Possible food safety hazards of ready-to-eat raw fish containing product (sushi, sashimi)

References

• Abhilash, P. C., and N. Singh. 2009. Pesticide use and application: An Indian scenario. Journal of Hazardous Materials 165 (1-3):1–12. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.10.061.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akkaya, O., H. I. Guvenc, S. Yuksekkaya, A. Opus, A. Guzelant, M. Kaya, M. G. Kurtoglu, and N. Kaya. 2017. Real-time PCR detection of the most common bacteria and viruses causing meningitis. Clinical Laboratory 63 (04/2017):827–32. doi: 10.7754/Clin.Lab.2016.160912.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Anastassiades, M., S. J. Lehotay, D. Štajnbaher, and F. J. Schenck. 2003. Fast and easy multiresidue method employing acetonitrile extraction/partitioning and “dispersive solid-phase extraction” for the determination of pesticide residues in produce. Journal of AOAC International 86 (2):412–31. doi: 10.1093/jaoac/86.2.412.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anonym. 2020. Biggest companies in the Sushi Restaurants industry in the US. Accessed March 22, 2020. https://www.ibisworld.com/united-states/market-research-reports/sushi-restaurants-industry/
   Google Scholar
• Arai, T. 2014a. Salmon migration patterns revealed the temporal and spatial fluctuations of the radiocesium levels in terrestrial and ocean environments. PLoS One 9 (6):e100779. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100779.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arai, T. 2014b. Radioactive cesium accumulation in freshwater fishes after the Fukushima nuclear accident. SpringerPlus 3 (1):479–13. doi: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-479.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ardini, F., G. Dan, and M. Grotti. 2020. Arsenic speciation analysis of environmental samples. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 35 (2):215–37. doi: 10.1039/C9JA00333A.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aristoy, M. A. C., L. Mora, A. S. Hernández-Cázares, and F. Toldrá. 2009. Lipid compounds. In Handbook of seafood and seafood products analysis, 77–88. Boca Raton, USA: CRC Press.
   Google Scholar
• Arizono, N., M. Yamada, F. Nakamura-Uchiyama, and K. Ohnishi. 2009. Diphyllobothriasis associated with eating raw pacific salmon. Emerging Infectious Diseases 15 (6):866–70. doi: 10.3201/eid1506.090132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry). 2007. Toxicological profile for arsenic. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service.
   Google Scholar
• ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry). 1999. Toxicological profile for mercury. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service.
   Google Scholar
• ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry). 2000. Toxicological profile for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Atlanta, GA. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service.ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry). 2012. Toxicological profile of chromium. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service.
   Google Scholar
• Bakshi, A., and A. K. Panigrahi. 2018. A comprehensive review on chromium induced alterations in fresh water fishes. Toxicology Reports 5:440–7.
   Google Scholar
• Blackburn, C. D. W. 2006. Food spoilage microorganisms. In Woodhead publishing Series in food science, technology and nutrition, 695–712. Cambridge, UK: Woodhead Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Boada, L. D., M. Zumbado, O. P. Luzardo, M. Almeida-González, S. M. Plakas, H. R. Granade, A. Abraham, E. L. E. Jester, and R. W. Dickey. 2010. Ciguatera fish poisoning on the West Africa coast: An emerging risk in the canary islands. Toxicon 56 (8):1516–9. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2010.07.021.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Böhme, K., C. F. N. Inmaculada, J. Barros-Velázquez, J. M. Gallardo, B. Canãs, and P. Calo-Mata. 2012. Species identification of food spoilage and pathogenic bacteria by MALDI-TOF mass fingerprinting. In Food quality, ed. K. Kapiris. Rijeka, Croatia: InTech. Accessed September 10, 2018. http://www.intechopen.com/books/food-quality/species-identification-of-food-spoilage-and-pathogenic-bacteria-by-maldi-tof-mass-fingerprinting. ISBN: 978-953-51-0560-2
   Google Scholar
• Brett, M. M. 2003. Food poisoning associated with biotoxins in fish and shellfish. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 16 (5):461–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brighton and Hove City Council. 2008. Safe production of sushi, sashimi and other raw fish products. Accessed November 13, 2018. https://www.brighton-hove.gov.uk/sites/brighton-hove.gov.uk/files/downloads/food_safety_team/Fguide54_-_Safe_Production_of_Sushi_and_Sashimi.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Brittain, J. E., and J. E. Gjerseth. 2010. Long-term trends and variation in 137Cs activity concentrations in brown trout (Salmo trutta) from Øvre Heimdalsvatn, a Norwegian subalpine lake. Hydrobiologia 642 (1):107–13. doi: 10.1007/s10750-010-0155-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchmann, K., and F. Mehrdana. 2016. Effects of anisakid nematodes Anisakis simplex (s.l), Pseudoterranova decipiens (s.l) and Contracaecum osculatum (s.l) on fish and consumer health. Food and Waterborne Parasitology 4:13–7. doi: 10.1016/j.fawpar.2016.07.003.
   Google Scholar
• Buesseler, K. O., S. R. Jayne, N. S. Fisher, I. I. Rypina, H. Baumann, Z. Baumann, C. F. Breier, E. M. Douglass, J. George, A. M. Macdonald, et al. 2012. Fukushima-derived radionuclides in the ocean and biota off Japan. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Sciences 109 (16):5984–8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1120794109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao, H., J. Chen, J. Zhang, H. Zhang, L. Qiao, and Y. Men. 2010. Heavy metals in rice and garden vegetables and their potential health risks to inhabitant in the vicinity of an industrial zone in Jiangsu. Journal of Environmental Sciences 22 (11):1792–9. doi: 10.1016/S1001-0742(09)60321-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carvalho, F. P. 2017. Pesticides, environment, and food safety. Food and Energy Security 6 (2):48–60. doi: 10.1002/fes3.108.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2015. Norovirus. [website] URL: https://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/about/transmission.html. Accessed: 2nd July 2018
   Google Scholar
• Chai, J., M. K. Darwin, and A. Lymbery. 2005. Fish-borne parasitic zoonoses: Status and issues. International Journal for Parasitology 35 (11-12):1233–54. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2005.07.013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chai, J. Y., E. H. Shin, S. H. Lee, and H. J. Rim. 2009. Foodborne intestinal flukes in Southeast Asia. Korean Journal for Parasitology 47:70–90.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, H.-C., Y.-R. Huang, H.-H. Hsu, C.-S. Lin, W.-C. Chen, C.-M. Lin, and Y.-H. Tsai. 2010. Determination of histamine and biogenic amines in fish cubes implicated in a food-borne poisoning. Food Control 21 (1):13–8. doi: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2009.03.014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, H.-C., H.-F. Kung, W.-C. Chen, W.-F. Lin, D.-F. Hwang, Y.-C. Lee, and Y.-H. Tsai. 2008. Determination of histamine and histamine-forming bacteria in tuna dumpling implicated in a food-borne poisoning. Food Chemistry 106 (2):612–8. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.06.020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chernova, E. N., and E. V. Lysenko. 2019. The content of metals in organisms of various trophic levels in freshwater and brackish lakes on the coast of the sea of Japan. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26 (20):20428–38. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-05198-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choppala, G., N. Bolan, and J. H. Park. 2013. Chapter two - Chromium contamination and its risk management in complex environmental settings. Advances in Agronomy 120:129–72.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chou, J. C. H. S., and M. Williams-Johnson. 1998. Health effects classification and its role in the derivation of minimal risk levels: Neurological effects. Toxicology and Industrial Health 14 (3):455–71. doi: 10.1177/074823379801400305.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke, R., L. Connolly, C. Frizzell, and C. T. Elliott. 2015. Challenging conventional risk assessment with respect to human exposure to multiple food contaminants in food: A case study using maize. Toxicology Letters 238 (1):54–64. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.07.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Codex Alimentarius. 2018. Maximum residue limits (MRLs) and risk management recommendations (RMRs) for residues of veterinary drugs in foods Cx/MRL 2-1018. Accessed November 13, 2018. http://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/sh-proxy/en/?lnk=1&url=https%253A%252F%252Fworkspace.fao.org%252Fsites%252Fcodex%252FStandar*ds%252FCAC%2BMRL%2B2%252FMRL2e.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Coetzee, J. J., N. Bansal, and E. M. N. Chirwa. 2020. Chromium in environment, its toxic effect from chromite-mining and ferrochrome industries, and its possible bioremedication. Exposure and Health 12 (1):51–62. doi: 10.1007/s12403-018-0284-z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Commission Decision. 2002. No. 2002/657/EC of 12 August 2002 implementing Council Directive 96/23/EC concerning the performance of analytical methods and their interpretation of results. Official Journal of the European Union L 221:8–36.
   Google Scholar
• Commission Regulation. 2004a. No 852/2004 of the European Parliament and the Council of 29 April 2004 on the hygiene of foodstuffs. Official Journal of the European Union L 139:1.
   Google Scholar
• Commission Regulation. 2004b. No 853/2004 of the European Parliament and the Council of 29 April 2004 laying down specific hygiene rules for the hygiene of foodstuffs. Official Journal of the European Union L 139:55.
   Google Scholar
• Commission Regulation. 2004c. No 854/2004 of the European parliament and of the council of 29 April 2004 laying down specific rules for the organisation of official controls on products of animal origin intended for human consumption. Official Journal of the European Union L 226:83–127.
   Google Scholar
• Commission Regulation. 2005. No 2073/2005 of 15 November 2005 on microbiological criteria for foodstuffs. Official Journal of the European Union L 338:1–26.
   Google Scholar
• Commission Regulation. 2006. No 1881/2006 of 19 December 2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. Official Journal of the European Union L 364:5–24.
   Google Scholar
• Commission Regulation. 2015. No. 2015/1006 of 25 June 2015 amending Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 as regards maximum levels of inorganic arsenic in foodstuffs. Official Journal of the European Union L 161:14–6.
   Google Scholar
• Commission Regulation. 2016. Implementing Regulation (EU) No. 2016/6 of 5 January 2016 imposing special conditions governing the import of feed and food originating in or consigned from Japan following the accident at the Fukushima nuclear power station and repealing Implementing Regulation (EU) No 322/2014. Official Journal of the European Union L 3:5–15.
   Google Scholar
• Cooper, K. M., C. McMahon, I. Fairweather, and C. T. Elliott. 2015. Potential impacts of climate change on veterinary medicinal residues in livestock produce: An island of Ireland perspective. Trends in Food Science & Technology 44 (1):21–35. doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2014.03.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa, F. N., M. G. A. Korn, G. B. Brito, S. Ferlin, and A. H. Fostier. 2016. Preliminary results of mercury levels in raw and cooked seafood and their public health impact. Food Chemistry 192:837–841.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daranas, A. H., M. Norte, and J. J. Fernandez. 2001. Toxic marine microalgae. Toxicon 39:1101–1132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daschner, A. 2016. Chapter 31: Risks and possible health effects of raw fish intake. In: Fish and fish oil in health and disease prevention, 341–53. Cambridge, USA: Academic Press. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-802844-5.00031-2.
   Google Scholar
• Dayan, A. D., and A. J. Paine. 2001. Mechanisms of chromium toxicity, carcinogenicity and allergenicity: Review of the literature from 1985 to 2000. Human & Experimental Toxicology 20 (9):439–51. doi: 10.1191/096032701682693062.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diaz, J. H. 2013. Paragonimiasis acquired in the United States: Native and nonnative species. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 26 (3):493–504. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00103-12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorny, P., N. Praet, N. Deckers, and S. Gabriel. 2009. Emerging food-borne parasites. Veterinary Parasitology 163 (3):196–206. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.05.026.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EC (European Commission). 2016. Policy guideline on tetrodotoxin in live bivalve molluscs. Notification 2016/0277/NL. Accessed October 15, 2018. http://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/tris/en/search/?trisaction=search.detail&year=2016&num=277.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Edin, A., S. Granholm, S. Koskiniemi, A. Allard, A. Sjöstedt, and A. Johansson. 2015. Development and laboratory evaluation of a Real-Time PCR assay for detecting viruses and bacteria of relevance for community-acquired Pneumonia. The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics 17 (3):315–24. doi: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2015.01.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EFSA (European Food Safety Authority). 2009. Scientific opinion on arsenic in food. EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM). EFSA Journal 7:1351.
   Google Scholar
• EFSA (European Food Safety Authority). 2010a. Results of the monitoring of dioxin levels in food and feed. EFSA Journal 8 (3):1385.
   Google Scholar
• EFSA (European Food Safety Authority). 2010b. Scientific opinion on marine biotoxins in shellfish – ciguatoxin group. EFSA Journal 8 (6):1627.
   Google Scholar
• EFSA (European Food Safety Authority). 2012. Scientific opinion on the risk for public health related to the presence of mercury and methylmercury in food. EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM). EFSA Journal 10 (12):2985.
   Google Scholar
• EFSA (European Food Safety Agency). 2014a. Scientific opinion on dietary reference values for chromium. EFSA Journal 12 (10):3845.
   Google Scholar
• EFSA (European Food Safety Agency). 2014b. Scientific Opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of chromium in food and drinking water. EFSA Journal 12 (3):3595.
   Google Scholar
• EFSA (European Food Safety Authority). 2015. Scientific statement on the health-based guidance values for dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs. EFSA Journal 13 (5):4124.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EFSA (European Food Safety Authority). 2017. The 2015 European Union report on pesticide residues in food. EFSA Journal 15 (4):4791.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EFSA (European Food Safety Authority). 2018a. Risk for animal and human health related to the presence of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in feed and food. EFSA Journal 16 (11):5333.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EFSA (European Food Safety Authority). 2018b. Summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food-borne outbreaks in 2017. EFSA Journal 16 (12):5500.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FAO (Food and Agriculture Organisation). 2017. FAO-WHO work on ciguatera and current challenges. Accessed November 2, 2018. http://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/sh-proxy/en/?lnk=1&url=https%253A%252F%252Fworkspace.fao.org%252Fsites%252Fcodex%252FMeetings%252FCX-735-11%252FCRDs%252FCiguatera.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• FDA (Food and Drug Administration). 2018a. Environmental chemical contaminants and pesticides. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Food Guidance Documents. Accessed September 12, 2018. https://www.fda.gov/downloads/food/guidanceregulation/ucm252404.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• FDA (Food and Drug Administration). 2018b. FDA voices on consumer safety and enforcement. [Website.]. Accessed September 5, 2018. https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/FDAVoices/ucm613783.htm.
   Google Scholar
• FEHD (Food and Environmental Hygiene Department). 2018. Food safety. [Website.]. Accessed September 5, 2018. https://www.fehd.gov.hk/english/food_safety/index.html.
   Google Scholar
• Food Safety Authority of Ireland. 2009. Mercury, lead, cadmium, tin and arsenic in food. Toxicology Factsheets Series 1:1.
   Google Scholar
• Fiamegkos, I., F. Cordeiro, V. Devesa, D. Vélez, P. Robouch, H. Emteborg, H. Leys, A. Cizek-Stroh, and B. de la Calle. 2015. Determination of inorganic arsenic in food by flow injection hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (FI-HG-AAS). Joint Research Centre Technical report. IMEP-41: Determination of inorganic as in food. European Union, Belgium. JR94325. https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/sites/jrcsh/files/IMEP-41%20Final%20report1.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Francesconi, K. A., and D. Kuehnelt. 2004. Determination of arsenic species: A critical review of methods and applications, 2000–2003. The Analyst 129 (5):373–95. doi: 10.1039/B401321M.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gall, B. G., A. N. Stokes, S. S. French, E. A. Schlepphorst, E. D. Brodie, and E. D. Jr. Brodie. 2011. Tetrodotoxin levels in larval and metamorphosed newts and palatability to predatory dragonflies. Toxicon 57 (7-8):978–83. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.03.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghaly, A. E., D. Dave, S. Budge, and M. Brooks. 2010. Fish spoilage mechanisms and preservation techniques: Review. American Journal of Applied Sciences 7:859–77. doi: 10.3844/ajassp.2010.859.877.
   Google Scholar
• Gibson, M. 2018. Fish and shellfish. In Food science and the culinary arts, 240–3. London: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gram, L., and H. H. Huss. 1996. Microbiological spoilage of fish and fish products. International Journal of Food Microbiology 33 (1):121–-37. doi: 10.1016/0168-1605(96)01134-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta, N., D. K. Khan, and S. C. Santra. 2008. An assessment of heavy metal contamination in vegetables grown in wastewater-irrigated areas of Titagarh, West Bengal, India. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 80 (2):115–8. doi: 10.1007/s00128-007-9327-z.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Habibi, B. I., Ghorbel-Abid, R. Lahsini, D. C. B. Hassen, and M. Trabelsi-Ayadi. 2019. Development and validation of a rapid HPLC method for multiresidue determination of erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin in aquaculture fish muscles. Acta Chromatographica 31 (2):109–12. doi: 10.1556/1326.2017.00376.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han, F., X. Huang, and G. K. Mahunu. 2017. Exploratory review on safety of edible raw fish per the hazard factors and their detection methods. Trends in Food Science & Technology 59:37–48. doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.11.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasan, M. R., H. Al Mana, V. Young, P. Tang, E. Thomas, R. Tan, and P. Tilley. 2019. A novel real-time PCR assay panel for detection of common respiratory pathogens in a convenient, strip-tube array format. Journal of Virological Methods 265:42–8. doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.12.013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Has-Schön, E., I. Bogut, and I. Strelec. 2006. Heavy metal profile in five species included in humans diet, domiciled in the end flow of River Neretva (Croatia). Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 50 (4):545–51. doi: 10.1007/s00244-005-0047-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HELCOM. 2018. Radioactive substances HELCOM core indicator report. Accessed March 19, 2020. https://helcom.fi/media/core%20indicators/Radioactive-substances-HELCOM-core-indicator-2018.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Henry, T. B. 2015. Ecotoxicology of polychlorinated biphenyls in fish–a critical review. Critical Reviews in Toxicology 45 (8):643–61. doi: 10.3109/10408444.2015.1038498.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herrman, J. L., and M. Younes. 1999. Background to the ADI/TDI/PTWI. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 30 (2):S109–S113. doi: 10.1006/rtph.1999.1335.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hess, P., S. Gallacher, L. A. Bates, and N. Brown. 2001. Determination and confirmation of the amnesic shellfish poisoning toxin, domoic acid, in shellfish from Scotland by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Journal of Association of Official Analytical Chemists International 84:657––1667.
   Google Scholar
• How, C. K., C. H. Chern, Y. C. Huang, L. M. Wang, and C. H. Lee. 2003. Tetrodotoxin poisoning. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine 21 (1):51–4. doi: 10.1053/ajem.2003.50008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsin-I Feng, C. 2012. The tale of sushi: History and regulations. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 11 (2):205–10. doi: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2011.00180.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hungerford, J. M. 2010. Scombroid poisoning: A review. Toxicon 56 (2):231–43. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2010.02.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hwang, D. F., and T. Noguchi. 2007. Tetrodotoxin poisoning. Advances in Food and Nutrition Research 52:141–236.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Imamoglu, H., and E. O. Olgun. 2016. Analysis of veterinary drug and pesticide residues using the ethyl acetate multiclass/multiresidue method in milk by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2016:1–17. Article ID 2170165
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IPCS (International Programme on Chemical Safety). 2001. Arsenic - Environmental aspects; Environmental health criteria. Geneva: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• IPCS (International Programme on Chemical Safety). 1986. Mercury - Environmental aspects; Environmental health criteria. Geneva: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• IPCS (International Programme on Chemical Safety). 2003. Elemental mercury and inorganic mercury compounds. Geneva: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• Isbister, G. K., and M. C. Kiernan. 2005. Neurotoxic marine poisoning. The Lancet Neurology 4 (4):219–28. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(05)70041-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• James, K. J., A. Furey, M. Lehane, H. Ramstad, T. Aune, P. Hovgaard, S. Morris, W. Higman, M. Satake, and T. Yasumoto. 2002. First evidence of an extensive northern European distribution of azaspiracid poisoning (AZP) toxins in shellfish. Toxicon 40 (7):909–15. doi: 10.1016/S0041-0101(02)00082-X.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jara-Marini, M. E., A. Molina-García, Á. Martínez-Durazo, and F. Páez-Osuna. 2020. Trace metal trophic transference and biomagnification in a semiarid coastal lagoon impacted by agriculture and shrimp aquaculture. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27 (5):5323–36. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-06788-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JECFA. 2004. Position paper on dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs. Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme. 33rd session of Codex Committee on Food Additives and Contaminants, CX/FAC 04/36/32 Rome
   Google Scholar
• JECFA-776. 1989. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants, 33rd Report of Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, Technical report series 776. Geneva
   Google Scholar
• JECFA-940. 2007. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants-Methylmercury, 67th Report of Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, Technical report series 940. Geneva
   Google Scholar
• JECFA-959. 2011. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants-Arsenic and Mercury, 72nd Report of Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, Technical report series 959. Geneva
   Google Scholar
• JECFA-960. 2010. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants-Lead, 73rd Report of Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, Technical report series 960. Geneva
   Google Scholar
• JECFA-983. 2013. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants-Cadmium, 77th Report of Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, Technical report series 983. Geneva
   Google Scholar
• Jeong, S., H. Lee, Y.-T. Kim, and H.-O. Yoon. 2017. Development of a simultaneous analytical method to determine arsenic speciation using HPLC-ICP-MS: Arsenate, arsenite, monomethylarsonic acid, dimethylarsinic acid, dimethyldithioarsinic acid, and dimethylmonothioarsinic acid. Microchemical Journal 134:295–300. doi: 10.1016/j.microc.2017.06.011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jepson, P. D., and R. J. Law. 2016. Persistent pollutants, persistent threats. Science 352 (6292):1388–9. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf9075.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joshi, P., and V. S. Bhoir. 2011. Study of histamine forming bacteria in commercial fish samples of Kalyan city. Intennational Journal of Current Scientific Research 1:39–42.
   Google Scholar
• Jung, J. Y., H. K. Yoon, S. An, J. W. Lee, E.-R. Ahn, Y.-J. Kim, H.-C. Park, K. Lee, J. H. Hwang, and S.-K. Lim. 2018. Rapid oral bacteria detection based on real-time PCR for the forensic identification of saliva. Scientific Reports 8 (1):10852–10. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-29264-2.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kalendar, R. A., Muterko, M. Shamekora, and K. Zhambakin. 2017. In silicon PCR tools for a fast primer, probe, and advanced searching. In PCR: Methods and protocols, 1–31. New-York, Spring Nature.
   Google Scholar
• Koo, I. 2018. Infectious diseases associated with eating sushi and sashimi. Accessed November 13, 2018. https://www.verywellhealth.com/diseases-associated-with-eating-sushi-1958814.
   Google Scholar
• Krska, R., A. Becalski, E. Braekevelt, T. Koerner, X. Cao, R. Dabeka, S. Godefroy, B. Lau, J. Moisey, D. F. K. Rawn, et al. 2012. Challenges and trends in the determination of selected chemical contaminants and allergens in food. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 402 (1):139–62. doi: 10.1007/s00216-011-5237-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laczay, P. 2014. Contaminants of biological origin, control of the chemical contamination of foods. In Food hygiene: food chain safety. General food hygiene, 102–17. Budapest: A/3 Printing and Publishing Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Lauby-Secretan, B., D. Loomis, Y. Grosse, F. E. Ghissassi, V. Bouvard, L. Benbrahim-Tallaa, N. Guha, R. Baan, H. Mattock, and K. Straif. 2013. Carcinogenicity of polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated biphenyls. Lancet Oncology 14 (4):287––8. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70104-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lech, T., and W. Turek. 2019. Application of TDA AAS to direct mercury determination in postmortem material in forensic toxicology examinations. Journal of Analytical Toxicology 43 (5):385–91. doi: 10.1093/jat/bky107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ledoux, M. 2011. Analytical methods applied to the determination of pesticide residues in foods of animal origin. A review of the past two decades. Journal of Chromatography A 1218 (8):1021–36. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.12.097.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, S. Y., H. J. Chung, J. H. Shin, R. H. Dougherty, and D. H. Kang. 2006. Survival and growth of foodborne pathogens during cooking and storage of oriental style rice cakes. Journal of Food Protection 69 (12):3037–40. –doi: 10.4315/0362-028X-69.12.3037.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, H.-m., S.-S. Park, M. S. Lim, H.-S. Lee, H.-J. Park, H. S. Hwang, S. Y. Park, D. H. Cho. 2013. Multiresidue Analysis of Pesticides in Agricultural Products by a Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry Based Method. Food Science and Biotechnology 22 (5):1205–16.
   Google Scholar
• Lehel, J., A. Bartha, D. Dankó, K. Lányi, and P. Laczay. 2018. Heavy metals in seafood purchased from a fishery market in Hungary. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B 11 (4):302–8. doi: 10.1080/19393210.2018.1505781.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehel, J., K. Lányi, and P. Laczay. 2017a. Food toxicological importance of marine and freshwater biotoxins. Part I: Live bivalves. Magyar Állatorvosok Lapja 139:225–34.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehel, J., K. Lányi, and P. Laczay. 2017b. Food toxicological importance of marine and freshwater biotoxins. Part II: Fish and fishery products. Magyar Állatorvosok Lapja 139:567–75.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehotay, S. J. 2007. Pesticide Residues in Food by Acetonitrile extraction and Partitioning with Magnesium Sulfate GC–MS and LC–MS/MS, AOAC Official Method 2007.01. Journal of AOAC International 90:485–520.
   Google Scholar
• Leita, L., A. Margon, A. Pastrello, I. Arčon, M. Contin, D. Mosetti, and A. Kodre. 2009. Soil humic acids may favour the persistence of hexavalent chromium in soil. Environmental Pollution 157 (6):1862–6. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.01.020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leroy, J., M. Cornu, A. S. Deleplancque, S. Loridant, E. Dutoit, and B. Sendid. 2017. Sushi, ceviche and gnathostomiasis- A case report and review of imported infections. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease 20:26–7. doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2017.10.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leufroy, A., L. Noël, V. Dufailly, D. Beauchemin, and T. Guérin. 2011. Determination of seven arsenic species in seafood by ion exchange chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry following microwave assisted extraction: Method validation and occurrence data. Talanta 83 (3):770–9. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.10.050.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis, R. J. 2006. Ciguatera: Australian perspectives on a global problem. Toxicon 48 (7):799–809. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2006.07.019.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lischka, A., C. J. Pook, K. S. R. Bolstad, J. L. Pannell, and H. E. Braid. 2019. Metal composition of arrow squid (Nototodarus sloanii [Gray 1849]) from the Chatham Rise, New Zealand: Implications for human consumption. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26 (12):11975–87. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-04510-w.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Q., F. Wei, W. Liu, S. Yang, and X. Zhang. 2008. Paragonimiasis: An important food-borne zoonosis in China. Trends in Parasitology 24 (7):318–23. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2008.03.014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Z., H. Zhang, M. Tao, Y. Shaobin, L. Wang, Y. Liu, D. Ma, and Z. He. 2010. Organochlorine pesticides in consumer fish and mollusks of Liaoning province, China: Distribution and human exposure implications. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 59 (3):444–53. doi: 10.1007/s00244-010-9504-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ljubojevic, D., N. Novakov, V. Djordjevic, V. Radosavljevic, M. Pelic, and M. Cirkovic. 2015. Potential parasitic hazards for humans in fish meat. Procedia Food Science 5:172–5. doi: 10.1016/j.profoo.2015.09.049.
   Google Scholar
• Lozano-Bilbao, E., R. Viñé, G. Lozano, A. Hardisson, C. Rubio, D. González-Weller, E. Matos-Perdomo, and Á. J. Gutiérrez. 2019. Metal content in Mullus surmuletus in the Canary Islands (North-West African Atlantic). Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26 (20):21044–51. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-05365-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Machado, S. C., M. Landin-Silva, P. P. Maia, S. Rath, and I. Martins. 2013. QuEChERS-HPLC-DAD method for sulphonamides in chicken breast. Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 49 (1):155–66. doi: 10.1590/S1984-82502013000100017.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maldonado-Simán, E., C. C. González-Ariceaga, R. Rodríguez-de Lara, and M. Fallas-López. 2018. Potential hazards and biosecurity aspects associated on food safety. Handbook of Food Bioengeneering 2:25–61.
   Google Scholar
• Malek, M. A., M. Nakahara, and R. Nakamura. 2004. Uptake, retention and organ/tissue distribution of 137Cs by Japanese catfish (Silurus asotus Linnaeus). Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 77 (2):191–204. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2004.03.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malik, N., A. Biswas, T. Qureshi, K. Borana, and R. Virha. 2010. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish tissues of freshwater lake of Bhopal. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 160 (1-4):267–76. doi: 10.1007/s10661-008-0693-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maury-Brachet, R., S. Gentes, E. P. Dassié, A. Feurtet-Mazel, R. Vigouroux, V. Laperche, P. Gonzalez, V. Hanquiez, N. Mesmer-Dudons, G. Durrieu, et al. 2020. Mercury contamination levels in the bioindicator piscivorous fish Hoplias aïmara in French Guiana rivers: Mapping for risk assessment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27 (4):3624–36. doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-3983-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGee, H. 2004. Fish and shellfish. In On food and cooking: the science and lore of the kitchen, 179–242. New-York: Scribner.
   Google Scholar
• Microbiology Society. 2018. Food poisoning. [Article]. Accessed November 13, 2018. https://microbiologyonline.org/about-microbiology/microbes-and-food/food-poisoning.
   Google Scholar
• Mizuno, T., and H. Kubo. 2013. Overview of active cesium contamination of freshwater fish in Fukushima and Eastern Japan. Scientific Reports 3 (1):1742. doi: 10.1038/srep01742.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mooney, D., C. Coxon, K. G. Richards, L. Gill, P.-E. Mellander, and M. Danaher. 2019. Development and optimisation of a multiresidue method for the determination of 40 anthelmintic compounds in environmental water samples by solid phase extraction (SPE) with LC-MS. Molecules 24 (10):1978–22. doi: 10.3390/molecules24101978.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nasiri, A., M. Amirahmadi, Z. Mousavi, S. Shoeibi, A. Khajeamiri, and F. Kobarfard. 2016. A Multi Residue GC-MS Method for Determination of 12 Pesticides in Cucumber. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 15 (4):809–816.
   Google Scholar
• Nearing, M. M., I. Koch, and K. J. Reime. 2014. Complementary arsenic speciation methods: A review. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 99:150–62. doi: 10.1016/j.sab.2014.07.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• New South Wales Food Authority. 2007. Food safety guidelines for the preparation and display of sushi. Newington, Australia: NSW Food Authority. Accessed November 13, 2018. http://www.foodauthority.nsw.gov.au/_Documents/retail/sushi_preperation_display_guidelines.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Nielsen, S. P., P. Bengtson, R. Bojanowsky, P. Hagel, J. Herrmann, E. Ilus, E. Jakobson, S. Motiejunas, Y. Panteleev, A. Skujina, et al. 1999. The radiological exposure of man from radioactivity in the Baltic Sea. Science of the Total Environment 237-238:133–41. doi: 10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00130-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NRA (National Restaurant Association). 2017. Manage my restaurant. [website]. Accessed July 2, 2018. https://www.restaurant.org/Manage-My-Restaurant/Food-Nutrition/Food-Safety/A-high-price-to-pay-Costs-of-foodborne-illness
   Google Scholar
• O'Connor, D., D. Hou, Y. S. Ok, J. Mulder, L. Duan, Q. Wu, S. Wang, F. M. G. Tack, and J. Rinklebe. 2019. Mercury speciation, transformation, and transportation in soils, atmospheric flux, and implications for risk management: A critical review. Environment International 126:747–61. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.019.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papich, M. G. 2016. Saunders handbook of veterinary drugs small and large animals, 4th ed. St. Louis. Elsevier
   Google Scholar
• Perryman, E. S., I. Lapong, A. Mustafa, R. Sabang, and A. M. Rimmer. 2017. Potential of metal contamination to affect the food safety of seaweed (Caulerpa spp.) cultured in coastal ponds in Sulawesi. Aquaculture Reports 5:27––33. doi: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2016.12.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pimentel, D. 2009. Environmental and economic costs of the application of pesticides primarily in the United States. Environment Development and Sustainability 7 (2):89–111.
   Google Scholar
• Pimentel, D., and M. Burgess. 2013. Environmental and economic costs of the application of pesticides primarily in the United States. Integrated Pest Management Reviews 3:47–71.
   Google Scholar
• Piskorska-Pliszczynska, J., S. Maszewski, M. Warenik-Bany, S. Mikolajczyk, and L. Goraj. 2012. Survey of persistent organochlorine contaminants (PCDD, PCDF, and PCB) in fish collected from the Polish Baltic fishing areas. The Scientific World Journal 2012:1–7. doi: 10.1100/2012/973292.
   Google Scholar
• Pizarro, I., M. Gómez, C. Cámara, and M. A. Palacios. 2003. Arsenic speciation in environmental and biological samples Extraction and stability studies. Analytica Chimica Acta 495 (1-2):85–98. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2003.08.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polak-Juszczak, L. 2018. Distribution of organic and inorganic mercury in the tissues and organs of fish from the southern Baltic Sea. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25 (34):34181–9. doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-3336-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quesada, S. P., J. A. R. Paschoal, and F. G. R. Reyes. 2013. Considerations on the aquaculture development and on the use of veterinary drugs: Special issue for fluoroquinolones-A review. Journal of Food Science 78 (9):R1321–333. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.12222.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahmanikhah, Z., A. Esmaili-Sari, and N. Bahramifar. 2020. Total mercury and methylmercury concentrations in native and invasive fish species in Shadegan International Wetland, Iran, and health risk assessment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27 (7):6765–73. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-07218-z.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajapaksha, P., A. Elbourne, S. Gangadoo, R. Brown, D. Cozzolino, and J. Chapman. 2019. A review of methods for the detection of pathogenic microorganisms. The Analyst 144 (2):396–411. doi: 10.1039/C8AN01488D.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajeshkumar, S., and X. Li. 2018. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish species from the Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake, China. Toxicology Reports 5:288–95. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.01.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruelas-Inzunza, J., Z. Šlejkovec, D. Mazej, V. Fajon, M. Horvat, and M. Ramos-Osuna. 2018. Bioaccumulation of As, Hg, and Se in tunas Thunnus albacares and Katsuwonus pelamis from the Eastern Pacific: Tissue distribution and As speciation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25 (20):19499–509. –doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-2166-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rysavy, N. M., K. Maaetoft-Udsen, and H. Turner. 2013. Dioxins: Diagnostic and prognostic challenges arising from complex mechanisms. Journal of Applied Toxicology 33 (1):1–8. doi: 10.1002/jat.2759.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scogging, A. 1998. Scombrotoxic (histamine) fish poisoning in the United Kingdom: 1987 to 1996. Communicable Disease and Public Health 1:204–5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sea-Liang, N., A. Sereemaspun, K. Patarakul, J. Gaywee, W. Rodkvamtook, N. Srisawat, S. Wacharaplusadee, and T. Hemachudha. 2019. Development of multiplex PCR for neglected infectious diseases. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 13 (7):e0007440. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007440.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Senila, M., E. Covaci, O. Cadar, M. Ponta, M. Frentiu, and T. Frentiu. 2018. Mercury speciation in fish tissue by eco-scale thermal decomposition atomic absorption spectrometry: Method validation and risk exposure to methylmercury. Chemical Papers 72 (2):441–8. doi: 10.1007/s11696-017-0296-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shankar, S., B. P. Bp, M. Prabhu, B. H. Bh, C. Chandan, S. S, R. Ranjith, D. Shivakumar, and V. V. 2010. Rapid methods for detection of veterinary drug residues in meat. Veterinary World 3 (5):241–6. doi: 10.5455/vetworld.2010.241-246.
   Google Scholar
• Siow, W. T., E. S.-C. Koay, C. K. Lee, H. K. Lee, V. Ong, W. J. Ngerng, H. F. Lim, A. Tan, J. W.-T. Tang, and J. Phua. 2016. The use of Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification for the detection of viruses and bacteria in severe community-acquired pneumonia. Respiration 92 (5):286–94. doi: 10.1159/000448555.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smart, N. A. 2003. Fungicides. In Encyclopedia of food sciences and nutrition, 2nd ed. 2832–42. Baltimore. USA: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Spanopoulos-Zarco, P., J. R. Ruelas-Inzunza, M. M. Meza-Montenegro, H. Bojórquez-Leyva, and F. Páez-Osuna. 2019. Distribution and health risk assessment of Cd and Pb in two marine fishes (Haemulopsis axillaris and Diapterus peruvianus) from the Eastern Pacific. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26 (17):17450–6. –doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-05136-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Štajnbaher, D., L. Zupaňcič-Kralj. 2003. Multiresidue method for determination of 90 pesticides in fresh fruits and vegetables using solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A 1015:185–98.
   Google Scholar
• Stoeppler, M. 2004. Arsenic. In Elements and their compounds in the environment: Occurrence, analysis and biological relevance, 2nd edition, Vol. 3: Nonmetals, Particular Aspects, 1321–64. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH
   Google Scholar
• Stone, C. B., and J. B. Mahony. 2014. Molecular detection of bacterial and viral pathogens–Where do we go from here? Clinical Microbiology 3:1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Tanchou, V. 2014. Review of methods for the rapid identification of pathogens in water samples. European Commission Joint Research Centre. JRC92395. European Union, Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, V. F., B. P. Jackson, and C. Y. Chen. 2008. Mercury speciation and total trace element determination of low-biomass biological samples. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 392 (7-8):1283–90. doi: 10.1007/s00216-008-2403-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teranishi, H., and K. Ouch. 2014. Detection of bacteria, fungi, and viruses by a real-timePCR assay using universal primers and probes from blood in patients with febrile neutropenia. Kawasaki Medical Journal 40 (1):1–11.
   Google Scholar
• Torres, D. P., M. B. Martins-Teixeira, E. F. Silva, and H. M. Queiroz. 2012. Method development for the control determination of mercury in seafood by solid-sampling thermal decomposition amalgamation atomic absorption spectrometry (TDA AAS). Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 29 (4):625–32. –doi: 10.1080/19440049.2011.642310.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uekusa, Y., S. Takatsuki, T. Tsutsumi, H. Akiyama, R. Matsuda, R. Teshima, A. Hachisuka, and T. Watanabe. 2017. Determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in marine fish obtained from tsunami-stricken areas of Japan. PLoS ONE 12 (4):e0174961. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174961.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Urkude, R., S. Kochhar, and V. Dhurvey. 2015. QuEChERS method: A modern technique for analysis of pesticide in food. International Journal of Researches in Social Science and Information Studies I:142–47.
   Google Scholar
• Varol, M., G. K. Kaya, and M. R. Sünbül. 2019. Evaluation of health risks from exposure to arsenic and heavy metals through consumption of ten fish species. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26 (32):33311–20. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-06450-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vega-Sánchez, B., S. Ortega-García, J. Ruelas-Inzunza, M. Frías-Espericueta, O. Escobar-Sánchez, and M. Jara-Marini. 2020. Selenium and mercury in dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) from the Gulf of California: Inter-annual variations and selenium health benefit value. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27 (2):2311–8. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-06795-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Villar-Pulido, M., B. Gilbert-López, J. F. García-Reyes, N. R. Martos, and A. Molina-Díaz. 2011. Multiclass detection and quantitation of antibiotics and veterinary drugs in shrimps by fast liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Talanta 85 (3):1419–27. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.06.036.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vuylsteke, P., C. Bertrand, G. E. G. Verhoef, and P. Vandenberghe. 2004. Case of megaloblastic anaemia caused by intestinal taeniasis. Annals of Hematology 83 (7):487–8. doi: 10.1007/s00277-003-0839-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Z., J. Zuo, J. Gong, J. Hu, W. Jiang, R. Mi, Y. Huang, Z. Chen, V. Phouthapane, K. Qi, et al. 2019. Development of a multiplex PCR assay for the simultaneous and rapid detection of six pathogenic bacteria in poultry. AMB Express 9 (1):185–11. doi: 10.1186/s13568-019-0908-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wen, Y., Y. Wang, and Y. Q. Feng. 2006. Simultaneous residue monitoring of four tetracycline antibiotics in fish muscle by in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography. Talanta 70 (1):153–9. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2005.11.049.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkowska, A., and M. Biziuk. 2011. Determination of pesticide residues in food matrices using the QuEChERS methodology. Food Chemistry 125:803–12.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization (WHO). 2002. Food-borne trematode infections in Asia. Joint WHO/FAO Workshop on Foodborne Trematode Infections in Asia, 1–58.
   Google Scholar
• Yasumoto, T. 2001. The chemistry and biological function of natural marine toxins. The Chemical Record 1 (3):228–42. doi: 10.1002/tcr.1010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yasunari, T. J., A. Stohl, R. S. Hayano, J. F. Burkhart, S. Eckhardt, and T. Yasunari. 2011. Cesium-137 deposition and contamination of Japanese soils due to the Fukushima nuclear accident. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of USA 108 (49):19530–448. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1112058108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yo, H., S. G. Park, G. Y. Park, S. M. Choi, and M. Y. Kim. 2010. Total arsenic, mercury, lead, and cadmium contents in edible dried seaweed in Korea. Food Additives and Contaminants, Part B: Surveillance 3 (1):7–13. doi: 10.1080/19440040903532079.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshii, Y., K. Shimizu, M. Morozumi, N. Chiba, K. Ubukata, H. Uruga, S. Hanada, H. Wakui, S. Minagawa, H. Hara, et al. 2017. Detection of pathogens by real-time PCR in adult patients with acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma. BMC Pulmonary Medicine 17 (1):150. doi: 10.1186/s12890-017-0494-3.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yu, H., H. Mun, and Y.-M. Hu. 2012. Determination of fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines multiresidues simultaneously in porcine tissue by MSPD and HPLC–DAD. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2 (1):76–81. doi: 10.1016/j.jpha.2011.09.007.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yusà, V., T. Suelves, L. Ruiz-Atienza, M. Cervera, V. Benedito, and A. Pastor. 2008. Monitoring programme on cadmium, lead and mercury in fish and seafood from Valencia, Spain: Levels and estimated weekly intake. Food Additives and Contaminants: Part B 1 (1):22–31. doi: 10.1080/19393210802236935.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zalewska, T., and M. Suplińska. 2013. Fish pollution with anthropogenic 137Cs in the southern Baltic Sea. Chemosphere 90 (6):1760–6. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.07.012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zauli, D. A. G. 2019. PCR and infectious diseases, synthetic biology - New interdisciplinary science. In: IntechOpen doi: 10.5772/intechopen.85630.Accessed March 23, 2020. https://www.intechopen.com/books/synthetic-biology-new-interdisciplinary-science/pcr-and-infectious-diseases
   Google Scholar