1,148
Views
11
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Reviews

The regulatory role of dietary factors in skeletal muscle development, regeneration and function

, , , , & ORCID Icon

References

  • Abedi-Taleb, E., Z. Vahabi, E. Sekhavati-Moghadam, L. Khedmat, S. Jazayeri, and A. A. Saboor-Yaraghi. 2019. Upregulation of FNDC5 gene expression in C2C12 cells after single and combined treatments of resveratrol and ATRA. Lipids in Health and Disease 18 (1):181. doi: 10.1186/s12944-019-1128-y.
  • Aggarwal, B. B., A. Bhardwaj, R. S. Aggarwal, N. P. Seeram, S. Shishodia, and Y. Takada. 2004. Role of resveratrol in prevention and therapy of cancer: Preclinical and clinical studies. Anticancer Research 24 (5A):2783–840.
  • Al-Rubaei, Z. M., T. U. Mohammad, and L. K. Ali. 2014. Effects of local curcumin on oxidative stress and total antioxidant capacity in vivo study. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 17 (12):1237–41. doi: 10.3923/pjbs.2014.1237.1241.
  • Anhe, G. F., M. M. Okamoto, A. Kinote, C. Sollon, C. Lellis-Santos, F. F. Anhe, G. A. Lima, S. M. Hirabara, L. A. Velloso, S. Bordin, et al. 2012. Quercetin decreases inflammatory response and increases insulin action in skeletal muscle of ob/ob mice and in L6 myotubes. European Journal of Pharmacology 689 (1-3):285–93. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.06.007.
  • Arias, N., C. Pico, M. Teresa Macarulla, P. Oliver, J. Miranda, A. Palou, and M. P. Portillo. 2017. A combination of resveratrol and quercetin induces browning in white adipose tissue of rats fed an obesogenic diet. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) 25 (1):111–21. doi: 10.1002/oby.21706.
  • Bao, L., X. Cai, J. Wang, Y. Zhang, B. Sun, and Y. Li. 2016. Anti-fatigue effects of small molecule oligopeptides isolated from Panax ginseng C. A. meyer in mice. Nutrients 8 (12)807. doi: 10.3390/nu8120:.
  • Bazzucchi, I., F. Patrizio, R. Ceci, G. Duranti, P. Sgro, S. Sabatini, L. Di Luigi, M. Sacchetti, and F. Felici. 2019. The effects of quercetin supplementation on eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage. Nutrients 11 (1):205. doi: 10.3390/nu11010205.
  • Bennett, B. T., J. S. Mohamed, and S. E. Alway. 2013. Effects of resveratrol on the recovery of muscle mass following disuse in the plantaris muscle of aged rats. PloS One 8 (12):e83518. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083518.
  • Bentzinger, C. F., Y. X. Wang, and M. A. Rudnicki. 2012. Building muscle: Molecular regulation of myogenesis. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology 4 (2):a008342–a008342. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a008342.
  • Berovic, M., J. Habijanic, I. Zore, B. Wraber, D. Hodzar, B. Boh, and F. Pohleven. 2003. Submerged cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum biomass and immunostimulatory effects of fungal polysaccharides. Journal of Biotechnology 103 (1):77–86. doi: 10.1016/S0168-1656(03)00069-5.
  • Bhullar, A. S., C. T. Putman, and V. C. Mazurak. 2016. Potential role of omega-3 fatty acids on the myogenic program of satellite cells. Nutrition and Metabolic Insights 9:1–10. doi: 10.4137/NMI.S27481.
  • Bi, P., A. Ramirez-Martinez, H. Li, J. Cannavino, J. R. McAnally, J. M. Shelton, E. Sanchez-Ortiz, R. Bassel-Duby, and E. N. Olson. 2017. Control of muscle formation by the fusogenic micropeptide myomixer. Science (New York, N.Y.) 356 (6335):323–7. doi: 10.1126/science.aam9361.
  • Bishop, K. S., C. H. Kao, Y. Xu, M. P. Glucina, R. R. Paterson, and L. R. Ferguson. 2015. From 2000years of Ganoderma lucidum to recent developments in nutraceuticals. Phytochemistry 114:56–65. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.02.015.
  • Boh, B.,. M. Berovic, J. Zhang, and L. Zhi-Bin. 2007. Ganoderma lucidum and its pharmaceutically active compounds. Biotechnology Annual Review 13:265–301. doi: 10.1016/S1387-2656(07)13010-6.
  • Boots, A. W., M. Drent, V. C. de Boer, A. Bast, and G. R. Haenen. 2011. Quercetin reduces markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in sarcoidosis. Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) 30 (4):506–12. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2011.01.010.
  • Bostrom, P., J. Wu, M. P. Jedrychowski, A. Korde, L. Ye, J. C. Lo, K. A. Rasbach, E. A. Bostrom, J. H. Choi, J. Z. Long, et al. 2012. A PGC1-α-dependent myokine that drives brown-fat-like development of white fat and thermogenesis . Nature 481 (7382):463–8. doi: 10.1038/nature10777.
  • Bosutti, A., and H. Degens. 2015. The impact of resveratrol and hydrogen peroxide on muscle cell plasticity shows a dose-dependent interaction. Scientific Reports 5 (1):8093. doi: 10.1038/srep08093.
  • Broholm, C., O. H. Mortensen, S. Nielsen, T. Akerstrom, A. Zankari, B. Dahl, and B. K. Pedersen. 2008. Exercise induces expression of leukaemia inhibitory factor in human skeletal muscle. The Journal of Physiology 586 (8):2195–201. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2007.149781.
  • Brown, T. J., J. Brainard, F. Song, X. Wang, A. Abdelhamid, L. Hooper, and P. Group. 2019. Omega-3, omega-6, and total dietary polyunsaturated fat for prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 366: l4697. doi: 10.1136/bmj.l4697.
  • Buckingham, M., and P. W. Rigby. 2014. Gene regulatory networks and transcriptional mechanisms that control myogenesis. Developmental Cell 28 (3):225–38. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2013.12.020.
  • Cabral de Oliveira, A. C., A. C. Perez, G. Merino, J. G. Prieto, and A. I. Alvarez. 2001. Protective effects of Panax ginseng on muscle injury and inflammation after eccentric exercise. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology 130 (3):369–77. doi: 10.1016/S1532-0456(01)00262-9.
  • Cabral de Oliveira, A. C., A. C. Perez, J. G. Prieto, I. D. Duarte, and A. I. Alvarez. 2005. Protection of Panax ginseng in injured muscles after eccentric exercise. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 97 (2):211–4. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.10.029.
  • Cabrera, C.,. R. Artacho, and R. Gimenez. 2006. Beneficial effects of green tea-a review. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 25 (2):79–99. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2006.10719518.
  • Calder, P. C. 2003. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammation: From molecular biology to the clinic. Lipids 38 (4):343–52. doi: 10.1007/s11745-003-1068-y.
  • Calder, P. C. 2015. Marine omega-3 fatty acids and inflammatory processes: Effects, mechanisms and clinical relevance. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1851 (4):469–84. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.08.010.
  • Cardoso, E. S., T. A. Santana, P. B. Diniz, M. M. Montalvao, C. C. Bani, and S. M. Thomazzi. 2016. Thymol accelerates the recovery of the skeletal muscle of mice injured with cardiotoxin. The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 68 (3):352–60. doi: 10.1111/jphp.12520.
  • Carvalho, S. C., L. M. Apolinario, S. M. Matheus, H. Santo Neto, and M. J. Marques. 2013. EPA protects against muscle damage in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy by promoting a shift from the M1 to M2 macrophage phenotype. Journal of Neuroimmunology 264 (1-2):41–7. doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.09.007.
  • Casuso, R. A., E. J. Martinez-Lopez, N. B. Nordsborg, F. Hita-Contreras, R. Martinez-Romero, A. Canuelo, and A. Martinez-Amat. 2014. Oral quercetin supplementation hampers skeletal muscle adaptations in response to exercise training. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 24 (6):920–7. doi: 10.1111/sms.12136.
  • Caterina, M. J., M. A. Schumacher, M. Tominaga, T. A. Rosen, J. D. Levine, and D. Julius. 1997. The capsaicin receptor: A heat-activated ion channel in the pain pathway. Nature 389 (6653):816–24. doi: 10.1038/39807.
  • Chan, S. T., C. H. Chuang, Y. C. Lin, J. W. Liao, C. K. Lii, and S. L. Yeh. 2018. Quercetin enhances the antitumor effect of trichostatin A and suppresses muscle wasting in tumor-bearing mice. Food & Function 9 (2):871–9. doi: 10.1039/C7FO01444A.
  • Chang, Y. C., H. W. Liu, Y. T. Chen, Y. A. Chen, Y. J. Chen, and S. J. Chang. 2018. Resveratrol protects muscle cells against palmitate-induced cellular senescence and insulin resistance through ameliorating autophagic flux. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis 26 (3):1066–74. doi: 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.01.006.
  • Chen, B., W. You, Y. Wang, and T. Shan. 2020. The regulatory role of Myomaker and Myomixer-Myomerger-Minion in muscle development and regeneration. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS 77 (8):1551–69. doi: 10.1007/s00018-019-03341-9.
  • Chen, K. S., P. N. Chen, Y. S. Hsieh, C. Y. Lin, Y. H. Lee, and S. C. Chu. 2015. Capsaicin protects endothelial cells and macrophage against oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced injury by direct antioxidant action. Chemico-Biological Interactions 228:35–45. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.01.007.
  • Chen, X., L. Wang, S. Fan, S. Song, H. Min, Y. Wu, X. He, Q. Liang, Y. Wang, L. Yi, et al. 2018. Puerarin acts on the skeletal muscle to improve insulin sensitivity in diabetic rats involving μ-opioid receptor. European Journal of Pharmacology 818:115–23. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.10.033.
  • Chen, X. F., L. Wang, Y. Z. Wu, S. Y. Song, H. Y. Min, Y. Yang, X. He, Q. Liang, L. Yi, Y. Wang, et al. 2018. Effect of puerarin in promoting fatty acid oxidation by increasing mitochondrial oxidative capacity and biogenesis in skeletal muscle in diabetic rats. Nutrition & Diabetes 8 (1):1doi: 10.1038/s41387-017-0009-6.
  • Cheng, Z., T. Pang, M. Gu, A. H. Gao, C. M. Xie, J. Y. Li, F. J. Nan, and J. Li. 2006. Berberine-stimulated glucose uptake in L6 myotubes involves both AMPK and p38 MAPK. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1760 (11):1682–9. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2006.09.007.
  • Choi, J. H., S. W. Kim, R. Yu, and J. W. Yun. 2017. Monoterpene phenolic compound thymol promotes browning of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. European Journal of Nutrition 56 (7):2329–41. doi: 10.1007/s00394-016-1273-2.
  • Clark, R., and S. H. Lee. 2016. Anticancer Properties of Capsaicin Against Human Cancer. Anticancer Research 36 (3):837–43.
  • Comai, G., and S. Tajbakhsh. 2014. Molecular and cellular regulation of skeletal myogenesis. Current Topics in Developmental Biology 110:1–73. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-405943-6.00001-4.
  • da Silva, W., A. S. Machado, M. A. Souza, P. B. Mello-Carpes, and F. P. Carpes. 2018. Effect of green tea extract supplementation on exercise-induced delayed onset muscle soreness and muscular damage. Physiology & Behavior 194:77–82. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.05.006.
  • de Freitas, M. C., J. M. Cholewa, V. L. G. Panissa, G. G. Toloi, H. C. Netto, C. Zanini de Freitas, R. V. Freire, F. S. Lira, and F. E. Rossi. 2019. Acute capsaicin supplementation improved resistance exercise performance performed after a high-intensity intermittent running in resistance-trained men. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003431.
  • Delecroix, B., A. E. Abaidia, C. Leduc, B. Dawson, and G. Dupont. 2017. Curcumin and piperine supplementation and recovery following exercise induced muscle damage: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine 16 (1):147–53.
  • Derry, S., A. S. Rice, P. Cole, T. Tan, and R. A. Moore. 2017. Topical capsaicin (high concentration) for chronic neuropathic pain in adults. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 1:CD007393doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007393.pub4.
  • Devassy, J. G., I. D. Nwachukwu, and P. J. Jones. 2015. Curcumin and cancer: Barriers to obtaining a health claim. Nutrition Reviews 73 (3):155–65. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuu064.
  • Dort, J., A. Sirois, N. Leblanc, C. H. Cote, and H. Jacques. 2012. Beneficial effects of cod protein on skeletal muscle repair following injury. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism = Physiologie Appliquee, Nutrition et Metabolisme 37 (3):489–98. doi: 10.1139/h2012-021.
  • Dugdale, H. F., D. C. Hughes, R. Allan, C. S. Deane, C. R. Coxon, J. P. Morton, C. E. Stewart, and A. P. Sharples. 2018. The role of resveratrol on skeletal muscle cell differentiation and myotube hypertrophy during glucose restriction. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 444 (1-2):109–23. doi: 10.1007/s11010-017-3236-1.
  • Ekinci Akdemir, F. N., I. Gulcin, B. Karagoz, and R. Soslu. 2016. Quercetin protects rat skeletal muscle from ischemia reperfusion injury. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry 31 (sup2):162–6. doi: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1193735.
  • Estaki, M., and E. G. Noble. 2015. North American ginseng protects against muscle damage and reduces neutrophil infiltration after an acute bout of downhill running in rats. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 40 (2):116–21. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0331.
  • Evans, N. P., J. A. Call, J. Bassaganya-Riera, J. L. Robertson, and R. W. Grange. 2010. Green tea extract decreases muscle pathology and NF-kappaB immunostaining in regenerating muscle fibers of mdx mice. Clinical Nutrition 29 (3):391–8. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2009.10.001.
  • O' Donovan, F., S. Carney, J. Kennedy, H. Hayes, N. Pender, F. Boland, and A. Stanton. 2019. Associations and effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on cognitive function and mood in healthy adults: A protocol for a systematic review of observational and interventional studies. BMJ Open 9 (6):e027167. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027167.
  • Fachini-Queiroz, F. C., R. Kummer, C. F. Estevao-Silva, M. D. Carvalho, J. M. Cunha, R. Grespan, C. A. Bersani-Amado, and R. K. Cuman. 2012. Effects of thymol and carvacrol, constituents of Thymus vulgaris L. essential oil, on the inflammatory response. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine: eCAM 2012:657026. doi: 10.1155/2012/657026.
  • Farup, J., S. K. Rahbek, I. S. Knudsen, F. de Paoli, A. L. Mackey, and K. Vissing. 2014. Whey protein supplementation accelerates satellite cell proliferation during recovery from eccentric exercise. Amino Acids 46 (11):2503–16. doi: 10.1007/s00726-014-1810-3.
  • Feng, Y., Z. He, C. Mao, X. Shui, and L. Cai. 2019. Therapeutic effects of resveratrol liposome on muscle injury in rats. Medical Science Monitor: International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research 25:2377–85. doi: 10.12659/MSM.913409.
  • Flachs, P., M. Rossmeisl, and J. Kopecky. 2014. The effect of n-3 fatty acids on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Physiological Research 63 (Suppl 1):S93–S118. doi: 10.33549/physiolres.932715.
  • Fontenelle, R. O. S., S. M. Morais, E. H. S. Brito, M. R. Kerntopf, R. S. N. Brilhante, R. A. Cordeiro, A. R. Tomé, M. G. R. Queiroz, N. R. F. Nascimento, J. J. C. Sidrim, et al. 2007. Chemical composition, toxicological aspects and antifungal activity of essential oil from Lippia sidoides Cham. The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 59 (5):934–40. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkm066.
  • Francaux, M., and L. Deldicque. 2018. Using polyphenol derivatives to prevent muscle wasting. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care 21 (3):159–63. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000455.
  • Funakoshi, T., N. Kanzaki, Y. Otsuka, T. Izumo, H. Shibata, and S. Machida. 2018. Quercetin inhibits adipogenesis of muscle progenitor cells in vitro. Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports 13:39–44. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2017.12.003.
  • Gannon, N. P., E. L. Lambalot, and R. A. Vaughan. 2016. The effects of capsaicin and capsaicinoid analogs on metabolic molecular targets in highly energetic tissues and cell types. BioFactors (Oxford, England) 42 (3):229–46. doi: 10.1002/biof.1273.
  • Geng, Z., L. Wei, C. Zhang, and X. Yan. 2017. Astragalus polysaccharide, a component of traditional Chinese medicine, inhibits muscle cell atrophy (cachexia) in an in vivo and in vitro rat model of chronic renal failure by activating the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 14 (1):91–6. doi: 10.3892/etm.2017.4492.
  • Giudice, J., and J. M. Taylor. 2017. Muscle as a paracrine and endocrine organ. Current Opinion in Pharmacology 34:49–55. doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2017.05.005.
  • Gong, L., S. Guo, and Z. Zou. 2020. Resveratrol ameliorates metabolic disorders and insulin resistance in high-fat diet-fed mice. Life Sciences 242:117212. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117212.
  • Gordon, B. S., D. C. Delgado-Diaz, J. Carson, R. Fayad, L. B. Wilson, and M. C. Kostek. 2014. Resveratrol improves muscle function but not oxidative capacity in young mdx mice. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol 92 (3):243–51. doi: 10.1139/cjpp-2013-0350.
  • Bowman, L., M. Mafham, K. Wallendszus, W. Stevens, G. Buck, J. Barton, K. Murphy, T. Aung, R. Haynes, J. Cox, et al. 2018. Effects of n-3 fatty acid supplements in diabetes mellitus. The New England Journal of Medicine 379 (16):1540–50. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1804989.
  • Guo, X., W. Sun, G. Luo, L. Wu, G. Xu, D. Hou, Y. Hou, X. Guo, X. Mu, L. Qin, et al. 2019. Panax notoginseng saponins alleviate skeletal muscle insulin resistance by regulating the IRS1-PI3K-AKT signaling pathway and GLUT4 expression. FEBS Open Bio 9 (5):1008–19. doi: 10.1002/2211-5463.12635.
  • Guran, M., G. Sanliturk, N. R. Kerkuklu, E. M. Altundag, and A. Suha Yalcin. 2019. Combined effects of quercetin and curcumin on anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial parameters in vitro. European Journal of Pharmacology 859:172486. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172486.
  • Hadi, A., M. Pourmasoumi, M. Kafeshani, J. Karimian, M. R. Maracy, and M. H. Entezari. 2017. The effect of green tea and sour tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) supplementation on oxidative stress and muscle damage in athletes. Journal of Dietary Supplements 14 (3):346–57. doi: 10.1080/19390211.2016.1237400.
  • Haeseler, G., D. Maue, J. Grosskreutz, J. Bufler, B. Nentwig, S. Piepenbrock, R. Dengler, and M. Leuwer. 2002. Voltage-dependent block of neuronal and skeletal muscle sodium channels by thymol and menthol. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 19 (8):571–9. doi: 10.1017/s0265021502000923.
  • Han, G., J. Xia, J. Gao, Y. Inagaki, W. Tang, and N. Kokudo. 2015. Anti-tumor effects and cellular mechanisms of resveratrol. Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics 9 (1):1–12. doi: 10.5582/ddt.2015.01007.
  • Haramizu, S., S. Asano, D. C. Butler, D. A. Stanton, A. Hajira, J. S. Mohamed, and S. E. Alway. 2017. Dietary resveratrol confers apoptotic resistance to oxidative stress in myoblasts. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 50:103–15. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.08.008.
  • Haramizu, S., N. Ota, T. Hase, and T. Murase. 2013. Catechins suppress muscle inflammation and hasten performance recovery after exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 45 (9):1694–702. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31828de99f.
  • Harwood, M., B. Danielewska-Nikiel, J. F. Borzelleca, G. W. Flamm, G. M. Williams, and T. C. Lines. 2007. A critical review of the data related to the safety of quercetin and lack of evidence of in vivo toxicity, including lack of genotoxic/carcinogenic properties. Food and Chemical Toxicology: An International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 45 (11):2179–205. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.05.015.
  • Hazzit, M., A. Baaliouamer, M. L. Faleiro, and M. G. Miguel. 2006. Composition of the essential oils of Thymus and Origanum species from Algeria and their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 54 (17):6314–21. doi: 10.1021/jf0606104.
  • He, H. J., G. Y. Wang, Y. Gao, W. H. Ling, Z. W. Yu, and T. R. Jin. 2012. Curcumin attenuates Nrf2 signaling defect, oxidative stress in muscle and glucose intolerance in high fat diet-fed mice. World Journal of Diabetes 3 (5):94–104. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v3.i5.94.
  • He, J., H. Xie, and S. Wu. 2016. Dietary supplementation of curcumin alleviates NF-κB-dependent skeletal muscle wasting in rat . Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders Drug Targets 16 (2):140–47. doi:10.2174/87.1530316666160613115221.
  • Herbst, E. A., S. Paglialunga, C. Gerling, J. Whitfield, K. Mukai, A. Chabowski, G. J. Heigenhauser, L. L. Spriet, and G. P. Holloway. 2014. Omega-3 supplementation alters mitochondrial membrane composition and respiration kinetics in human skeletal muscle. The Journal of Physiology 592 (6):1341–52. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2013.267336.
  • Hollinger, K., R. A. Shanely, J. C. Quindry, and J. T. Selsby. 2015. Long-term quercetin dietary enrichment decreases muscle injury in mdx mice. Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) 34 (3):515–22. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2014.06.008.
  • Hsu, M. F., S. H. Yu, M. Korivi, W. H. Jean, S. D. Lee, C. Y. Huang, Y. H. Liao, J. Lu, and C. H. Kuo. 2017. Hormetic property of ginseng steroids on anti-oxidant status against exercise challenge in rat skeletal muscle. Antioxidants (Basel) 6 (2). doi: 10.3390/antiox60200:36.
  • Hsu, Y. J., W. C. Huang, C. C. Chiu, Y. L. Liu, W. C. Chiu, C. H. Chiu, Y. S. Chiu, and C. C. Huang. 2016. Capsaicin supplementation reduces physical fatigue and improves exercise performance in mice. Nutrients 8 (10). doi: 10.3390/nu8100:648.
  • Huang, L. F., Y. M. Yao, J. F. Li, S. W. Zhang, W. X. Li, N. Dong, Y. Yu, and Z. Y. Sheng. 2012. The effect of Astragaloside IV on immune function of regulatory T cell mediated by high mobility group box 1 protein in vitro. Fitoterapia 83 (8):1514–22. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.08.019.
  • Huang, W. C., W. C. Chiu, H. L. Chuang, D. W. Tang, Z. M. Lee, L. Wei, F. A. Chen, and C. C. Huang. 2015. Effect of curcumin supplementation on physiological fatigue and physical performance in mice. Nutrients 7 (2):905–21. doi: 10.3390/nu7020905.
  • Hudson, A. S., A. C. Kunstetter, W. C. Damasceno, and S. P. Wanner. 2016. Involvement of the TRPV1 channel in the modulation of spontaneous locomotor activity, physical performance and physical exercise-induced physiological responses. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research = Revista Brasileira de Pesquisas Medicas e Biologicas 49 (6):e5183. doi: 10.1590/1414-431X20165183.
  • Hung, L. M., J. K. Chen, S. S. Huang, R. S. Lee, and M. J. Su. 2000. Cardioprotective effect of resveratrol, a natural antioxidant derived from grapes. Cardiovascular Research 47 (3):549–55. doi: 10.1016/S0008-6363(00)00102-4.
  • Iizuka, K., T. Machida, and M. Hirafuji. 2014. Skeletal muscle is an endocrine organ. Journal of Pharmacological Sciences 125 (2):125–31. doi: 10.1254/jphs.14r02cp.
  • Ishida, T., M. Iizuka, Y. Ou, S. Morisawa, A. Hirata, Y. Yagi, K. Jobu, Y. Morita, and M. Miyamura. 2019. Juzentaihoto suppresses muscle atrophy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 42 (7):1128–33. doi: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00983.
  • Islam, H., D. A. Hood, and B. J. Gurd. 2020. Looking beyond PGC-1α: emerging regulators of exercise-induced skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and their activation by dietary compounds . Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism = Physiologie Appliquee, Nutrition et Metabolisme 45 (1):11–23. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0069.
  • Janssen, I., S. B. Heymsfield, Z. M. Wang, and R. Ross. 2000. Skeletal muscle mass and distribution in 468 men and women aged 18-88 yr. Journal of Applied Physiology 89 (1):81–8. doi: 10.1152/jappl.2000.89.1.81.
  • Janssens, P. L., R. Hursel, E. A. Martens, and M. S. Westerterp-Plantenga. 2013. Acute effects of capsaicin on energy expenditure and fat oxidation in negative energy balance. PloS One 8 (7):e67786. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067786.
  • Jardim, F. R., F. T. de Rossi, M. X. Nascimento, R. G. da Silva Barros, P. A. Borges, I. C. Prescilio, and M. R. de Oliveira. 2018. Resveratrol and brain mitochondria: A Review. Molecular Neurobiology 55 (3):2085–101. doi: 10.1007/s12035-017-0448-z.
  • Javidi, M. A., A. Kaeidi, S. S. Mortazavi Farsani, S. Babashah, and M. Sadeghizadeh. 2019. Investigating curcumin potential for diabetes cell therapy, in vitro and in vivo study. Life Sciences 239:116908. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116908.
  • Jeong, H. J., H. K. So, A. Jo, H. B. Kim, S. J. Lee, G. U. Bae, and J. S. Kang. 2019. Ginsenoside Rg1 augments oxidative metabolism and anabolic response of skeletal muscle in mice. J Ginseng Res 43 (3):475–81. doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2018.04.005.
  • Jiang, H., Y. Yamashita, A. Nakamura, K. Croft, and H. Ashida. 2019. Quercetin and its metabolite isorhamnetin promote glucose uptake through different signalling pathways in myotubes. Scientific Reports 9 (1):2690. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-38711-7.
  • Jiang, J. B., J. D. Qiu, L. H. Yang, J. P. He, G. W. Smith, and H. Q. Li. 2010. Therapeutic effects of astragalus polysaccharides on inflammation and synovial apoptosis in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis. International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases 13 (4):396–405. doi: 10.1111/j.1756-185X.2010.01555.x.
  • Jiang, Q., X. Cheng, Y. Cui, Q. Xia, X. Yan, M. Zhang, G. Lan, J. Liu, T. Shan, and Y. Huang. 2019. Resveratrol regulates skeletal muscle fibers switching through the AdipoR1-AMPK-PGC-1α pathway . Food & Function 10 (6):3334–43. doi: 10.1039/c8fo02518e.
  • Johnson, E. J., K. McDonald, S. M. Caldarella, H. Y. Chung, A. M. Troen, and D. M. Snodderly. 2008. Cognitive findings of an exploratory trial of docosahexaenoic acid and lutein supplementation in older women. Nutritional Neuroscience 11 (2):75–83. doi: 10.1179/147683008X301450.
  • Jung, H. L., H. E. Kwak, S. S. Kim, Y. C. Kim, C. D. Lee, H. K. Byurn, and H. Y. Kang. 2011. Effects of Panax ginseng supplementation on muscle damage and inflammation after uphill treadmill running in humans. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine 39 (03):441–50. doi: 10.1142/S0192415X11008944.
  • Jung, H. W., A. N. Kang, S. Y. Kang, Y. K. Park, and M. Y. Song. 2017. The root extract of pueraria lobata and its main compound, puerarin, prevent obesity by increasing the energy metabolism in skeletal muscle. Nutrients 9 (1):33. doi: 10.3390/nu9010033.
  • Jung, K. H., E. Ha, M. J. Kim, Y. K. Uhm, H. K. Kim, S. J. Hong, J. H. Chung, and S. V. Yim. 2006. Ganoderma lucidum extract stimulates glucose uptake in L6 rat skeletal muscle cells. Acta Biochimica Polonica 53 (3):597–601. doi: 10.18388/abp.2006_3333.
  • Kafeshani, M., M. H. Entezari, J. Karimian, M. Pourmasoumi, M. R. Maracy, M. R. Amini, and A. Hadi. 2017. A comparative study of the effect of green tea and sour tea on blood pressure and lipid profile in healthy adult men. ARYA Atherosclerosis 13 (3):109–16.
  • Kang, B. B., and B. H. Chiang. 2020. Amelioration of insulin resistance using the additive effect of ferulic acid and resveratrol on vesicle trafficking for skeletal muscle glucose metabolism. Phytotherapy Research: PTR 34 (4):808–16. doi: 10.1002/ptr.6561.
  • Karpanen, T. J., T. Worthington, E. R. Hendry, B. R. Conway, and P. A. Lambert. 2008. Antimicrobial efficacy of chlorhexidine digluconate alone and in combination with eucalyptus oil, tea tree oil and thymol against planktonic and biofilm cultures of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 62 (5):1031–6. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkn325.
  • Kasi, P. D., R. Tamilselvam, K. Skalicka-Woźniak, S. F. Nabavi, M. Daglia, A. Bishayee, H. Pazoki-Toroudi, and S. M. Nabavi. 2016. Molecular targets of curcumin for cancer therapy: An updated review. Tumour Biology: The Journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine 37 (10):13017–28. doi: 10.1007/s13277-016-5183-y.
  • Kawamura, A., W. Aoi, R. Abe, Y. Kobayashi, S. Wada, M. Kuwahata, and A. Higashi. 2020. Combined intake of astaxanthin, β-carotene, and resveratrol elevates protein synthesis during muscle hypertrophy in mice. Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) 69:110561. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.110561.
  • Kawanishi, N., K. Kato, M. Takahashi, T. Mizokami, Y. Otsuka, A. Imaizumi, D. Shiva, H. Yano, and K. Suzuki. 2013. Curcumin attenuates oxidative stress following downhill running-induced muscle damage. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 441 (3):573–8. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.10.119.
  • Kazuya, Y., A. Tonson, E. Pecchi, C. Dalmasso, C. Vilmen, Y. L. Fur, M. Bernard, D. Bendahan, and B. Giannesini. 2014. A single intake of capsiate improves mechanical performance and bioenergetics efficiency in contracting mouse skeletal muscle. American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism 306 (10):E1110–9. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00520.2013.
  • Khan, M. S., T. Muhammad, M. Ikram, and M. O. Kim. 2019. Dietary supplementation of the antioxidant curcumin halts systemic LPS-induced neuroinflammation-associated neurodegeneration and memory/synaptic impairment via the JNK/NF-κB/Akt signaling pathway in adult rats . Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2019:7860650. doi: 10.1155/2019/7860650.
  • Kido, K.,. K. Sato, Y. Makanae, S. Ato, T. Hayashi, and S. Fujita. 2016. Herbal supplement Kamishimotsuto augments resistance exercise-induced mTORC1 signaling in rat skeletal muscle. Nutrition 32 (1):108–13. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2015.06.015.
  • Kim, A. R., K. M. Kim, M. R. Byun, J. H. Hwang, J. I. Park, H. T. Oh, M. G. Jeong, E. S. Hwang, and J. H. Hong. 2017. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate stimulates myogenic differentiation through TAZ activation. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 486 (2):378–84. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.03.049.
  • Kim, A. R., K. M. Kim, M. R. Byun, J. H. Hwang, J. I. Park, H. T. Oh, H. K. Kim, M. G. Jeong, E. S. Hwang, and J. H. Hong. 2017. Catechins activate muscle stem cells by Myf5 induction and stimulate muscle regeneration. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 489 (2):142–8. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.05.114.
  • Kim, D. H., J. I. Joo, J. W. Choi, and J. W. Yun. 2010. Differential expression of skeletal muscle proteins in high-fat diet-fed rats in response to capsaicin feeding. Proteomics 10 (15):2870–81. doi: 10.1002/pmic.200900815.
  • Kim, H., T. Suzuki, K. Saito, H. Yoshida, N. Kojima, M. Kim, M. Sudo, Y. Yamashiro, and I. Tokimitsu. 2013. Effects of exercise and tea catechins on muscle mass, strength and walking ability in community-dwelling elderly Japanese sarcopenic women: A randomized controlled trial. Geriatrics & Gerontology International 13 (2):458–65. doi: 10.1111/j.1447-0594.2012.00923.x.
  • Kim, H. J., P. Kim, and C. Y. Shin. 2013. A comprehensive review of the therapeutic and pharmacological effects of ginseng and ginsenosides in central nervous system. Journal of Ginseng Research 37 (1):8–29. doi: 10.5142/jgr.2013.37.8.
  • Kondamudi, P. K., H. Kovelamudi, P. G. Nayak, M. C. Rao, and R. R. Shenoy. 2015. Curcumin half analog modulates interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in inflammatory bowel disease. Pharmacognosy Magazine 11 (44):296–302. doi: 10.4103/0973-1296.165991.
  • Kong, Z. L., S. Sudirman, H. J. Lin, and W. N. Chen. 2020. In vitro anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin on mast cell-mediated allergic responses via inhibiting FcepsilonRI protein expression and protein kinase C delta translocation. Cytotechnology 72 (1):81–95. doi: 10.1007/s10616-019-00359-6.
  • Koroth, J., S. Nirgude, S. Tiwari, V. Gopalakrishnan, R. Mahadeva, S. Kumar, S. S. Karki, and B. Choudhary. 2019. Investigation of anti-cancer and migrastatic properties of novel curcumin derivatives on breast and ovarian cancer cell lines. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 19 (1):273doi: 10.1186/s12906-019-2685-3.
  • Kruger, M. J., and C. Smith. 2012. Postcontusion polyphenol treatment alters inflammation and muscle regeneration. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 44 (5):872–80. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31823dbff3.
  • Kuo, Y. H., W. J. Tsai, S. H. Loke, T. S. Wu, and W. F. Chiou. 2009. Astragalus membranaceus flavonoids (AMF) ameliorate chronic fatigue syndrome induced by food intake restriction plus forced swimming. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 122 (1):28–34. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.11.025.
  • Lawler, J. M., E. L. Garcia-Villatoro, V. Guzzoni, J. M. Hord, R. Botchlett, D. Holly, M. S. Lawler, M. Janini Gomes, P. Ryan, D. Rodriguez, et al. 2019. Effect of combined fish oil & Curcumin on murine skeletal muscle morphology and stress response proteins during mechanical unloading. Nutrition Research (New York, N.Y.) 65:17–28. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.12.013.
  • Le, N. H., C. S. Kim, T. Park, J. H. Park, M. K. Sung, D. G. Lee, S. M. Hong, S. Y. Choe, T. Goto, T. Kawada, et al. 2014. Quercetin protects against obesity-induced skeletal muscle inflammation and atrophy. Mediators of Inflammation 2014:834294. doi: 10.1155/2014/834294.
  • Lee, C. H., and J. H. Kim. 2014. A review on the medicinal potentials of ginseng and ginsenosides on cardiovascular diseases. Journal of Ginseng Research 38 (3):161–6. doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2014.03.001.
  • Lee, D. Y., H. J. Noh, J. Choi, K. H. Lee, M. H. Lee, J. H. Lee, Y. Hong, S. E. Lee, S. Y. Kim, and G. S. Kim. 2013. Anti-inflammatory cycloartane-type saponins of Astragalus membranaceus. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 18 (4):3725–32. doi: 10.3390/molecules18043725.
  • Lee, E. H., G. Meissner, and D. H. Kim. 2002. Effects of quercetin on single Ca(2+) release channel behavior of skeletal muscle. Biophysical Journal 82 (3):1266–77. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(02)75483-0.
  • Lee, S. J., M. Yoo, G. Y. Go, J. Hwang, H. G. Lee, Y. K. Kim, D. W. Seo, N. I. Baek, J. H. Ryu, J. S. Kang, et al. 2014. Tetrahydropalmatine promotes myoblast differentiation through activation of p38MAPK and MyoD. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 455 (3-4):147–52. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.10.115.
  • Li, H., Y. J. Chen, Y. J. Hsu, M. F. Wu, C. C. Chiu, Y. T. Tung, W. J. Tsai, W. C. Huang, and C. C. Huang. 2018. Effects of ganoderma lucidum and ‘essence of chicken’ on physical fatigue recovery and exercise performance improvement. The Chinese Journal of Physiology 61 (6):372–83. doi: 10.4077/CJP.2018.BAH646.
  • Li, J., Y. Bao, W. Lam, W. Li, F. Lu, X. Zhu, J. Liu, and H. Wang. 2008. Immunoregulatory and anti-tumor effects of polysaccharopeptide and Astragalus polysaccharides on tumor-bearing mice. Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology 30 (4):771–82. doi: 10.1080/08923970802279183.
  • Li, J., L. Huang, S. Wang, Y. Yao, and Z. Zhang. 2016. Astragaloside IV attenuates inflammatory reaction via activating immune function of regulatory T-cells inhibited by HMGB1 in mice. Pharmaceutical Biology 54 (12):3217–25. doi: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1216133.
  • Li, P., A. Liu, W. Xiong, H. Lin, W. Xiao, J. Huang, S. Zhang, and Z. Liu. 2020. Catechins enhance skeletal muscle performance. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 60 (3):515–28. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1549534.
  • Liu, J., J. F. Zhang, J. Z. Lu, D. L. Zhang, K. Li, K. Su, J. Wang, Y. M. Zhang, N. Wang, S. T. Yang, et al. 2013. Astragalus polysaccharide stimulates glucose uptake in L6 myotubes through AMPK activation and AS160/TBC1D4 phosphorylation. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 34 (1):137–45. doi: 10.1038/aps.2012.133.
  • Liu, Q. Y., Y. M. Yao, S. W. Zhang, and Z. Y. Sheng. 2011. Astragalus polysaccharides regulate T cell-mediated immunity via CD11c(high)CD45RB(low) DCs in vitro. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 136 (3):457–64. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.06.041.
  • Liu, Y., L. Chen, Y. Shen, T. Tan, N. Xie, M. Luo, Z. Li, and X. Xie. 2016. Curcumin ameliorates ischemia-induced limb injury through immunomodulation. Medical Science Monitor: international Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research 22:2035–42. doi: 10.12659/msm.896217.
  • Liu, Y., W. Gong, Z. Y. Yang, X. S. Zhou, C. Gong, T. R. Zhang, X. Wei, D. Ma, F. Ye, and Q. L. Gao. 2017. Quercetin induces protective autophagy and apoptosis through ER stress via the p-STAT3/Bcl-2 axis in ovarian cancer. Apoptosis: An International Journal on Programmed Cell Death 22 (4):544–57. doi: 10.1007/s10495-016-1334-2.
  • Lotteau, S., S. Ducreux, C. Romestaing, C. Legrand, and F. Van Coppenolle. 2013. Characterization of functional TRPV1 channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of mouse skeletal muscle. PloS One 8 (3):e58673. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058673.
  • Lovsletten, N. G., S. S. Bakke, E. T. Kase, D. M. Ouwens, G. H. Thoresen, and A. C. Rustan. 2018. Increased triacylglycerol - Fatty acid substrate cycling in human skeletal muscle cells exposed to eicosapentaenoic acid. PloS One 13 (11):e0208048. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208048.
  • Lu, L.,. D. T. Wang, Y. Shi, Y. Yin, L. B. Wei, Y. C. Zou, B. Huang, Y. Zhao, M. Wang, H. Wan, et al. 2013. Astragalus polysaccharide improves muscle atrophy from dexamethasone- and peroxide-induced injury in vitro. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 61:7–16. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.06.027.
  • Luo, P., L. Wang, L. Luo, L. Wang, K. Yang, G. Shu, S. Wang, X. Zhu, P. Gao, and Q. Jiang. 2019. Ca(2+)-Calcineurin-NFAT pathway mediates the effect of thymol on oxidative metabolism and fiber-type switch in skeletal muscle. Food & Function 10 (8):5166–73. doi: 10.1039/C8FO02248H.
  • Luo, Z., L. Ma, Z. Zhao, H. He, D. Yang, X. Feng, S. Ma, X. Chen, T. Zhu, T. Cao, et al. 2012. TRPV1 activation improves exercise endurance and energy metabolism through PGC-1α upregulation in mice. Cell Research 22 (3):551–64. doi: 10.1038/cr.2011.205.
  • Lv, L.,. S. Y. Wu, G. F. Wang, J. J. Zhang, J. X. Pang, Z. Q. Liu, W. Xu, S. G. Wu, and J. J. Rao. 2010. Effect of astragaloside IV on hepatic glucose-regulating enzymes in diabetic mice induced by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin. Phytotherapy Research: PTR 24 (2):219–24. doi: 10.1002/ptr.2915.
  • Ma, X., T. Egawa, H. Kimura, K. Karaike, S. Masuda, N. Iwanaka, and T. Hayashi. 2010. Berberine-induced activation of 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and glucose transport in rat skeletal muscles. Metabolism: clinical and Experimental 59 (11):1619–27. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2010.03.009.
  • Ma, X. Q., Q. Shi, J. A. Duan, T. T. Dong, and K. W. Tsim. 2002. Chemical analysis of Radix Astragali (Huangqi) in China: A comparison with its adulterants and seasonal variations. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 50 (17):4861–6. doi: 10.1021/jf0202279.
  • Magee, P., S. Pearson, and J. Allen. 2008. The omega-3 fatty acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), prevents the damaging effects of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha during murine skeletal muscle cell differentiation. Lipids in Health and Disease 7 (1):24. doi: 10.1186/1476-511X-7-24.
  • Malaguti, M.,. C. Angeloni, and S. Hrelia. 2013. Polyphenols in exercise performance and prevention of exercise-induced muscle damage. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2013:825928. doi: 10.1155/2013/825928.
  • Manach, C., A. Scalbert, C. Morand, C. Remesy, and L. Jimenez. 2004. Polyphenols: Food sources and bioavailability. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 79 (5):727–47. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/79.5.727.
  • Manson, J. E., N. R. Cook, I. M. Lee, W. Christen, S. S. Bassuk, S. Mora, H. Gibson, C. M. Albert, D. Gordon, T. Copeland, et al. 2019. Marine n-3 fatty acids and prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer. The New England Journal of Medicine 380 (1):23–32. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1811403.
  • Marchese, A., I. E. Orhan, M. Daglia, R. Barbieri, A. Di Lorenzo, S. F. Nabavi, O. Gortzi, M. Izadi, and S. M. Nabavi. 2016. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of thymol: A brief review of the literature. Food Chemistry 210:402–14. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.111.
  • Materska, M., and I. Perucka. 2005. Antioxidant activity of the main phenolic compounds isolated from hot pepper fruit (Capsicum annuum L). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53 (5):1750–6. doi: 10.1021/jf035331k.
  • Mehdi, F., G. S. Keihan, A. S. Asadollah, and F. Effat. 2018. The effects of resveratrol, metformin, cold and strength training on the level of perilipin 5 in the heart, skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissues in mouse. Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics 76 (4):471–6. doi: 10.1007/s12013-018-0860-7.
  • Mendes, S. S., R. R. Bomfim, H. C. Jesus, P. B. Alves, A. F. Blank, C. S. Estevam, A. R. Antoniolli, and S. M. Thomazzi. 2010. Evaluation of the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the essential oil of Lippia gracilis leaves. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 129 (3):391–7. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.04.005.
  • Mi, J., W. He, J. Lv, K. Zhuang, H. Huang, and S. Quan. 2019. Effect of berberine on the HPA-axis pathway and skeletal muscle GLUT4 in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy 12:1717–25. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S211188.
  • Millay, D. P., J. R. O'Rourke, L. B. Sutherland, S. Bezprozvannaya, J. M. Shelton, R. Bassel-Duby, and E. N. Olson. 2013. Myomaker is a membrane activator of myoblast fusion and muscle formation. Nature 499 (7458):301–5. doi: 10.1038/nature12343.
  • Moghadamtousi, S. Z., H. A. Kadir, P. Hassandarvish, H. Tajik, S. Abubakar, and K. Zandi. 2014. A review on antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal activity of curcumin. BioMed Research International 2014:186864. doi: 10.1155/2014/186864.
  • Most, J., J. G. van Can, J. W. van Dijk, G. H. Goossens, J. Jocken, J. J. Hospers, I. Bendik, and E. E. Blaak. 2015. A 3-day EGCG-supplementation reduces interstitial lactate concentration in skeletal muscle of overweight subjects. Scientific Reports 5:17896. doi: 10.1038/srep17896.
  • Mozaffari-Khosravi, H., Z. Ahadi, and K. Barzegar. 2013. The effect of green tea and sour tea on blood pressure of patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Dietary Supplements 10 (2):105–15. doi: 10.3109/19390211.2013.790333.
  • Mukai, R., N. Matsui, Y. Fujikura, N. Matsumoto, D. X. Hou, N. Kanzaki, H. Shibata, M. Horikawa, K. Iwasa, K. Hirasaka, et al. 2016. Preventive effect of dietary quercetin on disuse muscle atrophy by targeting mitochondria in denervated mice. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 31:67–76. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.02.001.
  • Mukai, R., R. Nakao, H. Yamamoto, T. Nikawa, E. Takeda, and J. Terao. 2010. Quercetin prevents unloading-derived disused muscle atrophy by attenuating the induction of ubiquitin ligases in tail-suspension mice. Journal of Natural Products 73 (10):1708–10. doi: 10.1021/np100240y.
  • Mun, S. H., D. K. Joung, Y. S. Kim, O. H. Kang, S. B. Kim, Y. S. Seo, Y. C. Kim, D. S. Lee, D. W. Shin, K. T. Kweon, et al. 2013. Synergistic antibacterial effect of curcumin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Phytomedicine: International Journal of Phytotherapy and Phytopharmacology 20 (8-9):714–8. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.02.006.
  • Murase, T., S. Haramizu, A. Shimotoyodome, A. Nagasawa, and I. Tokimitsu. 2005. Green tea extract improves endurance capacity and increases muscle lipid oxidation in mice. American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 288 (3):R708–15. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00693.2004.
  • Murase, T., S. Haramizu, A. Shimotoyodome, I. Tokimitsu, and T. Hase. 2006. Green tea extract improves running endurance in mice by stimulating lipid utilization during exercise. American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 290 (6):R1550–6. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00752.2005.
  • Myburgh, K. H., M. J. Kruger, and C. Smith. 2012. Accelerated skeletal muscle recovery after in vivo polyphenol administration. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 23 (9):1072–9. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.05.014.
  • Natto, Z. S., W. Yaghmoor, H. K. Alshaeri, and T. E. Van Dyke. 2019. Omega-3 fatty acids effects on inflammatory biomarkers and lipid profiles among diabetic and cardiovascular disease patients: A systematic review and meta. Scientific Reports 9 (1):18867. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-54535-x.
  • Nieman, D. C., A. S. Williams, R. A. Shanely, F. Jin, S. R. McAnulty, N. T. Triplett, M. D. Austin, and D. A. Henson. 2010. Quercetin's influence on exercise performance and muscle mitochondrial biogenesis. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 42 (2):338–45. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181b18fa3.
  • Ochi, E., and Y. Tsuchiya. 2018. Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in muscle damage and function. Nutrients 10 (5): 552. 3390/nu10050552. doi: 10.3390/nu10050552.
  • Olguin, H. C., Z. Yang, S. J. Tapscott, and B. B. Olwin. 2007. Reciprocal inhibition between Pax7 and muscle regulatory factors modulates myogenic cell fate determination. The Journal of Cell Biology 177 (5):769–79. doi: 10.1083/jcb.200608122.
  • Onishi, S., M. Ishino, H. Kitazawa, A. Yoto, Y. Shimba, Y. Mochizuki, K. Unno, S. Meguro, I. Tokimitsu, and S. Miura. 2018. Green tea extracts ameliorate high-fat diet-induced muscle atrophy in senescence-accelerated mouse prone-8 mice. PloS One 13 (4):e0195753. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195753.
  • Ono, T., S. Takada, S. Kinugawa, and H. Tsutsui. 2015. Curcumin ameliorates skeletal muscle atrophy in type 1 diabetic mice by inhibiting protein ubiquitination. Experimental Physiology 100 (9):1052–63. doi: 10.1113/EP085049.
  • Ota, N., S. Soga, S. Haramizu, Y. Yokoi, T. Hase, and T. Murase. 2011. Tea catechins prevent contractile dysfunction in unloaded murine soleus muscle: A pilot study. Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) 27 (9):955–9. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2010.10.008.
  • Ouyang, M. Z., L. Z. Lin, W. J. Lv, Q. Zuo, Z. Lv, J. S. Guan, S. T. Wang, L. L. Sun, H. R. Chen, and Z. W. Xiao. 2016. Effects of the polysaccharides extracted from Ganoderma lucidum on chemotherapy-related fatigue in mice. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 91:905–10. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.04.084.
  • Owens, D. J., A. P. Sharples, I. Polydorou, N. Alwan, T. Donovan, J. Tang, W. D. Fraser, R. G. Cooper, J. P. Morton, C. Stewart, et al. 2015. A systems-based investigation into vitamin D and skeletal muscle repair, regeneration, and hypertrophy. American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism 309 (12):E1019–31. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00375.2015.
  • Ozturk, E., A. K. K. Arslan, M. B. Yerer, and A. Bishayee. 2017. Resveratrol and diabetes: A critical review of clinical studies. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & Pharmacotherapie 95:230–4. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.070.
  • Park, J. K., J. Y. Shim, A. R. Cho, M. R. Cho, and Y. J. Lee. 2018. Korean red ginseng protects against mitochondrial damage and intracellular inflammation in an animal model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Medicinal Food 21 (6):544–50. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2017.4059.
  • Patrizio, F., M. Ditroilo, F. Felici, G. Duranti, G. De Vito, S. Sabatini, M. Sacchetti, and I. Bazzucchi. 2018. The acute effect of Quercetin on muscle performance following a single resistance training session. European Journal of Applied Physiology 118 (5):1021–31. doi: 10.1007/s00421-018-3834-y.
  • Pedersen, B. K. 2009. Edward F. Adolph distinguished lecture: Muscle as an endocrine organ: IL-6 and other myokines. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 107 (4):1006–14. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00734.2009.
  • Pedersen, B. K., and M. A. Febbraio. 2012. Muscles, exercise and obesity: Skeletal muscle as a secretory organ. Nature Reviews. Endocrinology 8 (8):457–65. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2012.49.
  • Pedersen, B. K., M. Pedersen, K. S. Krabbe, H. Bruunsgaard, V. B. Matthews, and M. A. Febbraio. 2009. Role of exercise-induced brain-derived neurotrophic factor production in the regulation of energy homeostasis in mammals. Experimental Physiology 94 (12):1153–60. doi: 10.1113/expphysiol.2009.048561.
  • Pence, B. D., T. K. Bhattacharya, P. Park, J. L. Rytych, J. M. Allen, Y. Sun, R. H. McCusker, K. W. Kelley, R. W. Johnson, J. S. Rhodes, et al. 2017. Long-term supplementation with EGCG and beta-alanine decreases mortality but does not affect cognitive or muscle function in aged mice. Experimental Gerontology 98:22–9. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.08.020.
  • Pence, B. D., T. E. Gibbons, T. K. Bhattacharya, H. Mach, J. M. Ossyra, G. Petr, S. A. Martin, L. Wang, S. S. Rubakhin, J. V. Sweedler, et al. 2016. Effects of exercise and dietary epigallocatechin gallate and β-alanine on skeletal muscle in aged mice . Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism = Physiologie Appliquee, Nutrition et Metabolisme 41 (2):181–90. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0372.
  • Peng, Y., Y. Zheng, Y. Zhang, J. Zhao, F. Chang, T. Lu, R. Zhang, Q. Li, X. Hu, and N. Li. 2012. Different effects of omega-3 fatty acids on the cell cycle in C2C12 myoblast proliferation. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 367 (1-2):165–73. doi: 10.1007/s11010-012-1329-4.
  • Penumathsa, S. V., and N. Maulik. 2009. Resveratrol: A promising agent in promoting cardioprotection against coronary heart disease. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 87 (4):275–86. doi: 10.1139/Y09-013.
  • Pivari, F., A. Mingione, C. Brasacchio, and L. Soldati. 2019. Curcumin and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Prevention and treatment. Nutrients 11 (8):1837. doi: 10.3390/nu11081837.
  • Prasain, J. K., N. Peng, R. Rajbhandari, and J. M. Wyss. 2012. The Chinese Pueraria root extract (Pueraria lobata) ameliorates impaired glucose and lipid metabolism in obese mice. Phytomedicine: International Journal of Phytotherapy and Phytopharmacology 20 (1):17–23. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.09.017.
  • Qiu, J., X. Niu, J. Wang, Y. Xing, B. Leng, J. Dong, H. Li, M. Luo, Y. Zhang, X. Dai, et al. 2012. Capsaicin protects mice from community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia. PloS One 7 (3):e33032. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033032.
  • Quan, Y., S. Hua, W. Li, M. Zhan, Y. Li, and L. Lu. 2020. Resveratrol bidirectionally regulates insulin effects in skeletal muscle through alternation of intracellular redox homeostasis. Life Sciences 242:117188. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117188.
  • Rauf, A., M. Imran, M. S. Butt, M. Nadeem, D. G. Peters, and M. S. Mubarak. 2018. Resveratrol as an anti-cancer agent: A review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 58 (9):1428–47. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1263597.
  • Ray Hamidie, R. D., T. Yamada, R. Ishizawa, Y. Saito, and K. Masuda. 2015. Curcumin treatment enhances the effect of exercise on mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle by increasing cAMP levels. Metabolism: clinical and Experimental 64 (10):1334–47. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.07.010.
  • Receno, C. N., C. Liang, D. L. Korol, M. Atalay, K. S. Heffernan, T. D. Brutsaert, and K. C. DeRuisseau. 2019. Effects of prolonged dietary curcumin exposure on skeletal muscle biochemical and functional responses of aged male rats. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20 (5):1178. doi: 10.3390/ijms20051178.
  • Riella, K. R., R. R. Marinho, J. S. Santos, R. N. Pereira-Filho, J. C. Cardoso, R. L. Albuquerque-Junior, and S. M. Thomazzi. 2012. Anti-inflammatory and cicatrizing activities of thymol, a monoterpene of the essential oil from Lippia gracilis, in rodents. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 143 (2):656–63. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.07.028.
  • Sahin, K., R. Pala, M. Tuzcu, O. Ozdemir, C. Orhan, N. Sahin, and V. Juturu. 2016. Curcumin prevents muscle damage by regulating NF-kappaB and Nrf2 pathways and improves performance: An in vivo model. Journal of Inflammation Research 9:147–54. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S110873.
  • Saini, A., A. P. Sharples, N. Al-Shanti, and C. E. Stewart. 2017. Omega-3 fatty acid EPA improves regenerative capacity of mouse skeletal muscle cells exposed to saturated fat and inflammation. Biogerontology 18 (1):109–29. doi: 10.1007/s10522-016-9667-3.
  • Saito, M., T. Yoneshiro, and M. Matsushita. 2015. Food ingredients as anti-obesity agents. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism: TEM 26 (11):585–7. doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2015.08.009.
  • Sancho, R., C. Lucena, A. Macho, M. A. Calzado, M. Blanco-Molina, A. Minassi, G. Appendino, and E. Munoz. 2002. Immunosuppressive activity of capsaicinoids: Capsiate derived from sweet peppers inhibits NF-kappaB activation and is a potent antiinflammatory compound in vivo. European Journal of Immunology 32 (6):1753–63. doi: 10.1002/1521-4141(200206)32:6 < 1753::AID-IMMU1753 > 3.0.CO;2-2.
  • Saravanan, S., and L. Pari. 2015. Role of thymol on hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in high fat diet-induced type 2 diabetic C57BL/6J mice. European Journal of Pharmacology 761:279–87. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.05.034.
  • Sarkozi, S.,. J. Almassy, B. Lukacs, N. Dobrosi, G. Nagy, and I. Jona. 2007. Effect of natural phenol derivatives on skeletal type sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ -ATPase and ryanodine receptor. Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility 28 (2-3):167–74. doi: 10.1007/s10974-007-9113-x.
  • Selsby, J. T., C. G. Ballmann, H. R. Spaulding, J. W. Ross, and J. C. Quindry. 2016. Oral quercetin administration transiently protects respiratory function in dystrophin-deficient mice. The Journal of Physiology 594 (20):6037–53. doi: 10.1113/JP272057.
  • Seo, Y. S., M. Y. Shon, R. Kong, O. H. Kang, T. Zhou, D. Y. Kim, and D. Y. Kwon. 2016. Black ginseng extract exerts anti-hyperglycemic effect via modulation of glucose metabolism in liver and muscle. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 190:231–40. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.05.060.
  • Shahid, H., M. Shahzad, A. Shabbir, and G. Saghir. 2019. Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory potential of curcumin for the treatment of allergic asthma: Effects on expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and aquaporins. Inflammation 42 (6):2037–47. doi: 10.1007/s10753-019-01066-2.
  • Sharath Babu, G. R., N. Ilaiyaraja, F. Khanum, and T. Anand. 2017. Cytoprotective propensity of green tea polyphenols against citrinin-induced skeletal-myotube damage in C2C12 cells. Cytotechnology 69 (4):681–97. doi: 10.1007/s10616-017-0077-4.
  • Shishtar, E., J. L. Sievenpiper, V. Djedovic, A. I. Cozma, V. Ha, V. H. Jayalath, D. J. Jenkins, S. B. Meija, R. J. de Souza, E. Jovanovski, et al. 2014. The effect of ginseng (the genus panax) on glycemic control: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. PloS One. 9 (9):e107391. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107391.
  • Sin, T. K., X. M. Pei, B. T. Teng, E. W. Tam, B. Y. Yung, and P. M. Siu. 2013. Oxidative stress and DNA damage signalling in skeletal muscle in pressure-induced deep tissue injury. Pflugers Archiv: European Journal of Physiology 465 (2):295–317. doi: 10.1007/s00424-012-1205-9.
  • Sin, T. K., B. Y. Yung, and P. M. Siu. 2015. Modulation of SIRT1-Foxo1 signaling axis by resveratrol: Implications in skeletal muscle aging and insulin resistance. Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry: International Journal of Experimental Cellular Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pharmacology 35 (2):541–52. doi: 10.1159/000369718.
  • Soetikno, V., F. R. Sari, V. Sukumaran, A. P. Lakshmanan, M. Harima, K. Suzuki, H. Kawachi, and K. Watanabe. 2013. Curcumin decreases renal triglyceride accumulation through AMPK-SREBP signaling pathway in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic rats. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 24 (5):796–802. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.04.013.
  • Spaulding, H. R., C. G. Ballmann, J. C. Quindry, and J. T. Selsby. 2016. Long-term quercetin dietary enrichment partially protects dystrophic skeletal muscle. PloS One 11 (12):e0168293doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168293.
  • Steensberg, A., G. van Hall, T. Osada, M. Sacchetti, B. Saltin, and B. Klarlund Pedersen. 2000. Production of interleukin-6 in contracting human skeletal muscles can account for the exercise-induced increase in plasma interleukin-6. The Journal of Physiology 529 Pt 1:237–42. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2000.00237.x.
  • Sun, F., S. Xiong, and Z. Zhu. 2016. Dietary capsaicin protects cardiometabolic organs from dysfunction. Nutrients 8 (5). doi: 10.3390/nu8050:174.
  • Szentandrassy, N., P. Szentesi, J. Magyar, P. P. Nanasi, and L. Csernoch. 2003. Effect of thymol on kinetic properties of Ca and K currents in rat skeletal muscle. BMC Pharmacology 3:9. doi: 10.1186/1471-2210-3-9.
  • Szentandrassy, N., G. Szigeti, C. Szegedi, S. Sarkozi, J. Magyar, T. Banyasz, L. Csernoch, L. Kovacs, P. P. Nanasi, and I. Jona. 2004. Effect of thymol on calcium handling in mammalian ventricular myocardium. Life sciences 74 (7):909–21. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2003.09.034.
  • Szentesi, P., H. Szappanos, C. Szegedi, M. Gonczi, I. Jona, J. Cseri, L. Kovacs, and L. Csernoch. 2004. Altered elementary calcium release events and enhanced calcium release by thymol in rat skeletal muscle. Biophysical Journal 86 (3):1436–53. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(04)74213-7.
  • Tachtsis, B., D. Camera, and O. Lacham-Kaplan. 2018. Potential roles of n-3 PUFAs during skeletal muscle growth and regeneration. Nutrients 10 (3):309. doi:. 3390/nu10030309. doi: 10.3390/nu10030309.
  • Takahashi, M., K. Suzuki, H. K. Kim, Y. Otsuka, A. Imaizumi, M. Miyashita, and S. Sakamoto. 2013. Effects of curcumin supplementation on exercise-induced oxidative stress in humans. International Journal of Sports Medicine 35 (06):469–75. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1357185.
  • Takamura, Y., M. Nomura, A. Uchiyama, and S. Fujita. 2017. Effects of aerobic exercise combined with panaxatriol derived from ginseng on insulin resistance and skeletal muscle mass in type 2 diabetic mice. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology 63 (5):339–48. doi: 10.3177/jnsv.63.339.
  • Tamura, T., and H. Iwamoto. 2004. Thymol: A classical small-molecule compound that has a dual effect (potentiating and inhibitory) on myosin. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 318 (3):786–91. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.04.085.
  • Tanabe, Y., K. Chino, T. Ohnishi, H. Ozawa, H. Sagayama, S. Maeda, and H. Takahashi. 2019. Effects of oral curcumin ingested before or after eccentric exercise on markers of muscle damage and inflammation. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 29 (4):524–34. doi: 10.1111/sms.13373.
  • Tanabe, Y., S. Maeda, N. Akazawa, A. Zempo-Miyaki, Y. Choi, S. G. Ra, A. Imaizumi, Y. Otsuka, and K. Nosaka. 2015. Attenuation of indirect markers of eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage by curcumin. European Journal of Applied Physiology 115 (9):1949–57. doi: 10.1007/s00421-015-3170-4.
  • Teng, Y. S., and D. Wu. 2017. Anti-fatigue effect of green tea polyphenols (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Pharmacognosy Magazine 13 (50):326–31. doi: 10.4103/0973-1296.204546.
  • Thaloor, D., K. J. Miller, J. Gephart, P. O. Mitchell, and G. K. Pavlath. 1999. Systemic administration of the NF-kappaB inhibitor curcumin stimulates muscle regeneration after traumatic injury. The American Journal of Physiology 277 (2):C320–9. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.1999.277.2.C320.
  • Tomdio, A., M. Ritchie, and A. C. Miller. 2019. Omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease prevention. American Family Physician 100 (4):209–10.
  • Toniolo, L., P. Fusco, L. Formoso, A. Mazzi, M. Canato, C. Reggiani, and E. Giacomello. 2018. Resveratrol treatment reduces the appearance of tubular aggregates and improves the resistance to fatigue in aging mice skeletal muscles. Experimental Gerontology 111:170–9. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.07.012.
  • Tsai, T. W., C. C. Chang, S. F. Liao, Y. H. Liao, C. W. Hou, J. P. Tsao, and I. S. Cheng. 2017. Effect of green tea extract supplementation on glycogen replenishment in exercised human skeletal muscle. British Journal of Nutrition 117 (10):1343–50. doi: 10.1017/S0007114517001374.
  • Tseng, Y. T., W. H. Chang, C. C. Lin, F. R. Chang, P. C. Wu, and Y. C. Lo. 2019. Protective effects of Liuwei dihuang water extracts on diabetic muscle atrophy. Phytomedicine: International Journal of Phytotherapy and Phytopharmacology 53:96–106. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.032.
  • Tsuchiya, Y., K. Yanagimoto, K. Nakazato, K. Hayamizu, and E. Ochi. 2016. Eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids-rich fish oil supplementation attenuates strength loss and limited joint range of motion after eccentric contractions: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial. European Journal of Applied Physiology 116 (6):1179–88. doi: 10.1007/s00421-016-3373-3.
  • Turchanyi, B., J. Hamar, T. Tombol, and L. Siklos. 2006. Capsaicin delays regeneration of the neuromuscular junction of rat extensor digitorum longus muscle after ischemia. Muscle & Nerve 33 (4):556–67. doi: 10.1002/mus.20494.
  • Ueda-Wakagi, M., H. Nagayasu, Y. Yamashita, and A. H. Ashida. 2019. Green tea ameliorates hyperglycemia by promoting the translocation of glucose transporter 4 in the skeletal muscle of diabetic rodents. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20 (10):2436. doi: 10.3390/ijms20102436.
  • Voces, J., A. C. Cabral de Oliveira, J. G. Prieto, L. Vila, A. C. Perez, I. D. Duarte, and A. I. Alvarez. 2004. Ginseng administration protects skeletal muscle from oxidative stress induced by acute exercise in rats. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 37 (12):1863–71. doi: 10.1590/S0100-879X2004001200012.
  • Wang, F., S. Chen, L. Deng, L. Chen, Y. Huang, M. Tian, C. Li, and X. Zhou. 2019. Protective effects of astragaloside IV against LPS-induced endometritis in mice through inhibiting activation of the NF-kappaB, p38 and JNK signaling pathways. Molecules 24 (2):373. doi: 10.3390/molecules24020373.
  • Wang, Q., J. Xu, G. E. Rottinghaus, A. Simonyi, D. Lubahn, G. Y. Sun, and A. Y. Sun. 2002. Resveratrol protects against global cerebral ischemic injury in gerbils. Brain Research 958 (2):439–47. doi: 10.1016/S0006-8993(02)03543-6.
  • Wei, W.,. Z. P. Li, T. Zhu, H. Y. Fung, T. L. Wong, X. Wen, D. L. Ma, C. H. Leung, and Q. B. Han. 2017. Anti-fatigue effects of the unique polysaccharide marker of dendrobium officinale on BALB/c Mice. Molecules 22 (1):155. doi: 10.3390/molecules22010155.
  • Wilson, W. N., B. L. Baumgarner, W. O. Watanabe, M. S. Alam, and S. T. Kinsey. 2015. Effects of resveratrol on growth and skeletal muscle physiology of juvenile southern flounder. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part A, Molecular & Integrative Physiology 183:27–35. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.12.014.
  • Wong, K. H., G. Q. Li, K. M. Li, V. Razmovski-Naumovski, and K. Chan. 2011. Kudzu root: Traditional uses and potential medicinal benefits in diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 134 (3):584–607. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.02.001.
  • Wong, K. H., V. Razmovski-Naumovski, K. M. Li, G. Q. Li, and K. Chan. 2015. Comparing morphological, chemical and anti-diabetic characteristics of Puerariae Lobatae Radix and Puerariae Thomsonii Radix. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 164:53–63. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.12.050.
  • Wu, J., S. Saovieng, I. S. Cheng, T. Liu, S. Hong, C. Y. Lin, I. C. Su, C. Y. Huang, and C. H. Kuo. 2019. Ginsenoside Rg1 supplementation clears senescence-associated beta-galactosidase in exercising human skeletal muscle. Journal of Ginseng Research 43 (4):580–8. doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2018.06.002.
  • Wu, K., T. Liang, X. Duan, L. Xu, K. Zhang, and R. Li. 2013. Anti-diabetic effects of puerarin, isolated from Pueraria lobata (Willd.), on streptozotocin-diabetogenic mice through promoting insulin expression and ameliorating metabolic function. Food and Chemical Toxicology: An International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 60:341–7. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.07.077.
  • Wu, T. H., K. Y. Yeh, C. H. Wang, H. Wang, T. L. Li, Y. L. Chan, and C. J. Wu. 2019. The combination of Astragalus membranaceus and Angelica sinensis inhibits lung cancer and cachexia through its immunomodulatory function. Journal of Oncology 2019:9206951doi: 10.1155/2019/9206951.
  • Xia, N., A. Daiber, U. Forstermann, and H. Li. 2017. Antioxidant effects of resveratrol in the cardiovascular system. British journal of Pharmacology 174 (12):1633–46. doi: 10.1111/bph.13492.
  • Xu, D. J., Q. Xia, J. J. Wang, and P. P. Wang. 2008. Molecular weight and monosaccharide composition of Astragalus polysaccharides. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 13 (10):2408–15. doi: 10.3390/molecules13102408.
  • Xu, X. L., X. J. Chen, H. Ji, P. Li, Y. Y. Bian, D. Yang, J. D. Xu, Z. P. Bian, and J. N. Zhang. 2008. Astragaloside IV improved intracellular calcium handling in hypoxia-reoxygenated cardiomyocytes via the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase. Pharmacology 81 (4):325–32. doi: 10.1159/000121335.
  • Yang, B., L. Shi, A. M. Wang, M. Q. Shi, Z. H. Li, F. Zhao, X. J. Guo, and D. Li. 2019. Lowering effects of n-3 fatty acid supplements on blood pressure by reducing plasma angiotensin II in inner mongolia hypertensive patients: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 67 (1):184–92. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05463.
  • Yang, J., H. X. Wang, Y. J. Zhang, Y. H. Yang, M. L. Lu, J. Zhang, S. T. Li, S. P. Zhang, and G. Li. 2013. Astragaloside IV attenuates inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting TLR4/NF-small ka, CyrillicB signaling pathway in isoproterenol-induced myocardial hypertrophy. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 150 (3):1062–70. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.10.017.
  • Yang, Q. Y., X. D. Lai, J. Ouyang, and J. D. Yang. 2018. Effects of ginsenoside Rg3 on fatigue resistance and SIRT1 in aged rats. Toxicology 409:144–51. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.08.010.
  • Yazgan, Ü. C., E. Taşdemir, H. M. Bilgin, B. Deniz Obay, A. Şermet, and B. Elbey. 2015. Comparison of the anti-diabetic effects of resveratrol, gliclazide and losartan in streptozotocin-induced experimental diabetes. Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry 121 (4):157–61. doi: 10.3109/13813455.2015.1062898.
  • Yeh, T. S., H. L. Chuang, W. C. Huang, Y. M. Chen, C. C. Huang, and M. C. Hsu. 2014. Astragalus membranaceus improves exercise performance and ameliorates exercise-induced fatigue in trained mice. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 19 (3):2793–807. doi: 10.3390/molecules19032793.
  • Yu, Y., Y. Zhao, F. Teng, J. Li, Y. Guan, J. Xu, X. Lv, F. Guan, M. Zhang, and L. Chen. 2018. Berberine improves cognitive deficiency and muscular dysfunction via activation of the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1a pathway in skeletal muscle from naturally aging rats. The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging 22 (6):710–7. doi: 10.1007/s12603-018-1015-7.
  • Yue, F., P. Bi, C. Wang, T. Shan, Y. Nie, T. L. Ratliff, T. P. Gavin, and S. Kuang. 2017. Pten is necessary for the quiescence and maintenance of adult muscle stem cells. Nature Communications 8:14328doi: 10.1038/ncomms14328.
  • Zhang, F., J. S. Shi, H. Zhou, B. Wilson, J. S. Hong, and H. M. Gao. 2010. Resveratrol protects dopamine neurons against lipopolysaccharide-induced neurotoxicity through its anti-inflammatory actions. Molecular Pharmacology 78 (3):466–77. doi: 10.1124/mol.110.064535.
  • Zhang, J., X. Xu, Y. Liu, L. Zhang, J. Odle, X. Lin, H. Zhu, X. Wang, and Y. Liu. 2019. EPA and DHA inhibit myogenesis and downregulate the expression of muscle-related genes in C2C12 myoblasts. Genes (Basel) 10 (1):64. 3390/genes10010064. doi: 10.3390/genes10010064.
  • Zhang, M., J. Tang, Y. Li, Y. Xie, H. Shan, M. Chen, J. Zhang, X. Yang, Q. Zhang, and X. Yang. 2017. Curcumin attenuates skeletal muscle mitochondrial impairment in COPD rats: PGC-1α/SIRT3 pathway involved . Chemico-Biological Interactions 277:168–75. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.09.018.
  • Zhang, Y. J., H. Zhao, L. Dong, Y. F. Zhen, H. Y. Xing, H. J. Ma, and G. Y. Song. 2019. Resveratrol ameliorates high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance and fatty acid oxidation via ATM-AMPK axis in skeletal muscle. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences 23 (20):9117–25. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_201910_19315.
  • Zhang, Y. W., C. Y. Wu, and J. T. Cheng. 2007. Merit of Astragalus polysaccharide in the improvement of early diabetic nephropathy with an effect on mRNA expressions of NF-kappaB and IkappaB in renal cortex of streptozotoxin-induced diabetic rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 114 (3):387–92. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.08.024.
  • Zhang, Z., T. N. Lam, and Z. Zuo. 2013. Radix Puerariae: An overview of its chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and clinical use. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 53 (8):787–811. doi: 10.1002/jcph.96.
  • Zhao, M., J. Zhao, G. He, X. Sun, X. Huang, and L. Hao. 2013. Effects of astragaloside IV on action potentials and ionic currents in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes. Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 36 (4):515–21. doi: 10.1248/bpb.b12-00655.
  • Zheng, G., L. Lin, S. Zhong, Q. Zhang, and D. Li. 2015. Effects of puerarin on lipid accumulation and metabolism in high-fat diet-fed mice. PloS One 10 (3):e0122925doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122925.
  • Zhong, R. Z., D. W. Zhou, C. Y. Tan, Z. L. Tan, X. F. Han, C. S. Zhou, and S. X. Tang. 2011. Effect of tea catechins on regulation of antioxidant enzyme expression in H2O2-induced skeletal muscle cells of goat in vitro. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 59 (20):11338–43. doi: 10.1021/jf202839t.
  • Zhonghui, Z.,. Z. Xiaowei, and F. Fang. 2014. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides supplementation attenuates exercise-induced oxidative stress in skeletal muscle of mice. Saudi J Biol Sci 21 (2):119–23. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2013.04.004.
  • Zhou, E., Y. Fu, Z. Wei, Y. Yu, X. Zhang, and Z. Yang. 2014. Thymol attenuates allergic airway inflammation in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced mouse asthma. Fitoterapia 96:131–7. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.04.016.
  • Zhou, G., L. Wang, Y. Xu, K. Yang, L. Luo, L. Wang, Y. Li, J. Wang, G. Shu, S. Wang, et al. 2018. Diversity effect of capsaicin on different types of skeletal muscle. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 443 (1-2):11–23. doi: 10.1007/s11010-017-3206-7.
  • Zhou, J., Z. Liao, J. Jia, J. L. Chen, and Q. Xiao. 2019. The effects of resveratrol feeding and exercise training on the skeletal muscle function and transcriptome of aged rats. Peerj. 7:e7199. doi: 10.7717/peerj.7199.
  • Zhu, R., J. Zheng, L. Chen, B. Gu, and S. Huang. 2016. Astragaloside IV facilitates glucose transport in C2C12 myotubes through the IRS1/AKT pathway and suppresses the palmitate-induced activation of the IKK/IκBα pathway . International Journal of Molecular Medicine 37 (6):1697–705. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2555.
  • Ziegenfuss, T. N., A. W. Kedia, J. E. Sandrock, B. J. Raub, C. M. Kerksick, and H. L. Lopez. 2018. Effects of an aqueous extract of Withania somnifera on strength training adaptations and recovery: The STAR Trial. Nutrients 10 (11):1807. doi: 3390/nu10111807. doi: 10.3390/nu10111807.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.