41,984
Views
525
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Vegetarian, vegan diets and multiple health outcomes: A systematic review with meta-analysis of observational studies

, , , & ORCID Icon

References

  • Appleby, P. N., Key, T. J., Thorogood, M., Burr, M. L. and Mann, J. (2002). Mortality in British vegetarians. Public Health Nutr. 5:29–36.
  • Ashen, D. M. (2013). Vegetarian diets in cardiovascular prevention. Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med. 15:735–745.
  • Chang-Claude, J., Hermann, S., Eilber, U. and Steindorf, K. (2005). Lifestyle determinants and mortality in German vegetarians and health-conscious persons: Results of a 21-year follow-up. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 14:963–968.
  • Craig, W. J., Mangels, A. R. and American Dietetic Association. (2009). Position of the american dietetic association: Vegetarian diets. J Am Diet Assoc. 109:1266–1282.
  • Craig, W. J. (2009). Health effects of vegan diets. Am J Clin Nutr. 89:1627S–1633S.
  • Cade, J. E., Taylor, E. F., Burley, V. J. and Greenwood, D. C. (2010). Common dietary patterns and risk of breast cancer: Analysis from the United Kingdom Women's Cohort Study. Nutr Cancer 62:300–306.
  • Crowe, F. L., Appleby, P. N., Travis, R. C. and Key, T. J. (2013). Risk of hospitalization or death from ischemic heart disease among British vegetarians and nonvegetarians: Results from the EPIC-Oxford cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr. 97:597–603.
  • Fraser, G. E. (1999). Associations between diet and cancer, ischemic heart disease, and all-cause mortality in non-Hispanic white California Seventh day Adventists. Am J Clin Nutr. 70:532S–538S.
  • Fraser, G. E. (2009). Vegetarian diets: What do we know of their effects on common chronic diseases? Am J Clin Nutr. 89:1607S–1612S.
  • Greenhouse, J. B. and Iyengar, S. (2009). Sensitivity analysis and diagnostics. In: The Handbook of Research Synthesis and Meta-Analysis. 2nd ed. pp. 423–424. Cooper, H. M., Hedges, L. V. and Valentine, J. C., eds. Russell Sage Foundation.
  • Huang, T., Yang, B., Zheng, J., Li, G., Wahlqvist, M. L. and Li, D. (2012). Cardiovascular disease mortality and cancer incidence in vegetarians: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Ann Nutr Metab. 60:233–240.
  • Higgins, J. P. T., Green, S. (eds). (xxxx). Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. Version 5.1.0. Available at: http://www.cochrane-handbook.org
  • Key, T. J., Fraser, G. E., Thorogood, M., Appleby, P. N., Beral, V., Reeves, G., Burr, M. L., Chang-Claude, J., Frentzel-Beyme, R., Kuzma, J. W., Mann, J. and McPherson, K. (1999). Mortality in vegetarians and nonvegetarians: Detailed findings from a collaborative analysis of 5 prospective studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 70:516S–524S.
  • Key, T. J., Appleby, P. N., Spencer, E. A., Travis, R. C., Roddam, A. W. and Allen, N. E. (2009). Mortality in British vegetarians: Results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Oxford). Am J Clin Nutr. 89:1613S–1619S.
  • Kwok, C. S., Umar, S., Myint, P. K., Mamas, M. A. and Loke, Y, K. (2014). Vegetarian diet, Seventh Day Adventists and risk of cardiovascular mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol. 176:680–686.
  • Key, T. J., Appleby, P. N., Crowe, F. L., Bradbury, K. E., Schmidt, J. A. and Travis, R. C. (2014). Cancer in British vegetarians: Updated analyses of 4998 incident cancers in a cohort of 32,491 meat eaters, 8612 fish eaters, 18,298 vegetarians, and 2246 vegans. Am J Clin Nutr. 100:378S–385S.
  • Leitzmann, C. (2014). Vegetarian nutrition: Past, present, future. Am J Clin Nutr. 100:496S–502S.
  • Le, L. T. and Sabaté, J. (2014). Beyond meatless, the health effects of vegan diets: Findings from the Adventist cohorts. Nutrients 6:2131–2147.
  • Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G. and PRISMA Group. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. BMJ 339:b2535.
  • Orlich, M. J., Singh, P. N., Sabaté, J., Jaceldo-Siegl, K., Fan, J., Knutsen, S., Beeson, W. L. and Fraser, G. E. (2013). Vegetarian dietary patterns and mortality in Adventist Health Study 2. JAMA Intern Med. 173:1230–1238.
  • Orlich, M. J., Singh, P. N., Sabaté, J., Fan, J., Sveen, L., Bennett, H., Knutsen, S. F., Beeson, W. L., Jaceldo-Siegl, K., Butler, T. L., Herring, R. P. and Fraser, G. E. (2015). Vegetarian dietary patterns and the risk of colorectal cancers. JAMA Intern Med. 175:767–776.
  • Tantamango-Bartley, Y., Jaceldo-Siegl, K., Fan, J. and Fraser, G. (2013). Vegetarian diets and the incidence of cancer in a low-risk population. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 22:286–294.
  • Whittemore, R. and Knafl, K. (2005). The integrative review: Updated methodology. J Adv Nur 52:546–553.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.