. S. and Lin, Y. H. (2007). Growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis in NB4 promyelocytic leukemia cells by trypsin inhibitor from sweet potato storage roots. J. Agric. Food Chem. 55:2548–2553.
  • Huang, M. T., Xie, J. G., Lin, C. B., Kizoulis, M., Seiberg, M., Shapiro, S. and Conney, A. H. (2004). Inhibitory effect of topical applications of nondenatured soymilk on the formation and growth of UVB-induced skin tumors. Oncol. Res. 14:387–397.
  • Hwang, J. W., Lee, S. J., Kim, Y. S., Kim, E. K., Ahn, C. B., Jeon, Y. J., Moon, S. H., Jeon, B. T. and Park, P. J. (2012). Purification and characterization of a novel peptide with inhibitory effects on colitis induced mice by dextran sulfate sodium from enzymatic hydrolysates of Crassostrea gigas. Fish Shellfish Immunol. 33:993–999.
  • Ibrahim, S. R. M., Min, C. C., Teuscher, F., Ebel, R., Kakoschke, C., Lin, W., Wray, V., Edrada-Ebel, R. and Proksch, P. (2010). Callyaerins A–F and H, new cytotoxic cyclic peptides from the Indonesian marine sponge Callyspongia aerizusa. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 18:4947–4956.
  • Inagaki, K., Kobayashi, H., Yoshida, R., Kanada, Y., Fukuda, Y., Yagyu, T., Kondo, T., Kurita, N., Kitanaka, T., Yamada, Y., Sakamoto, Y., Suzuki, M., Kanayama, N. and Terao, T. (2005). Suppression of urokinase expression and invasion by a soybean Kunitz trypsin inhibitor are mediated through inhibition of Src-dependent signaling pathways. J. Biol. Chem. 280:31428–31437.
  • Ishikawa, S., Yano, Y., Arihara, K. and Itoh, M. (2004). Egg yolk phosvitin inhibits hydroxyl radical formation from the Fenton reaction. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 68:1324–1331.
  • Jeong, H. J., Jeong, J. B., Kim, D. S., Park, J. H., Lee, J. B., Kweon, D. H., Chung, G. Y., Seo, E. W. and de Lumen, B. O. (2007). The cancer preventive peptide lunasin from wheat inhibits core histone acetylation. Cancer Lett. 255:42–48.
  • Jeong, H. J., Lam, Y. and de Lumen, B. O. (2002). Barley lunasin suppresses ras-induced colony formation and inhibits core histone acetylation in mammalian cells. J. Agric. Food Chem. 50:5903–5908.
  • Jeong, H. J., Park, J. H., Lam, Y. and de Lumen, B. O. (2003). Characterization of lunasin isolated from soybean. J. Agric. Food Chem. 51:7901–7906.
  • Jimeno, J., Faircloth, G., Soussa-Faro, J. F., Scheuer, P. and Rinehart, K. (2004). New marine derived anticancer therapeutics—A journey from the sea to clinical trials. Mar. Drugs 2:14–29.
  • Joanitti, G. A., Azevedo, R. B. and Freitas, S. M. (2010). Apoptosis and lysosome membrane permeabilization induction on breast cancer cells by an anticarcinogenic Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor from Vigna unguiculata seeds. Cancer Lett. 293:73–81.
  • Jumeri and Kim, S. M. (2011). Antioxidant and anticancer activities of enzymatic hydrolysates of solitary tunicate (Styela clava). Food Sci. Biotechnol. 20:1075–1085.
  • Kannan, A., Hettiarachchy, N. S., Lay, J. O. and Liyanage, R. (2010). Human cancer cell proliferation inhibition by a pentapeptide isolated and characterized from rice bran. Peptides. 31:1629–1634.
  • Kannan, A., Hettiarachchy, N. S., Marshall, M., Raghavan, S. and Kristinsson, H. (2011). Shrimp shell peptide hydrolysates inhibit human cancer cell proliferation. J. Sci. Food Agric. 91:1920–1924.
  • Kanwar, R. K. and Kanwar, J. R. (2013). Immunomodulatory lactoferrin in the regulation of apoptosis modulatory proteins in cancer. Protein Pept. Lett. 20:450–458.
  • Karasaki, Y., Tsukamoto, S., Mizusaki, K., Sugiura, T. and Gotoh, S. (2001). A garlic lectin exerted an antitumor activity and induced apoptosis in human tumor cells. Food Res. Int. 34:7–13.
  • Kashiwagi, K., Virgona, N., Yamada, J., Sato, A., Ota, M., Yazawa, T. and Yano, T. (2011). Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor from soybeans enhances cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in human mesothelioma cells. Exp. Ther. Med. 2:719–724.
  • Kennedy, A. R., Billings, P. C., Maki, P. A. and Newberne, P. (1993). Effects of various preparations of dietary protease inhibitors on oral carcinogenesis in hamsters induced by DMBA. Nutr. Cancer 19:191–200.
  • Kennedy, A. R., Billings, P. C., Wan, X. S. and Newberne, P. M. (2002). Effects of Bowman-Birk inhibitor on rat colon carcinogenesis. Nutr. Cancer 43:174–186.
  • Kennedy, A. R., Davis, J. G., Carlton, W. and Ware, J. H. (2008). Effects of dietary antioxidant supplementation on the development of malignant lymphoma and other neoplastic lesions in mice exposed to proton or iron-ion radiation. Rad. Res. 169:615–625.
  • Kennedy, A. R., Kritchevsky, D. and Shen, W. C. (2003). Effects of spermine-conjugated Bowman-Birk inhibitor (spermine-BBI) on carcinogenesis and cholesterol biosynthesis in mice. Pharm. Res. 20:1908–1910.
  • Kennedy, A. R. and Wan, X. S. (2002). Effects of the Bowman–Birk inhibitor on growth, invasion, and clonogenic survival of human prostate epithelial cells and prostate cancer cells. Prostate. 50:125–133.
  • Khil, L. Y., Kim, W., Lyu, S., Park, W. B., Yoon, J. W. and Jun, H. S. (2007). Mechanisms involved in Korean mistletoe lectin-induced apoptosis of cancer cells. World J. Gastroenterol. 13:2811–2318.
  • Kim, E.-K., Joung, H.-J., Kim, Y.-S., Hwang, J.-W., Ahn, C.-B., Jeon, Y.-J., Moon, S.-H., Song, B. C. and Park, P. J. (2012). Purification of a novel anticancer peptide from enzymatic hydrolysate of Mytilus coruscus. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 22:1381–1387.
  • Kim, E. K., Kim, Y.-S., Hwang, J.-W., Lee, J. S., Moon, S.-H., Jeon, B.-T. and Park, P. J. (2013). Purification and characterization of a novel anticancer peptide derived from Ruditapes philippinarum. Process Biochem. 48:1086–1090.
  • Kim, M. S., Lee, J., Lee, K. M., Yang, S. H., Choi, S., Chung, S. Y., Kim, T. Y., Jeong, W. H. and Park, R. (2003). Involvement of hydrogen peroxide in mistletoe lectin-II-induced apoptosis of myeloleukemic U937 cells. Life Sci. 73:1231–1243.
  • Kim, S.-K. and Wijesekara, I. (2010). Development and biological activities of marine-derived bioactive perptides: A review. J. Funct. Foods 2:1–9.
  • Kimura, M., Wakimoto, T., Egami, Y., Tan, K. C., Ise, Y. and Abe, I. (2012). Calyxamides A and B, cytotoxic cyclic peptides from the marine sponge Discodermia calyx. J. Nat. Prod. 75:290–294.
  • Kobayashi, H., Fukuda, Y., Yoshida, R., Kanada, Y., Nishiyama, S. and Suzuki, M. (2004a). Suppressing effects of dietary supplementation of soybean trypsin inhibitor on spontaneous, experimental and peritoneal disseminated metastasis in mouse model. Int. J. Cancer 112:519–524.
  • Kobayashi, H., Suzuki, M., Kanayama, N. and Terao, T. (2004b). A soybean Kunitz trypsin inhibitor suppresses ovarian cancer cell invasion by blocking urokinase upregulation. Clin. Exp. Metast. 21:159–166.
  • Kovacs, E., Link, S. and Toffol-Schmidt, U. (2008). Comparison of Viscum album QuFrF extract with vincristine in an in vitro model of human B cell lymphoma WSU-1. Arzneimittelforschung. 58:592–597.
  • Kreider, R. B., Iosia, M., Cooke, M., Hudson, G., Rasmussen1, C., Chen, H., Mollstedt, O. and Tsai, M. H. (2011). Bioactive properties and clinical safety of a novel milk protein peptide. Nutr. J. 10:99.
  • Kulkarni, G. V. and McCulloch, C. A. (1995). Concanavalin A induced apoptosis in fibroblasts: The role of cell surface carbohydrates in lectin mediated cytotoxicity. J. Cell Physiol. 165:119–133.
  • Lam, S. K. and Ng, T. B. (2010). First report of a haemagglutinin-induced apoptotic pathway in breast cancer cells. Biosci. Rep. 30:307–317.
  • Lam, S. K. and Ng, T. B. (2011). Lectins: Production and practical applications. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 89:45–55.
  • Lam, Y., Galvez, A. F. and de Lumen, B. O. (2003). Lunasin suppresses E1A-mediated transformation of mammalian cells but does not inhibit growth of immortalized and established cancer cell lines. Nutr. Cancer 47:88–94.
  • Laskowski, M. J. and Kato, I. (1980). Protein inhibitors of proteinases. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 49:593–626.
  • Lavastre, V., Binet, F., Moisan, E., Chaisson, S. and Girard, D. (2007). Viscum album agglutinin-I induces degradation of cytoskeletal proteins in leukemia PLB-985 cells differentiated toward neutrophils: Cleavage of non-muscle myosin heavy chain-IIA by caspases. Br. J. Haematol. 138:545–554.
  • Lavastre, V., Chiasson, S., Cavalli, H. and Girard, D. (2005). Viscum album agglutinin-I (VAA-I) induces apoptosis and degradation of cytoskeletal protein in human leukemia PLB-985 and X-CGD cells via caspases: Lamin B1 is a novel target of VAA-I. Leukemia Res. 29:1443–1453.
  • Lee, Y. G., Kim, J. Y., Lee, K. W., Kim, K. H. and Lee, H. J. (2003). Peptides from anchovy sauce induce apoptosis in a human lymphoma cell (U937) through the increase of caspase-3 and-8 activities. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1010:393–404.
  • Lee, Y. G., Lee, K. W., Kim, J. Y., Kim, K. H. and Lee, H. J. (2004). Induction of apoptosis in a human lymphoma cell line by hydrophobic peptide fraction separated from anchovy sauce. Biofactors. 21:63–67.
  • Li, B., Gao, M. H., Zhang, X. C. and Chu, X. M. (2006). Molecular immune mechanism of C-phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis induces apoptosis in HeLa cells in vitro. Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. 43:155–164.
  • Li, J.-T., Zhang, J.-L., He, H., Ma, Z.-L., Nie, Z.-K., Wang, Z.-Z. and Xu, X.-G. (2013). Apoptosis in human hepatoma HepG2 cells induced by corn peptides and its anti-tumor efficacy in H22 tumor bearing mice. Food Chem. Toxicol. 51:297–305.
  • Li, L. N., Zhang, H. D., Zhi, R. and Yuan, S. J. (2011). Down-regulation of some miRNAs by degrading their precursors contributes to anti-cancer effect of mistletoe lectin-I. Br. J. Pharmacol. 162:349–364.
  • Li, W.-L., Yi, Y.-H., Wu, H.-M., Xu, Q.-Z., Tang, H.-F., Zhou, D.-Z., Lin, H.-W. and Wang, Z.-H. (2002). Isolation and structure of the cytotoxic cycloheptapeptide Phakellistatin 13. J. Nat. Prod. 66:146–148.
  • Lichtenstein, G. R., Deren, J. J., Katz, S., Lewis, J. D., Kennedy, A. R. and Ware, J. H. (2008). Bowman-birk inhibitor concentrate: A novel therapeutic agent for patients with active ulcerative colitis. Dig. Dis. Sci. 53:175–180.
  • Lin, P. and Ng, T. B. (2008). Preparation and biological properties of a melibiose binding lectin from Bauhinia variegate seeds. J. Agric. Food Chem. 56:10481–10486.
  • Lin, P., Ye, X. and Ng, T. (2008). Purification of melibiose-binding lectins from two cultivars of Chinese black soybeans. Acta Biochim. Biophys. Sin. 40:1029–1038.
  • Lin, W.-J., Chien, Y.-L., Pan, C.-Y., Lin, T.-L., Chen, J.-Y., Chiu, S.-J. and Hui, C.-F. (2009). Epinecidin-1, an antimicrobial peptide from fish (Epinephelus coioides) which has an antitumor effect like lytic peptides in human fibrosarcoma cells. Peptides. 30:283–290.
  • Linington, R. G., Edwards, D. J., Shuman, C. F., McPhail, K. L., Matainaho, T. and Gerwick, W. H. (2008). Symplocamide A, a potent cytotoxin and chymotrypsin inhibitor from the marine Cyanobacterium Symploca sp. J. Nat. Prod. 71:22–27.
  • Liu, B., Bian, H. J. and Bao, J. K. (2010a). Plant lectins: Potential antineoplastic drugs from bench to clinic. Cancer Lett. 287:1–12.
  • Liu, B., Cheng, Y., Bian, H. J. and Bao, J. K. (2009a). Molecular mechanisms of Polygonatum cyrtonema lectin-induced apoptosis, autophagy in cancer cells. Autophagy. 5:253–255.
  • Liu, B., Cheng, Y., Zhang, B., Bian, H. J. and Bao, J. K. (2009b). Polygonatum cyrtonema lectin induces apoptosis and autophagy in human melanoma A375 cells through a mitochondria-mediated ROS-p38-p53 pathway. Cancer Lett. 275:54–60.
  • Liu, B., Li, C. Y., Bian, H. J., Min, M. W., Chen, L. F. and Bao, J. K. (2009c). Antiproliferative activity and apoptosis-inducing mechanism of Concanavalin A on human melanoma A375 cells. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 482:1–6.
  • Liu, B., Min, M. W. and Bao, J. K. (2009d). Induction of apoptosis by Concanavalin A and its molecular mechanisms in cancer cells. Autophagy. 5:432–433.
  • Liu, B., Peng, H., Yao, Q., Li, J., Van Damme, E. J., Balzarini, J. and Bao, J. K. (2009e). Bioinformatics analyses of the mannose-binding lectins from Ophiopogon japonicus and Liparis noversa with antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing activities. Phytomedicine. 16:601–608.
  • Liu, B., Xu, X. C., Cheng, Y., Huang, J., Liu, Y. H., Liu, Z., Min, M. W., Bian, H. J., Chen, J. and Bao, J. K. (2008a). Apoptosis-inducing effect and structural basis of Polygonatum cyrtonema lectin and chemical modification properties on its mannose-binding sites. BMB Rep. 41:369–375.
  • Liu, B., Zhang, B., Min, M. W., Bian, H. J., Chen, L. F., Liu, Q. and Bao, J. K. (2009f). Induction of apoptosis by Polygonatum odoratum lectin and its molecular mechanisms in murine fibrosarcoma L929 cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1790:840–844.
  • Liu, Z., Liu, B., Zhang, Z. T., Zhou, T. T., Bian, H. J., Min, M. W., Liu, Y. H., Chen, J. and Bao, J. K. (2008b). A mannose-binding lectin from Sophora flavescens induces apoptosis in HeLa cells. Phytomedicine. 15:867–875.
  • Liu, Z., Luo, Y., Zhou, T.-T. and Zhang, W.-Z. (2013). Could plant lectins become promising anti-tumour drugs for causing autophagic cell death? Cell Proliferat. 46:509–515.
  • Liu, Z. Y., Li, X. F., Ding, X. P. and Yang, Y. (2010b). In silico and experimental studies of Concanavalin A: Insights into its antiproliferative activity and apoptotic mechanism. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 162:134–145.
  • Losso, J. N. (2008). The biochemical and functional food properties of the Bowman-Birk Inhibitor. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 48:94–118.
  • Lund, A. H. and van Lohuizen, M. (2004). Epigenetics and cancer. Genes Dev. 18:2315–2335.
  • Lyu, S. Y., Choi, S. H. and Park, W. B. (2002). Korean mistletoe lectin-induced apoptosis in hepatocarcinoma cells is associated with inhibition of telomerase via mitochondrial controlled pathway independent of p53. Arch. Pharm. Res. 25:93–101.
  • Lyu, S. Y. and Park, W. B. (2009). Mistletoe lectin modulates intestinal epithelial cell-derived cytokines and B cell IgA secretion. Arch. Pharm. Res. 32:443–451.
  • Ma, Y. H., Cheng, W. Z., Gong, F., Ma, A. L., Yu, Q. W., Zhang, J. Y., Hu, C. Y., Chen, X. H. and Zhang, D. Q. (2008). Active Chinese mistletoe lectin-55 enhances colon cancer surveillance through regulating innate and adaptive immune responses. World J. Gastroenterol. 14:5274–5281.
  • Magee, P. J., Owusu-Apenten, R., McCann, M. J., Gill, C. I. and Rowland, I. R. (2012). Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and other plant-derived protease inhibitor concentrates inhibit breast and prostate cancer cell proliferation in vitro. Nutr. Cancer 64:741–748.
  • Maldonado-Cervantes, E., Jeong, H. J., Leon-Galvan, F., Barrera-Pacheco, A., De Leon-Rodriguez, A., de Mejia, E. G., de Lumen, B. O. and Barba de la Rosa, A. P. (2010). Amaranth lunasin-like peptide internalizes into the cell nucleus and inhibits chemical carcinogen-induced transformation of NIH-3T3 cells. Peptides. 31:1635–1642.
  • Malkowicz, S. B., McKenna, W. G., Vaughn, D. J., Wan, X. S., Propert, K. J., Rockwell, K., Marks, S. H. F., Wein, A. J. and Kennedy, A. R. (2001). Effects of Bowman-Birk inhibitor concentrate (BBIC) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostate. 48:16–28.
  • Mamone, G., Picariello, G., Caira, S., Addeo, F. and Ferranti, P. (2009). Analysis of food proteins and peptides by mass spectrometry-based techniques. J. Chromatogr. A. 1216:7130–7142.
  • Mandal, S. M., Migliolo, L., Das, S., Mandal, M., Franco, O. L. and Hazra, T. K. (2012). Identification and characterization of a bactericidal and proapoptotic peptide from Cycas revoluta seeds with DNA binding properties. J. Cell. Biochem. 113:184–193.
  • Maneckjee, R., Biswas, R. and Vonderhaar, B. K. (1990). Binding of opioides to human MCF-7 breast-cancer cells and their effects on growth. Cancer Res. 50:2234–2238.
  • Marmot, M., Atinmo, T., Byers, T., Chen, J., Hirohata, T., Jackson, A., James, W., Kolonel, L., Kumanyika, S. and Leitzmann, C. (2007). Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer: A Global Perspective. AICR, Washington, DC, p. 46.
  • Martín-Algarra, S., Espinosa, E., Rubió, J., López, J. J. L., Manzano, J. L., Carrión, L. A., Plazaola, A., Tanovic, A. and Paz-Ares, L. (2009). Phase II study of weekly Kahalalide F in patients with advanced malignant melanoma. Eur. J. Cancer 45:732–735.
  • McCormick, D. L., Johnson, W. D., Bosland, M. C., Lubet, R. A. and Steele, V. E. (2007). Chemoprevention of rat prostate carcinogenesis by soy isoflavones and by Bowman-Birk inhibitor. Nutr. Cancer 57:184–193.
  • Meyskens, F. L. (2001). Development of Bowman-Birk inhibitor for chemoprevention of oral head and neck cancer. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 952:116–123.
  • Milner, J. A. (2004). Molecular targets for bioactive food components. J. Nutr. 134:2492S–2498S.
  • Miyoshi, N., Koyama, Y., Katsuno, Y., Hayakawa, S., Mita, T., Ohta, T., Kaji, K. and Isemura, M. (2001). Apoptosis induction associated with cell cycle dysregulation by rice bran agglutinin. J. Biochem. 130:799–805.
  • Monira, P., Koyoma, Y., Fukutomi, R., Yasui, K., Isemura, M. and Yokogoshi, H. (2009). Effects of Japanese mistletoe lectin on cytokine gene expression in human colonic carcinoma cells and in the mouse intestine. Biomed. Res.-Tokyo 30:303–309.
  • Moreira Rde, A., Ainouz, I. L., De Oliveira, J. T. and Cavada, B. S. (1991). Plant lectins, chemical and biological aspects. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 86:211–218.
  • Moriwaki, S., Ohba, H., Nakamura, O., Sallay, I., Suzuki, M., Tsubouchi, H., Yamasaki, N. and Itoh, K. (2000). Biological activities of the lectin, abrin-a, against human lymphocytes and cultured leukemic cell lines. J. Hematother. Stem Cell Res. 9:47–53.
  • Naqash, S. Y. and Nazeer, R. A. (2010). Antioxidant activity of hydrolysates and peptide fractions of Nemipterus japonicus and Exocoetus volitans muscle. J. Aquat. Food Prod. Technol. 19:180–192.
  • Nogle, L. M. and Gerwick, W. H. (2002). Somocystinamide A, a novel cytotoxic disulfide dimer from a Fijian marine cyanobacterial mixed assemblage. Org. Lett. 4:1095–1098.
  • Odaka, C., Sanders, M. L. and Crews, P. (2000). Jasplakinolide induces apoptosis in various transformed cell lines by a caspase-3-like protease-dependent pathway. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 7:947–952.
  • Pabona, J. M. P., Dave, B., Su, Y., Montales, M. T. E., de Lumen, B. O., de Mejia, E. G., Rahal, O. M. and Simmen, R. C. M. (2013). The soybean peptide lunasin promotes apoptosis of mammary epithelial cells via induction of tumor suppressor PTEN: Similarities and distinct actions from soy isoflavone genistein. Genes Nutr. 8:79–90.
  • Pacor, S., Gagliardi, R., Di Daniel, E., Vadori, M. and Sava, G. (1999). In vitro down regulation of ICAM-1 and E-cadherin and in vivo reduction of lung metastases of TS/A adenocarcinoma by a lysozyme derivative. Int. J. Mol. Med. 4:369–375.
  • Pae, H. O., Oh, G. S., Kim, N. Y., Shin, M. K., Lee, H. S., Yun, Y. G., Oh, H., Kim, Y. M. and Chung, H. T. (2001). Roles of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in apoptosis of human monoblastic leukemia U937 cells by lectin-II isolated from Korean mistletoe. In Vitro Mol. Toxicol. 14:99–106.
  • Pan, P. S., Vasko, R. C., Lapera, S. A., Johnson, V. A., Sellers, R. P., Lin, C. C., Pan, C. M., Davis, M. R., Ardi, V. C. and McAlpine, S. R. (2009). A comprehensive study of Sansalvamide A derivatives: The structure-activity relationships of 78 derivatives in two pancreatic cancer cell lines. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 17:5806–5825.
  • Peng, H., Lv, H., Wang, Y., Liu, Y. H., Li, C. Y., Meng, L., Chen, F. and Bao, J. K. (2009). Clematis montana lectin, a novel mannose-binding lectin from traditional Chinese medicine with antiviral and apoptosis-inducing activities. Peptides. 30:1805–1815.
  • Pepe, G., Tenore, G. C., Mastrocinque, R., Stusio, P. and Campiglia, P. (2013). Potential anticarcinogenic peptides from bovine milk. J. Amino Acids 2013:939804.
  • Perego, S., Cosentino, S., Fiorilli, A., Tettamanti, G. and Ferraretto, A. (2012). Casein phosphopeptides modulate proliferation and apoptosis in HT-29 cell line through their interaction with voltage-operated L-type calcium channels. J. Nutr. Biochem. 23:808–816.
  • Pettit, G. R., Flahive, E. J., Boyd, M. R., Bai, R., Hamel, E., Pettit, R. K. and Schmidt, J. M. (1998). Antineoplastic agents 360. Synthesis and cancer cell growth inhibitory studies of dolastatin 15 structural modifications. Anticancer Drug Des. 13:47–66.
  • Pettit, G. R., Srirangam, J. K., Barkoczy, J., Williams, M. D., Durkin, K. P., Boyd, M. R., Bai, R., Hamel, E., Schmidt, J. M. and Chapuis, J. C. (1995). Antineoplastic agents 337. Synthesis of dolastatin 10 structural modifications. Anticancer Drug Des. 10:529–544.
  • Polito, L., Bortolotti, M., Farini, V., Battelli, M. G., Barbieri, L. and Bolognesi, A. (2009). Saporin induces multiple death pathways in lymphoma cells with different intensity and timing as compared to ricin. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 41:1055–1061.
  • Proulx-Bonneau, S., Pratt, J. and Annabi, B. (2010). A role for MT1-MMP as a cell death sensor/effector through the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress in U87 glioblastoma cells. J. Neurooncol. 104:33–43.
  • Pryme, I. F., Bardocz, S., Pusztai, A. and Ewen, S. W. B. (2006). Suppression of growth of tumor cell lines in vitro and tumors in vivo by mistletoe lectins. Histol. Histopathol. 21:285–299.
  • Ramnath, V., Rekha, P., Kuttan, G. and Kuttan, R. (2009). Regulation of caspase-3 and Bcl-2 expression in Dalton's lymphoma ascites cells by abrin. Evid. Based Complement. Alt. Med. 6:233–238.
  • Raucher, D., Moktan, S., Massodi, I. and Bidwell, G. L. (2009). Therapeutic peptides for cancer therapy. Part II—Cell cycle inhibitory peptides and apoptosis-inducing peptides. Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. 6:1049–1064.
  • Rupachandra, S. and Sarada, D. V. L. (2013). Anti-proliferative and apoptotic properties of a peptide from the seeds of Polyalthia longifolia against human cancer cell lines. Ind. J. Biochem. Biophys. 51:127–134.
  • Safavi, F. and Rostami, A. (2012). Role of serine proteases in inflammation: Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor (BBI) as a potential therapy for autoimmune diseases. Exp. Mol. Pathol. 93:428–433.
  • Saito, T., Sato, H., Virgona, N., Hagiwara, H., Kashiwagi, K., Suzuki, K., Asano, R. and Yano, T. (2007). Negative growth control of osteosarcoma cell by Bowman–Birk protease inhibitor from soybean; involvement of connexin 43. Cancer Lett. 253:249–257.
  • Sakurai, N., Suzuki, K., Nagaoka, T., Saito, T., Yoshimura, H., Yano, T., Sadzuka, Y. and Asano, R. (2008a). Connexin 43-dependent tumor-suppressing effect of the Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor on M5076 ovarian sarcoma-bearing mice. Mol. Med. Rep. 1:683–693.
  • Sakurai, N., Suzuki, K., Sano, Y., Saito, T., Yoshimura, H., Nishimura, Y., Yano, T., Sadzuka, Y. and Asano, R. (2008b). Effects of a single-dose administration of Bowman-Birk inhibitor concentrate on anti-proliferation and inhabitation of metastasis in M5076 ovarian sarcoma-bearing mice. Mol. Med. Rep. 1:903–907.
  • Sava, G. (1989). Reduction of B16 melanoma metastases by oral administration of egg-white lysozyme. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 25:221–222.
  • Sava, G., Ceschia, A., Pacor, S. and Zabucchi, G. (1991). Observations on the antimetastatic action of lysozyme in mice bearing Lewis lung-carcinoma. Anticancer Res. 11:1109–1113.
  • Sava, G., Pacor, S., Dasic, G. and Bergamo, A. (1995). Lysozyme stimulates lymphocyte response to ConA and IL-2 and potentiates 5-fluorouracil action on advanced carcinomas. Anticancer Res. 15:1883–1888.
  • Schmidt, E. W., Raventos-Suarez, C., Bifano, M., Menendez, A. T., Fairchild, C. R. and Faulkner, D. J. (2004). Scleritodermin A, a cytotoxic cyclic peptide from the lithistid sponge Scleritoderma nodosum. J. Nat. Prod. 67:475–478.
  • Seifert, G., Jesse, P., Laengler, A., Reindl, T., Lüth, M., Lobitz, S., Henze, G., Prokop, A. and Lode, H. N. (2008). Molecular mechanisms of mistletoe plant extract-induced apoptosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia in vivo and in vitro. Cancer Lett. 264:218–228.
  • Sharma, A., Ng, T. B., Wong, J. H. and Lin, P. (2009). Purification and characterization of a lectin from Phaseolus vulgaris cv. (Anasazi beans). J. Biomed. Biotechnol. Art. No. 929568.
  • Sheih, I.-C., Fang, T.-J., Wu, T.-K. and Lin, P.-H. (2010). Anticancer and antioxidant activities of the peptide fraction from algae protein waste. J. Agric. Food Chem. 58:1202–1207.
  • Shin, D. M., Holoye, P. Y., Murphy, W. K., Forman, A., Papasozomenos, S. C., Hong, W. K. and Raber, M. (1991). Phase I/II clinical trial of didemnin B in non-small-cell lung cancer: Neuromuscular toxicity is dose-limiting. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 29:145–149.
  • Silva-Sánchez, C., de la Rosa, A. P. B., León-Galván, M. F., de Lumen, B. O., de León-Rodriguez, A. and de Mejia, E. G. (2008). Bioactive peptides from amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) seed. J. Agric. Food Chem. 56:1233–1240.
  • Simmons, T. L., Nogle, L. M., Media, J., Valeriote, F. A., Mooberry, S. L. and Gerwick, W. H. (2009). Desmethoxymajusculamide C, a cyanobacterial depsipeptide with potent cytotoxicity in both cyclic and ring-opened forms. J. Nat. Prod. 72:1011–1016.
  • Sina, A., Proulx-Bonneau, S., Roy, A., Poliquin, L., Cao, J. and Annabi, B. (2010). The lectin Concanavalin-A signals MT1-MMP catalytic independent induction of COX-2 through an IKK/NF-κB-dependent pathway. J. Cell Comm. Signal. 4:31–38.
  • Stefanska, B., Karlic, H., Varga, F., Fabianowska-Majewska, K. and Haslberger, A. G. (2012). Epigenetic mechanisms in anti-cancer actions of bioactive food components—the implications in cancer prevention. Br. J. Pharmacol. 167:279–297.
  • Suarez-Jiménez, G.-M., Burgos-Hernández, A. and Ezquerra-Brauer, J.-M. (2012). Bioactive peptides and depsipeptides with anticancer potential: Sources from marine animals. Mar. Drugs 10:963–986.
  • Sun, X.-Y., Donald, S. P. and Phang, J. M. (2001). Testosterone and prostate specific antigen stimulate generation of reactive oxygen species in prostate cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 22:1775–1780.
  • Sun, X., Jiang, R., Przepiorski, A., Reddy, S., Palmano, K. P. and Krissansen, G. W. (2012). “Iron-saturated” bovine lactoferrin improves the chemotherapeutic effects of tamoxifen in the treatment of basal-like breast cancer in mice. BMC Cancer. 12:591.
  • Suzuki, K., Yano, T., Sadzuka, Y., Sugiyama, T., Seki, T. and Asano, R. (2005). Restoration of connexin 43 by Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor in M5076 bearing mice. Oncology Rep. 13:1247–1250.
  • Svensson, M., Fast, J., Mossberg, A. K., Düringer, C., Gustafsson, L., Hallgren, O., Brooks, C. L., Berliner, L., Linse, S. and Svanborg, C. (2003). α-lactalbumin unfolding is not sufficient to cause apoptosis, but is required for the conversion to HAMLET (human α-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells). Prot. Sci. 12:2794–2804.
  • Tang, M. X., Asamoto, M., Ogawa, K., Naiki-Ito, A., Sato, S., Takahashi, S. and Shirai, T. (2009). Induction of apoptosis in the LNCaP human prostate carcinoma cell line and prostate adenocarcinomas of SV40T antigen transgenic rats by the Bowman-Birk inhibitor. Pathol. Int. 59:790–796.
  • Thies, A., Dautel, P., Meyer, A., Pfuller, U. and Schumacher, U. (2008). Low-dose mistletoe lectin-I reduces melanoma growth and spread in a scid mouse xenograft model. Br. J. Cancer 98:106–112.
  • Tran, T. D., Pham, N. B., Fechner, G. A., Hooper, J. N. A. and Quinn, R. J. (2014). Potent cytotoxic peptides from the Australian marine sponge Pipestela candelabra. Mar. Drugs 12:3399–3415.
  • Troncoso, M. F., Cerdá Zolezzi, P., Hellman, U. and Wolfenstein-Todel, C. (2003). A novel trypsin inhibitor from Peltophorum dubium seeds, with lectin-like properties, triggers rat lymphoma cell apoptosis. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 411:93–104.
  • Tung, Y. T., Chen, H. L., Yen, C. C., Lee, P. Y., Tsai, H. C., Lin, M. F. and Chen, C. M. (2013). Bovine lactoferrin inhibits lung cancer growth through suppression of both inflammation and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor. J. Dairy Sci. 96:2095–2106.
  • Van Damme, E. J., Lannoo, N. and Peumans, W. J. (2008). Plant lectins. Adv. Bot. Res. 48:107–209.
  • Van Damme, E. J., Peumans, W. J., Barre, A. and Rougé, P. (1998). Plant lectins: A composite of several distinct families of structurally and evolutionary related proteins with diverse biological roles. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 17:575–692.
  • Varadhachary, A., Wolf, J. S., Petrak, K., O'Malley, B. W.Jr, Spadaro, M., Curcio, C., Forni, G. and Pericle, F. (2004). Oral lactoferrin inhibits growth of established tumors and potentiates conventional chemotherapy. Int. J. Cancer. 111:398–403.
  • Vervoort, H., Fenical, W. and Epifanio, R. D. (2000). Tamandarins A and B: New cytotoxic depsipeptides from a Brazilian ascidian of the family Didemnidae. J. Org. Chem. 65:782–792.
  • Wan, X. S., Ware, J. H., Zhang, L., Newberne, P. M., Evans, S. M., Clark, L. C. and Kennedy, A. R. (1999). Treatment with soybean-derived Bowman Birk inhibitor increases serum prostate-specific antigen concentration while suppressing growth of human prostate cancer xenografts in nude mice. Prostate. 41:243–252.
  • Wang, W., Bringe, N. A., Berhow, M. A. and de Mejia, E. G. (2008). Beta-conglycinins among sources of bioactives in hydrolysates of different soybean varieties that inhibit leukemia cells in vitro. J. Agric. Food Chem. 56:4012–4020.
  • Wang, X. and Zhang, X. (2013). Separation, antitumor activities, and encapsulation of polypeptide from Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Biotechnol. Prog. 29:681–687.
  • Wang, Y., He, H., Wang, G., Wu, H., Zhou, B., Chen, X. and Zhang, Y. (2010). Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) hydrolysates produced on a plant scale have antitumor activity and immunostimulating effects in BALB/c Mice. Mar. Drugs 8:255–268.
  • Ware, J. H., Wan, X. S., Newberne, P. and Kennedy, A. R. (1999). Bowman-Birk inhibitor concentrate reduces colon inflammation in mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis. Dig. Dis. Sci. 44:986–990.
  • Watanabe, K., Tsuge, Y., Shimoyamada, M., Ogama, N. and Ebina, T. (1998). Antitumor effects of pronase-treated fragments, glycopeptides, from ovomucin in hen egg white in a double grafted tumor system. J. Agric. Food Chem. 46:3033–3038.
  • Watters, D. J., Beamish, H. J., Marshall, K. A., Gardiner, R. A., Seymour, G. J. and Lavin, M. F. (1994). Accumulation of HL-60 leukemia cells in G2/M and inhibition of cytokinesis caused by two marine compounds, bistratene A and cycloxazoline. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 33:399–409.
  • Wesson, K. and Hamann, M. (1996). Keenamide A, a bioactive cyclic peptide from the marine mollusk Pleurobranchus forskalii. J. Nat. Prod. 59:629–631.
  • Witschi, H. and Espiritu, I. (2002). Development of tobacco smoke-induced lung tumors in mice fed Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor concentrate (BBIC). Cancer Lett. 183:141–146.
  • Xia, L. and Ng, T. B. (2006). A hemagglutinin with mitogenic activity from dark red kidney beans. J. Chromatogr. B. 844:213–216.
  • Xue, Z., Yu, W., Liu, Z., Wu, M. and Wang, J. (2011). Induction of apoptosis in cervix neoplasms HeLa cells by a rapeseed peptide hydrolyzate fraction. J. Food Biochem. 35:1283–1297.
  • Yan, Q., Li, Y., Jiang, Z., Sun, Y., Zhu, L. and Ding, Z. (2009). Antiproliferation and apoptosis of human tumor cell lines by a lectin (AMML) of Astragalus mongholicus. Phytomedicine. 16:586–593.
  • Yang, R., Pei, X., Wang, J., Zhang, Z., Zhao, H., Li, Q., Zhao, M. and Li, Y. (2010). Protective effect of amarine oligopeptide preparation from Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) on radiation-induced immune suppression in mice. J. Sci. Food Agric. 90:2241–2248.
  • Ye, X. and Ng, T. B. (2009). A trypsin-chymotrypsin inhibitor with antiproliferative activity from small glossy black soybeans. Planta Med. 75:550–556.
  • Yoo, Y. C., Watanabe, S., Watanabe, R., Hata, K., Shimazaki, K. and Azuma, I. (1997). Bovine lactoferrin and lactoferricin, a peptide derived from bovine lactoferrin, inhibit tumor metastasis in mice. Jap. J. Cancer Res. 88:184–190.
  • Yu, Z., Lang, G., Kajahn, I., Schmaljohann, R. and Imhoff, J. F. (2008). Scopularides A and B, cyclodepsipeptides from a marine sponge-derived fungus, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. J. Nat. Prod. 71:1052–1054.
  • Zemann, N., Klein, P., Wetzel, E., Huettinger, F. and Huettinger, M. (2010). Lactoferrin induces growth arrest and nuclear accumulation of Smad-2 in HeLa cells. Biochimie. 92:880–884.
  • Zhai, M.-X., Lai, Y., Cui, L., Guo, M., Zhang, S.-X. and Xu, M.-Y. (2013). Inhibition of proliferation induced by papain hydrolysate of walnut protein on cancer cells. Food Sci. Technol. 38:6–10.
  • Zhang, B. and Zhang, X. (2013). Separation and nanoencapsulation of antitumor polypeptide from Spirulina platensis. Biotechnol. Prog. 29:1230–1238.
  • Zhang, Y., Zhou, C., Tang, S., Yu, X., Kouzuma, Y. and Yonekura, M. (2011). Effect of AATI, a Bowman-Birk type inhibitor from Apios americana, on proliferation of cancer cell lines. Food Chem. 128:909–915.
  • Zhang, Z. T., Peng, H., Li, C. Y., Liu, J. J., Zhou, T. T., Yan, Y. F., Li, Y. and Bao, J. K. (2010). Polygonatum cyrtonema lectin induces murine fibrosarcoma L929 cell apoptosis via a caspase dependent pathway as compared to Ophiopogon japonicus lectin. Phytomedicine. 18:25–31.
  • Zheng, W., Dai, Q., Custer, L. J., Shu, X. O., Wen, W. Q., Jin, F. and Franke, A. A. (1999). Urinary excretion of isoflavonoids and the risk of breast cancer. Cancer Epidem. Biomarkers Prev. 8:35–40.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.