1,870
Views
58
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Cucurmin, anticancer, & antitumor perspectives: A comprehensive review

, , , , &

References

  • Abe, Y., Hashimoto, S. H. U. and Horie, T. (1999). Curcumin inhibition of inflammatory cytokine production by human peripheral blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages. Pharmacol. Res. 39:41–47.
  • Adams, B. K., Cai, J., Armstrong, J., Herold, M., Lu, Y. J., Sun, A., Snyder, J. P., Liotta, D. C., Jones, D. P. and Shoji, M. (2005). EF24, a novel synthetic curcumin analog, induces apoptosis in cancer cells via a redox-dependent mechanism. Anti-Cancer Drugs. 16:263–275.
  • Aggarwal, B. B., Banerjee, S., Bharadwaj, U., Sung, B., Shishodia, S. and Sethi, G. (2007). Curcumin induces the degradation of cyclin E expression through ubiquitin-dependent pathway and up-regulates cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p27 in multiple human tumor cell lines. Biochem. Pharmacol. 73:1024–1032.
  • Aggarwal, B. B., Kumar, A. and Bharti, A. C. (2003). Anticancer potential of curcumin: Preclinical and clinical studies. Anticancer Res. 23:363–398.
  • Aggarwal, B. B., Sethi, G., Ahn, K. S., Sandur, S. K., Pandey, M. K., Kunnumakkara, A. B., Sung, B. and Ichikawa, H. (2006). Targeting signal-transducer-and-activator-of-transcription-3 for prevention and therapy of cancer. Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 1091:151–169.
  • Aggarwal, S., Takada, Y., Singh, S., Myers, J. N. and Aggarwal, B. B. (2004). Inhibition of growth and survival of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells by curcumin via modulation of nuclear factor-kappaB signaling. Int. J. Cancer. 111:679–692.
  • Akkoç, Y., Berrak, Ö., Arısan, E. D., Obakan, P., Çoker-Gürkan, A. and Palavan-Ünsal, N. (2015). Inhibition of PI3K signaling triggered apoptotic potential of curcumin which is hindered by Bcl-2 through activation of autophagy in MCF-7 cells. Biomed. Pharmacother. 71:161–171.
  • Al-Hujaily, E. M., Mohamed, A. G., Al-Sharif, I., Youssef, K. M., Manogaran, P. S., Al-Otaibi, B., Al-Haza'a, A., Al-Jammaz, I., Al-Hussein, K. and Aboussekhra, A. (2010). PAC, a novel curcumin analogue, has anti-breast cancer properties with higher efficiency on ER-negative cells. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 128:97–107.
  • Amin, A. R. M. R., Haque, A., Rahman, M. A., Chen, Z. G., Khuri, F. R. and Shin, D. M. (2015). Curcumin induces apoptosis of upper aerodigestive tract cancer cells by targeting multiple pathways. PloS One. 10:e0124218.
  • Anto, R. J. (2002). Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) induces apoptosis through activation of caspase-8, BID cleavage and cytochrome c release: Its suppression by ectopic expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl. Carcinogenesis. 23:143–150.
  • Aoki, H., Takada, Y., Kondo, S., Sawaya, R., Aggarwal, B. B. and Kondo, Y. (2007). Evidence that curcumin suppresses the growth of malignant gliomas in vitro and in vivo through induction of autophagy: Role of akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathways. Mol. Pharmacol. 72:29–39.
  • Baum, L., Lam, C. W. K., Cheung, S. K.-K., Kwok, T., Lui, V., Tsoh, J., Lam, L., Leung, V., Hui, E., Ng, C., Woo, J., Chiu, H. F. K., Goggins, W. B., Zee, B. C.-Y., Cheng, K. F., Fong, C. Y. S., Wong, A., Mok, H., Chow, M. S. S., Ho, P. C., Ip, S. P., Ho, C. S., Yu, X. W., Lai, C. Y. L., Chan, M.-H., Szeto, S., Chan, I. H. S. and Mok, V. (2008). Six-month randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, pilot clinical trial of curcumin in patients with Alzheimer Disease. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 28:110–113.
  • Beattie, T. L., Zhou, W., Robinson, M. O. and Harrington, L. (1998). Reconstitution of human telomerase activity in vitro. Curr. Biol. 8:177–180.
  • Bimonte, S., Barbieri, A., Palma, G., Luciano, A., Rea, D. and Arra, C. (2013). Curcumin inhibits tumor growth and angiogenesis in an orthotopic mouse model of human pancreatic cancer. BioMed. Res. Int. 2013, Article ID 810423, 8 pages. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/810423.
  • Bisht, S., Feldmann, G., Soni, S., Ravi, R., Karikar, C., Maitra, A. and Maitra, A. (2007). Polymeric nanoparticle-encapsulated curcumin (“nanocurcumin”): A novel strategy for human cancer therapy. J. Nanobiotechnology. 5:3.
  • Bisht, S., Mizuma, M., Feldmann, G., Ottenhof, N. A., Hong, S.-M., Pramanik, D., Chenna, V., Karikari, C., Sharma, R. and Goggins, M. G. (2010). Systemic administration of polymeric nanoparticle-encapsulated curcumin (NanoCurc) blocks tumor growth and metastases in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer. Mol. Cancer Ther. 9:2255–2264.
  • Bowman, T., Garcia, R., Turkson, J. and Jove, R. (2000). STATs in oncogenesis. Oncogene. 19:2474–2488.
  • Bromberg, J. (2000). Signal transducers and activators of transcription as regulators of growth, apoptosis and breast development. Breast Cancer Res. 2:86.
  • Burger, R. A., Sill, M. W., Monk, B. J., Greer, B. E. and Sorosky, J. I. (2007). Phase II trial of bevacizumab in persistent or recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer or primary peritoneal cancer: A gynecologic oncology group study. J. Clin. Oncol. 25:5165–5171.
  • Buys, C. H. C. M. (2000). Telomeres, telomerase, and cancer. New England J. Med. 342:1282–1283.
  • Calaf, G. (2012). Effect of curcumin on irradiated and estrogen-transformed human breast cell lines. Int. J. Oncol. 40:436–442.
  • Calaf, G. M., Echiburu-Chau, C., Ror, D., Chai, Y., Wen, G. and Balajee, A. S. (2011). Protective role of curcumin in oxidative stress of breast cells. Oncol. Rep. 26:1029–1035.
  • Cao, A. L., Tang, Q. F., Zhou, W. C., Qiu, Y. Y., Hu, S. J. and Yin, P. H. (2014). Ras/ERK signaling pathway is involved in curcumin-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human gastric carcinoma AGS cells. J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res. 17:56–63.
  • Castedo, M., Perfettini, J.-L., Roumier, T., Andreau, K., Medema, R. and Kroemer, G. (2004). Cell death by mitotic catastrophe: A molecular definition. Oncogene. 23:2825–2837.
  • Chadalapaka, G., Jutooru, I., Chintharlapalli, S., Papineni, S., Smith, R., Li, X. and Safe, S. (2008). Curcumin decreases specificity protein expression in bladder cancer cells. Cancer Res. 68:5345–5354.
  • Chakravarti, N., Kadara, H., Yoon, D.-J., Shay, J. W., Myers, J. N., Lotan, D., Sonenberg, N. and Lotan, R. (2010). Differential inhibition of protein translation machinery by curcumin in normal, immortalized, and malignant oral epithelial cells. Cancer Prev. Res. 3:331–338.
  • Chakravarti, N., Myers, J. N. and Aggarwal, B. B. (2006). Targeting constitutive and interleukin-6-inducible signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 pathway in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells by curcumin (diferuloylmethane). Int. J. Cancer. 119:1268–1275.
  • Chan, M. M.-Y., Huang, H.-I., Fenton, M. R. and Fong, D. (1998). In vivo inhibition of nitric oxide synthase gene expression by curcumin, a cancer preventive natural product with anti-inflammatory properties. Biochem. Pharmacol. 55:1955–1962.
  • Chang, K.-W., Hung, P.-S., Lin, I. Y., Hou, C.-P., Chen, L.-K., Tsai, Y.-M. and Lin, S.-C. (2010). Curcumin upregulates insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) and C/EBPα during oral cancer suppression. Int. J. Cancer. 127:9–20.
  • Charpentier, M. S., Whipple, R. A., Vitolo, M. I., Boggs, A. E., Slovic, J., Thompson, K. N., Bhandary, L. and Martin, S. S. (2013). Curcumin targets breast cancer stem-like cells with microtentacles that persist in mammospheres and promote reattachment. Cancer Res. 74:1250–1260.
  • Chauhan, D. (2002). Chemotherapeutic potential of curcumin for colorectal cancer. CPD. 8:1695–1706.
  • Chearwae, W., Anuchapreeda, S., Nandigama, K., Ambudkar, S. V. and Limtrakul, P. (2004). Biochemical mechanism of modulation of human P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) by curcumin I, II, and III purified from Turmeric powder. Biochem. Pharmacol. 68:2043–2052.
  • Chen, B., Zhang, Y., Wang, Y., Rao, J., Jiang, X. and Xu, Z. (2014). Curcumin inhibits proliferation of breast cancer cells through Nrf2-mediated down-regulation of Fen1 expression. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 143:11–18.
  • Cheng, A.-L., Hsu, C.-H., Lin, J.-K., Hsu, M.-M., Ho, Y.-F., Shen, T.-S., Ko, J.-Y., Lin, J.-T., Lin, B.-R. and Ming-Shiang, W. (2001). Phase I clinical trial of curcumin, a chemopreventive agent, in patients with high-risk or pre-malignant lesions. Anticancer Res. 21:2895–2900.
  • Chiablaem, K., Lirdprapamongkol, K., Keeratichamroen, S., Surarit, R. and Svasti, J. (2014). Curcumin suppresses vasculogenic mimicry capacity of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through STAT3 and PI3K/AKT inhibition. Anticancer Res. 34:1857–1864.
  • Chisholm, K., Bray, B. J. and Rosengren, R. J. (2004). Tamoxifen and epigallocatechin gallate are synergistically cytotoxic to MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Anti-Cancer Drugs. 15:889–897.
  • Choudhuri, T., Pal, S., Agwarwal, M. L., Das, T. and Sa, G. (2002). Curcumin induces apoptosis in human breast cancer cells through p53-dependent Bax induction. FEBS Lett. 512:334–340.
  • Chuang, S.-E., Cheng, A.-L., Lin, J.-K. and Kuo, M.-L. (2000). Inhibition by curcumin of diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatic hyperplasia, inflammation, cellular gene products and cell-cycle-related proteins in rats. Food Chem. Toxicol. 38:991–995.
  • Chung, S. S. and Vadgama, J. V. (2015). Curcumin and epigallocatechin gallate inhibit the cancer stem cell phenotype via down-regulation of STAT3–NFκB signaling. Anticancer Res. 35:39–46.
  • Clark, L. C. (1996). Effects of selenium supplementation for cancer prevention in patients with carcinoma of the skin. JAMA. 276:1957.
  • Clark, L. C., Combs, G. F., Turnbull, B. W., Slate, E. H., Chalker, D. K., Chow, J., Davis, L. S., Glover, R. A., Graham, G. F. and Gross, E. G. (1996). Effects of selenium supplementation for cancer prevention in patients with carcinoma of the skin: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 276:1957–1963.
  • Cohen, A. N., Veena, M. S., Srivatsan, E. S. and Wang, M. B. (2009). Suppression of interleukin 6 and 8 production in head and neck cancer cells with curcumin via inhibition of Iκβ kinase. Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 135:190.
  • Da, W., Zhu, J., Wang, L. and Sun, Q. (2015). Curcumin suppresses lymphatic vessel density in an in vivo human gastric cancer model. Tumor Biol. 36:5215–5223.
  • Dang, Y.-P., Yuan, X.-Y., Tian, R., Li, D.-G. and Liu, W. (2015). Curcumin improves the paclitaxel-induced apoptosis of HPV-positive human cervical cancer cells via the NF-Κb-p53-caspase-3 pathway. Exp. Ther. Med. 9:1470–1476.
  • Das, K. C. and Das, C. K. (2002). Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a singlet oxygen quencher. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 295:62–66.
  • de Paiva Gonçalves, V., Ortega, A. A. C., Guimarães, M. R., Curylofo, F. A., Junior, C. R., Ribeiro, D. A. and Spolidorio, L. C. (2015). Chemopreventive activity of systemically administered curcumin on oral cancer in the 4-nitroquinoline 1‐oxide model. J. Cell. Biochem. 116:787–796.
  • Degterev, A. and Yuan, J. (2008). Expansion and evolution of cell death programmes. Nature Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 9:378–390.
  • Deng, G., Yu, J., Ye, Z. and Hu, Z. (2008). Curcumin inhibits the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and androgen-independent prostate cancer cell line PC-3 in vitro. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 14:116–121.
  • Devi, Y. S., DeVine, M., DeKuiper, J., Ferguson, S. and Fazleabas, A. T. (2015). Inhibition of IL-6 signaling pathway by curcumin in uterine decidual cells. PloS One. 10:e0125627.
  • Dhule, S. S., Penfornis, P., He, J., Harris, M. R., Terry, T., John, V. and Pochampally, R. (2014). The combined effect of encapsulating curcumin and C6 ceramide in liposomal nanoparticles against osteosarcoma. Mol. Pharmaceut. 11:417–427.
  • Divya, C. S. and Pillai, M. R. (2006). Antitumor action of curcumin in human papillomavirus associated cells involves downregulation of viral oncogenes, prevention of NFkB and AP-1 translocation, and modulation of apoptosis. Mol. Carcinog. 45:320–332.
  • Dorai, T., Cao, Y. C., Dorai, B., Buttyan, R. and Katz, A. E. (2001). Therapeutic potential of curcumin in human prostate cancer. III. Curcumin inhibits proliferation, induces apoptosis, and inhibits angiogenesis of LNCaP prostate cancer cells in vivo. The Prostate. 47:293–303.
  • Dorai, T., Diouri, J., O'Shea, O. and Doty, S. B. (2014). Curcumin inhibits prostate cancer bone metastasis by up-regulating bone morphogenic protein-7 in vivo. J. Cancer Ther. 05:369–386.
  • Duan, W., Chang, Y., Li, R., Xu, Q., Lei, J., Yin, C., Li, T., Wu, Y., Ma, Q. and Li, X. (2014). Curcumin inhibits hypoxia inducible�factor-1α-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Mol. Med. Rep. 10:2505–2510.
  • Duarte, V. M., Han, E., Veena, M. S., Salvado, A., Suh, J. D., Liang, L. J., Faull, K. F., Srivatsan, E. S. and Wang, M. B. (2010). Curcumin enhances the effect of cisplatin in suppression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma via inhibition of IKK protein of the NF B pathway. Mol. Cancer Ther. 9:2665–2675.
  • Duvoix, A., Blasius, R., Delhalle, S., Schnekenburger, M., Morceau, F., Henry, E., Dicato, M. and Diederich, M. (2005). Chemopreventive and therapeutic effects of curcumin. Cancer Lett. 223:181–190.
  • Ejaz, A., Wu, D., Kwan, P. and Meydani, M. (2009). Curcumin inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and angiogenesis and obesity in C57/BL mice. J. Nutrition. 139:919–925.
  • ElAttar, T. M. A. and Virji, A. S. (1999). Modulating effect of resveratrol and quercetin on oral cancer cell growth and proliferation. Anti-Cancer Drugs. 10:187–194.
  • Eom, D.-W., Lee, J. H., Kim, Y.-J., Hwang, G. S., Kim, S.-N., Kwak, J. H., Cheon, G. J., Kim, K. H., Jang, H.-J., Ham, J., Kang, K. S. and Yamabe, N. (2015). Synergistic effect of curcumin on epigallocatechin gallate-induced anticancer action in PC3 prostate cancer cells. BMB Rep. 48:461–466.
  • Esmatabadi, M. D., Farhangi, B., Safari, Z., Kazerooni, H., Shirzad, H., Zolghadr, F. and Sadeghizadeh, M. (2015). Dendrosomal curcumin inhibits metastatic potential of human SW480 colon cancer cells through down-regulation of claudin1, zeb1 and hef1-1 gene expression. Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. 16:2473–2481.
  • Faião-Flores, F., Quincoces Suarez, J. A., Fruet, A. C., Maria-Engler, S. S., Pardi, P. C. and Maria, D. A. (2015). Curcumin analog DM-1 in monotherapy or combinatory treatment with dacarbazine as a strategy to inhibit in vivo melanoma progression. PloS One. 10:e0118702.
  • Fan, Z., Duan, X., Cai, H., Wang, L., Li, M., Qu, J., Li, W., Wang, Y. and Wang, J. (2015). Curcumin inhibits the invasion of lung cancer cells by modulating the PKCα/Nox-2/ROS/ATF-2/MMP-9 signaling pathway. Oncol. Rep. 34:691–698.
  • Farhangi, B., Alizadeh, A. M., Khodayari, H., Khodayari, S., Dehghan, M. J., Khori, V., Heidarzadeh, A., Khaniki, M., Sadeghiezadeh, M. and Najafi, F. (2015). Protective effects of dendrosomal curcumin on an animal metastatic breast tumor. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 758:188–196.
  • Fiala, M. (2015). Curcumin and omega-3 fatty acids enhance NK cell-induced apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells but curcumin inhibits interferon-γ production: Benefits of omega-3 with curcumin against cancer. Molecules. 20:3020–3026.
  • Fossey, S. L., Bear, M. D., Lin, J., Li, C., Schwartz, E. B., Li, P.-K., Fuchs, J. R., Fenger, J., Kisseberth, W. C. and London, C. A. (2011). The novel curcumin analog FLLL32 decreases STAT3 DNA binding activity and expression, and induces apoptosis in osteosarcoma cell lines. BMC Cancer. 11:112.
  • Friedman, L., Lin, L., Ball, S., Bekaii-Saab, T., Fuchs, J., Li, P.-K., Li, C. and Lin, J. (2009). Curcumin analogues exhibit enhanced growth suppressive activity in human pancreatic cancer cells. Anti-Cancer Drugs. 20:444–449.
  • Fujimoto, K. and Takahashi, M. (1997). Telomerase activity in human leukemic cell lines is inhibited by antisense pentadecadeoxynucleotides targeted against c-myc mRNA. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 241:775–781.
  • Gandhi, P., Khan, Z. and Chakraverty, N. (2011). Soluble curcumin: A promising oral supplement for health management. J. Appl. Pharmaceut. Sci. 1:1–7.
  • Gerson, S. J. (1990). Oral cancer. Crit. Rev. Oral Biol. Med. 1:153–166.
  • Gescher, A., Pastorino, U., Plummer, S. M. and Manson, M. M. (1998). Suppression of tumour development by substances derived from the diet-mechanisms and clinical implications. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 45:1–12.
  • Glienke, W., Maute, L., Wicht, J. and Bergmann, L. (2009). Curcumin inhibits constitutive STAT3 phosphorylation in human pancreatic cancer cell lines and downregulation of survivin/BIRC5 gene expression. Cancer Invest. 28:166–171.
  • Goel, A., Kunnumakkara, A. B. and Aggarwal, B. B. (2008). Curcumin as “Curecumin”: From kitchen to clinic. Biochem. Pharmacol. 75:787–809.
  • Gomez-Bougie, P., Halliez, M., Maïga, S., Godon, C., Kervoëlen, C., Pellat-Deceunynck, C., Moreau, P. and Amiot, M. (2014). Curcumin induces cell death of the main molecular myeloma subtypes, particularly the poor prognosis subgroups. Cancer Biol. Therapy. 16:60–65.
  • Gonzales, A. M. and Orlando, R. A. (2008). Curcumin and resveratrol inhibit nuclear factor-kappaB-mediated cytokine expression in adipocytes. Nutr. Metab. 5:17.
  • Guo, F. and Xu, C. J. (2005). Progress on the study of mechanism of the direct action of TCM bioactive components on ovarian cancer. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi Jiehe Zazhi. Chinese J. Integrated Traditional Western Med. 25:1140–1144.
  • Guo, L. D., Shen, Y. Q., Zhao, X. H., Guo, L. J., Yu, Z. J., Wang, D., Liu, L. M. and Liu, J. Z. (2015). Curcumin combined with oxaliplatin effectively suppress colorectal carcinoma in vivo through inducing apoptosis. Phytother. Res. 29:357–365.
  • Gupta, S. C., Patchva, S., Koh, W. and Aggarwal, B. B. (2012). Discovery of curcumin, a component of golden spice, and its miraculous biological activities. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 39:283–299.
  • Halder, R. C., Almasi, A., Sagong, B., Leung, J., Jewett, A. and Fiala, M. (2015). Curcuminoids and ω-3 fatty acids with anti-oxidants potentiate cytotoxicity of natural killer cells against pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells and inhibit interferon γ production. Front. Physiol. 6.
  • Herr, H. W. and Morales, A. (2008). History of bacillus calmette-guerin and bladder cancer: An immunotherapy success story. J. Urol. 179:53–56.
  • Hirose, Y. and Ohnishi, M. (1997). Chemoprevention by naturally occurring and synthetic agents in oral, liver, and large bowel carcinogenesis. J. Cell. Biochem. Suppl. 27:35–41.
  • Hodgson, R. M., Wiessler, M. and Kleihues, P. (1980). Preferential methylation of target organ DNA by the oesophageal carcinogen N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine. Carcinogenesis. 1:861–866.
  • Holmäng, S. (2000). Follow-up of patients with noninvasive and superficially invasive bladder cancer. Semin. Urol. Oncol. 18:273–279.
  • Holy, J. M. (2002). Curcumin disrupts mitotic spindle structure and induces micronucleation in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Mutat. Res./Genetic Toxicol. Environ. Mutagenesis. 518:71–84.
  • Homesley, H. D., Filiaci, V., Markman, M., Bitterman, P., Eaton, L., Kilgore, L. C., Monk, B. J. and Ueland, F. R. (2007). Phase III trial of ifosfamide with or without paclitaxel in advanced uterine carcinosarcoma: A gynecologic oncology group study. J. Clin. Oncol. 25:526–531.
  • Hong, R.-L., Spohn, W. H. and Hung, M.-C. (1999). Curcumin inhibits tyrosine kinase activity of p185neu and also depletes p185neu. Clin. Cancer Res. 5:1884–1891.
  • Hsu, C.-H. and Cheng, A.-L. Clinical studies with curcumin. In: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, pp. 471–480. Springer Science, London.
  • Huang, M.-T., Robertson, F. M., Lysz, T., Ferraro, T., Wang, Z. Y., Georgiadis, C. A., Laskin, J. D. and Conney, A. H. (1992). Inhibitory effects of curcumin on carcinogenesis in mouse epidermis. In: ACS Symposium Series, pp. 338–349. American Chemical Society (ACS).
  • Inano, H. and Onoda, M. (2002). Prevention of radiation-induced mammary tumors. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 52:212–223.
  • Iqbal, M., Sharma, S. D., Okazaki, Y., Fujisawa, M. and Okada, S. (2003). Dietary Supplementation of curcumin enhances antioxidant and phase II metabolizing enzymes in ddY male mice: Possible role in protection against chemical carcinogenesis and toxicity. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 92:33–38.
  • Ireson, C., Orr, S., Jones, D. J., Verschoyle, R., Lim, C.-K., Luo, J.-L., Howells, L., Plummer, S., Jukes, R. and Williams, M. (2001). Characterization of metabolites of the chemopreventive agent curcumin in human and rat hepatocytes and in the rat in vivo, and evaluation of their ability to inhibit phorbol ester-induced prostaglandin E2 production. Cancer Res. 61:1058–1064.
  • Ireson, C. R., Jones, D. J., Orr, S., Coughtrie, M. W., Boocock, D. J., Williams, M. L., Farmer, P. B., Steward, W. P. and Gescher, A. J. (2002). Metabolism of the cancer chemopreventive agent curcumin in human and rat intestine. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 11:105–111.
  • Ito, M., Niho, S., Nihei, K., Yoh, K., Ohmatsu, H. and Ohe, Y. (2012). Risk factors associated with fatal pulmonary hemorrhage in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy. BMC Cancer. 12:27.
  • Jain, A., Samykutty, A., Jackson, C., Browning, D., Bollag, W. B., Thangaraju, M., Takahashi, S. and Singh, S. R. (2015). Curcumin inhibits PhIP induced cytotoxicity in breast epithelial cells through multiple molecular targets. Cancer Lett. 365:122–131.
  • Jana, N. R. (2004). Inhibition of proteasomal function by curcumin induces apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 279:11680–11685.
  • Jaruga, E., Salvioli, S., Dobrucki, J., Chrul, S., Bandorowicz-Pikuła, J., Sikora, E., Franceschi, C., Cossarizza, A. and Bartosz, G. (1998a). Apoptosis-like, reversible changes in plasma membrane asymmetry and permeability, and transient modifications in mitochondrial membrane potential induced by curcumin in rat thymocytes. FEBS Lett. 433:287–293.
  • Jaruga, E., Sokal, A., Chrul, S. and Bartosz, G. (1998b). Apoptosis-independent alterations in membrane dynamics induced by curcumin. Exp. Cell Res. 245:303–312.
  • Jee, S.-H., Shen, S.-C., Kuo, M.-L., Tseng, C.-R. and Chiu, H.-C. (1998). Curcumin induces a p53-dependent apoptosis in human basal cell carcinoma cells. J. Inves. Dermatol. 111:656–661.
  • Jemal, A., Siegel, R., Ward, E., Murray, T., Xu, J. and Thun, M. J. (2007). Cancer statistics, 2007. CA: A Cancer J. Clin. 57:43–66.
  • Jemal, A., Thomas, A., Murray, T. and Thun, M. (2002). Cancer statistics, 2002. CA: A Cancer J. Clin. 52:23–47.
  • Jiang, A.-J., Jiang, G., Li, L.-T. and Zheng, J.-N. (2014). Curcumin induces apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway and caspases activation in human melanoma cells. Mol. Biol. Rep. 42:267–275.
  • Jiao, H., Berrada, K., Yang, W., Tabrizi, M., Platanias, L. C. and Yi, T. (1996). Direct association with and dephosphorylation of Jak2 kinase by the SH2-domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16:6985–6992.
  • Jin, S., Xu, H.-G., Shen, J.-N., Chen, X.-W., Wang, H. and Zhou, J.-G. (2009). Apoptotic effects of curcumin on human osteosarcoma U2OS cells. Orthop. Surg. 1:144–152.
  • Jobin, C., Bradham, C. A., Russo, M. P., Juma, B., Narula, A. S., Brenner, D. A. and Sartor, R. B. (1999). Curcumin blocks cytokine-mediated NF-κB activation and proinflammatory gene expression by inhibiting inhibitory factor I-κB kinase activity. J. Immunol. 163:3474–3483.
  • John, A. and Tuszynski, G. (2001). The role of matrix metalloproteinases in tumor angiogenesis and tumor metastasis. Pathol. Oncol. Res. 7:14–23.
  • Kamat, A. M., Tharakan, S. T., Sung, B. and Aggarwal, B. B. (2009a). Curcumin potentiates the antitumor effects of bacillus calmette-guerin against bladder cancer through the downregulation of NF- B and upregulation of TRAIL receptors. Cancer Res. 69:8958–8966.
  • Kamat, A. M., Tharakan, S. T., Sung, B. and Aggarwal, B. B. (2009b). Curcumin potentiates the antitumor effects of bacillus calmette-guerin against bladder cancer through the downregulation of NF-κB and upregulation of TRAIL receptors. Cancer Res. 69:8958–8966.
  • Kang, N., Wang, M.-M., Wang, Y.-H., Zhang, Z.-N., Cao, H.-R., Lv, Y.-H., Yang, Y., Fan, P.-H., Qiu, F. and Gao, X.-M. (2014). Tetrahydrocurcumin induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis involving p38 MAPK activation in human breast cancer cells. Food Chem. Toxicol. 67:193–200.
  • Karin, M. and Ben-Neriah, Y. (2000). Phosphorylation meets ubiquitination: The control of NF-κB activity. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 18:621–663.
  • Karunagaran, D., Rashmi, R. and Kumar, T. (2005). Induction of apoptosis by curcumin and its implications for cancer therapy. Curr. Cancer Drug Targets. 5:117–129.
  • Kawamori, T., Lubet, R., Steele, V. E., Kelloff, G. J., Kaskey, R. B., Rao, C. V. and Reddy, B. S. (1999). Chemopreventive effect of curcumin, a naturally occurring anti-inflammatory agent, during the promotion/progression stages of colon cancer. Cancer Res. 59:597–601.
  • Kelloff, G. J. (1999). Perspectives on cancer chemoprevention research and drug development. In: Advances in Cancer Research, pp. 199–334. Academic Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.
  • Kesharwani, P., Banerjee, S., Padhye, S., Sarkar, F. H. and Iyer, A. K. (2015). Parenterally administrable nano-micelles of 3, 4-difluorobenzylidene curcumin for treating pancreatic cancer. Colloids Surf. B: Biointerfaces. 132:138–145.
  • Khafif, A., Lev-Ari, S., Vexler, A., Barnea, I., Starr, A., Karaush, V., Haif, S. and Ben-Yosef, R. (2009). Curcumin: A potential radio-enhancer in head and neck cancer. Laryngoscope. 119:2019–2026.
  • Khan, M., Akhtar, N., Sharma, V. and Pathak, K. (2015). Product development studies on sonocrystallized curcumin for the treatment of gastric cancer. Pharmaceutics. 7:43–63.
  • Kim, B., Kim, H. S., Jung, E.-J., Lee, J. Y., K. Tsang, B., Lim, J. M. and Song, Y. S. (2015). Curcumin induces ER stress-mediated apoptosis through selective generation of reactive oxygen species in cervical cancer cells. Mol. Carcinog. 55:918–928.
  • Kim, H., Park, J., Tak, K.-H., Bu, S. Y. and Kim, E. (2014). Chemopreventive effects of curcumin on chemically induced mouse skin carcinogenesis in BK5.insulin-like growth factor-1 transgenic mice. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Anim. 50:883–892.
  • Kim, S. G., Veena, M. S., Basak, S. K., Han, E., Tajima, T., Gjertson, D. W., Starr, J., Eidelman, O., Pollard, H. B. and Srivastava, M. (2011a). Curcumin treatment suppresses IKKβ kinase activity of salivary cells of patients with head and neck cancer: A pilot study. Clin. Cancer Res. 17:5953–5961.
  • Kim, S. G., Veena, M. S., Basak, S. K., Han, E., Tajima, T., Gjertson, D. W., Starr, J., Eidelman, O., Pollard, H. B., Srivastava, M., Srivatsan, E. S. and Wang, M. B. (2011b). Curcumin treatment suppresses IKK kinase activity of salivary cells of patients with head and neck cancer: A pilot study. Clin. Cancer Res. 17:5953–5961.
  • Kim, S.-R., Park, H.-J., Bae, Y.-H., Ahn, S.-C., Wee, H.-J., Yun, I., Jang, H.-O., Bae, M.-K. and Bae, S.-K. (2012). Curcumin down-regulates visfatin expression and inhibits breast cancer cell invasion. Endocrinology. 153:554–563.
  • Ko, Y.-C., Lien, J.-C., Liu, H.-C., Hsu, S.-C., Ji, B.-C., Yang, M.-D., Hsu, W.-H. and Chung, J.-G. (2015). Demethoxycurcumin induces the apoptosis of human lung cancer NCI-H460 cells through the mitochondrial-dependent pathway. Oncol. Rep. 2429–2437.
  • Kondo, A., Mogi, M., Koshihara, Y. and Togari, A. (2001). Signal transduction system for interleukin-6 and interleukin-11 synthesis stimulated by epinephrine in human osteoblasts and human osteogenic sarcoma cells. Biochem. Pharmacol. 61:319–326.
  • Kondo, A., Takeda, T., Li, B., Tsuiji, K., Kitamura, M., Wong, T. F. and Yaegashi, N. (2013). Epigallocatechin-3-gallate potentiates curcumin's ability to suppress uterine leiomyosarcoma cell growth and induce apoptosis. Int. J. Clin. Oncol. 18:380–388.
  • Korutla, L. and Kumar, R. (1994). Inhibitory effect of curcumin on epidermal growth factor receptor kinase activity in A431 cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA) - Mol. Cell Res. 1224:597–600.
  • Kronski, E., Fiori, M. E., Barbieri, O., Astigiano, S., Mirisola, V., Killian, P. H., Bruno, A., Pagani, A., Rovera, F., Pfeffer, U., Sommerhoff, C. P., Noonan, D. M., Nerlich, A. G., Fontana, L. and Bachmeier, B. E. (2014). miR181b is induced by the chemopreventive polyphenol curcumin and inhibits breast cancer metastasis via down-regulation of the inflammatory cytokines CXCL1 and -2. Mol. Oncol. 8:581–595.
  • Kumar, A., Dhawan, S., Hardegen, N. J. and Aggarwal, B. B. (1998). Curcumin (Diferuloylmethane) inhibition of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells by suppression of cell surface expression of adhesion molecules and of nuclear factor-κB activation. Biochem. Pharmacol. 55:775–783.
  • Kunnumakkara, A. B., Guha, S., Krishnan, S., Diagaradjane, P., Gelovani, J. and Aggarwal, B. B. (2007). Curcumin potentiates antitumor activity of gemcitabine in an orthotopic model of pancreatic cancer through suppression of proliferation, angiogenesis, and inhibition of nuclear factor- B-Regulated gene products. Cancer Res. 67:3853–3861.
  • Kunnumakkara, A. B., Sung, B., Ravindran, J., Diagaradjane, P., Deorukhkar, A., Dey, S., Koca, C., Yadav, V. R., Tong, Z. and Gelovani, J. G. (2010). γ-Tocotrienol inhibits pancreatic tumors and sensitizes them to gemcitabine treatment by modulating the inflammatory microenvironment. Cancer Res. 70:8695–8705.
  • Kwak, H. J. (2006). Transforming growth factor- 1 induces tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 expression via activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Sp1 in human fibrosarcoma cells. Mol. Cancer Res. 4:209–220.
  • Labbozzetta, M., Notarbartolo, M., Poma, P., Maurici, A., Inguglia, L., Marchetti, P., Rizzi, M., Baruchello, R., Simoni, D. and D'Alessandro, N. (2009). Curcumin as a possible lead compound against hormone-independent, multidrug-resistant breast cancer. Annal. New York Acad. Sci. 1155:278–283.
  • Le, X., Shi, Q., Wang, B., Xiong, Q., Qian, C., Peng, Z., Li, X.-C., Tang, H., Abbruzzese, J. L. and Xie, K. (2000). Molecular regulation of constitutive expression of interleukin-8 in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma. J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 20:935–946.
  • Lee, A. Y. L., Fan, C. C., Chen, Y. A., Cheng, C. W., Sung, Y. J., Hsu, C. P. and Kao, T. Y. (2015). Curcumin inhibits invasiveness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in oral squamous cell carcinoma through reducing matrix metalloproteinase 2, 9 and modulating p53-E-cadherin pathway. Integr. Cancer Ther. 14:484–490.
  • Lee, D. S., Lee, M. K. and Kim, J. H. (2009). Curcumin induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human osteosarcoma (HOS) cells. Anticancer Res. 29:5039–5044.
  • Leite, K. R., Chade, D. C., Sanudo, A., Sakiyama, B. Y., Batocchio, G. and Srougi, M. (2009). Effects of curcumin in an orthotopic murine bladder tumor model. Int. Braz J. Urol. 35:599–607.
  • Lestari, M. L. A. D. and Indrayanto, G. (2014). Profiles of Drug Substances, Excipients and Related Methodology, pp. 113–204. Academic Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.
  • Lev-Ari, S., Starr, A., Katzburg, S., Berkovich, L., Rimmon, A., Ben-Yosef, R., Vexler, A., Ron, I. and Earon, G. (2014). Curcumin induces apoptosis and inhibits growth of orthotopic human non-small cell lung cancer xenografts. J. Nutr. Biochem. 25:843–850.
  • Levy, D. E. and Darnell, J. E. (2002). Signalling: STATs: Transcriptional control and biological impact. Nature Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 3:651–662.
  • Lewinska, A., Adamczyk, J., Pajak, J., Stoklosa, S., Kubis, B., Pastuszek, P., Slota, E. and Wnuk, M. (2014). Curcumin-mediated decrease in the expression of nucleolar organizer regions in cervical cancer (HeLa) cells. Mutat. Res./Genetic Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. 771:43–52.
  • Li-duan, Z., Qiang-song, T. and Cui-huan, W. (2006). Growth inhibition and apoptosis inducing mechanisms of curcumin on human ovarian cancer cell line A2780. Chin. J. Integr. Med. 12:126–131.
  • Li, L., Braiteh, F. S. and Kurzrock, R. (2005). Liposome-encapsulated curcumin. Cancer. 104:1322–1331.
  • Li, S., Yuan, W., Deng, G., Wang, P., Yang, P. and Aggarwal, B. (2011a). Chemical composition and product quality control of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). Faculty Publications. Paper 1. http://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/agriculture_facultypubs/1.
  • Li, X., Xie, W., Xie, C., Huang, C., Zhu, J., Liang, Z., Deng, F., Zhu, M., Zhu, W., Wu, R., Wu, J., Geng, S. and Zhong, C. (2014). Curcumin modulates miR-19/PTEN/AKT/p53 axis to suppress bisphenol A-induced MCF-7 breast cancer cell proliferation. Phytother. Res. 28:1553–1560.
  • Li, Y., Zhang, T., Schwartz, S. J. and Sun, D. (2011b). Sulforaphane potentiates the efficacy of 17-Allylamino 17-Demethoxygeldanamycin against pancreatic cancer through enhanced abrogation of Hsp90 chaperone function. Nutr. Cancer. 63:1151–1159.
  • Liang, T., Zhang, X., Xue, W., Zhao, S., Zhang, X. and Pei, J. (2014). Curcumin induced human gastric cancer BGC-823 cells apoptosis by ROS-mediated ASK1-MKK4-JNK stress signaling pathway. IJMS. 15:15754–15765.
  • Liduan, Z., Qiangsong, T. and Cuihuan, W. (2004). Growth-inhibitory effects of curcumin on ovary cancer cells and its mechanisms. J. Huazhong Univ. Sci. Technolog. Med. Sci. 24:55–58.
  • Lim, G. P., Yang, F., Chu, T., Chen, P.-P., Beech, W. K., Ubeda, O. and Frautschy, S. A. (2000). Ibuprofen reduces inflammation and plaque pathology in a mouse model for Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol. Aging. 21:17.
  • Limtrakul, P., Chearwae, W., Shukla, S., Phisalphong, C. and Ambudkar, S. V. (2006). Modulation of function of three ABC drug transporters, P-glycoprotein (ABCB1), mitoxantrone resistance protein (ABCG2) and multidrug resistance protein 1 (ABCC1) by tetrahydrocurcumin, a major metabolite of curcumin. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 296:85–95.
  • Lin, J.-K. and Lin-Shiau, S.-Y. (2001). Mechanisms of cancer chemoprevention by curcumin. Proc. Natl. Sci. Counc. Repub. China B. 25:59–66.
  • Lin, L., Hutzen, B., Ball, S., Foust, E., Sobo, M., Deangelis, S., Pandit, B., Friedman, L., Li, C., Li, P.-K., Fuchs, J. and Lin, J. (2009). New curcumin analogues exhibit enhanced growth-suppressive activity and inhibit AKT and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 phosphorylation in breast and prostate cancer cells. Cancer Sci. 100:1719–1727.
  • Lin, Y. G., Kunnumakkara, A. B., Nair, A., Merritt, W. M., Han, L. Y., Armaiz-Pena, G. N., Kamat, A. A., Spannuth, W. A., Gershenson, D. M., Lutgendorf, S. K., Aggarwal, B. B. and Sood, A. K. (2007). Curcumin inhibits tumor growth and angiogenesis in ovarian carcinoma by targeting the nuclear factor- B pathway. Clin. Cancer Res. 13:3423–3430.
  • Liu, C., Chen, Z., Hu, X., Wang, L., Li, C., Xue, J., Zhang, P., Chen, W. and Jiang, A. (2015). MicroRNA-185 downregulates androgen receptor expression in the LNCaP prostate carcinoma cell line. Mol. Med. Rep. 11:4625–4632.
  • Liu, H.-S., Ke, C.-S., Cheng, H.-C., Huang, C.-Y. F. and Su, C.-L. (2011). Curcumin-induced mitotic spindle defect and cell cycle arrest in human bladder cancer cells occurs partly through inhibition of aurora A. Mol. Pharmacol. 80:638–646.
  • LoTempio, M. M. (2005). Curcumin suppresses growth of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Clin. Cancer Res. 11:6994–7002.
  • Lu, Y.-P., Cheng, L. R., Huang, M.-T. and H. Conney, A. (1993). Inhibitory effect of curcumin on 12- O -tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced increase in ornithine decarboxylase mRNA in mouse epidermis. Carcinogenesis. 14:293–297.
  • Ma, J., Fang, B., Zeng, F., Pang, H., Zhang, J., Shi, Y., Wu, X., Cheng, L., Ma, C., Xia, J. and Wang, Z. (2014). Curcumin inhibits cell growth and invasion through up-regulation of miR-7 in pancreatic cancer cells. Toxicol. Lett. 231:82–91.
  • Magalska, A., Sliwinska, M., Szczepanowska, J., Salvioli, S., Franceschi, C. and Sikora, E. (2006). Resistance to apoptosis of HCW-2 cells can be overcome by curcumin- or vincristine-induced mitotic catastrophe. Int. J. Cancer. 119:1811–1818.
  • Mahmoud, N. N. (2000). Plant phenolics decrease intestinal tumors in an animal model of familial adenomatous polyposis. Carcinogenesis. 21:921–927.
  • Majid, S., Dar, A. A., Saini, S., Hirata, H., Shahryari, V., Tanaka, Y., Yamamura, S., Ueno, K., Zaman, M. S., Singh, K., Chang, I., Deng, G., Carroll, P. R. and Dahiya, R. (2011). MicroRNA-205 interdiction of Src-mediated oncogenic pathways in renal cancer. Cancer Res. 71:2936–2936.
  • Manjunatha, H. and Srinivasan, K. (2006). Protective effect of dietary curcumin and capsaicin on induced oxidation of low-density lipoprotein, iron-induced hepatotoxicity and carrageenan-induced inflammation in experimental rats. FEBS J. 273:4528–4537.
  • Marczylo, T. H., Verschoyle, R. D., Cooke, D. N., Morazzoni, P., Steward, W. P. and Gescher, A. J. (2006). Comparison of systemic availability of curcumin with that of curcumin formulated with phosphatidylcholine. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 60:171–177.
  • Marquardt, J. U., Gomez-Quiroz, L., Arreguin Camacho, L. O., Pinna, F., Lee, Y.-H., Kitade, M., Domínguez, M. P., Castven, D., Breuhahn, K., Conner, E. A., Galle, P. R., Andersen, J. B., Factor, V. M. and Thorgeirsson, S. S. (2015). Curcumin effectively inhibits oncogenic NF-κB signaling and restrains stemness features in liver cancer. J. Hepatology. 63:661–669.
  • Masuelli, L., Di Stefano, E., Fantini, M., Mattera, R., Benvenuto, M., Marzocchella, L., Sacchetti, P., Focaccetti, C., Bernardini, R., Tresoldi, I., Izzi, V., Mattei, M., Frajese, G. V., Lista, F., Modesti, A. and Bei, R. (2014). Resveratrol potentiates the in vitro and in vivo anti-tumoral effects of curcumin in head and neck carcinomas. Oncotarget. 5:10745–10762.
  • Maute, L., Wicht, J. and Bergmann, L. (2009). Wilms' tumour gene 1 (WT1) as a target in curcumin treatment of pancreatic cancer cells. Eur. J. Cancer. 45:874–880.
  • Mehta, H. J., Patel, V. and Sadikot, R. T. (2014). Curcumin and lung cancer-a review. Targeted Oncol. 9:295–310.
  • Mezzanotte, L., An, N., Mol, I. M., Löwik, C. W. G. M. and Kaijzel, E. L. (2014). A new multicolor bioluminescence imaging platform to investigate NF-κB activity and apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. PloS One. 9:e85550.
  • Mishra, S., Tripathi, R., Srivastava, S., Dwivedi, S., Trivedi, P., Dhankher, O. and Khare, A. (2009). Thiol metabolism play significant role during cadmium detoxification by Ceratophyllum demersum L. Bioresour. Technol. 100:2155–2161.
  • Mohan Yallapu, M., Ray Dobberpuhl, M., Michele Maher, D., Jaggi, M. and Chand Chauhan, S. (2012). Design of curcumin loaded cellulose nanoparticles for prostate cancer. CDM. 13:120–128.
  • Mohankumar, K., Pajaniradje, S., Sridharan, S., Singh, V. K., Ronsard, L., Banerjea, A. C., Benson, C. S., Coumar, M. S. and Rajagopalan, R. (2014). Mechanism of apoptotic induction in human breast cancer cell, MCF-7, by an analog of curcumin in comparison with curcumin – an in vitro and in silico approach. Chem. Biol. Interact. 210:51–63.
  • Morales, A., Eidinger, D. and Bruce, A. W. (2002). Intracavitary bacillus calmette-guerin in the treatment of superficial bladder tumors. J. Urology. 167:891–894.
  • Morin, D., Barthélémy, S., Zini, R., Labidalle, S. and Tillement, J.-P. (2001). Curcumin induces the mitochondrial permeability transition pore mediated by membrane protein thiol oxidation. FEBS Lett. 495:131–136.
  • Motilva, V., Martin, M. J., Luque, M. I. and Alarcön de la Lastra, C. (1996). Role of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and oxygen-derived free radicals in chronic gastric lesion induced by acetic acid in rat. Gen. Pharmacol. 27:545–550.
  • Mukhopadhyay, A., Banerjee, S., Stafford, L. J., Xia, C., Liu, M. and Aggarwal, B. B. (2002). Curcumin-induced suppression of cell proliferation correlates with down-regulation of cyclin D1 expression and CDK4-mediated retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation. Oncogene. 21:8852–8861.
  • Mukhopadhyay, A., Bueso-Ramos, C., Chatterjee, D., Pantazis, P. and Aggarwal, B. B. (2001). Curcumin downregulates cell survival mechanisms in human prostate cancer cell lines. Oncogene. 20:7597–7609.
  • Nagaraju, G. P., Zhu, S., Ko, J. E., Ashritha, N., Kandimalla, R., Snyder, J. P., Shoji, M. and El-Rayes, B. F. (2015). Antiangiogenic effects of a novel synthetic curcumin analogue in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett. 357:557–565.
  • Nakagawa-Goto, K., Yamada, K., Nakamura, S., Chen, T.-H., Chiang, P.-C., Bastow, K. F., Wang, S.-C., Spohn, B., Hung, M.-C., Lee, F.-Y., Lee, F.-C. and Lee, K.-H. (2007). Antitumor agents. 258. Syntheses and evaluation of dietary antioxidant-taxoid conjugates as novel cytotoxic agents. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 17:5204–5209.
  • Nakamura, K., Yasunaga, Y., Segawa, T., Ko, D., Moul, J., Srivastava, S. and Rhim, J. (2002). Curcumin down-regulates AR gene expression and activation in prostate cancer cell lines. Int. J. Oncol. 21:825–830.
  • Nirmala, C. and Puvanakrishnan, R. (1996). Protective role of curcumin against isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in rats. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 159:85–93.
  • Norris, I., Sriganth, P. and Premalatha, B. (1999). Dietary curcumin with cisplatin administration modulates tumour marker indices in experimental fibrosarcoma. Pharmacol. Res. 39:175–179.
  • Ogata, Y., Osaki, T., Naka, T., Iwahori, K., Furukawa, M., Nagatomo, I., Kijima, T., Kumagai, T., Yoshida, M., Tachibana, I. and Kawase, I. (2006). Overexpression of PIAS3 suppresses cell growth, restores the drug sensitivity of human lung cancer cells in association with PI3-K/Akt Inactivation. Neoplasia. 8:817–825.
  • Ohta, Y., Kobayashi, T. and Ishiguro, I. (1999). Role of endogenous serotonin and histamine in the pathogenesis of gastric mucosal lesions in unanaesthetised rats with a single treatment of compound 48/80, a mast cell degranulator. Pharmacol. Res. 39:261–267.
  • Onoda, M. and Inano, H. (2000). Effect of curcumin on the production of nitric oxide by cultured rat mammary gland. Nitric Oxide. 4:505–515.
  • Pahl, H. L. (1999). Activators and target genes of Rel/NF-κB transcription factors. Oncogene. 18:6853–6866.
  • Papież, M. A. (2012). The influence of curcumin and (−)-epicatechin on the genotoxicity and myelosuppression induced by etoposide in bone marrow cells of male rats. Drug Chem. Toxicol. 36:93–101.
  • Parkin, D. M., Bray, F., Ferlay, J. and Pisani, P. (2005). Global cancer statistics, 2002. CA: A Cancer J. Clin. 55:74–108.
  • Pendurthi, U. R., Williams, J. T. and Rao, L. V. M. (1997). Inhibition of Tissue factor gene activation in cultured endothelial cells by curcumin : suppression of activation of transcription factors Egr-1, AP-1, and NF- B. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 17:3406–3413.
  • Periyasamy, S. and Sánchez, E. R. (2002). Antagonism of glucocorticoid receptor transactivity and cell growth inhibition by transforming growth factor-β through AP-1-mediated transcriptional repression. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 34:1571–1585.
  • Phillips, J. M., Clark, C., Herman-Ferdinandez, L., Moore-Medlin, T., Rong, X., Gill, J. R., Clifford, J. L., Abreo, F. and Nathan, C. A. O. (2011). Curcumin inhibits skin squamous cell carcinoma tumor growth in vivo. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 145:58–63.
  • Piguet, P. (1989a). Is“ tumor necrosis factor” the major effector of pulmonary fibrosis? Eur. Cytokine Netw. 1:257–258.
  • Piguet, P. F. (1989b). Tumor necrosis factor/cachectin plays a key role in bleomycin-induced pneumopathy and fibrosis. J. Exp. Med. 170:655–663.
  • Piwocka, K., Zabłocki, K., Więckowski, M. R., Skierski, J., Feiga, I., Szopa, J., Drela, N., Wojtczak, L. and Sikora, E. (1999). A novel apoptosis-like pathway, independent of mitochondria and caspases, induced by curcumin in human lymphoblastoid T (Jurkat) cells. Exp. Cell Res. 249:299–307.
  • Radhakrishnan, V. M., Kojs, P., Young, G., Ramalingam, R., Jagadish, B., Mash, E. A., Martinez, J. D., Ghishan, F. K. and Kiela, P. R. (2014). pTyr421 cortactin is overexpressed in colon cancer and is dephosphorylated by curcumin: Involvement of non-receptor type 1 protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPN1). PloS One. 9:e85796.
  • Rafatullah, S., Tariq, M., Al-Yahya, M. A., Mossa, J. S. and Ageel, A. M. (1990). Evaluation of turmeric (Curcuma longa) for gastric and duodenal antiulcer activity in rats. J. Ethnopharmacol. 29:25–34.
  • Rajasingh, J., Raikwar, H. P., Muthian, G., Johnson, C. and Bright, J. J. (2006). Curcumin induces growth-arrest and apoptosis in association with the inhibition of constitutively active JAK–STAT pathway in T cell leukemia. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 340:359–368.
  • Ramachandran, C. and You, W. (1999). Differential sensitivity of human mammary epithelial and breast carcinoma cell lines to curcumin. Breast Cancer Res. Treatment. 54:269–278.
  • Ramamoorthi, G. and Sivalingam, N. (2014). Molecular mechanism of TGF-β signaling pathway in colon carcinogenesis and status of curcumin as chemopreventive strategy. Tumor Biol. 35:7295–7305.
  • Rana, C., Piplani, H., Vaish, V., Nehru, B. and Sanyal, S. N. (2015). Downregulation of PI3-K/Akt/PTEN pathway and activation of mitochondrial intrinsic apoptosis by Diclofenac and Curcumin in colon cancer. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 402:225–241.
  • Ranjan, D., Johnston, T. D., Reddy, K. S., Wu, G., Bondada, S. and Chen, C. (1999). Enhanced apoptosis mediates inhibition of EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell line proliferation by curcumin. J.Surg. Res. 87:1–5.
  • Rao, C. V., Simi, B. and Reddy, B. S. (1993). Inhibition by dietary curcumin of azoxymethane-induced ornithine decarboxylase, tyrosine protein kinase, arachidonic acid metabolism and aberrant crypt foci formation in the rat colon. Carcinogenesis. 14:2219–2225.
  • Rastogi, L., Patnaik, G. K. and Dikshit, M. (1998). Free radicals and antioxidant status following pylorus ligation induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. Pharmacolo. Res. 38:125–132.
  • Reddy, A. C. P. and Lokesh, B. R. (1994). Studies on the inhibitory effects of curcumin and eugenol on the formation of reactive oxygen species and the oxidation of ferrous iron. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 137:1–8.
  • Roy, M., Chakraborty, S., Siddiqi, M. and Bhattacharya, R. K. (2002). Induction of apoptosis in tumor cells by natural phenolic compounds. Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. 3:61–67.
  • Roy, M. and Mukherjee, S. (2014). Reversal of resistance towards cisplatin by curcumin in cervical cancer cells. Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. 15:1403–1410.
  • Roy, M., Mukherjee, S., Sarkar, R. and Biswas, J. (2011). Curcumin sensitizes chemotherapeutic drugs via modulation of PKC, telomerase, NF-κB and HDAC in breast cancer. Ther. Deliv. 2:1275–1293.
  • Sahu, R. P., Batra, S. and Srivastava, S. K. (2009). Activation of ATM/Chk1 by curcumin causes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human pancreatic cancer cells. Br. J. Cancer. 100:1425–1433.
  • Saini, S., Arora, S., Majid, S., Shahryari, V., Chen, Y., Deng, G., Yamamura, S., Ueno, K. and Dahiya, R. (2011). Curcumin modulates MicroRNA-203–mediated regulation of the Src-Akt Axis in bladder cancer. Cancer Prev. Res. 4:1698–1709.
  • Salvioli, S., Sikora, E., Cooper, E. L. and Franceschi, C. (2007). Curcumin in cell death processes: A challenge for CAM of age-related pathologies. Evidence-Based Complement. Alternat. Med. 4:181–190.
  • Samaha, H. S., Kelloff, G. J., Steele, V., Rao, C. V. and Reddy, B. S. (1997). Modulation of apoptosis by sulindac, curcumin, phenylethyl-3-methylcaffeate, and 6-phenylhexyl isothiocyanate: Apoptotic index as a biomarker in colon cancer chemoprevention and promotion. Cancer Res. 57:1301–1305.
  • Sandhya, B., Thomas, S., Isabel, W. and Shenbagarathai, R. (2005). Ethnomedicinal plants used by the valaiyan community of piranmalai hills (reserved forest), tamilnadu, India. A pilot study. Afr. J. Tradit. Complement. Altern. Med. 3:101–114.
  • Sandur, S. K., Pandey, M. K., Sung, B., Ahn, K. S., Murakami, A., Sethi, G., Limtrakul, P., Badmaev, V. and Aggarwal, B. B. (2007). Curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, tetrahydrocurcumin and turmerones differentially regulate anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative responses through a ROS-independent mechanism. Carcinogenesis. 28:1765–1773.
  • Saydmohammed, M., Joseph, D. and Syed, V. (2010). Curcumin suppresses constitutive activation of STAT-3 by up-regulating protein inhibitor of activated STAT-3 (PIAS-3) in ovarian and endometrial cancer cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 110:447–456.
  • Schmitz, M. L., Mattioli, I., Buss, H. and Kracht, M. (2004). NF-κB: A multifaceted transcription factor regulated at several levels. Chembiochem: A Eur. J. Chem. Biol. 5:1348–1358.
  • Sehgal, G., Hua, J., Bernhard, E. J., Sehgal, I., Thompson, T. C. and Muschel, R. J. (1998). Requirement for matrix metalloproteinase-9 (gelatinase B) expression in metastasis by murine prostate carcinoma. Am. J. Pathol. 152:591.
  • Shakibaei, M., Buhrmann, C., Kraehe, P., Shayan, P., Lueders, C. and Goel, A. (2014). Curcumin chemosensitizes 5-Fluorouracil resistant MMR-deficient human colon cancer cells in high density cultures. PloS One. 9:e85397.
  • Shakor, A. B. A., Atia, M., Ismail, I. A., Alshehri, A., El-Refaey, H., Kwiatkowska, K. and Sobota, A. (2014). Curcumin induces apoptosis of multidrug-resistant human leukemia HL60 cells by complex pathways leading to ceramide accumulation. Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA)-Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids. 1841:1672–1682.
  • Sharma, S., Chopra, K. and Kulkarni, S. K. (2007). Effect of insulin and its combination with resveratrol or curcumin in attenuation of diabetic neuropathic pain: Participation of nitric oxide and TNF-alpha. Phytother. Res. 21:278–283.
  • Shen, F., Cai, W.-S., Li, J.-L., Feng, Z., Liu, Q.-C., Xiao, H.-Q., Cao, J. and Xu, B. (2014). Synergism from the combination of ulinastatin and curcumin offers greater inhibition against colorectal cancer liver metastases via modulating matrix metalloproteinase-9 and E-cadherin expression. Onco Targets Ther. 7:305–314.
  • Shih, C.-A. and Lin, J.-K. (1993). Inhibition of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine formation by curcumin in mouse fibroblast cells. Carcinogenesis. 14:709–712.
  • Shiri, S., Alizadeh, A. M., Baradaran, B., Farhanghi, B., Shanehbandi, D., Khodayari, S., Khodayari, H. and Tavassoli, A. (2015). Dendrosomal curcumin suppresses metastatic breast cancer in mice by changing m1/m2 macrophage balance in the tumor microenvironment. Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. 16:3917–3922.
  • Shishodia, S. (2005). Curcumin: Getting back to the roots. Annal. New York Acad. Sci. 1056:206–217.
  • Shklar, G. and Schwartz, J. (1993). Oral cancer inhibition by micronutrients. The experimental basis for clinical trials. Eur. J. Cancer Part B: Oral Oncol. 29:9–16.
  • Shoba, G., Joy, D., Joseph, T., Majeed, M., Rajendran, R. and Srinivas, P. (1998). Influence of piperine on the pharmacokinetics of curcumin in animals and human volunteers. Planta Medica. 64:353–356.
  • Shu, L., Khor, T. O., Lee, J.-H., Boyanapalli, S. S. S., Huang, Y., Wu, T.-Y., Saw, C. L. L., Cheung, K.-L. and Kong, A.-N. T. (2011). Epigenetic CpG demethylation of the promoter and reactivation of the expression of neurog1 by curcumin in prostate LNCaP cells. The AAPS J. 13:606–614.
  • Shuai, K. and Liu, B. (2005). Regulation of gene-activation pathways by PIAS proteins in the immune system. Nature Rev.: Immunol. 5:593–605.
  • Si, X., Wang, Y., Wong, J., Zhang, J., McManus, B. M. and Luo, H. (2007). Dysregulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system by curcumin suppresses coxsackievirus B3 replication. J. Virol. 81:3142–3150.
  • Sidhu, G. S., Singh, A. K., Thaloor, D., Banaudha, K. K., Patnaik, G. K., Srimal, R. C. and Maheshwari, R. K. (1998). Enhancement of wound healing by curcumin in animals. Wound Repair Regen. 6:167–177.
  • Sikora, E., Bielak-Zmijewska, A., Piwocka, K., Janusz, S. and Radziszewska, E. (1997). Inhibition of proliferation and apoptosis of human and rat T lymphocytes by curcumin, a curry pigment. Bioch. Pharmacol. 54:899–907.
  • Sindhwani, P., Hampton, J. A., Baig, M., Keck, R. and Selman, S. H. (2000). Curcumin: A food spice with cytotoxic activity against urinary bladder cancer. J. Am. College Surgeons. 191:S94–S95.
  • Singh, M. and Singh, N. (2009). Molecular mechanism of curcumin induced cytotoxicity in human cervical carcinoma cells. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 325:107–119.
  • Singh, M. and Singh, N. (2010). Curcumin counteracts the proliferative effect of estradiol and induces apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 347:1–11.
  • Singh, R. P., Dhanalakshmi, S. and Agarwal, R. (2002). Phytochemicals as cell cycle modulators a less toxic approach in halting human cancers. Cell Cycle. 1:155–160.
  • Singh, S. and Aggarwal, B. B. (1995). Activation of transcription factor NF- B Is suppressed by Curcumin (Diferuloylmethane). J. Biol. Chem. 270:24995–25000.
  • Song, M., Zang, W., Zhang, B., Cao, J. and Yang, G. (2012). GCS overexpression is associated with multidrug resistance of human HCT-8 colon cancer cells. J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res. 31:23.
  • Squires, M. S., Hudson, E. A., Howells, L., Sale, S., Houghton, C. E., Jones, J. L., Fox, L. H., Dickens, M., Prigent, S. A. and Manson, M. M. (2003). Relevance of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphotidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/PKB) pathways to induction of apoptosis by curcumin in breast cells. Biochem. Pharmacol. 65:361–376.
  • Sreejayan,   and Rao, M. N. A. (1997). Nitric oxide scavenging by curcuminoids. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 49:105–107.
  • Sreekanth, C. N., Bava, S. V., Sreekumar, E. and Anto, R. J. (2011). Molecular evidences for the chemosensitizing efficacy of liposomal curcumin in paclitaxel chemotherapy in mouse models of cervical cancer. Oncogene. 30:3139–3152.
  • Starr, R. and Hilton, D. J. (1999). Negative regulation of the JAK/STAT pathway. Bioessays. 21:47–52.
  • Sun, Y., Du, L., Liu, Y., Li, X., Li, M., Jin, Y. and Qian, X. (2014). Transdermal delivery of the in situ hydrogels of curcumin and its inclusion complexes of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin for melanoma treatment. Int. J. Pharmaceutics. 469:31–39.
  • Surh, Y.-J. (2003). Cancer chemoprevention with dietary phytochemicals. Nature Rev. Cancer. 3:768–780.
  • Syng-ai, C., Kumari, A. L. and Khar, A. (2004). Effect of curcumin on normal and tumor cells: Role of glutathione and bcl-2. Mol. Cancer Ther. 3:1101–1108.
  • Tanaka, J., Yuda, Y., Inouye, S. and Yamakawa, T. (2001). The role of nitric oxide in the gastric acid secretion induced by ischemia–reperfusion in the pylorus-ligated rat. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 424:69–74.
  • Thacker, P. C. and Karunagaran, D. (2015). Curcumin and emodin down-regulate TGF-β signaling pathway in human cervical cancer cells. PloS One. 10:e0120045.
  • Thangapazham, R. L., Singh, A. K., Sharma, A., Warren, J., Gaddipati, J. P. and Maheshwari, R. K. (2007). Green tea polyphenols and its constituent epigallocatechin gallate inhibits proliferation of human breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Lett. 245:232–241.
  • Tharakan, S. T., Inamoto, T., Sung, B., Aggarwal, B. B. and Kamat, A. M. (2010). RETRACTED: Curcumin potentiates the antitumor effects of gemcitabine in an orthotopic model of human bladder cancer through suppression of proliferative and angiogenic biomarkers. Biochem. Pharmacol. 79:218–228.
  • Tian, B., Wang, Z., Zhao, Y., Wang, D., Li, Y., Ma, L., Li, X., Li, J., Xiao, N., Tian, J. and Rodriguez, R. (2008). Effects of curcumin on bladder cancer cells and development of urothelial tumors in a rat bladder carcinogenesis model. Cancer Lett. 264:299–308.
  • Tian, K.-L., Yu, W.-G., Ren, G.-J., Yuan, H.-Q., Xu, G., Xu, X. and Qi, X.-L. (2011). Preventive action of curcumin in experimental acute pancreatitis in mouse. Indian J. Med. Res. 134:717.
  • Toden, S., Okugawa, Y., Jascur, T., Wodarz, D., Komarova, N. L., Buhrmann, C., Shakibaei, M., Boland, C. R. and Goel, A. (2015). Curcumin mediates chemosensitization to 5-fluorouracil through miRNA-induced suppression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in chemoresistant colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 36:355–367.
  • Tønnesen, H. H., Másson, M. and Loftsson, T. (2002). Studies of curcumin and curcuminoids. XXVII. Cyclodextrin complexation: Solubility, chemical and photochemical stability. Int. J. Pharmaceutics. 244:127–135.
  • Trudel, D., Fradet, Y., Harel, F., Meyer, F. and Têtu, B. (2004). Corrélations entre la protéase MMP-2, l'activateur MT1-MMP et l'inhibiteur TIMP-2 dans le cancer de la prostate. Annal. Pathologie. 24:98.
  • Uchida, K. and Kawakishi, S. (1990). Cimetidine anti-ulcer drug as a powerful hydroxyl radical scavenger. Agric. Biol. Chem. 54:24850–2487.
  • Uehara, Y., Inoue, M., Fukuda, K., Yamakoshi, H., Hosoi, Y., Kanda, H., Oshima, M., Iwabuchi, Y. and Shibata, H. (2014). Inhibition of β-catenin and STAT3 with a curcumin analog suppresses gastric carcinogenesis in vivo. Gastric Cancer. 18:774–783.
  • Valentini, A., Conforti, F., Crispini, A., De Martino, A., Condello, R., Stellitano, C., Rotilio, G., Ghedini, M., Federici, G., Bernardini, S. and Pucci, D. (2009). Synthesis, oxidant properties, and antitumoral effects of a heteroleptic palladium(II) complex of curcumin on human prostate cancer cells. J. Med. Chem. 52:484–491.
  • Vishvakarma, N. K., Kumar, A., Kumar, A., Kant, S., Bharti, A. C. and Singh, S. M. (2012). Myelopotentiating effect of curcumin in tumor-bearing host: Role of bone marrow resident macrophages. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 263:111–121.
  • Waghela, B. N., Sharma, A., Dhumale, S., Pandey, S. M. and Pathak, C. (2015). Curcumin conjugated with PLGA potentiates sustainability, anti-proliferative activity and apoptosis in human colon carcinoma cells. PloS One. 10:e0117526.
  • Wahl, H., Tan, L., Griffith, K., Choi, M. and Liu, J. (2007). Curcumin enhances Apo2L/TRAIL-induced apoptosis in chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells. Gynecologic Oncol. 105:104–112.
  • Wang, K., Fan, H., Chen, Q., Ma, G., Zhu, M., Zhang, X., Zhang, Y. and Yu, J. (2015). Curcumin inhibits aerobic glycolysis and induces mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis through hexokinase II in human colorectal cancer cells in vitro. Anti-Cancer Drugs. 26:15–24.
  • Watanabe, F. T., Chade, D. C., Reis, S. T., Piantino, C., Dall'Oglio, M. F., Srougi, M. and Leite, K. R. (2011). Curcumin, but not Prima-1, decreased tumor cell proliferation in the syngeneic murine orthotopic bladder tumor model. Clinics. 66:2121–2124.
  • Webster, T. J., Sun, L. and Chang, K. (2014). Short communication: Selective cytotoxicity of curcumin on osteosarcoma cells compared to healthy osteoblasts. Int. J. Nanomedicine. 9:461.
  • Wei, S.-C., Lin, Y.-S., Tsao, P.-N., Wu-Tsai, J.-J., Wu, C. and Wong, J.-M. (2004). Comparison of the anti-proliferation and apoptosis-induction activities of sulindac, celecoxib, curcumin, and nifedipine in mismatch repair-deficient cell lines. J. Formos. Med. Assoc. 103:599–606.
  • Wible, B. A., Wang, L., Kuryshev, Y. A., Basu, A., Haldar, S. and Brown, A. M. (2002). Increased K+ efflux and apoptosis induced by the potassium channel modulatory protein KChAP/PIAS3 in prostate cancer cells. J. Biol. Chem. 277:17852–17862.
  • Wilken, R., Veena, M. S., Wang, M. B. and Srivatsan, E. S. (2011). Curcumin: A review of anti-cancer properties and therapeutic activity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Mol. Cancer. 10:12.
  • Willett, W. C. (2001). Diet and breast cancer. J. Internal Med. 249:395–411.
  • Wolanin, K. (2006). Curcumin affects components of the chromosomal passenger complex and induces mitotic catastrophe in apoptosis-resistant Bcr-Abl-Expressing cells. Mol. Cancer Res. 4:457–469.
  • Wong, T. F., Takeda, T., Li, B., Tsuiji, K., Kitamura, M., Kondo, A. and Yaegashi, N. (2011). Curcumin disrupts uterine leiomyosarcoma cells through AKT-mTOR pathway inhibition. Gynecol. Oncol. 122:141–148.
  • Wu, J., Cai, Z., Wei, X., Chen, M., Ying, S., Shi, L., Xu, R.-A., He, F., Liang, G. and Zhang, X. (2015). Anti-lung cancer activity of the curcumin analog JZ534 in vitro. BioMed. Res. Int. 2015:1–10.
  • Xi, Y., Gao, H., Callaghan, M. U., Fribley, A. M., Garshott, D. M., Xu, Z.-X., Zeng, Q. and Li, Y.-L. (2015). Induction of BCL2-interacting killer, BIK, is mediated for anti-cancer activity of curcumin in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells. J. Cancer. 6:327–332.
  • Xu, B., Shen, F., Cai, W.-S., Li, J.-L., Feng, Z., Liu, Q.-C., Xiao, H.-Q. and Cao, J. (2014). Synergism from the combination of ulinastatin and curcumin offers greater inhibition against colorectal cancer liver metastases via modulating matrix metalloproteinase-9 and E-cadherin expression. OncoTargets Therapy. 7:305–314.
  • Yallapu, M. M., Khan, S., Maher, D. M., Ebeling, M. C., Sundram, V., Chauhan, N., Ganju, A., Balakrishna, S., Gupta, B. K., Zafar, N., Jaggi, M. and Chauhan, S. C. (2014). Anti-cancer activity of curcumin loaded nanoparticles in prostate cancer. Biomaterials. 35:8635–8648.
  • Yamaguchi, M., Zhu, S., Weitzmann, M. N., Snyder, J. P. and Shoji, M. (2014). Curcumin analog UBS109 prevents bone marrow osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis disordered by coculture with breast cancer MDA-MB-231 bone metastatic cells in vitro. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 401:1–10.
  • Yamazaki, C., Hoshino, J., Sekiguchi, T., Hori, Y., Miyauchi, S., Mizuno, S. and Horie, K. (1998). Production of superoxide and nitric oxide by alveolar macrophages in the bleomycin-induced interstitial pneumonia mice model. Japan. J. Pharmacol. 78:69–73.
  • Yan, L. (2013). Abstract B77: Curcumin deteriorates trabecular and cortical bone in mice bearing metastatic Lewis lung carcinoma. Cancer Res. 73:B77–B77.
  • Yang, J.-S. (2013). Curcumin-loaded nanoparticles enhance apoptotic cell death of U2OS human osteosarcoma cells through the Akt-Bad signaling pathway. Int. J. Oncol. 44 (1).
  • Ye, M., Zhang, J., Zhang, J., Miao, Q., Yao, L. and Zhang, J. (2015). Curcumin promotes apoptosis by activating the p53-miR-192-5p/215-XIAP pathway in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Lett. 357:196–205.
  • Yip-Schneider, M. T. (2000). Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Carcinogenesis. 21:139–146.
  • Yip, I., Heber, D. and Aronson, W. (1999). Nutrition and prostate cancer. Urologic Clinics North America. 26:403–411.
  • Young, N. A., Bruss, M. S., Gardner, M., Willis, W. L., Mo, X., Valiente, G. R., Cao, Y., Liu, Z., Jarjour, W. N. and Wu, L.-C. (2014). Oral administration of nano-emulsion curcumin in mice suppresses inflammatory-induced NFκB signaling and macrophage migration. PloS One. 9:e111559.
  • Youns, M. and Fathy, G. M. (2013). Upregulation of extrinsic apoptotic pathway in curcumin‐mediated antiproliferative effect on human pancreatic carcinogenesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 114:2654–2665.
  • Yoysungnoen, B., Bhattarakosol, P., Patumraj, S. and Changtam, C. (2015). Effects of tetrahydrocurcumin on hypoxia-inducible factor-1αand vascular endothelial growth factor expression in cervical cancer cell-induced angiogenesis in nude mice. BioMed. Res. Int. 2015:1–11.
  • Yu, A. E., Hewitt, R. E., Connor, E. W. and Stetler-Stevenson, W. G. (1997). Matrix Metalloproteinases. Drugs Aging. 11:229–244.
  • Yu, Z. and Shah, D. M. (2007). Curcumin down-regulates Ets-1 and Bcl-2 expression in human endometrial carcinoma HEC-1-A cells. Gynecol. Oncol. 106:541–548.
  • Zafar, S. S., Hampton, J., Keck, R. and Selman, S. (2003). Curcumin prevents AY27 bladder transitional cell tumor growth in Fisher 344 rats. J. Urology. 169:194–194.
  • Zaidi, S. F. H., Yamada, K., Kadowaki, M., Usmanghani, K. and Sugiyama, T. (2009). Bactericidal activity of medicinal plants, employed for the treatment of gastrointestinal ailments, against Helicobacter pylori. J. Ethnopharmacol. 121:286–291.
  • Zhan, Y., Chen, Y., Liu, R., Zhang, H. and Zhang, Y. (2013). Potentiation of paclitaxel activity by curcumin in human breast cancer cell by modulating apoptosis and inhibiting EGFR signaling. Arch. Pharmacal Res. 37:1086–1095.
  • Zhang, L., Shi, J., Feng, J., Klocker, H., Lee, C. and Zhang, J. (2004). Type IV collagenase (matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9) in prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Diseases. 7:327–332.
  • Zhang, Y., Lee, T. C., Guillemin, B., Yu, M.-C. and Rom, W. N. (1993). Enhanced IL-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha release and messenger RNA expression in macrophages from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis or after asbestos exposure. J. Immunol. 150:4188–4196.
  • Zhao, Z., Li, C., Xi, H., Gao, Y. and Xu, D. (2015). Curcumin induces apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells through the induction of forkhead box O1 and inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Mol. Med. Rep. 12:5415–5422.
  • Zhen, L., Fan, D., Yi, X., Cao, X., Chen, D. and Wang, L. (2014). Curcumin inhibits oral squamous cell carcinoma proliferation and invasion via EGFR signaling pathways. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol. 7:6438.
  • Zheng, L., Tong, Q. and Wu, C. (2002). Inhibitory effects of curcumin on apoptosis of human ovary cancer cell line A2780 and its molecular mechanism. Ai zheng= Aizheng= Chin. J. Cancer. 21:1296–1300.
  • Zhou, G., Cao, F., Chang, J., Sun, G. and Chen, X. (2014). Mechanism of curcumin analog MHMD-induced cell death in A549 lung cancer cells. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacolo. Sci. 18:3134–3138.
  • Zhou, G.-Z., Cao, F.-K. and Du, S.-W. (2015). The apoptotic pathways in the curcumin analog MHMD-induced lung cancer cell death and the essential role of actin polymerization during apoptosis. Biomed. Pharmacother. 71:128–134.
  • Zhou, Q., Su, S., Zhang, H. and Lu, Y. (2009). Regulation of protein kinases on signal pathway in breast cancer cell MCF-7 by curcumin. Zhong yao cai= Zhongyaocai= J. Chin. Med. Mater. 32:728–732.
  • Zhu, D.-J., Chen, X.-W., Wang, J.-Z., Ju, Y.-L., Ou Yang, M. and Zhang, W.-J. (2013). Proteomic analysis identifies proteins associated with curcumin-enhancing efficacy of irinotecan-induced apoptosis of colorectal cancer LOVO cell. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol. 7:1–15.
  • Zou, P., Zhang, J., Xia, Y., Kanchana, K., Guo, G., Chen, W., Huang, Y., Wang, Z., Yang, S. and Liang, G. (2015). ROS generation mediates the anti-cancer effects of WZ35 via activating JNK and ER stress apoptotic pathways in gastric cancer. Oncotarget. 6:5860–5876.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.