A next generation probiotic, Akkermansia muciniphila

References

• Alam, A., G. Leoni, M. Quiros, H. Wu, C. Desai, H. Nishio, R. M. Jones, A. Nusrat, and A. S. Neish. 2016. The microenvironment of injured murine gut elicits a local pro-restitutive microbiota. Nature Microbiology 1 (2):15021. doi:10.1038/nmicrobiol.2015.21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alhouayek, M., D. M. Lambert, N. M. Delzenne, P. D. Cani, and G. G. Muccioli. 2011. Increasing endogenous 2-arachidonoylglycerol levels counteracts colitis and related systemic inflammation. The FASEB Journal 25 (8):2711–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anhê, F. F., D. Roy, G. Pilon, S. Dudonné, S. Matamoros, T. V. Varin, C. Garofalo, Q. Moine, Y. Desjardins, E. Levy., et al. 2015. A polyphenol-rich cranberry extract protects from diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance and intestinal inflammation in association with increased Akkermansia spp. population in the gut microbiota of mice. Gut 64 (6):872–83. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2014-307142.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anhê, F. F., G. Pilon, D. Roy, Y. Desjardins, E. Levy, and A. Marette. 2016. Triggering akkermansia with dietary polyphenols: a new weapon to combat the metabolic syndrome? Gut Microbes 7 (2):146–53. doi:10.1080/19490976.2016.1142036.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arumugam, M., J. Raes, E. Pelletier, D. Le Paslier, T. Yamada, D. R. Mende, G. R. Fernandes, J. Tap, T. Bruls, J.-M. Batto, et al. 2011. Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome. Nature 473 (7346):174–80. doi:10.1038/nature09944.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belzer, C., L. W. Chia, S. Aalvink, B. Chamlagain, V. Piironen, J. Knol, and W. M. de Vos. 2017. Microbial metabolic networks at the mucus layer lead to Diet-Independent butyrate and vitamin B12 production by intestinal symbionts. mBio 8 (5):e00770-17. doi:10.1128/mBio.00770-17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belzer, C., and W. M. de Vos. 2012. Microbes inside–from diversity to function: the case of akkermansia. The ISME Journal 6 (8):1449–58. doi:10.1038/ismej.2012.6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ben-Shabat, S.,. E. Fride, T. Sheskin, T. Tamiri, M.-H. Rhee, Z. Vogel, T. Bisogno, L. De Petrocellis, V. Di Marzo, R. Mechoulam., et al. 1998. An entourage effect: inactive endogenous fatty acid glycerol esters enhance 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol cannabinoid activity. European Journal of Pharmacology 353 (1):23–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berry, D., C. Schwab, G. Milinovich, J. Reichert, K. Ben Mahfoudh, T. Decker, M. Engel, B. Hai, E. Hainzl, S. Heider., et al. 2012. Phylotype-level 16S rRNA analysis reveals new bacterial indicators of health state in acute murine colitis. The ISME Journal 6 (11):2091–106. doi:10.1038/ismej.2012.39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biagi, E., C. Franceschi, S. Rampelli, M. Severgnini, R. Ostan, S. Turroni, C. Consolandi, S. Quercia, M. Scurti, D. Monti., et al. 2016. Gut microbiota and extreme longevity. Current Biology 26 (11):1480–5. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2016.04.016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caesar, R., V. Tremaroli, P. Kovatcheva-Datchary, P. D. Cani, and F. Bäckhed. 2015. Crosstalk between gut microbiota and dietary lipids aggravates WAT inflammation through TLR signaling. Cell Metabolism 22 (4):658–68. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.07.026.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Candela, M., S. Rampelli, S. Turroni, M. Severgnini, C. Consolandi, G. De Bellis, R. Masetti, G. Ricci, A. Pession, P. Brigidi., et al. 2012. Unbalance of intestinal microbiota in atopic children. BMC Microbiology 12 (1):95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cani, P. D., S. Possemiers, T. Van de Wiele, Y. Guiot, A. Everard, O. Rottier, L. Geurts, D. Naslain, A. Neyrinck, D. M. Lambert., et al. 2009. Changes in gut microbiota control inflammation in obese mice through a mechanism involving GLP-2-driven improvement of gut permeability. Gut 58 (8):1091–103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cani, P. D., and W. M. de Vos. 2017. Next-Generation beneficial microbes: the case of Akkermansia muciniphila. Frontiers in Microbiology 8:1765. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.01765.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carmody, R. N., G. K. Gerber, J. M. Luevano, D. M. Gatti, L. Somes, K. L. Svenson, and P. J. Turnbaugh. Jr. 2015. Diet dominates host genotype in shaping the murine gut microbiota. Cell Host & Microbe 17 (1):72–84. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2014.11.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castro-Mejía, J., M. Jakesevic, Ł. Krych, D. S. Nielsen, L. H. Hansen, B. C. Sondergaard, P. H. Kvist, A. K. Hansen, and T. L. Holm. 2016. Treatment with a monoclonal anti-IL-12p40 antibody induces substantial gut microbiota changes in an experimental colitis model. Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2016:1. doi:10.1155/2016/4953120.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaplin, A., P. Parra, F. Serra, and A. Palou. 2015. Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation under a High-Fat diet modulates stomach protein expression and intestinal microbiota in adult mice. PLoS One 10 (4):e0125091. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0125091.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chelakkot, C., Y. Choi, D.-K. Kim, H. T. Park, J. Ghim, Y. Kwon, J. Jeon, M.-S. Kim, Y.-K. Jee, Y. S. Gho., et al. 2018. Akkermansia muciniphila-derived extracellular vesicles influence gut permeability through the regulation of tight junctions. Experimental & Molecular Medicine 50 (2):e450. doi:10.1038/emm.2017.282.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chia, L. W., B. V. H. Hornung, S. Aalvink, P. J. Schaap, W. M. de Vos, J. Knol, and C. Belzer. 2018. Deciphering the trophic interaction between Akkermansia muciniphila and the butyrogenic gut commensal Anaerostipes caccae using a metatranscriptomic approach. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 111 (6):859–73. doi:10.1007/s10482-018-1040-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collado, M. C., M. Derrien, E. Isolauri, W. M. de Vos, and S. Salminen. 2007. Intestinal integrity and Akkermansia muciniphila, a mucin-degrading member of the intestinal microbiota present in infants, adults, and the elderly. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73 (23):7767–70. doi:10.1128/AEM.01477-07.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collado, M. C., K. Laitinen, S. Salminen, and E. Isolauri. 2012. Maternal weight and excessive weight gain during pregnancy modify the immunomodulatory potential of breast milk. Pediatric Research 72 (1):77–85. doi:10.1038/pr.2012.42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costello, E. K., J. I. Gordon, S. M. Secor, and R. Knight. 2010. Postprandial remodeling of the gut microbiota in Burmese pythons. The ISME Journal 4 (11):1375–85. doi:10.1038/ismej.2010.71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dao, M. C., A. Everard, J. Aron-Wisnewsky, N. Sokolovska, E. Prifti, E. O. Verger, B. D. Kayser, F. Levenez, J. Chilloux, L. Hoyles., et al. 2016. Akkermansia muciniphila and improved metabolic health during a dietary intervention in obesity: relationship with gut microbiome richness and ecology. Gut 65 (3):426–36. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308778.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Angelis, M., M. Piccolo, L. Vannini, S. Siragusa, A. De Giacomo, D. I. Serrazzanetti, F. Cristofori, M. E. Guerzoni, M. Gobbetti, R. Francavilla., et al. 2013. Fecal microbiota and metabolome of children with autism and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified. PLoS One 8 (10):e76993. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076993.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Derakhshani, H., J. De Buck, R. Mortier, H. W. Barkema, D. O. Krause, and E. Khafipour. 2016. The features of fecal and ileal mucosa-associated microbiota in dairy calves during early infection with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. Frontiers in Microbiology 7:426. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.00426.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Derrien, M., E. E. Vaughan, C. M. Plugge, and W. M. de Vos. 2004. Akkermansia muciniphila gen. nov., sp. nov., a human intestinal mucin-degrading bacterium. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54 (5):1469–76. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.02873-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Derrien, M., M. C. Collado, K. Ben-Amor, S. Salminen, and W. M. de Vos. 2008. The mucin degrader Akkermansia muciniphila is an abundant resident of the human intestinal tract. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74 (5):1646–8. doi:10.1128/AEM.01226-07.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Derrien, M., P. Van Baarlen, G. Hooiveld, E. Norin, M. Müller, and W. M. de Vos. 2011. Modulation of mucosal immune response, tolerance, and proliferation in mice colonized by the mucin-degrader Akkermansia muciniphila. Frontiers in Microbiology 2 (166)166.
   Google Scholar
• Derrien, M., C. Belzer, and W. M. de Vos. 2017. Akkermansia muciniphila and its role in regulating host functions. Microbial Pathogenesis 106:171–81. doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2016.02.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desai, M. S., A. M. Seekatz, N. M. Koropatkin, N. Kamada, C. A. Hickey, M. Wolter, N. A. Pudlo, S. Kitamoto, N. Terrapon, A. Muller., et al. 2016. A dietary fiber-deprived gut microbiota degrades the colonic mucus barrier and enhances pathogen susceptibility. Cell 167 (5):1339–53. e1321. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.10.043.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubourg, G., J.-C. Lagier, F. Armougom, C. Robert, G. Audoly, L. Papazian, and D. Raoult. 2013. High-level colonisation of the human gut by verrucomicrobia following broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 41 (2):149–55. doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2012.10.012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Escobar, J. S., B. Klotz, B. E. Valdes, and G. M. Agudelo. 2014. The gut microbiota of Colombians differs from that of Americans, Europeans and Asians. BMC Microbiology 14 (1). doi:10.1186/s12866-014-0311-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Everard, A., V. Lazarevic, M. Derrien, M. Girard, G. G. Muccioli, G. M. Muccioli, A. M. Neyrinck, S. Possemiers, A. Van Holle, P. François., et al. 2011. Responses of gut microbiota and glucose and lipid metabolism to prebiotics in genetic obese and diet-induced leptin-resistant mice. Diabetes 60 (11):2775–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Everard, A., C. Belzer, L. Geurts, J. P. Ouwerkerk, C. Druart, L. B. Bindels, Y. Guiot, M. Derrien, G. G. Muccioli, N. M. Delzenne., et al. 2013. Cross-talk between Akkermansia muciniphila and intestinal epithelium controls diet-induced obesity. PANS 110 (22):9066–71. doi:10.1073/pnas.1219451110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Everard, A., V. Lazarevic, N. Gaïa, M. Johansson, M. Ståhlman, F. Backhed, N. M. Delzenne, J. Schrenzel, P. François, P. D. Cani., et al. 2014. Microbiome of prebiotic-treated mice reveals novel targets involved in host response during obesity. The ISME Journal 8 (10):2116–30. doi:10.1038/ismej.2014.45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fåk, F., G. Jakobsdottir, E. Kulcinskaja, N. Marungruang, C. Matziouridou, U. Nilsson, H. Stålbrand, and M. Nyman. 2015. The physico-chemical properties of dietary fibre determine metabolic responses, short-chain fatty acid profiles and gut microbiota composition in rats fed low- and high-fat diets. PLoS One 10 (5):e0127252. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0127252.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujio-Vejar, S., Y. Vasquez, P. Morales, F. Magne, P. Vera-Wolf, J. A. Ugalde, P. Navarrete, and M. Gotteland. 2017. The gut microbiota of healthy Chilean subjects reveals a high abundance of the phylum verrucomicrobia. Frontiers in Microbiology 8 doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.01221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganesh, B. P., R. Klopfleisch, G. Loh, and M. Blaut. 2013. Commensal Akkermansia muciniphila exacerbates gut inflammation in salmonella typhimurium-infected gnotobiotic mice. PLoS One 8 (9):e74963. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0074963.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gobert, A. P., G. Sagrestani, E. Delmas, K. T. Wilson, T. G. Verriere, M. Dapoigny, C. Del’homme, and A. Bernalier-Donadille. 2016. The human intestinal microbiota of constipated-predominant irritable bowel syndrome patients exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. Scientific Reports 6 (1):39399. doi:10.1038/srep39399.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gómez-Gallego, C., S. Pohl, S. Salminen, W. M. De Vos, and W. Kneifel. 2016. Akkermansia muciniphila: A novel functional microbe with probiotic properties. Beneficial Microbes 7 (4):571–84. doi:10.3920/BM2016.0009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grander, C., T. E. Adolph, V. Wieser, P. Lowe, L. Wrzosek, B. Gyongyosi, D. V. Ward, F. Grabherr, R. R. Gerner, A. Pfister., et al. 2018. Recovery of ethanol-induced Akkermansia muciniphila depletion ameliorates alcoholic liver disease. Gut 67 (5):891–901. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2016-313432.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo, X., J. Zhang, F. Wu, M. Zhang, M. Yi, and Y. Peng. 2016. Different subtype strains of Akkermansia muciniphila abundantly colonize in Southern China. Journal of Applied Microbiology 120 (2):452–9. doi:10.1111/jam.13022.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo, X., S. Li, J. Zhang, F. Wu, X. Li, D. Wu, M. Zhang, Z. Ou, Z. Jie, Q. Yan., et al. 2017. Genome sequencing of 39 Akkermansia muciniphila isolates reveals its population structure, genomic and functional diverisity, and global distribution in mammalian gut microbiotas. BMC Genomics 18 (1):800. doi:10.1186/s12864-017-4195-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hänninen, A., T. R. Pöysti, S. Pöysti, C. Belzer, H. Plovier, J. P. Ouwerkerk, R. Emani, P. D. Cani, and W. M. De Vos. 2017. Akkermansia muciniphila induces gut microbiota remodelling and controls islet autoimmunity in NOD mice. Gut 67 (8):1445–53. doi:gutjnl-2017-314508.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Håkansson, Å., N. Tormo-Badia, A. Baridi, J. Xu, G. Molin, M.-L. Hagslätt, C. Karlsson, B. Jeppsson, C. M. Cilio, S. Ahrné., et al. 2015. Immunological alteration and changes of gut microbiota after dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) administration in mice. Clinical and Experimental Medicine 15 (1):107–20. doi:10.1007/s10238-013-0270-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen, C. H. F., L. Krych, D. S. Nielsen, F. K. Vogensen, L. H. Hansen, S. J. Sørensen, K. Buschard, and A. K. Hansen. 2012. Early life treatment with vancomycin propagates Akkermansia muciniphila and reduces diabetes incidence in the NOD mouse. Diabetologia 55 (8):2285–94. doi:10.1007/s00125-012-2564-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He, K., Y. Hu, H. Ma, Z. Zou, Y. Xiao, Y. Yang, M. Feng, X. Li, and X. Ye. 2016. Rhizoma coptidis alkaloids alleviate hyperlipidemia in B6 mice by modulating gut microbiota and bile acid pathways. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1862 (9):1696–709. doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.06.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henning, S. M., P. H. Summanen, R.-P. Lee, J. Yang, S. M. Finegold, D. Heber, and Z. Li. 2017. Pomegranate ellagitannins stimulate the growth of Akkermansia muciniphila in vivo. Anaerobe 43:56–60. doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2016.12.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hildebrand, F., T. Ebersbach, H. Nielsen, X. Li, S. Sonne, M. Bertalan, P. Dimitrov, L. Madsen, J. Qin, J. Wang., et al. 2012. A comparative analysis of the intestinal metagenomes present in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) and humans (Homo sapiens). BMC Microbiology 13 (1):514.
   Google Scholar
• Ijssennagger, N., C. Belzer, G. J. Hooiveld, J. Dekker, S. W. C. van Mil, M. Müller, M. Kleerebezem, and R. van der Meer. 2015. Gut microbiota facilitates dietary heme-induced epithelial hyperproliferation by opening the mucus barrier in Colon. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112 (32):10038–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jakobsdottir, G., J. Xu, G. Molin, S. Ahrné, and M. Nyman. 2013. High-fat diet reduces the formation of butyrate, but increases succinate, inflammation, liver fat and cholesterol in rats, while dietary fibre counteracts these effects. PLoS One 8 (11):e80476. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0080476.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jangi, S., R. Gandhi, L. M. Cox, N. Li, F. von Glehn, R. Yan, B. Patel, M. A. Mazzola, S. Liu, and B. L. Glanz. 2016. Alterations of the human gut microbiome in multiple sclerosis. Nature Communications 7:12015. doi:10.1038/ncomms12015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang, C-S, M. Ban, E.-J. Choi, H.-G. Moon, J.-S. Jeon, D.-K. Kim, S.-K. Park, S. G. Jeon, T.-Y. Roh, S.-J. Myung., et al. 2013. Extracellular vesicles derived from gut microbiota, especially Akkermansia muciniphila, protect the progression of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. PLoS One 8 (10):e76520. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076520.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karlsson, C. L. J., J. Önnerfält, J. Xu, G. Molin, S. Ahrné, and K. Thorngren-Jerneck. 2012. The microbiota of the gut in preschool children with normal and excessive body weight. Obesity 20 (11):2257–61. doi:10.1038/oby.2012.110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kong, F., Y. Hua, B. Zeng, R. Ning, Y. Li, and J. Zhao. 2016. Gut microbiota signatures of longevity. Current Biology 26 (18):R832–3. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2016.08.015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leal-Díaz, A. M., L. G. Noriega, I. Torre-Villalvazo, N. Torres, G. Alemán-Escondrillas, P. López-Romero, M. Sánchez-Tapia, M. Aguilar-López, J. Furuzawa-Carballeda, L. A. Velázquez-Villegas., et al. 2016. Aguamiel concentrate from agave salmiana and its extracted saponins attenuated obesity and hepatic steatosis and increased Akkermansia muciniphila in C57BL6 mice. Scientific Reports 6 (1):34242. doi:10.1038/srep34242.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, J., S. Lin, P. M. Vanhoutte, C. W. Woo, and A. Xu. 2016. Akkermansia muciniphila protects against atherosclerosis by preventing metabolic endotoxemia-induced inflammation in apoe-/- mice. Circulation 133 (24):2434–46. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.019645.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lukovac, S., C. Belzer, L. Pellis, B. J. Keijser, W. M. de Vos, R. C. Montijn, and G. Roeselers. 2014. Differential modulation by Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii of host peripheral lipid metabolism and histone acetylation in mouse gut organoids. mBio 5 (4) e01438-01414-e01438-01414. doi:10.1128/mBio.01438-14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marietta, E. V., A. M. Gomez, C. Yeoman, A. Y. Tilahun, C. R. Clark, D. H. Luckey, J. A. Murray, B. A. White, Y. C. Kudva, G. Rajagopalan., et al. 2013. Low incidence of spontaneous type 1 diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice raised on gluten-free diets is associated with changes in the intestinal microbiome. PLoS One 8 (11):e78687. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078687.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masumoto, S., A. Terao, Y. Yamamoto, T. Mukai, T. Miura, and T. Shoji. 2016. Non-absorbable apple procyanidins prevent obesity associated with gut microbial and metabolomic changes. Scientific Reports 6 (1):31208. doi:10.1038/srep31208.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Toole, P. W., J. R. Marchesi, and C. Hill. 2017. Next-generation probiotics: the spectrum from probiotics to live biotherapeutics. Nature Microbiology 2 (5):17057. doi:10.1038/nmicrobiol.2017.57.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ottman, N., S. Y. Geerlings, S. Aalvink, W. M. de Vos, and C. Belzer. 2017. Action and function of Akkermansia muciniphila in microbiome ecology, health and disease. Best Practice & Research. Clinical Gastroenterology 31 (6):637–42. doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2017.10.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ottman, N. A. 2015. Host immunostimulation and substrate utilization of the gut symbiont Akkermansia muciniphila. Wageningen: Wageningen University.
   Google Scholar
• Ouwerkerk, J. P., S. Aalvink, C. Belzer, and W. M. de Vos. 2016. Akkermansia glycaniphila sp. nov., an anaerobic mucin-degrading bacterium isolated from reticulated python faeces. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 66 (11):4614–20. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.001399.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ouwerkerk, J. P., K. C. H. van der Ark, M. Davids, N. J. Claassens, T. R. Finestra, W. M. de Vos, and C. Belzer. 2016. Adaptation of Akkermansia muciniphila to the oxic-anoxic interface of the mucus layer. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82 (23):6983–93. doi:10.1128/aem.01641-16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plovier, H., A. Everard, C. Druart, C. Depommier, M. Van Hul, L. Geurts, J. Chilloux, N. Ottman, T. Duparc, L. Lichtenstein, et al. 2017. A purified membrane protein from Akkermansia muciniphila or the pasteurized bacterium improves metabolism in obese and diabetic mice. Nature Medicine 23 (1):107–13. doi:10.1038/nm.4236.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Png, C. W., S. K. Lindén, K. S. Gilshenan, E. G. Zoetendal, C. S. McSweeney, L. I. Sly, M. A. McGuckin, and T. H. J. Florin. 2010. Mucolytic bacteria with increased prevalence in IBD mucosa augment in vitro utilization of mucin by other bacteria. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 105 (11):2420–8. doi:10.1038/ajg.2010.281.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papa, E., M. Docktor, C. Smillie, S. Weber, S. P. Preheim, D. Gevers, G. Giannoukos, D. Ciulla, D. Tabbaa, J. Ingram, et al. 2012. Non-invasive mapping of the gastrointestinal microbiota identifies children with inflammatory bowel disease. PloS One 7 (6):e39242. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039242.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Remely, M., B. Hippe, I. Geretschlaeger, S. Stegmayer, I. Hoefinger, and A. Haslberger. 2015. Increased gut microbiota diversity and abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and akkermansia after fasting: A pilot study. Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift 127 (9-10):394–8. doi:10.1007/s00508-015-0755-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reunanen, J., V. Kainulainen, L. Huuskonen, N. Ottman, C. Belzer, H. Huhtinen, W. M. de Vos, and R. Satokari. 2015. Akkermansia muciniphila adheres to enterocytes and strengthens the integrity of the epithelial cell layer. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81 (11):3655–62. doi:10.1128/AEM.04050-14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez, C., B. Taminiau, B. Brévers, V. Avesani, J. Van Broeck, A. Leroux, M. Gallot, A. Bruwier, H. Amory, M. Delmée., et al. 2015. Faecal microbiota characterisation of horses using 16 rDNA barcoded pyrosequencing, and carriage rate of clostridium difficile at hospital admission. BMC Microbiology 15 (1):181. doi:10.1186/s12866-015-0514-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roeselers, G., E. K. Mittge, W. Z. Stephens, D. M. Parichy, C. M. Cavanaugh, K. Guillemin, and J. F. Rawls. 2011. Evidence for a core gut microbiota in the zebrafish. The ISME Journal 5 (10):1595–608. doi:10.1038/ismej.2011.38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Routy, B., E. Le Chatelier, L. Derosa, C. P. M. Duong, M. T. Alou, R. Daillère, A. Fluckiger, M. Messaoudene, C. Rauber, M. P. Roberti, et al. 2018. Gut microbiome influences efficacy of PD-1–based immunotherapy against epithelial tumors. Science 359 (6371):91–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santee, C. A., N. A. Nagalingam, A. A. Faruqi, G. P. DeMuri, J. E. Gern, E. R. Wald, and S. V. Lynch. 2016. Nasopharyngeal microbiota composition of children is related to the frequency of upper respiratory infection and acute sinusitis. Microbiome 4 (1):34. doi:10.1186/s40168-016-0179-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneeberger, M., A. Everard, A. G. Gómez-Valadés, S. Matamoros, S. Ramírez, N. M. Delzenne, R. Gomis, M. Claret, and P. D. Cani. 2015. Akkermansia muciniphila inversely correlates with the onset of inflammation, altered adipose tissue metabolism and metabolic disorders during obesity in mice. Scientific Reports 5 (1):16643. doi:10.1038/srep16643.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen, J., X. Tong, N. Sud, R. Khound, Y. Song, M. X. Maldonado-Gomez, J. Walter, and Q. Su. 2016. Low-density lipoprotein receptor signaling mediates the triglyceride-lowering action of Akkermansia muciniphila in genetic-induced hyperlipidemia. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 36 (7):1448. doi:10.1161/atvbaha.116.307597.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shin, N.-R., J.-C. Lee, H.-Y. Lee, M.-S. Kim, T. W. Whon, M.-S. Lee, and J.-W. Bae. 2014. An increase in the Akkermansia spp. population induced by metformin treatment improves glucose homeostasis in diet-induced obese mice. Gut 63 (5):727–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sonoyama, K., R. Fujiwara, N. Takemura, T. Ogasawara, J. Watanabe, H. Ito, and T. Morita. 2009. Response of gut microbiota to fasting and hibernation in Syrian hamsters. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75 (20):6451–6. doi:10.1128/AEM.00692-09.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sung, M. M., T. T. Kim, E. Denou, C.-L. M. Soltys, S. M. Hamza, N. J. Byrne, G. Masson, H. Park, D. S. Wishart, K. L. Madsen., et al. 2017. Improved glucose homeostasis in obese mice treated with resveratrol is associated with alterations in the gut microbiome. Diabetes 66 (2):418–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suriano, F., L. B. Bindels, J. Verspreet, C. M. Courtin, K. Verbeke, P. D. Cani, A. M. Neyrinck, and N. M. Delzenne. 2017. Fat binding capacity and modulation of the gut microbiota both determine the effect of wheat bran fractions on adiposity. Scientific Reports 7 (1):5621. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-05698-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tailford, L. E., C. D. Owen, J. Walshaw, E. H. Crost, J. Hardy-Goddard, G. Le Gall, W. M. de Vos, G. L. Taylor, and N. Juge. 2015. Discovery of intramolecular trans-sialidases in human gut microbiota suggests novel mechanisms of mucosal adaptation. Nature Communications 6 (1). doi:10.1038/ncomms8624.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tian, Y., H. Wang, F. Yuan, N. Li, Q. Huang, L. He, L. Wang, and Z. Liu. 2016. Perilla oil has similar protective effects of fish oil on high-fat diet-Induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and gut dysbiosis. BioMed Research International 2016:1. doi:10.11.55/2016/9462571.
   Google Scholar
• Stevenson, T. J., K. N. Duddleston, and C. L. Buck. 2014. Effects of season and host physiological state on the diversity, density, and activity of the arctic ground squirrel cecal microbiota. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80 (18) :5611–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trompette, A., E. S. Gollwitzer, K. Yadava, A. K. Sichelstiel, N. Sprenger, C. Ngom-Bru, C. Blanchard, T. Junt, L. P. Nicod, N. L. Harris, and B. J. Marsland. 2014. Gut microbiota metabolism of dietary fiber influences allergic airway disease and hematopoiesis. Nature Medicine 20 (2):159–66. doi:10.1038/nm.3444.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ushida, K., T. Segawa, S. Tsuchida, and K. Murata. 2016. Cecal bacterial communities in wild Japanese rock ptarmigans and captive svalbard rock ptarmigans. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 78 (2):251–7. doi:10.1292/jvms.15-0313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaishnava, S., M. Yamamoto, K. M. Severson, K. A. Ruhn, X. Yu, O. Koren, R. Ley, E. K. Wakeland, and L. V. Hooper. 2011. The antibacterial lectin RegIII promotes the spatial segregation of microbiota and host in the intestine. Science 334 (6053):255–8. doi:10.1126/science.1209791.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van den Abbeele, P., P. Gérard, S. Rabot, A. Bruneau, S. El Aidy, M. Derrien, M. Kleerebezem, E. G. Zoetendal, H. Smidt, W. Verstraete., et al. 2011. Arabinoxylans and inulin differentially modulate the mucosal and luminal gut microbiota and mucin-degradation in humanized rats. Environmental Microbiology 13 (10):2667–80. doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02533.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Hul, M., L. Geurts, H. Plovier, C. Druart, A. Everard, M. Ståhlman, M. Rhimi, K. Chira, P.-L. Teissedre, N. M. Delzenne., et al. 2018. Reduced obesity, diabetes, and steatosis upon cinnamon and grape pomace are associated with changes in gut microbiota and markers of gut barrier. American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism 314 (4):E334–52. doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00107.2017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Passel, M. W. J., R. Kant, E. G. Zoetendal, C. M. Plugge, M. Derrien, S. A. Malfatti, P. S. G. Chain, T. Woyke, A. Palva, W. M. de Vos., et al. 2011. The genome of Akkermansia muciniphila, a dedicated intestinal mucin degrader, and its use in exploring intestinal metagenomes. PLoS One 6 (3):e16876. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016876.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vandeputte, D., G. Falony, S. Vieira-Silva, R. Y. Tito, M. Joossens, and J. Raes. 2016. Stool consistency is strongly associated with gut microbiota richness and composition, enterotypes and bacterial growth rates. Gut 65 (1):57–62. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309618.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vigsnaes, L. K., J. Brynskov, C. Steenholdt, A. Wilcks, and T. R. Licht. 2012. Gram-negative bacteria account for main differences between faecal microbiota from patients with ulcerative colitis and healthy controls. Beneficial Microbes 3 (4):287–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, J.-H., S. Bose, G.-C. Kim, S.-U. Hong, J.-H. Kim, J-e Kim, and H. Kim. 2014. Flos lonicera ameliorates obesity and associated endotoxemia in rats through modulation of gut permeability and intestinal microbiota. PLoS One 9 (1):e86117. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0086117.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, J.-H., S. Bose, H.-G. Kim, K.-S. Han, and H. Kim. 2015. Fermented rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae alleviates high fat diet-induced obesity in association with regulation of intestinal permeability and microbiota in rats. Scientific Reports 5 (1):8391. doi:10.1038/srep08391.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, L., C. T. Christophersen, M. J. Sorich, J. P. Gerber, M. T. Angley, and M. A. Conlon. 2011. Low relative abundances of the mucolytic bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila and Bifidobacterium spp. in feces of children with autism. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77 (18):6718–21. doi:10.1128/AEM.05212-11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, M., X.-Y. Zhang, R.-R. Guo, Z.-P. Cai, X.-C. Hu, H. Chen, S. Wei, J. Voglmeir, and L. Liu. 2018. Cloning, purification and biochemical characterization of two β-N-acetylhexosaminidases from the mucin-degrading gut bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila. Carbohydrate Research 457:1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong, M.-L., A. Inserra, M. D. Lewis, C. A. Mastronardi, L. Leong, J. Choo, S. Kentish, P. Xie, M. Morrison, S. L. Wesselingh., et al. 2016. Inflammasome signaling affects anxiety- and depressive-like behavior and gut microbiome composition. Molecular Psychiatry 21 (6):797–805. doi:10.1038/mp.2016.46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, W., L. Lv, D. Shi, J. Ye, D. Fang, F. Guo, Y. Li, X. He, and L. Li. 2017. Protective effect of Akkermansia muciniphila against Immune-Mediated liver injury in a mouse model. Frontiers in Microbiology 8:1804. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.01804.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan, M., M.-M. Song, R.-X. Bai, S. Cheng, and W.-M. Yan. 2016. Effect of roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery on intestinal Akkermansia muciniphila. World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 8 (4):301–7. doi:10.4240/wjgs.v8.i4.301.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, J., L. B. Bindels, R. R. Segura Munoz, I. Martínez, J. Walter, A. E. Ramer-Tait, and D. J. Rose. 2016. Disparate metabolic responses in mice fed a High-Fat diet supplemented with maize-derived non-digestible feruloylated oligo- and polysaccharides are linked to changes in the gut microbiota. PLoS One 11 (1):e0146144. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0146144.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeng, B., S. Han, P. Wang, B. Wen, W. Jian, W. Guo, Z. Yu, D. Du, X. Fu, F. Kong., et al. 2015. The bacterial communities associated with fecal types and body weight of rex rabbits. Scientific Reports 5 (1):9342. doi:10.1038/srep09342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeng, H., D. L. Lazarova, and M. Bordonaro. 2014. Mechanisms linking dietary fiber, gut microbiota and Colon cancer prevention. World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 6 (2):41–51. doi:10.4251/wjgo.v6.i2.41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, H., J. B. Sparks, S. V. Karyala, R. Settlage, and X. M. Luo. 2015. Host adaptive immunity alters gut microbiota. The ISME Journal 9 (3):770.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, L., R. N. Carmody, H. M. Kalariya, R. M. Duran, K. Moskal, A. Poulev, P. Kuhn, K. M. Tveter, P. J. Turnbaugh, I. Raskin., et al. 2018. Grape proanthocyanidin-induced intestinal bloom of Akkermansia muciniphila is dependent on its baseline abundance and precedes activation of host genes related to metabolic health. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 56:142–51. doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.02.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, X., D. Shen, Z. Fang, Z. Jie, X. Qiu, C. Zhang, Y. Chen, and L. Ji. 2013. Human gut microbiota changes reveal the progression of glucose intolerance. PLoS One 8 (8):e71108. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar