5,897
Views
288
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

A comprehensive meta-analysis on evidence of Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular disease: Are individual components equal?

, MD, PhD, , , , , , & show all

References

  • Afshin, A., Micha, R., Khatibzadeh, S. and Mozaffarian, D. (2014). Consumption of nuts and legumes and risk of incident ischemic heart disease, stroke, and diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 100:278–288.
  • Agnoli, C., Krogh, V., Grioni, S., Sieri, S., Palli, D., Masala, G., Sacerdote, C., Vineis, P., Tumino, R., Frasca, G., Pala, V., Berrino, F., Chiodini, P., Mattiello, A. and Panico, S. (2011). A priori-defined dietary patterns are associated with reduced risk of stroke in a large Italian cohort. J. Nutr. 141:1552–1558.
  • Bach, A., Serra-Majem, L., Carrasco, J. L., Roman, B., Ngo, J., Bertomeu, I. and Obrador, B. (2006). The use of indexes evaluating the adherence to the Mediterranean diet in epidemiological studies: a review. Public Health Nutr. 9:132–146.
  • Bertoia, M. L., Triche, E. W., Michaud, D. S., Baylin, A., Hogan, J. W., Neuhouser, M. L., Tinker, L. F., Van Horn, L., Waring, M. E., Li, W., Shikany, J. M. and Eaton, C. B. (2014). Mediterranean and dietary approaches to stop hypertension dietary patterns and risk of sudden cardiac death in postmenopausal women. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 99:344–351.
  • Buckland, G., Agudo, A., Travier, N., Huerta, J. M., Cirera, L., Tormo, M. J., Navarro, C., Chirlaque, M. D., Moreno-Iribas, C., Ardanaz, E., Barricarte, A., Etxeberria, J., Marin, P., Quiros, J. R., Redondo, M. L., Larranaga, N., Amiano, P., Dorronsoro, M., Arriola, L., Basterretxea, M., Sanchez, M. J., Molina, E. and Gonzalez, C. A. (2011). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet reduces mortality in the Spanish cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Spain). Br. J. Nutr. 106:1581–1591.
  • Buckland, G., Gonzalez, C. A., Agudo, A., Vilardell, M., Berenguer, A., Amiano, P., Ardanaz, E., Arriola, L., Barricarte, A., Basterretxea, M., Chirlaque, M. D., Cirera, L., Dorronsoro, M., Egues, N., Huerta, J. M., Larranaga, N., Marin, P., Martinez, C., Molina, E., Navarro, C., Quiros, J. R., Rodriguez, L., Sanchez, M. J., Tormo, M. J. and Moreno-Iribas, C. (2009). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and risk of coronary heart disease in the Spanish EPIC Cohort Study. Am. J. Epidemiol. 170:1518–1529.
  • Buscemi, S., Nicolucci, A., Mattina, A., Rosafio, G., Massenti, F. M., Lucisano, G., Galvano, F., Amodio, E., Pellegrini, F., Barile, A. M., Maniaci, V., Grosso, G., Verga, S., Sprini, D. and Rini, G. B. (2013). Association of dietary patterns with insulin resistance and clinically silent carotid atherosclerosis in apparently healthy people. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 67:1284–1290.
  • Capewell, S. and Buchan, I. (2012). Why have sustained increases in obesity and type 2 diabetes not offset declines in cardiovascular mortality over recent decades in Western countries? Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. 22:307–311.
  • Christensen, J. H., Schmidt, E. B., Molenberg, D. and Toft, E. (2005). Alpha-linolenic acid and heart rate variability in women examined for coronary artery disease. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. 15:345–351.
  • Chrysohoou, C., Panagiotakos, D. B., Aggelopoulos, P., Kastorini, C. M., Kehagia, I., Pitsavos, C. and Stefanadis, C. (2010). The Mediterranean diet contributes to the preservation of left ventricular systolic function and to the long-term favorable prognosis of patients who have had an acute coronary event. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 92:47–54.
  • Dai, J., Lampert, R., Wilson, P. W., Goldberg, J., Ziegler, T. R. and Vaccarino, V. (2010). Mediterranean dietary pattern is associated with improved cardiac autonomic function among middle-aged men: a twin study. Circ. Cardiovasc. Qual. Outcomes 3: 366–373.
  • de Lorgeril, M. and Salen, P. (2004). Alpha-linolenic acid and coronary heart disease. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. 14:162–169.
  • de Lorgeril, M., Salen, P., Martin, J. L., Monjaud, I., Delaye, J. and Mamelle, N. (1999). Mediterranean diet, traditional risk factors, and the rate of cardiovascular complications after myocardial infarction: final report of the Lyon Diet Heart Study. Circulation 99:779–785.
  • Dilis, V., Katsoulis, M., Lagiou, P., Trichopoulos, D., Naska, A. and Trichopoulou, A. (2012). Mediterranean diet and CHD: the Greek European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. Br. J. Nutr. 108:699–709.
  • Estruch, R., Ros, E., Salas-Salvado, J., Covas, M. I., Corella, D., Aros, F., Gomez-Gracia, E., Ruiz-Gutierrez, V., Fiol, M., Lapetra, J., Lamuela-Raventos, R. M., Serra-Majem, L., Pinto, X., Basora, J., Munoz, M. A., Sorli, J. V., Martinez, J. A. and Martinez-Gonzalez, M. A. (2013). Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with a Mediterranean diet. N. Engl. J. Med. 368:1279–1290.
  • Estruch, R. and Salas-Salvado, J. (2013). “Towards an even healthier Mediterranean diet”. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. 23:1163–1166.
  • Fung, T. T., Rexrode, K. M., Mantzoros, C. S., Manson, J. E., Willett, W. C. and Hu, F. B. (2009). Mediterranean diet and incidence of and mortality from coronary heart disease and stroke in women. Circulation 119:1093–1100.
  • Gardener, H., Wright, C. B., Gu, Y., Demmer, R. T., Boden-Albala, B., Elkind, M. S., Sacco, R. L. and Scarmeas, N. (2011). Mediterranean-style diet and risk of ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, and vascular death: the Northern Manhattan Study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 94:1458–1464.
  • Giannuzzi, P., Temporelli, P. L., Marchioli, R., Maggioni, A. P., Balestroni, G., Ceci, V., Chieffo, C., Gattone, M., Griffo, R., Schweiger, C., Tavazzi, L., Urbinati, S., Valagussa, F., Vanuzzo, D. and Investigators, G. (2008). Global secondary prevention strategies to limit event recurrence after myocardial infarction: results of the GOSPEL study, a multicenter, randomized controlled trial from the Italian Cardiac Rehabilitation Network. Arch. Intern. Med. 168:2194–2204.
  • Grosso, G., Marventano, S., Galvano, F., Pajak, A. and Mistretta, A. (2014a). Factors Associated With Metabolic Syndrome in a Mediterranean Population: Role of Caffeinated Beverages. J. Epidemiol. 24:327–333.
  • Grosso, G., Pajak, A., Mistretta, A., Marventano, S., Raciti, T., Buscemi, S., Drago, F., Scalfi, L. and Galvano, F. (2014b). Protective role of the Mediterranean diet on several cardiovascular risk factors: evidence from Sicily, southern Italy. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. 24:370–377.
  • Grosso, G., Mistretta, A., Frigiola, A., Gruttadauria, S., Biondi, A., Basile, F., Vitaglione, P., D'Orazio, N. and Galvano, F. (2014c). Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 54:593–610.
  • Grosso, G., Mistretta, A., Marventano, S., Purrello, A., Vitaglione, P., Calabrese, G., Drago, F. and Galvano, F. (2014d). Beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet on metabolic syndrome. Curr. Pharm. Des. 20:5039–5044.
  • Grosso, G., Yang, J., Marventano, S., Micek, A., Galvano, F. and Kales, S. N. (2015). Nut consumption on all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 101:783–793.
  • Hodge, A. M., English, D. R., Itsiopoulos, C., O'Dea, K. and Giles, G. G. (2011). Does a Mediterranean diet reduce the mortality risk associated with diabetes: evidence from the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. 21:733–739.
  • Hoevenaar-Blom, M. P., Nooyens, A. C., Kromhout, D., Spijkerman, A. M., Beulens, J. W., van der Schouw, Y. T., Bueno-de-Mesquita, B. and Verschuren, W. M. (2012). Mediterranean style diet and 12-year incidence of cardiovascular diseases: the EPIC-NL cohort study. PLoS One 7:e45458.
  • Hoevenaar-Blom, M. P., Spijkerman, A. M., Boshuizen, H. C., Boer, J. M., Kromhout, D. and Verschuren, W. M. (2013). Effect of using repeated measurements of a Mediterranean style diet on the strength of the association with cardiovascular disease during 12 years: the Doetinchem Cohort Study. Eur. J. Nutr. 53:1209–1215.
  • Jadad, A. R., Moore, R. A., Carroll, D., Jenkinson, C., Reynolds, D. J., Gavaghan, D. J. and McQuay, H. J. (1996). Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary? Control. Clin. Trials 17:1–12.
  • Kastorini, C. M., Milionis, H. J., Goudevenos, J. A. and Panagiotakos, D. B. (2010). Mediterranean diet and coronary heart disease: is obesity a link? - A systematic review. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. 20:536–551.
  • Knoops, K. T., de Groot, L. C., Kromhout, D., Perrin, A. E., Moreiras-Varela, O., Menotti, A. and van Staveren, W. A. (2004). Mediterranean diet, lifestyle factors, and 10-year mortality in elderly European men and women: the HALE project. JAMA 292:1433–1439.
  • Lopez-Garcia, E., Rodriguez-Artalejo, F., Li, T. Y., Fung, T. T., Li, S., Willett, W. C., Rimm, E. B. and Hu, F. B. (2014). The Mediterranean-style dietary pattern and mortality among men and women with cardiovascular disease. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 99:172–180.
  • Martínez-González, M. A., Dominguez, L. J. and Delgado-Rodríguez, M. (2014). Olive oil consumption and risk of CHD and/or stroke: a meta-analysis of case-control, cohort and intervention studies. Br. J. Nutr. 112:248–259.
  • Martinez-Gonzalez, M. A., Garcia-Lopez, M., Bes-Rastrollo, M., Toledo, E., Martinez-Lapiscina, E. H., Delgado-Rodriguez, M., Vazquez, Z., Benito, S. and Beunza, J. J. (2011). Mediterranean diet and the incidence of cardiovascular disease: a Spanish cohort. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. 21:237–244.
  • Marventano, S., Kolacz, P., Castellano, S., Galvano, F., Buscemi, S., Mistretta, A. and Grosso, G. (2015). A review of recent evidence in human studies of n-3 and n-6 PUFA intake on cardiovascular disease, cancer, and depressive disorders: does the ratio really matter? Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr. 66:611–22.
  • Menotti, A., Alberti-Fidanza, A. and Fidanza, F. (2012). The association of the Mediterranean Adequacy Index with fatal coronary events in an Italian middle-aged male population followed for 40 years. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. 22:369–375.
  • Mente, A., de Koning, L., Shannon, H. S. and Anand, S. S. (2009). A systematic review of the evidence supporting a causal link between dietary factors and coronary heart disease. Arch Intern. Med. 169:659–669.
  • Misirli, G., Benetou, V., Lagiou, P., Bamia, C., Trichopoulos, D. and Trichopoulou, A. (2012). Relation of the traditional Mediterranean diet to cerebrovascular disease in a Mediterranean population. Am. J. Epidemiol. 176:1185–1192.
  • Mitrou, P. N., Kipnis, V., Thiebaut, A. C., Reedy, J., Subar, A. F., Wirfalt, E., Flood, A., Mouw, T., Hollenbeck, A. R., Leitzmann, M. F. and Schatzkin, A. (2007). Mediterranean dietary pattern and prediction of all-cause mortality in a US population: results from the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Arch. Intern. Med. 167:2461–2468.
  • Mozaffarian, D. and Wu, J. H. (2012). (n-3) fatty acids and cardiovascular health: are effects of EPA and DHA shared or complementary? J. Nutr. 142:614S–625S.
  • Nadtochiy, S. M. and Redman, E. K. (2011). Mediterranean diet and cardioprotection: the role of nitrite, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and polyphenols. Nutrition 27:733–744.
  • Panagiotakos, D. B., Pitsavos, C., Chrysohoou, C., Skoumas, I. and Stefanadis, C. (2008). Five-year incidence of cardiovascular disease and its predictors in Greece: the ATTICA study. Vasc. Med. 13:113–121.
  • Park, S. K., Tucker, K. L., O'Neill, M. S., Sparrow, D., Vokonas, P. S., Hu, H. and Schwartz, J. (2009). Fruit, vegetable, and fish consumption and heart rate variability: the Veterans Administration Normative Aging Study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 89:778–786.
  • Satija, A. and Hu, F. B. (2012). Cardiovascular benefits of dietary fiber. Curr. Atheroscler. Rep. 14:505–514.
  • Schwingshackl, L. and Hoffmann, G. (2014). Mediterranean dietary pattern, inflammation and endothelial function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention trials. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. 24:929–939.
  • Singh, R. B., Dubnov, G., Niaz, M. A., Ghosh, S., Singh, R., Rastogi, S. S., Manor, O., Pella, D. and Berry, E. M. (2002). Effect of an Indo-Mediterranean diet on progression of coronary artery disease in high risk patients (Indo-Mediterranean Diet Heart Study): a randomised single-blind trial. Lancet 360:1455–1461.
  • Soedamah-Muthu, S. S., Ding, E. L., Al-Delaimy, W. K., Hu, F. B., Engberink, M. F., Willett, W. C. and Geleijnse, J. M. (2011). Milk and dairy consumption and incidence of cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality: dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 93:158–171.
  • Sofi, F., Macchi, C., Abbate, R., Gensini, G. F. and Casini, A. (2013). Mediterranean diet and health status: an updated meta-analysis and a proposal for a literature-based adherence score. Public Health Nutr. 1–14.
  • Tognon, G., Lissner, L., Saebye, D., Walker, K. Z. and Heitmann, B. L. (2013). The Mediterranean diet in relation to mortality and CVD: a Danish cohort study. Br. J. Nutr. 111:151–159.
  • Tognon, G., Nilsson, L. M., Lissner, L., Johansson, I., Hallmans, G., Lindahl, B. and Winkvist, A. (2012). The Mediterranean diet score and mortality are inversely associated in adults living in the subarctic region. J. Nutr. 142:1547–1553.
  • Tresserra-Rimbau, A., Rimm, E. B., Medina-Remon, A., Martinez-Gonzalez, M. A., de la Torre, R., Corella, D., Salas-Salvado, J., Gomez-Gracia, E., Lapetra, J., Aros, F., Fiol, M., Ros, E., Serra-Majem, L., Pinto, X., Saez, G. T., Basora, J., Sorli, J. V., Martinez, J. A., Vinyoles, E., Ruiz-Gutierrez, V., Estruch, R. and Lamuela-Raventos, R. M. (2014). Inverse association between habitual polyphenol intake and incidence of cardiovascular events in the PREDIMED study. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. 24:639–647.
  • Wang, X., Ouyang, Y., Liu, J., Zhu, M., Zhao, G., Bao, W. and Hu, F. B. (2014). Fruit and vegetable consumption and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. BMJ 29:349:g4490.
  • Wells, G. A., Shea, B., O'Connell, D., Peterson, J., Welch, V., Losos, M. and Tugwell, P. (1999) The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses. Ottawa Health Research Institute.
  • Yang, J., Farioli, A., Korre, M. and Kales, S. N. (2014). Modified mediterranean diet score and cardiovascular risk in a North American working population. PLoS One 9:e87539.
  • Zamora-Ros, R., Serafini, M., Estruch, R., Lamuela-Raventos, R. M., Martinez-Gonzalez, M. A., Salas-Salvado, J., Fiol, M., Lapetra, J., Aros, F., Covas, M. I. and Andres-Lacueva, C. (2013). Mediterranean diet and non enzymatic antioxidant capacity in the PREDIMED study: evidence for a mechanism of antioxidant tuning. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. 23:1167–1174.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.