References
- Adisakwattana, S., P. Charoenlertkul, and S. Yibchok-Anun. 2009. alpha-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of cyanidin-3-galactoside and synergistic effect with acarbose. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry 24 (1):65–9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/14756360801906947.
- Akkarachiyasit, S., P. Charoenlertkul, S. Yibchok-Anun, and S. Adisakwattana. 2010. Inhibitory activities of cyanidin and its glycosides and synergistic effect with acarbose against intestinal α-glucosidase and pancreatic α-amylase. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 11 (9):3387–96. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms11093387.
- Barabási, A. L., G. Menichetti, and J. Loscalzo. 2020. The unmapped chemical complexity of our diet. Nature Food 1 (1):33–7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-019-0005-1.
- Barbosa, A. C. L., M. D. S. Pinto, D. Sarkar, C. Ankolekar, D. Greene, and K. Shetty. 2012. Influence of varietal and Ph variation on antihyperglycemia and antihypertension properties of long-term stored apples using in vitro assay models. Journal of Food Biochemistry 36 (4):479–93. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4514.2011.00554.x.
- Barbosa, A. L. C., M. D. S. Pinto, D. Sarkar, C. Ankolekar, D. Greene, and K. Shetty. 2010. Varietal influences on antihyperglycemia properties of freshly harvested apples using in vitro assay models. Journal of Medicinal Food 13 (6):1313–23. doi: https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2009.0273.
- Barik, S. K., W. R. Russell, K. M. Moar, M. Cruickshank, L. Scobbie, G. Duncan, and N. Hoggard. 2020. The anthocyanins in black currants regulate postprandial hyperglycaemia primarily by inhibiting α-glucosidase while other phenolics modulate salivary α-amylase, glucose uptake and sugar transporters. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 78:108325. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108325.
- Bellesia, A., E. Verzelloni, and D. Tagliazucchi. 2015. Pomegranate ellagitannins inhibit α-glucosidase activity in vitro and reduce starch digestibility under simulated gastro-intestinal conditions . International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 66 (1):85–92. doi: https://doi.org/10.3109/09637486.2014.953455.
- Boath, A. S., D. Stewart, and G. J. McDougall. 2012. Berry components inhibit α-glucosidase in vitro: Synergies between acarbose and polyphenols from black currant and rowanberry. Food Chemistry 135 (3):929–36. h doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.06.065.
- Cheplick, S., Y. I. Kwon, P. Bhowmik, and K. Shetty. 2010. Phenolic-linked variation in strawberry cultivars for potential dietary management of hyperglycemia and related complications of hypertension. Bioresource Technology 101 (1):404–13. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.07.068.
- Coe, S., and L. Ryan. 2016. Impact of polyphenol-rich sources on acute postprandial glycaemia: A systematic review. Journal of Nutritional Science 5:1–11. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/jns.2016.11.
- Cory, H., S. Passarelli, J. Szeto, M. Tamez, and J. Mattei. 2018. The role of polyphenols in human health and food systems: A mini-review. Frontiers in Nutrition 5:87–9. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2018.00087.
- Crowe, K. M., and C. Francis. 2013. Position of the academy of nutrition and dietetics: Functional foods. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 113 (8):1096–103. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2013.06.002.
- Das, S., S. Das, and B. De. 2012. In vitro inhibition of key enzymes related to diabetes by the aqueous extracts of some fruits of West Bengal, India. Current Nutrition & Food Science 8 (1):19–24.
- De La Garza, A. L., U. Etxeberria, M. P. Lostao, B. S. Roman, J. Barrenetxe, J. A. Martinez, and F. I. Milagro. 2013. Helichrysum and grapefruit extracts inhibit carbohydrate digestion and absorption, improving postprandial glucose levels and hyperinsulinemia in rats. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 61 (49):12012–9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/jf4021569.
- DiNicolantonio, J. J., J. Bhutani, and J. H. O'Keefe. 2015. Acarbose: Safe and effective for lowering postprandial hyperglycaemia and improving cardiovascular outcomes. Open Heart 2 (1):e000327. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2015-000327.
- Etxeberria, U., A. L. de la Garza, J. Campión, J. A. Martínez, and F. I. Milagro. 2012. Antidiabetic effects of natural plant extracts via inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolysis enzymes with emphasis on pancreatic alpha amylase. Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets 16 (3):269–97. doi: https://doi.org/10.1517/14728222.2012.664134.
- Flores, F. P., R. K. Singh, W. L. Kerr, R. B. Pegg, and F. Kong. 2013. Antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of blueberry anthocyanins prepared using different solvents. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 61 (18):4441–7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/jf400429f.
- Freitas, D., and S. Le Feunteun. 2019. Inhibitory effect of black tea, lemon juice, and other beverages on salivary and pancreatic amylases: What impact on bread starch digestion? A dynamic in vitro study. Food Chemistry 297:124885. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.05.159.
- Grussu, D., D. Stewart, and G. J. McDougall. 2011. Berry polyphenols inhibit α-amylase in vitro: Identifying active components in rowanberry and raspberry. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 59 (6):2324–31. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/jf1045359.
- Higgins, J. P. T., D. G. Altman, P. C. Gøtzsche, P. Jüni, D. Moher, A. D. Oxman, J. Savović, K. F. Schulz, L. Weeks, and J. A. C. Sterne. 2011. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ (Clinical Research ed.) 343:d5928. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d5928.
- Ho, G. T. T., T. K. Y. Nguyen, E. T. Kase, M. Tadesse, H. Barsett, and H. Wangensteen. 2017. Enhanced glucose uptake in human liver cells and inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes by Nordic berry extracts. Molecules 22 (10):1806–21. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22101806.
- Jayawardena, N., M. I. Watawana, and V. Y. Waisundara. 2015. The total antioxidant capacity, total phenolics content and starch hydrolase inhibitory activity of fruit juices following pepsin (gastric) and pancreatin (duodenal) digestion. Journal Für Verbraucherschutz Und Lebensmittelsicherheit 10 (4):349–57. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00003-015-0951-y.
- Karcheva-Bahchevanska, D., P. Lukova, M. Nikolova, R. Mladenov, and I. Iliev. 2019. Inhibition effect of Bulgarian lingonberry (vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) extracts on α-amylase activity. Comptes Rendus de L’Academie Bulgare Des Sciences [Reports of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences] 72 (2):212–8.
- Kerimi, A., H. Nyambe-Silavwe, J. S. Gauer, F. A. Tomás-Barberán, and G. Williamson. 2017. Pomegranate juice, but not an extract, confers a lower glycemic response on a high-glycemic index food: Randomized, crossover, controlled trials in healthy subjects. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 106 (6):1384–93. doi: https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.117.161968.
- Li, D., L. Sun, Y. Yang, Z. Wang, X. Yang, T. Zhao, T. Gong, L. Zou, and Y. Guo. 2019. Young apple polyphenols postpone starch digestion in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Functional Foods 56:127–35. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2019.03.009.
- Livesey, G., R. Taylor, H. F. Livesey, A. E. Buyken, D. J. A. Jenkins, L. S. A. Augustin, J. L. Sievenpiper, A. W. Barclay, S. Liu, T. M. S. Wolever, et al. 2019. Dietary glycemic index and load and the risk of type 2 diabetes: Assessment of causal relations. Nutrients 11 (6):1436–70. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11061436.
- Livesey, G., R. Taylor, H. F. Livesey, and S. Liu. 2013. Is there a dose-response relation of dietary glycemic load to risk of type 2 diabetes? Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 97 (3):584–96. doi: https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.112.041467.
- Livesey, G., R. Taylor, T. Hulshof, and J. Howlett. 2008. Glycemic response and health - A systematic review and meta-analysis: The database, study characteristics, and macronutrient intakes. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 87 (5):233–6.
- Manaharan, T., D. Appleton, H. M. Cheng, and U. D. Palanisamy. 2012. Flavonoids isolated from syzygium aqueum leaf extract as potential antihyperglycaemic agents. Food Chemistry 132 (4):1802–7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.11.147.
- McDougall, G. J., and D. Stewart. 2005. The inhibitory effects of berry polyphenols on digestive enzymes. BioFactors (Oxford, England) 23 (4):189–95. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/biof.5520230403.
- McDougall, G. J., F. Shpiro, P. Dobson, P. Smith, A. Blake, and D. Stewart. 2005. Different polyphenolic components of soft fruits inhibit alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase . Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53 (7):2760–6. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0489926.
- McDougall, G. J., I. Martinussen, and D. Stewart. 2008. Towards fruitful metabolomics: High throughput analyses of polyphenol composition in berries using direct infusion mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography. B, Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences 871 (2):362–9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.06.032.
- McDougall, G. J., J. W. Allwood, G. Pereira-Caro, E. M. Brown, C. Latimer, G. Dobson, D. Stewart, N. G. Ternan, R. Lawther, G. O'Connor, et al. 2017. The composition of potentially bioactive triterpenoid glycosides in red raspberry is influenced by tissue, extraction procedure and genotype. Food & Function 8 (10):3469–79. doi: https://doi.org/10.1039/c7fo00846e.
- Mellitzer, A., A. Glieder, R. Weis, C. Reisinger, and K. Flicker. 2012. Sensitive high-throughput screening for the detection of reducing sugars. Biotechnology Journal 7 (1):155–‐62. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/biot.201100001.
- Minekus, M., M. Alminger, P. Alvito, S. Ballance, T. Bohn, C. Bourlieu, F. Carrière, R. Boutrou, M. Corredig, D. Dupont, et al. 2014. A standardised static in vitro digestion method suitable for food - An international consensus . Food & Function 5 (6):1113–24. doi: https://doi.org/10.1039/c3fo60702j.
- Misbah, H., A. A. Aziz, and N. Aminudin. 2013. Antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of ficus deltoidea fruit extracts and fractions. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 13:118doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-13-118.
- Mojzer, E., M. K. Hrnčič, M. Škerget, Ž. Knez, and U. Bren. 2016. Polyphenols: Extraction methods, antioxidative action, bioavailability and anticarcinogenic effects. Molecules 21 (7):901. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21070901.
- Nijpels, G., Boorsma, W. J. M. Dekker, P. J. Kostense, L. M. Bouter, L. M., and R. J. Heine. 2008. A study of the effects of acarbose on glucose metabolism in patients predisposed to developing diabetes: The Dutch acarbose intervention study in persons with impaired glucose tolerance (DAISI). Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews 24 (8):611–6. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.839.
- Nyambe-Silavwe, H., and G. Williamson. 2016. Polyphenol- and fibre-rich dried fruits with green tea attenuate starch-derived postprandial blood glucose and insulin: A randomised, controlled, single-blind, cross-over intervention. British Journal of Nutrition 116 (3):443–50. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114516002221.
- Ostberg-Potthoff, J. J., K. Berger, E. Richling, and P. Winterhalter. 2019. Activity-guided fractionation of red fruit extracts for the identification of compounds influencing glucose metabolism. Nutrients 11 (5):1166. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11051166.
- Padilla-Camberos, E., E. Lazcano-Díaz, J. M. Flores-Fernandez, M. S. Owolabi, K. Allen, and S. Villanueva-Rodríguez. 2014. Evaluation of the inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes, the antioxidant activity, and the polyphenolic content of citrus limetta peel extract. The Scientific World Journal 2014:121760. doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/121760.
- Pinto, M. D. S., J. E. Carvalho, F. M. Lajolo, M. I. Genovese, and K. Shetty. 2010c. Evaluation of antiproliferative, anti-type 2 diabetes, and antihypertension potentials of ellagitannins from strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) using in vitro models. Journal of Medicinal Food 13 (5):1027–35. doi: https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2009.0257.
- Pinto, M. D. S., R. Ghaedian, R. Shinde, and K. Shetty. 2010b. Potential of cranberry powder for management of hyperglycemia using in vitro models. Journal of Medicinal Food 13 (5):1036–44. doi: https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2009.0225.
- Pinto, M. D. S., Y. I. Kwon, E. Apostolidis, F. M. Lajolo, M. I. Genovese, and K. Shetty. 2010a. Evaluation of red currants (Ribes rubrum l.), black currants (Ribes nigrum l.), red and green gooseberries (Ribes uva-crispa) for potential management of type 2 diabetes and hypertension using in vitro models. Journal of Food Biochemistry 34 (3):639–60. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4514.2009.00305.x.
- Podsędek, A., I. Majewska, M. Redzynia, D. Sosnowska, and M. Koziołkiewicz. 2014. In vitro inhibitory effect on digestive enzymes and antioxidant potential of commonly consumed fruits. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 62 (20):4610–7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/jf5008264.
- Quesada, C., B. Bartolome, O. Nieto, C. Gomez-Cordoves, L. Hernandez, and I. Estrella. 1996. Phenolic inhibitors of α-amylase and trypsin enzymes by extracts from pears, lentils, and cocoa. Journal of Food Protection 59 (2):185–92. doi: https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X-59.2.185.
- Sánchez-Rangel, J. C., J. Benavides, J. B. Heredia, L. Cisneros-Zevallos, and D. A. Jacobo-Velázquez. 2013. The Folin-Ciocalteu assay revisited: Improvement of its specificity for total phenolic content determination. Analytical Methods 5 (21):5990–9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ay41125g.
- Schloesser, A., T. Esatbeyoglu, G. Schultheiß, H. Vollert, K. Lüersen, A. Fischer, and G. Rimbach. 2017. Antidiabetic properties of an apple/kale extract in vitro, in situ, and in mice fed a western-type diet. Journal of Medicinal Food 20 (9):846–54. doi: https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2017.0019.
- Schulze, C., A. Bangert, G. Kottra, K. E. Geillinger, B. Schwanck, H. Vollert, W. Blaschek, and H. Daniel. 2014. Inhibition of the intestinal sodium-coupled glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1) by extracts and polyphenols from apple reduces postprandial blood glucose levels in mice and humans. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 58 (9):1795–808. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201400016.
- Sójka, M., M. Janowski, and K. Grzelak-Błaszczyk. 2019. Stability and transformations of raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) ellagitannins in aqueous solutions. European Food Research and Technology 245 (5):1113–22. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-018-3212-3.
- Sun, L., F. J. Warren, and M. J. Gidley. 2018. Soluble polysaccharides reduce binding and inhibitory activity of tea polyphenols against porcine pancreatic α-amylase. Food Hydrocolloids 79:63–70. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.12.011.
- Sun, L., F. J. Warren, and M. J. Gidley. 2019. Natural products for glycaemic control: Polyphenols as inhibitors of alpha-amylase. Trends in Food Science & Technology 91:262–73. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2019.07.009.
- Sun, L., W. Chen, Y. Meng, X. Yang, L. Yuan, and Y. Guo. 2016. Interactions between polyphenols in thinned young apples and porcine pancreatic α-amylase: Inhibition, detailed kinetics and fluorescence quenching. Food Chemistry 208:51–60. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.03.093.
- Tadera, K., Y. Minami, K. Takamatsu, and T. Matsuoka. 2006. Inhibition of alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase by flavonoids. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology 52 (2):149–53. doi: https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.52.149.
- Tan, Y., and S. K. C. Chang. 2017. Digestive enzyme inhibition activity of the phenolic substances in selected fruits, vegetables and tea as compared to black legumes. Journal of Functional Foods 38:644–55. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2017.04.005.
- Tsao, R. 2010. Chemistry and biochemistry of dietary polyphenols. Nutrients 2 (12):1231–46. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu2121231.
- Wang, S. Y., M. J. Camp, and M. K. Ehlenfeldt. 2012. Antioxidant capacity and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in peel and flesh of blueberry (Vaccinium Spp.) cultivars. Food Chemistry 132 (4):1759–68. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.11.134.
- Whitson, J., G. J. McDougall, H. A. Ross, V. A. Lund, C. A. Hamilton, A. F. Dominiczak, and D. Stewart. 2010. Functional plant science and biotechnology bioactive berry components: Potential modulators of health benefits. Functional Plant Science and Biotechnology 4:34–9.
- Wojdyło, A., P. Nowicka, Á. A. Carbonell-Barrachina, and F. Hernández. 2016. Phenolic compounds, antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of different cultivars of Ficus carica L. fruits. Journal of Functional Foods 25:421–32. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2016.06.015.
- Xiao, J. 2017. Dietary flavonoid aglycones and their glycosides: Which show better biological significance? Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 57 (9):1874–905. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2015.1032400.
- Xiao, J., X. Ni, G. Kai, and X. Chen. 2013. A review on structure-activity relationship of dietary polyphenols inhibiting α-amylase. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 53 (5):497–506. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2010.548108.
- Yilmazer-Musa, M., A. M. Griffith, A. J. Michels, E. Schneider, M. Yilmazer-Musa, A. M. Griffith, A. J. Michels, E. Schneider, and B. Frei. 2012. Grape seed and tea extracts and catechin 3-gallates are potent inhibitors of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity . Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 60 (36):8924–9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/jf301147n.
- Zhang, B. W., Y. Xing, C. Wen, X. X. Yu, W. L. Sun, Z. L. Xiu, and Y. S. Dong. 2017. Pentacyclic triterpenes as α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitors: Structure-activity relationships and the synergism with acarbose. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 27 (22):5065–70. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.09.027.
- Zhang, L., J. Li, S. Hogan, H. Chung, G. E. Welbaum, and K. Zhou. 2010. Inhibitory effect of raspberries on starch digestive enzyme and their antioxidant properties and phenolic composition. Food Chemistry 119 (2):592–9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.06.063.
- Zielińska-Wasielica, J., A. Olejnik, K. Kowalska, M. Olkowicz, and R. Dembczyński. 2019. Elderberry (Sambucus Nigra L.) fruit extract alleviates oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and inflammation in hypertrophied 3T3-L1 adipocytes and activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Foods 8 (8):326. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/foods8080326.