4,174
Views
121
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Reviews

Metabolism of anthocyanins and consequent effects on the gut microbiota

, , , , , , & show all

References

  • Ahmadiani, N. , R. J. Robbins , T. M. Collins , and M. M. Giusti . 2014. Anthocyanins contents, profiles, and color characteristics of red cabbage extracts from different cultivars and maturity stages. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 62 (30):7524–31.
  • Ananga, A. ,. V. Georgiev , and V. Tsolova . 2013. Manipulation and engineering of metabolic and biosynthetic pathway of plant polyphenols. Current Pharmaceutical Design 19 (34):6186–206.
  • Aura, A. M. , P. Martin-Lopez , K. A. O'Leary , G. Williamson , K. M. Oksman-Caldentey , K. Poutanen , and C. Santos-Buelga . 2005. In vitro metabolism of anthocyanins by human gut microflora. European Journal of Nutrition 44 (3):133–42.
  • Bkowska-Barczak, A . 2005. Acylated anthocyanins as stable, natural food colorants – A review. Pol. Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences 14 :107–16.
  • Blaut, M. , and T. Clavel . 2007. Metabolic diversity of the intestinal microbiota: Implications for health and disease. The Journal of Nutrition 137 (3):751S–5S.
  • Bodet, C. , D. Grenier , F. Chandad , I. Ofek , D. Steinberg , and E. I. Weiss . 2008. Potential oral health benefits of cranberry. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 48 (7):672–80. e
  • Boto-Ordóñez, M. , M. Urpi-Sarda , M. I. Queipo-Ortuño , S. Tulipani , F. J. Tinahones , and C. Andres-Lacueva . 2014. High levels of bifidobacteria are associated with increased levels of anthocyanin microbial metabolites: A randomized clinical trial. Food & Function 5 (8):1932–8.
  • Bowen-Forbes, C. S. , Y. Zhang , and M. G. Nair . 2010. Anthocyanin content, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties of blackberry and raspberry fruits. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 23 (6):554–60.
  • Bueno, J. M. , P. Sáez-Plaza , F. Ramos-Escudero , A. M. Jiménez , R. Fett , and A. G. Asuero . 2012. Analysis and antioxidant capacity of anthocyanin pigments. Part II: Chemical structure, color, and intake of anthocyanins. Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry 42 (2):126–51.
  • Cevallos-Casals, B. A. , D. H. Byrne , L. Cisneros-Zevallos , and W. R. Okie . 2002. Total phenolic and anthocyanin content in red-fleshed peaches and plums. Acta Horticulturae 592 :589–92.
  • Chen, Y. , Q. Li , T. Zhao , Z. Zhang , G. Mao , W. Feng , X. Wu , and L. Yang . 2017. Biotransformation and metabolism of three mulberry anthocyanin monomers by rat gut microflora. Food Chemistry 237 :887–94.
  • Chen, L. , B. Jiang , C. Zhong , J. Guo , L. Zhang , T. Mu , Q. Zhang , and X. Bi . 2018. Chemoprevention of colorectal cancer by black raspberry anthocyanins involved the modulation of gut microbiota and SFRP2 demethylation. Carcinogenesis 39(3):471–81.
  • Chistiakov, D. A. , Y. V. Bobryshev , E. Kozarov , I. A. Sobenin , and A. N. Orekhov . 2015. Role of gut microbiota in the modulation of atherosclerosis-associated immune response. Frontiers in Microbiology 6 :671.
  • Clifford, M. N . 2000. Anthocyanins-nature, occurrence and dietary burden. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 80 (7):1063–72.
  • Coman, M. M. , A. M. Oancea , M. C. Verdenelli , C. Cecchini , G. E. Bahrim , C. Orpianesi , A. Cresci , and S. Silvi . 2018. Polyphenol content and in vitro evaluation of antioxidant, antimicrobial and prebiotic properties of red fruit extracts. European Food Research and Technology 244 (4):735–45.
  • Da Costa, C. T. , D. Horton , and S. A. Margolis . 2000. Analysis of anthocyanins in foods by liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis. Journal of Chromatography A 881 (1–2):403–10.
  • de Freitas, V. , and N. Mateus . 2006. Chemical transformations of anthocyanins yielding a variety of colour (Review). Environmental Chemistry Letters 4 (3):175–83.
  • Dranca, F. , and M. Oroian . 2017. Total monomeric anthocyanin, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of extracts from eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) peel using ultrasonic treatments. Journal of Food Process Engineering 40 (1):e12312.
  • Dulf, F. V. , D. C. Vodnar , E. H. Dulf , Z. Diaconeasa , and C. Socaciu . 2018. Liberation and recovery of phenolic antioxidants and lipids in chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) pomace by solid-state bioprocessing using Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus oligosporus strains. Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft & Technologie 87 :241–9.
  • Escribano-Bailón, M. T. , C. Santos-Buelga , and J. C. Rivas-Gonzalo . 2004. Anthocyanins in cereals. Journal of Chromatography. A 1054 (1–2):129–41.
  • Espley, R. V. , C. A. Butts , W. A. Laing , S. Martell , H. Smith , T. K. McGhie , J. Zhang , G. Paturi , D. Hedderley , A. Bovy , et al. 2014. Dietary flavonoids from modified apple reduce inflammation markers and modulate gut microbiota in mice. The Journal of Nutrition 144 (2):146–54.
  • Fang, J . 2014. Bioavailability of anthocyanins. Drug Metabolism Reviews 46 (4):508–20.
  • Fang, J . 2015. Classification of fruits based on anthocyanin types and relevance to their health effects. Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) 31 (11-12):1301–6.
  • Faria, A. , C. Calhau , V. de Freitas , and N. Mateus . 2006. Procyanidins as antioxidants and tumor cell growth modulators. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 54 (6):2392–7.
  • Faria, A. , I. Fernandes , S. Norberto , N. Mateus , and C. Calhau . 2014. Interplay between anthocyanins and gut microbiota. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 62 (29):6898–902.
  • Faria, A. , D. Pestana , J. Azevedo , F. Martel , V. de Freitas , I. Azevedo , N. Mateus , and C. Calhau . 2009. Absorption of anthocyanins through intestinal epithelial cells-Putative involvement of GLUT2. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 53 (11):1430–7.
  • Felgines, C. , O. Texier , C. Besson , B. Lyan , J. L. Lamaison , and A. Scalbert . 2007. Strawberry pelargonidin glycosides are excreted in urine as intact glycosides and glucuronidated pelargonidin derivatives in rats. British Journal of Nutrition 98 :1126–31.
  • Fernandes, I. , A. Faria , C. Calhau , V. de Freitas , and N. Mateus . 2014. Bioavailability of anthocyanins and derivatives. Journal of Functional Foods 7 :54–66.
  • Fernandes, I. , A. Faria , V. de Freitas , C. Calhau , and N. Mateus . 2015. Multiple-approach studies to assess anthocyanin bioavailability. Phytochemistry Reviews 14(6):899–919.
  • Felgines, C. , S. Talavéra , M.-P. Gonthier , O. Texier , A. Scalbert , J.-L. Lamaison , and C. Rémésy . 2003. Strawberry anthocyanins are recovered in urine as glucuro- and sulfoconjugates in humans . The Journal of Nutrition 133 (5):1296–301.
  • Flores, G. , M. L. Ruiz del Castillo , A. Costabile , A. Klee , K. Bigetti Guergoletto , and G. R. Gibson . 2015. In vitro fermentation of anthocyanins encapsulated with cyclodextrins: Release, metabolism and influence on gut microbiota growth. Journal of Functional Foods 16 :50–7.
  • Gonzalez-Barrio, R. , C. A. Edwards , and A. Crozier . 2011. Colonic catabolism of ellagitannins, ellagic acid, and raspberry anthocyanins: In vivo and in vitro studies. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 39 (9):1680–8.
  • Guergoletto, K. B. , A. Costabile , G. Flores , S. Garcia , and G. R. Gibson . 2016. In vitro fermentation of Juçara pulp (Euterpe edulis) by human colonic microbiota. Food Chemistry 196 :251–8.
  • Hanske, L. , W. Engst , G. Loh , S. Sczesny , M. Blaut , and A. Braune . 2013. Contribution of gut bacteria to the metabolism of cyanidin 3-glucoside in human microbiota-associated rats. The British Journal of Nutrition 109 (8):1433–41.
  • Hazen, S. L. , and J. D. Smith . 2012. An antiatherosclerotic signaling Cascade involving intestinal microbiota, microRNA-10b, and ABCA1/ABCG1-mediated reverse cholesterol transport. Circulation Research 111 (8):948–50.
  • He, J. , and M. M. Giusti . 2010. Anthocyanins: natural colorants with health-promoting properties. Annual Review of Food Science and Technology 1 :163–87.
  • Hidalgo, M. , M. J. Oruna-Concha , S. Kolida , G. E. Walton , S. Kallithraka , J. P. E. Spencer , G. R. Gibson , and S. de Pascual-Teresa . 2012. Metabolism of anthocyanins by human gut microflora and their influence on gut bacterial growth. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 60(15):3882–90.
  • Hollman, P. C . 2004. Absorption, bioavailability, and metabolism of flavonoids. Pharmaceutical Biology 42 (Supp1):74–83.
  • Hu, Y. , Y. Ma , S. Wu , T. Chen , Y. He , J. Sun , R. Jiao , X. Jiang , Y. Huang , L. Deng , and W. Bai . 2016. Protective effect of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside against ultraviolet b radiation-induced cell damage in human HaCaT keratinocytes. Frontiers in Pharmacology 7:301.
  • Jiang, X. W. , X. S. Li , C. J. Zhu , J. X. Sun , L. M. Tian , W. Chen , and W. B. Bai . 2018. The target cells of anthocyanins in metabolic syndrome. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. doi:10.1080/10408398.2018.1491022
  • Kamonpatana, K. ,. M. M. Giusti , C. Chitchumroonchokchai , M. MorenoCruz , K. M. Riedl , P. Kumar , and M. L. Failla . 2012. Susceptibility of anthocyanins to ex vivo degradation in human saliva. Food Chemistry 135(2):738–47.
  • Keppler, K. , and H. U. Humpf . 2005. Metabolism of anthocyanins and their phenolic degradation products by the intestinal microflora. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 13 (17):5195–205.
  • Kuntz, S. , C. Kunz , E. Domann , N. Würdemann , F. Unger , A. Römpp , and S. Rudloff . 2016. Inhibition of low-grade inflammation by anthocyanins after microbial fermentation in vitro. Nutrients 8 (7):411.
  • Lacombe, A. , R. W. Li , D. Klimis-Zacas , A. S. Kristo , S. Tadepalli , E. Krauss , R. Young , and V. C. H. Wu . 2013. Lowbush wild blueberries have the potential to modify gut microbiota and xenobiotic metabolism in the rat Colon. PLoS ONE 8 (6):e67497.
  • LeBlanc, J. G. , C. Milani , G. S. de Giori , F. Sesma , D. Van Sinderen , and M. Ventura . 2013. Bacteria as vitamin suppliers to their host: A gut microbiota perspective. Current Opinion in Biotechnology 24 (2):160–8.
  • Lee, I. H. , Y. H. Hung , and C. C. Chou . 2008. Solid-state fermentation with fungi to enhance the antioxidative activity, total phenolic and anthocyanin contents of black bean. International Journal of Food Microbiology 121 (2):150–6.
  • Lee, S. , K. I. Keirsey , R. Kirkland , Z. I. Grunewald , J. G. Fischer , and C. B. de La Serre . 2018. Blueberry supplementation influences the gut microbiota, inflammation, and insulin resistance in high-fat-diet-fed rats. The Journal of Nutrition 148 (2):209–19.
  • Li, D. , P. Wang , Y. Luo , M. Zhao , and F. Chen . 2017. Health benefits of anthocyanins and molecular mechanisms: Update from recent decade. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 57 (8):1729–41.
  • Mallery, S. R. , D. E. Budendorf , M. P. Larsen , P. Pei , M. Tong , A. S. Holpuch , P. E. Larsen , G. D. Stoner , H. W. Fields , K. K. Chan , et al. 2011. Effects of human oral mucosal tissue, saliva, and oral microflora on intraoral metabolism and bioactivation of black raspberry anthocyanins. Cancer Prevention Research 4(8):1209–21.,
  • Molan, A. L. , Z. Liu , and M. Kruger . 2010. The ability of blackcurrant extracts to positively modulate keymarkers of gastrointestinal function in rats. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 26 (10):1735–43.
  • Molan, A. L. , Z. Liu , and G. Plimmer . 2014. Evaluation of the effect of blackcurrant products on gut microbiota and on markers of risk for Colon cancer in humans. Phytotherapy Research: Ptr 28 (3):416–22.
  • Morais, C. A. , V. V. de Rosso , D. Estadella , and L. P. Pisani . 2016. Anthocyanins as inflammatory modulators and the role of the gut microbiota. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 33 :1–7.
  • Morais, C. A. , L. M. Oyama , R. de Moura Conrado , V. V. de Rosso , C. O. do Nascimento , and L. P. Pisani . 2015. Polyphenols-rich fruit in maternal diet modulates inflammatory markers and the gut microbiota and improves colonic expression of ZO-1 in offspring. Food Research International 77 :186–93.
  • Nave, F. , V. Petrov , F. R. Pina , N. Teixeira , N. Mateus , and V. de Freitas . 2010. Thermodynamic and kinetic properties of a red wine pigment: Catechin-(4,8)-malvidin-3-O-glucoside. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 114 (42):13487–96.
  • Nile, S. H. , D. H. Kim , and K. Young-Soo . 2015. Determination of anthocyanin content and antioxidant capacity of different grape varieties. Ciência e Técnica Vitivinícola 30 :60–8.
  • Pan, P. , V. Lam , N. Salzman , Y. W. Huang , J. Yu , J. Zhang , and L. S. Wang . 2017. Black raspberries and their anthocyanin and fiber fractions alter the composition and diversity of gut microbiota in F-344 rats. Nutrition and Cancer 69 (6):943–51.
  • Passamonti, S. , U. Vrhovsek , A. Vanzo , and F. Mattivi . 2003. The stomach as a site for anthocyanins absorption from food. FEBS Letters 544 (1–3):210–3.
  • Passamonti, S. , A. Vanzo , U. Vrhovsek , M. Terdoslavich , A. Cocolo , G. Decorti , and F. Mattivi . 2005. Hepatic uptake of grape anthocyanins and the role of bilitranslocase. Food Research International 38 (8–9):953–60.
  • Paturi, G. , C. A. Butts , J. A. Monro , and D. Hedderley . 2018. Effects of blackcurrant and dietary fibers on large intestinal health biomarkers in rats. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands) 73 (1):54–60.
  • Petroni, K. , R. Pilu , and C. Tonelli . 2014. Anthocyanins in corn: A wealth of genes for human health. Planta 240 (5):901–11.
  • Pereira, D. M. , P. Valentao , J. A. Pereira , and P. B. Andrade . 2009. Phenolics: From chemistry to biology. Molecules 14 (6):2202–11.
  • Podsędek, A. , M. Redzynia , E. Klewicka , and M. Koziołkiewicz . 2014. Matrix effects on the stability and antioxidant activity of red cabbage anthocyanins under simulated gastrointestinal digestion. BioMed Research International 2014 :1.
  • Putta, S. , N. S. Yarla , I. Peluso , D. K. Tiwari , G. V. Reddy , P. V. Giri , N. Kumar , R. Malla , P. V. B. Chari , R. S. D. Reddy , et al. 2017. Anthocyanins: Multi-target agents for prevention and therapy of chronic diseases. Current Pharmaceutical Design 23 :1–26.
  • Rein, M . 2005. Copigmentation reactions and color stability of berry anthocyanins. Master diss. Helsinki: University of Helsinki.
  • Requena, T. , M. Monagas , M. A. Pozo-Bayón , P. J. Martín-Álvarez , B. Bartolomé , R. del Campo , M. Ávila , M. C. Martínez-Cuesta , C. Peláez , and M. V. Moreno-Arribas . 2010. Perspectives of the potential implications of wine polyphenols on human oral and gut microbiota. Trends in Food Science and Technology 21 (7):332–44.
  • Riaz, M. , M. Zia-Ul-Haq , and B. Saad . 2016. Anthocyanins and human health: Biomolecular and therapeutic aspects. Switzerland: Springer.
  • Scalbert, A. , and G. Williamson . 2000. Dietary intake and bioavailability of polyphenols. The Journal of Nutrition 130(8S Suppl):2073S–85S.
  • Scarano, A. , E. Butelli , D. S. Santis , E. Cavalcanti , L. Hill , M. De Angelis , G. Giovinazzo , M. Chieppa , C. Martin , and A. Santino . 2018. Combined dietary anthocyanins, flavonols, and stilbenoids alleviate inflammatory bowel disease symptoms in mice. Frontiers in Nutrition 4 :75.
  • Sekirov, I. , S. L. Russell , L. C. Antunes , and B. B. Finlay . 2010. Gut microbiota in health and disease. Physiological Reviews 90(3):859–904.
  • Singh, A. , B. K. Singh , B. C. Deka , S. K. Sanwal , R. K. Patel , and M. R. Verma . 2011. The genetic variability, inheritance and inter-relationships of ascorbic acid, β-carotene, phenol and anthocyanin content in strawberry (Fragaria× ananassa duch). Scientia Horticulturae 129 :86–90.
  • Sun, H. , P. Zhang , Y. Zhu , Q. Lou , and S. He . 2018. Antioxidant and prebiotic activity of five peonidin-based anthocyanins extracted from purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) lam). Scientific Reports 8 :5018.
  • Talavera, S. , C. Felgines , O. Texier , C. Besson , C. Manach , J. L. Lamaison , and C. Rémésy . 2004. Anthocyanins are efficiently absorbed from the small intestine in rats. The Journal of Nutrition 134 (9):2275–9.
  • Talavera, S. , C. Felgines , O. Texier , C. Besson , A. Gil-Izquierdo , J. L. Lamaison , and C. Rémésy . 2005. Anthocyanin metabolism in rats and their distribution to digestive area, kidney, and brain. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53 (10):3902–8.
  • Takos, A. M. , F. W. Jaffé , S. R. Jacob , J. Bogs , S. P. Robinson , and A. R. Walker . 2006. Light-induced expression of a MYB gene regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis in red apples. Plant Physiology 142 (3):1216–32.
  • Tsuda, T. , F. Horio , and T. Osawa . 1999. Absorption and metabolism of cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside in rats. FEBS Letters 449 (2–3):179–82.
  • Vendrame, S. , S. Guglielmetti , P. Riso , S. Arioli , D. Klimis-Zacas , and M. Porrini . 2011. Six-week consumption of a wild blueberry powder drink increases bifidobacteria in the human gut. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 59 (24):12815–20.
  • Vitaglione, P. , G. Donnarumma , A. Napolitano , F. Galvano , A. Gallo , L. Scalfi , and V. Fogliano . 2007. Protocatechuic acid is the major human metabolite of cyanidin-glucosides. The Journal of Nutrition 137 (9):2043–8.
  • Wang, D. , M. Xia , X. Yan , D. Li , L. Wang , Y. Xu , T. Jin , and W. Ling . 2012. Gut microbiota metabolism of anthocyanin promotes reverse cholesterol transport in mice via repressing miRNA-10b. Circulation Research 111 (8):967–81.
  • Wu, S. , Y. Hu , Z. Li , W. Bai , J. Zhao , C. Huang , Q. Li , C. Fan , L. Deng , and D. Lu . 2018. The effect of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside on UVA-induced damage in human dermal fibroblasts. Photodermatology, Photoimmunology and Photomedicine 2018 :1–8.
  • Wu, X. , G. R. Beecher , J. M. Holden , D. B. Haytowitz , S. E. Gebhardt , and R. L. Prior . 2006. Concentrations of anthocyanins in common foods in the United States and estimation of normal consumption. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 54 (11):4069–75.
  • Yin, L. , T. Chen , Y. Li , S. Fu , L. Li , M. Xu , and Y. Niu . 2016. A comparative study on total anthocyanin content, composition of anthocyanidin, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of pigmented potato peel and flesh. Food Science and Technology Research 22 (2):219–26.
  • Zhang, P. , M. Zhang , S. He , X. Cao , H. Sun , X. Chen , Y. Xie , Q. Luo , X. Wang , and Y. Ye . 2016. Extraction and probiotic properties of new anthocyanins from purple sweet potato (Solanum tuberosum ). Current Topics in Nutraceutical Research 14 :153.
  • Zhang, X. , Y. Yang , Z. Wu , and P. Weng . 2016. The modulatory effect of anthocyanins from purple sweet potato on human intestinal microbiota in vitro. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 64 (12):2582–90.
  • Zhu, Y. , H. Sun , S. He , Q. Lou , M. Yu , M. Tang , and L. Tu . 2018. Metabolism and prebiotics activity of anthocyanins from black rice (Oryza sativa L.) in vitro. PLoS One 13 (4):e0195754.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.