Guava (Psidium guajava L.): a glorious plant with cancer preventive and therapeutic potential

References

• Arima, H., and G. Danno. 2002. Isolation of antimicrobial compounds from Guava (Psidium guajava L.) and their structural elucidation. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 66 (8):1727–30. doi: 10.1271/bbb.66.1727.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashraf, A., R. A. Sarfraz, M. A. Rashid, A. Mahmood, M. Shahid, and N. Noor. 2016. Chemical composition, antioxidant, antitumor, anticancer and cytotoxic effects of Psidium guajava leaf extracts. Pharmaceutical Biology 54 (10):1971–81. doi: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1137604.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Athikomkulchai, S., R. Watthanachaiyingcharoen, S. Tunvichien, P. Vayumhasuwan, P. Karnsomkiet, P. S. Jong, and N. Ruangrungsi. 2008. The development of anti-acne products from Eucalyptus globulus and Psidium guajava oil. Journal of Health Research 22:109–13.
   Google Scholar
• Attawish, A., P. Chavalittumrong, P. Rugsamon, and P. Chuntapet. 1995. Toxicity study of Psidium guajava Linn. leaves. Warasan Krom Witthayasat Kan Phaet 37 (4):289–305.
   Google Scholar
• Bagri, P., M. Ali, V. Aeri, and M. Bhowmik. 2016. Isolation and antidiabetic activity of new lanostenoids from the leaves of Psidium guajava L. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 8 (9):14–8. doi: 10.22159//ijpps.2016.v8i9.10425.
   Google Scholar
• Barbalho, S. M., F. M. Farinazzi-Machado, R. de Alvares Goulart, A. C. S. Brunnati, A. M. Otoboni, and B. J. M. A. P. Ottoboni. 2012. Psidium guajava (Guava): A plant of multipurpose medicinal applications. Med Aromat Plants 1 (4):2167–12.
   Google Scholar
• Bazioli, J. M., J. H. Costa, L. Shiozawa, A. Ruiz, M. A. Foglio, and J. E. Carvalho. 2020. Anti-estrogenic activity of guajadial fraction, from Guava Leaves (Psidium guajava L.). Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 25 (7):1525. doi: 10.3390/molecules25071525.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Begum, S., S. N. Ali, S. I. Hassan, and B. S. Siddiqui. 2007. A new ethylene glycol triterpenoid from the leaves of Psidium guajava. Natural Product Research 21 (8):742–8. doi: 10.1080/14786410601083712.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Begum, S., S. N. Ali, S. Tauseef, S. T. Ali, S. I. Hassan, B. S. Siddiqui, and A. Ahmad. 2014. Chemical constituents and antioxidant activity of fresh leaves of Psidium guajava cultivated in Pakistan. Journal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan 36:119–22.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Begum, S., S. I. Hassan, S. N. Ali, and B. S. Siddiqui. 2004. Chemical constituents from the leaves of Psidium guajava. Natural Product Research 18 (2):135–40. doi: 10.1080/14786410310001608019.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Begum, S., S. I. Hassan, and B. S. Siddiqui. 2002b. Two new triterpenoids from the fresh leaves of Psidium guajava. Planta Medica 68 (12):1149–52. doi: 10.1055/s-2002-36353.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Begum, S., S. I. Hassan, B. S. Siddiqui, F. Shaheen, M. N. Ghayur, and A. H. Gilani. 2002a. Triterpenoids from the leaves of Psidium guajava. Phytochemistry 61 (4):399–403. doi: 10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00190-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjelakovic, G., D. Nikolova, L. L. Gluud, R. G. Simonetti, and C. Gluud. 2008. Antioxidant supplements for preventing gastrointestinal cancers. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2):CD007176. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007176.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bontempo, P., A. Doto, M. Miceli, L. Mita, R. Benedetti, A. Nebbioso, M. Veglione, D. Rigano, M. Cioffi, V. Sica, et al. 2012. Psidium guajava L. anti-neoplastic effects: Induction of apoptosis and cell differentiation. Cell Proliferation 45 (1):22–31. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2011.00797.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braga, T., R. Dores, C. Ramos, F. C. Evangelista, L. Tinoco, F. Varotti, M. Carvalho, and A. Sabino. 2014. Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Antitumor Activity of Ethanolic Extract of the Psidium guajava Leaves. American Journal of Plant Sciences 05 (23):3492–500. doi: 10.4236/ajps.2014.523365.
   Google Scholar
• Bulzomi, P., P. Galluzzo, A. Bolli, S. Leone, F. Acconcia, and M. Marino. 2012. The pro-apoptotic effect of quercetin in cancer cell lines requires ERβ-dependent signals. Journal of Cellular Physiology 227 (5):1891–8. doi: 10.1002/jcp.22917.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CABI. 2019. Psidium guajava (guava). https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/45141#tosummaryOfInvasiveness. Accessed 27 February, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Chaturvedi, T., S. Singh, I. Nishad, A. Kumar, N. Tiwari, S. Tandon, D. Saikia, and R. S. Verma. 2021. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of senescent leaves of guava (Psidium guajava L.). Natural Product Research 35 (8):1393–7. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1648462.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, K. C., C. L. Hsieh, K. D. Huang, Y. B. Ker, C. C. Chyau, and R. Y. Peng. 2009. Anticancer activity of rhamnoallosan against DU-145 cells is kinetically complementary to coexisting Polyphenolics in Psidium guajava budding leaves. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 57 (14):6114–22. doi: 10.1021/jf901268w.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, K. C., C. L. Hsieh, C. C. Peng, H. M. Hsieh-Li, H. S. Chiang, K. D. Huang, and R. Y. Peng. 2007. Brain derived metastatic prostate cancer DU-145 cells are effectively inhibited in vitro by guava (Psidium gujava L.) leaf extracts. Nutrition and Cancer 58 (1):93–106. doi: 10.1080/01635580701308240.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, K. C., C. C. Peng, W. T. Chiu, Y. T. Cheng, G. T. Huang, C. L. Hsieh, and R. Y. Peng. 2010. Action mechanism and signal pathways of Psidium guajava L. aqueous extract in killing prostate cancer LNCaP cells. Nutrition and Cancer 62 (2):260–70. doi: 10.1080/01635580903407130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, H. C., M. J. Sheu, L. Y. Lin, and C. M. Wu. 2007. Chemical composition of the leaf essential oil of Psidium guajava L. from Taiwan. Journal of Essential Oil Research 19 (4):345–7. doi: 10.1080/10412905.2007.9699300.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, H. Y., and G. C. Yen. 2007. Antioxidant activity and free radical-scavenging capacity of extracts from guava (Psidium guajava L.) leaves. Food Chemistry 101 (2):686–94. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.02.047.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho, Y. M., H. Onodera, M. Ueda, T. Imai, and M. Hirose. 2006. A 13-week subchronic toxicity study of dietary administered morin in F344 rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology: An International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 44 (6):891–7. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2005.12.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole, R. A., and W. N. Setzer. 2007. Chemical composition of the leaf essential oil of Psidium guajava from Monteverde, Costa Rica. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants 10 (5):365–73. doi: 10.1080/0972060X.2007.10643568.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conquer, J. A., G. Maiani, E. Azzini, A. Raguzzini, and B. J. Holub. 1998. Supplementation with quercetin markedly increases plasma quercetin concentration without effect on selected risk factors for heart disease in healthy subjects. The Journal of Nutrition 128 (3):593–7. doi: 10.1093/jn/128.3.593.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Correa, M. G., J. S. Couto, and A. J. Teodoro. 2016. Anticancer properties of Psidium guajava - a mini-review. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention: APJCP 17 (9):4199–204.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Correa, M. G., J. S. Couto, B. B. Trindade, J. P. Abreu, V. M. Nakajima, F. L. Oliveira, A. Farah, and A. J. Teodoro. 2020. Antiproliferative effect of guava fruit extracts in MDA-MB-435 and MCF-7 human breast cancer cell lines. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 92 (2):e20191500. doi: 10.1590/0001-3765202020191500.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Courteau, J. 2021. Purple Strawberry Guava. EOL. https://eol.org/pages/2508592/articles. Accessed 9 June, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Cragg, G. M., and J. M. Pezzuto. 2016. Natural products as a vital source for the discovery of cancer chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive agents. Medical Principles and Practice 25 (2):41–59. doi: 10.1159/000443404.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crespy, V., C. Morand, C. Besson, C. Manach, C. Demigne, and C. Remesy. 2002. Quercetin, but not its glycosides, is absorbed from the rat stomach. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 50 (3):618–21. doi: 10.1021/jf010919h.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crespy, V., C. Morand, C. Manach, C. Besson, C. Demigne, and C. Remesy. 1999. Part of quercetin absorbed in the small intestine is conjugated and further secreted in the intestinal lumen. The American Journal of Physiology 277 (1):G120–G126. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.1999.277.1.G120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dajas, F. 2012. Life or death: Neuroprotective and anticancer effects of quercetin. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 143 (2):383–96. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.07.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Damianaki, A., E. Bakogeorgou, M. Kampa, G. Notas, A. Hatzoglou, S. Panagiotou, C. Gemetzi, E. Kouroumalis, P. M. Martin, and E. Castanas. 2000. Potent inhibitory action of red wine polyphenols on human breast cancer cells. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 78:429–41. doi: 10.1002/1097-4644(20000901)78:3<429::aid-jcb8>3.0.co;2-m.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daswani, P. G., M. S. Gholkar, and T. J. Birdi. 2017. Psidium guajava: A single plant for multiple health problems of rural indian population. Pharmacognosy Reviews 11 (22):167–74. doi: 10.4103/phrev.phrev_17_17.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• de Boer, H. J., and C. Cotingting. 2014. Medicinal plants for women's healthcare in southeast Asia: A meta-analysis of their traditional use, chemical constituents, and pharmacology. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 151 (2):747–67. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.030.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Boer, V. C., A. A. Dihal, H. van der Woude, I. C. Arts, S. Wolffram, G. M. Alink, I. M. Rietjens, J. Keijer, and P. C. Hollman. 2005. Tissue distribution of quercetin in rats and pigs. The Journal of Nutrition 135 (7):1718–25. doi: 10.1093/jn/135.7.1718.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deguchi, Y., and K. Miyazaki. 2010. Anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects of guava leaf extract. Nutrition & Metabolism 7:9. doi: 10.1186/1743-7075-7-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Díaz-de-Cerio, E., A. M. G. Caravaca, V. Verardo, A. F. Gutiérrez, and A. S. Carretero. 2016. Determination of guava (Psidium guajava L.) leaf phenolic compounds using HPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS. Journal of Functional Foods 22:376–88. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.01.040.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Díaz-de-Cerio, E., V. Verardo, A. M. Gómez-Caravaca, A. Fernández-Gutiérrez, and A. Segura-Carretero. 2017. Health effects of Psidium guajava L. Leaves: An overview of the last decade. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 18 (4):897. doi: 10.3390/ijms18040897.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding, S. M., Z. H. Zhang, J. Song, X. D. Cheng, J. Jiang, and X. B. Jia. 2014. Enhanced bioavailability of apigenin via preparation of a carbon nanopowder solid dispersion. International Journal of Nanomedicine 9:2327–33. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S60938.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• dos Santos, R. C., A. S. Ombredane, J. Souza, A. G. Vasconcelos, A. Plácido, A. Amorim, E. A. Barbosa, F. Lima, C. D. Ropke, M. Alves, et al. 2018. Lycopene-rich extract from red guava (Psidium guajava L.) displays cytotoxic effect against human breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7 via an apoptotic-like pathway. Food Research International (Ottawa, ON) 105:184–96. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.10.045.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dutta, S., and S. Das. 2010. A study of the anti-inflammatory effect of the leaves of Psidium guajava Linn. on experimental animal models. Pharmacognosy Research 2 (5):313. doi: 10.4103/0976-4836.72331.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• EFSA. 2008. Scientific opinion of the panel on scientific panel on dietetic products, nutrition and allergies: Safety of Lycopene oleoresin from tomatoes. The EFSA Journal 675:1–22.
   Google Scholar
• Eidenberger, T., M. Selg, and K. Krennhuber. 2013. Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase activity by flavonol glycosides of guava (Psidium guajava L.): A key to the beneficial effects of guava in type II diabetes mellitus. Fitoterapia 89:74–9. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.05.015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekaluo, U. B., F. A. Erem, I. S. Omeje, E. V. Ikpeme, Y. B. Ibiang, and B. E. Ekanem. 2013. Aqueous leaf extract of guava: A non-toxic male fertility booster. IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology 3 (2):21–3. doi: 10.9790/2402-0322123.
   Google Scholar
• El-Ahmady, S., M. L. Ashour, and M. Wink. 2013. Chemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oils of Psidium guajava fruits and leaves. Journal of Essential Oil Research 25 (6):475–81. doi: 10.1080/10412905.2013.796498.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Etminan, M., B. Takkouche, and F. Caamaño-Isorna. 2004. The role of tomato products and lycopene in the prevention of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 13 (3):340–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Etuk, E. U., and U. U. Francis. 2003. Acute toxicity and efficacy of Psidium guajava leaves water extract on Salmonella typhi infected Wistar rats. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 6 (3):195–7. doi: 10.3923/pjbs.2003.195.197.
   Google Scholar
• Fabricant, D. S., and N. R. Farnsworth. 2001. The value of plants used in traditional medicine for drug discovery. Environmental Health Perspectives 109 (suppl 1):69–75. doi: 10.1289/ehp.01109s169.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faisal, W., C. M. O'Driscoll, and B. T. Griffin. 2010. Bioavailability of lycopene in the rat: The role of intestinal lymphatic transport. The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 62 (3):323–31. doi: 10.1211/jpp.62.03.0006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng, X. H., Z. H. Wang, D. L. Meng, and X. Li. 2015. Cytotoxic and antioxidant constituents from the leaves of Psidium guajava. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 25 (10):2193–8. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.03.058.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flores, G., S. B. Wu, A. Negrin, and E. J. Kennelly. 2015. Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of seven cultivars of guava (Psidium guajava) fruits. Food Chemistry 170:327–35. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.08.076.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fu, H. Z., Y. M. Luo, C. J. Li, J. Z. Yang, and D. M. Zhang. 2010. Psidials A-C, three unusual meroterpenoids from the leaves of Psidium guajava L. Organic Letters 12 (4):656–9. doi: 10.1021/ol9024869.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fu, H., Y. Luo, and D. Zhang. 2009. Studies on chemical constituents of leaves of Psidium guajava. Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi=China Journal of ChineseMateria Medica 34:577–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gajic, M., S. Zaripheh, F. Sun, and J. W. Erdman Jr. 2006. Apo-8'-lycopenal and apo-12'-lycopenal are metabolic products of lycopene in rat liver. The Journal of Nutrition 136 (6):1552–7. doi: 10.1093/jn/136.6.1552.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• García-Solís, P., E. M. Yahia, V. Morales-Tlalpan, and M. Díaz-Muñoz. 2009. Screening of antiproliferative effect of aqueous extracts of plant foods consumed in México on the breast cancer cell line MCF-7. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 60 (sup6):32–46. doi: 10.1080/09637480802312922.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghosh, P., A. Mandal, P. Chakraborty, M. G. Rasul, M. Chakraborty, and A. Saha. 2010. Triterpenoids from Psidium guajava with Biocidal Activity. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 72 (4):504–7. doi: 10.4103/0250-474X.73936.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glade, M. J. 1999. Food, nutrition, and the prevention of cancer: a global perspective. American Institute for Cancer Research/World Cancer Research Fund, American Institute for Cancer Research, 1997. Nutrition 15 (6):523–26. doi:10.1016/s0899-9007(99)00021-0.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• GRAS. 2021. GRAS Notice Inventory-Agency Response Letter GRAS Notice No. GRN 000341. Accessed https://wayback.archive-it.org/7993/20171031012354/https://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/GRAS/NoticeInventory/ucm235935.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Grover, I. S., and S. Bala. 1993. Studies on antimutagenic effect of guava (Psidium guajava) in Salmonella typhimurium. Mutation Research 300 (1):1–3. doi: 10.1016/0165-1218(93)90133-X.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gullett, N. P., A. R. Ruhul Amin, S. Bayraktar, J. M. Pezzuto, D. M. Shin, F. R. Khuri, B. B. Aggarwal, Y. J. Surh, and O. Kucuk. 2010. Cancer prevention with natural compounds. Seminars in Oncology 37 (3):258–81. doi: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2010.06.014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gutiérrez, R. M., S. Mitchell, and R. V. Solis. 2008. Psidium guajava: A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 117 (1):1–27. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.01.025.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hannum, S. M. 2004. Potential impact of strawberries on human health: A review of the science. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 44 (1):1–17. doi: 10.1080/10408690490263756.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harwood, M., B. Danielewska-Nikiel, J. F. Borzelleca, G. W. Flamm, G. M. Williams, and T. C. Lines. 2007. A critical review of the data related to the safety of quercetin and lack of evidence of in vivo toxicity, including lack of genotoxic/carcinogenic properties. Food and Chemical Toxicology: An International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 45 (11):2179–205. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.05.015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hempstock, J., J. P. Kavanagh, and N. J. George. 1998. Growth inhibition of prostate cell lines in vitro by phyto-oestrogens. British Journal of Urology 82 (4):560–3. doi: 10.1046/j.1464-410x.1998.00769.x.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hooijmans, C. R., M. M. Rovers, R. B. de Vries, M. Leenaars, M. Ritskes-Hoitinga, and M. W. Langendam. 2014. SYRCLE's risk of bias tool for animal Studies. BMC Medical Research Methodology 14:43. doi: 10.1186/1471-2288-14-43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsieh, C. L., C. N. Huang, Y. C. Lin, and R. Y. Peng. 2007. Molecular action mechanism against apoptosis by aqueous extract from guava budding leaves elucidated with human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) model. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 55 (21):8523–33. doi: 10.1021/jf071858b.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imai, Y., E. Ishikawa, S. Asada, and Y. Sugimoto. 2005. Estrogen-mediated post transcriptional down-regulation of breast cancer resistance protein/ABCG2. Cancer Research 65 (2):596–604.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaramillo, S., S. Lopez, L. M. Varela, R. Rodriguez-Arcos, A. Jimenez, R. Abia, R. Guillen, and F. J. Muriana. 2010. The flavonol isorhamnetin exhibits cytotoxic effects on human colon cancer cells. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 58 (20):10869–75. doi: 10.1021/jf102669p.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiménez-Escrig, A., M. Rincón, R. Pulido, and F. Saura-Calixto. 2001. Guava fruit (Psidium guajava L.) as a new source of antioxidant dietary fiber. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 49 (11):5489–93. -doi: 10.1021/jf010147p.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jonker, D., C. F. Kuper, N. Fraile, A. Estrella, and C. Rodríguez Otero. 2003. Ninety-day oral toxicity study of lycopene from Blakeslea trispora in rats. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology: RTP 37 (3):396–406. doi: 10.1016/S0273-2300(03)00013-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jordan, M. J., C. A. Margaria, P. E. Shaw, and K. I. Goodner. 2003. Volatile components and aroma active compounds in aqueous essence and fresh pink guava fruit puree (Psidium guajava L.) by GC-MS and multidimensional GC/GC-O. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 51 (5):1421–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joseph, B., and M. Priya. 2010. Preliminary Phytochemicals of Psidium guajava L. Leaf of methanol extract and its cytotoxic study on HeLa cell lines. Inventi Rapid: Ethnopharmacology 1 (2): (ISSN 0976-3805).
   Google Scholar
• Kaileh, M., W. Vanden Berghe, E. Boone, T. Essawi, and G. Haegeman. 2007. Screening of indigenous Palestinian medicinal plants for potential anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 113 (3):510–6. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.07.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katalinić, M., G. Rusak, J. Domaćinović Barović, G. Sinko, D. Jelić, R. Antolović, and Z. Kovarik. 2010. Structural aspects of flavonoids as inhibitors of human butyrylcholinesterase. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 45 (1):186–92. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.09.041.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawakami, Y., T. Nakamura, T. Hosokawa, T. Suzuki-Yamamoto, H. Yamashita, M. Kimoto, H. Tsuji, H. Yoshida, T. Hada, and Y. Takahashi. 2009. Antiproliferative activity of guava leaf extract via inhibition of prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthase isoforms. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Essential Fatty Acids 80 (5–6):239–45. doi: 10.1016/j.plefa.2009.04.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khadhri, A., R. E. Mokni, C. Almeida, J. M. F. Nogueira, and M. E. M. Araújo. 2014. Chemical composition of essential oil of Psidium guajava L. growing in Tunisia. Industrial Crops and Products 52:29–31. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.10.018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, C.,S. K. Cho,S. Kapoor,A. Kumar,S. Vali,T. Abbasi,S.-H. Kim,G. Sethi, andK. S. Ahn. 2014. β-caryophyllene oxide inhibits constitutive and inducible STAT3 signaling pathway through induction of the SHP-1 protein tyrosine phosphatase. Molecular Carcinogenesis 53 (10):793–806. doi:10.1002/mc.22035.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, S. B., and H. R. Park. 2010. Anticancer activity of guava (Psidium guajava L.) branch extracts against HT-29 human colon cancer cells. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 4:891–6.
   Google Scholar
• Levy, A. S., and S. K. Carley. 2012. Cytotoxic activity of hexane extracts of Psidium guajava L (Myrtaceae) and Cassia alata L (Caesalpineaceae) in Kasumi-1 and OV2008 cancer cell lines. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 11 (2):201–7. doi: 10.4314/tjpr.v11i2.5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liberati, A., D. G. Altman, J. Tetzlaff, C. Mulrow, P. C. Gøtzsche, J. P. Ioannidis, M. Clarke, P. J. Devereaux, J. Kleijnen, and D. Moher. 2009. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: Explanation and elaboration. BMJ (Clinical Research ed.) 339:b2700. doi: 10.1136/bmj.b2700.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Y., D. Li, Q. An, H. Ma, Y. Mu, W. Qiao, Z. Zhang, J. Zhang, X. Huang, and L. Li. 2019. New acylated phenolic glycosides with ROS-scavenging activity from Psidium guajava Leaves. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 67 (40):11089–98. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04318.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim, T. K., and K. C. Khoo. 1990. Guava in Malaysia: production, pests, and diseases. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Tropical Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lin, H. C., and J. Y. Lin. 2016. Immune cell-conditioned media suppress prostate cancer PC-3 cell growth correlating with decreased proinflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokine ratios in the media using 5 selected crude polysaccharides. Integrative Cancer Therapies 15 (4):NP13–NP25. doi: 10.1177/1534735415627923.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, H. C., and J. Y. Lin. 2020a. GSF3, a polysaccharide from guava (Psidium guajava L.) seeds, inhibits MCF-7 breast cancer cell growth via increasing Bax/Bcl-2 ratio or Fas mRNA expression levels. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 161:1261–71. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.057.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, H. C., and J. Y. Lin. 2020b. M1 polarization but anti-LPS-induced inflammation and anti-MCF-7 breast cancer cell growth effects of five selected polysaccharides. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020:1–17. doi: 10.1155/2020/9450246.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, H. C., C. C. Chiang, C. H. Lin, C. S. Chen, C. W. Wei, S. Y. Lin, G. T. Yiang, and Y. L. Yu. 2020. Anti-cancer therapeutic benefit of red guava extracts as a potential therapy in combination with doxorubicin or targeted therapy for triple-negative breast cancer cells. International Journal of Medical Sciences 17 (8):1015–22. doi: 10.7150/ijms.40131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, A., N. Pajkovic, Y. Pang, D. Zhu, B. Calamini, A. L. Mesecar, and R. B. van Breemen. 2006. Absorption and subcellular localization of lycopene in human prostate cancer cells. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 5 (11):2879–85. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-06-0373.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Y., J. Xu, D. Li, H. Ma, Y. Mu, X. Huang, and L. Li. 2020. Guavinoside B from Psidium guajava alleviates acetaminophen-induced liver injury via regulating the Nrf2 and JNK signaling pathways. Food & Function 11 (9):8297–308. doi: 10.1039/D0FO01338B.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manach, C., G. Williamson, C. Morand, A. Scalbert, and C. Rémésy. 2005. Bioavailability and bioefficacy of polyphenols in humans. I. Review of 97 bioavailability studies. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 81 (1 Suppl):230S–42S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/81.1.230S.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mandal, S., R. Sarkar, P. Patra, C. K. Nandan, D. Das, S. K. Bhanja, and S. S. Islam. 2009. Structural studies of a heteropolysaccharide (PS-I) isolated from hot water extract of fruits of Psidium guajava (Guava). Carbohydrate Research 344 (11):1365–70. doi: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.05.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manosroi, J., P. Dhumtanom, and A. Manosroi. 2006. Anti-proliferative activity of essential oil extracted from Thai medicinal plants on KB and P388 cell lines. Cancer Letters 235 (1):114–20. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2005.04.021.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mbaveng, A. T., H. T. Manekeng, G. S. Nguenang, J. K. Dzotam, V. Kuete, and T. Efferth. 2018. Cytotoxicity of 18 Cameroonian medicinal plants against drug sensitive and multi-factorial drug resistant cancer cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 222:21–33. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.04.036.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehta, B. K., R. Nigam, V. Nigam, and A. Singh. 2012. Isolation & antimicrobial screening of ten long chain aliphatic compounds from Psidium guajava (leaves). Asian Journal of Plant Science and Research 2:318–22.
   Google Scholar
• Mercadante, A. Z., A. Steck, and H. Pfander. 1999. Carotenoids from guava (Psidium guajava l.): isolation and structure elucidation. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 47 (1):145–51. doi: 10.1021/jf980405r.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metwally, A. M., A. A. Omar, N. M. Ghazy, F. M. Harraz, and S. M. E. Sohafy. 2011. Monograph of Psidium guajava L. leaves. Pharmacognosy Journal 3 (21):89–104. doi: 10.5530/pj.2011.21.17.
   Google Scholar
• Metwally, A. M., A. A. Omar, F. M. Harraz, and S. M. E. Sohafy. 2010. Phytochemical investigation and antimicrobial activity of Psidium guajava L. leaves. Pharmacognosy Magazine 6 (23):212–8. doi: 10.4103/0973-1296.66939.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michael, H. N., J. Y. Salib, and M. S. Ishak. 2002. Acylated flavonol glycoside from Psidium gauijava L. seeds. Die Pharmazie 57 (12):859–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michaud-Levesque, J., N. Bousquet-Gagnon, and R. Béliveau. 2012. Quercetin abrogates IL-6/STAT3 signaling and inhibits glioblastoma cell line growth and migration. Experimental Cell Research 318 (8):925–35. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.02.017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moon, J. H., R. Nakata, S. Oshima, T. Inakuma, and J. Terao. 2000. Accumulation of quercetin conjugates in blood plasma after the short-term ingestion of onion by women. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 279 (2):R461–R467. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.2000.279.2.R461.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morais-Braga, M. F., J. N. Carneiro, A. J. Machado, A. T. Dos Santos, D. L. Sales, L. F. Lima, F. G. Figueredo, and H. D. Coutinho. 2016. Psidium guajava L., from ethnobiology to scientific evaluation: Elucidating bioactivity against pathogenic microorganisms. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 194:1140–52. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.11.017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moreno, M. A., I. C. Zampini, M. Costamagna, J. Sayago, R. M. Ordoñez, and M. I. Isla. 2014. Phytochemical composition and antioxidant capacity of Psidium guajava fresh fruits and flour. Food and Nutrition Sciences 05 (08):725–32. doi: 10.4236/fns.2014.58082.
   Google Scholar
• Morton, J. 1987. Guava. In Fruits of warm climates, ed. F. Julia, 356–63. Miami, FL: Morton. https://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/guava.html.
   Google Scholar
• Murota, K., S. Shimizu, S. Miyamoto, T. Izumi, A. Obata, M. Kikuchi, and J. Terao. 2002. Unique uptake and transport of isoflavone aglycones by human intestinal caco-2 cells: Comparison of isoflavonoids and flavonoids. The Journal of Nutrition 132 (7):1956–61. doi: 10.1093/jn/132.7.1956.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagarajan, J., N. P. Krishnamurthy, R. Nagasundara Ramanan, M. E. Raghunandan, C. M. Galanakis, and C. W. Ooi. 2019. A facile water-induced complexation of lycopene and pectin from pink guava byproduct: Extraction, characterization and kinetic studies. Food Chemistry 296:47–55. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.05.135.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nait Chabane, M., A. Al Ahmad, J. Peluso, C. D. Muller, and G. Ubeaud. 2009. Quercetin and naringenin transport across human intestinal Caco-2 cells. The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 61 (11):1473–83. doi: 10.1211/jpp/61.11.0006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newman, D. J., and G. M. Cragg. 2012. Natural products as sources of new drugs over the 30 years from 1981 to 2010. Journal of Natural Products 75 (3):311–35. doi: 10.1021/np200906s.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Notoya, M., Y. Tsukamoto, H. Nishimura, J. T. Woo, K. Nagai, I. S. Lee, and H. Hagiwara. 2004. Quercetin, a flavonoid, inhibits the proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of osteoblasts in vitro. European Journal of Pharmacology 485 (1-3):89–96. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2003.11.058.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ojewole, J. A., E. O. Awe, and W. D. Chiwororo. 2008. Antidiarrhoeal activity of Psidium guajava Linn.(Myrtaceae) leaf aqueous extract in rodents. Journal of Smooth Muscle Research 44 (6):195–207. doi: 10.1540/jsmr.44.195.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Opute, F. I. 1978. The component fatty acids of Psidium guajava seed fats. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 29 (8):737–8. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.2740290812.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pakpahan, E. L., A. Gabriella, Melisa, M. Wardoyo, and R. Caesaria. 2013. In vitro anticancer activity of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Against HSC-2 human oral cancer cells. Dental Students Research 1:16–20.
   Google Scholar
• Paniandy, J. C., J. C. Ming, and J. C. Pieribattesti. 2000. Chemical composition of the essential oil and headspace solid-phase microextraction of the guava fruit (Psidium guajava L.). Journal of Essential Oil Research 12 (2):153–8. doi: 10.1080/10412905.2000.9699486.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, K.-R.,D. Nam,H.-M. Yun,S.-G. Lee,H.-J. Jang,G. Sethi,S. K. Cho, andK. S. Ahn. 2011. β-Caryophyllene oxide inhibits growth and induces apoptosis through the suppression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR/S6K1 pathways and ROS-mediated MAPKs activation. Cancer Letters 312 (2):178–88. doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2011.08.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peng, C. C., C. H. Peng, K. C. Chen, C. L. Hsieh, and R. Y. Peng. 2011. The aqueous soluble polyphenolic fraction of Psidium guajava leaves exhibits potent anti-angiogenesis and anti-migration actions on DU145 Cells. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine: eCAM 2011:219069. doi: 10.1093/ecam/neq005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pino, J. A., and L. Bent. 2013. Odour-active compounds in guava (Psidium guajava L. cv. Red Suprema). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 93 (12):3114–20. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.6153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prommaban, A., N. Utama-Ang, A. Chaikitwattana, C. Uthaipibull, and S. Srichairatanakool. 2019. Linoleic acid-rich guava seed oil: Safety and bioactivity. Phytotherapy Research: PTR 33 (10):2749–64. doi: 10.1002/ptr.6449.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qin, X. J., H. Yan, W. Ni, M. Y. Yu, A. Khan, H. Liu, H. X. Zhang, L. He, X. J. Hao, Y. T. Di, et al. 2016. Cytotoxic meroterpenoids with rare skeletons from Psidium guajava cultivated in temperate zone. Scientific Reports 6:32748. doi: 10.1038/srep32748.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qin, X. J., Q. Yu, H. Yan, A. Khan, M. Y. Feng, P. P. Li, X. J. Hao, L. K. An, and H. Y. Liu. 2017. Meroterpenoids with antitumor activities from Guava (Psidium guajava). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 65 (24):4993–9. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01762.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao, G. V., M. R. Sahoo, and G. D. Rajesh. 2012. Chemical constituents and biological studies on the leaves of Psidium guajava Linn. Journal of Pharmacy Research 5:1946–8.
   Google Scholar
• Rattanachaikunsopon, P., and P. Phumkhachorn. 2010. Contents and antibacterial activity of flavonoids extracted from leaves of Psidium guajava. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 4:393–6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ravi, K., and P. Divyashree. 2014. Psidium guajava: A review on its potential as an adjunct in treating periodontal disease. Pharmacognosy Reviews 8 (16):96–100. doi: 10.4103/0973-7847.134233.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rizzo, L. Y., G. B. Longato, A. L. Ruiz, S. V. Tinti, A. Possenti, D. B. Vendramini-Costa, A. Sartoratto, G. M. Figueira, F. L. Silva, M. N. Eberlin, et al. 2014. In vitro, in vivo and in silico analysis of the anticancer and estrogen-like activity of guava leaf extracts. Current Medicinal Chemistry 21 (20):2322–30. doi: 10.2174/0929867321666140120120031.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryu, N. H., K. R. Park, S. M. Kim, H. M. Yun, D. Nam, S. G. Lee, H. J. Jang, K. S. Ahn, S. H. Kim, B. S. Shim, et al. 2012. A hexane fraction of guava Leaves (Psidium guajava L.) induces anticancer activity by suppressing AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin/ribosomal p70 S6 kinase in human prostate cancer cells. Journal of Medicinal Food 15 (3):231–41. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2011.1701.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salib, J. Y., and H. N. Michael. 2004. Cytotoxic phenylethanol glycosides from Psidium guaijava seeds. Phytochemistry 65 (14):2091–3. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.06.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sato, R., K. Dang, B. Mcpherson, and A. Brown. 2010. Anticancer activity of guava (Psidium guajava) extracts. Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine 7 (1):43. doi: 10.2202/1553-3840.1361.
   Google Scholar
• Seo, N., T. Ito, N. Wang, X. Yao, Y. Tokura, F. Furukawa, M. Takigawa, and S. Kitanaka. 2005. Anti-allergic Psidium guajava extracts exert an antitumor effect by inhibition of T regulatory cells and resultant augmentation of Th1 cells. Anticancer Research 25:3763–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shao, M., Y. Wang, X. J. Huang, C. L. Fan, Q. W. Zhang, X. Q. Zhang, and W. C. Ye. 2012. Four new triterpenoids from the leaves of Psidium guajava. Journal of Asian Natural Products Research 14 (4):348–54. doi: 10.1080/10286020.2011.653964.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shao, M., Y. Wang, Z. Liu, D. M. Zhang, H. H. Cao, R. W. Jiang, C. L. Fan, X. Q. Zhang, H. R. Chen, X. S. Yao, et al. 2010. Psiguadials A and B, two novel meroterpenoids with unusual skeletons from the Leaves of Psidium guajava. Organic Letters 12 (21):5040–3. doi: 10.1021/ol102179u.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shao, M., Y. Wang, Y. Q. Jian, X. G. Sun, X. J. Huang, X. Q. Zhang, and W. C. Ye. 2014. Chemical constituents of leaves of Psidium guajava. Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi = China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 39 (6):1024–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shekins, O. O., and I. U. Dorathy. 2014. Anti-diarrhoea property of crude aqueous leave extract of red apple Psidium guajava in castor oil-induced diarrhoea in rats. British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 4 (24):2694–701. doi: 10.9734/BJPR/2014/13297.
   Google Scholar
• Shimoi, K., N. Saka, R. Nozawa, M. Sato, I. Amano, T. Nakayama, and N. Kinae. 2001. Deglucuronidation of a flavonoid, luteolin monoglucuronide, during inflammation. Drug Metabolism and Disposition. The Biological Fate of Chemicals 29:1521–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shu, J. C., G. X. Chou, and Z. T. Wang. 2010a. One new galloyl glycoside from fresh leaves of Psidium guajava L. Yao Xue Bao = Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica 45 (3):334–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shu, J. C., G. X. Chou, and Z. T. Wang. 2012. One new diphenylmethane glycoside from the leaves of Psidium guajava L. Natural Product Research 26 (21):1971–5. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2011.633081.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shu, J., G. Chou, and Z. Wang. 2009. Triterpenoid constituents in fruits of Psidum guajava. Zhongguo Zhong Yao za Zhi = Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi = China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 34 (23):3047–50.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shu, J., G. Chou, and Z. Wang. 2010b. Two new benzophenone glycosides from the fruit of Psidium guajava L. Fitoterapia 81 (6):532–5. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2010.01.014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siddique, H. R., and M. Saleem. 2011. Beneficial health effects of lupeol triterpene: A review of preclinical studies. Life Sciences 88 (7-8):285–93. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2010.11.020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, P., S. K. Mishra, S. Noel, S. Sharma, and S. K. Rath. 2012. Acute exposure of apigenin induces hepatotoxicity in Swiss mice. PLoS One 7 (2):e31964. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031964.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinuco, D. C., M. Steinhaus, P. Schieberle, and C. Osorio. 2010. Changes in odour-active compounds of two varieties of Colombian guava (Psidium guajava L.) during ripening. European Food Research and Technology 230 (6):859–64. doi: 10.1007/s00217-010-1232-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soares, F. D., T. Pereira, M. O. M. Marques, and A. R. Monteiro. 2007. Volatile and non-volatile chemical composition of the white guava fruit (Psidium guajava) at different stages of maturity. Food Chemistry 100 (1):15–21. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.07.061.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spagnuolo, C., M. Russo, S. Bilotto, I. Tedesco, B. Laratta, and G. L. Russo. 2012. Dietary polyphenols in cancer prevention: The example of the flavonoid quercetin in leukemia. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1259:95–103. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06599.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinhaus, M., D. Sinuco, J. Polster, C. Osorio, and P. Schieberle. 2008. Characterization of the aroma-active compounds in pink guava (Psidium guajava, L.) by application of the aroma extract dilution analysis. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 56 (11):4120–7. doi: 10.1021/jf8005245.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinhaus, M., D. Sinuco, J. Polster, C. Osorio, and P. Schieberle. 2009. Characterization of the key aroma compounds in pink guava (Psidium guajava L.) by means of aroma re-engineering experiments and omission tests. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 57 (7):2882–8. doi: 10.1021/jf803728n.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sul’ain, M. D., K. E. Zazali, and N. Ahmad. 2012. Screening on antiproliferative activity of Psidium guajava Leaves Extract towards Selected Cancer Cell Lines. Journal of US-China Medical Science 9:30–7.
   Google Scholar
• Suwanmanee, S., T. Kitisin, and N. Luplertlop. 2014. In vitro screening of 10 edible Thai plants for potential antifungal properties. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine: eCAM 2014:138587. doi: 10.1155/2014/138587.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamura, G., C. Gold, A. Ferro-Luzzi, and B. N. Ames. 1980. Fecalase: A model for activation of dietary glycosides to mutagens by intestinal flora. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 77 (8):4961–5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.8.4961.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanaka, T., N. Ishida, M. Ishimatsu, G. Nonaka, and I. Nishioka. 1992. Tannins and Related Compounds. CXVI. Six new complex tannins, guajavins, psidinins and psiguavin from the bark of Psidium guajava L. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 40 (8):2092–8. doi: 10.1248/cpb.40.2092.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang, D., K. Chen, L. Huang, and J. Li. 2017. Pharmacokinetic properties and drug interactions of apigenin, a natural flavone. Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology 13 (3):323–30. doi: 10.1080/17425255.2017.1251903.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teixeira, R. D. O., M. L. Camparoto, M. S. Mantovani, and V. E. P. Vicentini. 2003. Assessment of two medicinal plants, Psidium guajava L. and Achillea millefolium L., in in vitro and in vivo assays. Genetics and Molecular Biology 26 (4):551–5. doi: 10.1590/S1415-47572003000400021.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terao, J., Y. Kawai, and K. Murota. 2008. Vegetable flavonoids and cardiovascular disease. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition 17:291–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TRIDGE. 2020. Guava. Retrieved July 20th, 2020, from https://www.tridge.com/intelligences/guava/production
   Google Scholar
• Uboh, F. E., I. E. Okon, and M. B. Ekong. 2010. Effect of aqueous extract of Psidium guajava leaves on liver enzymes, histological integrity and hematological indices in rats. Gastroenterology Research 3:32.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ukwueze, S. E., P. O. Osadebe, and F. B. C. Okoye. 2015. A new antibacterial benzophenone glycoside from Psidium guajava (Linn.) leaves. Natural Product Research 29 (18):1728–34. doi: 10.1080/14786419.2014.1003188.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• US Forest Service. 2009. Biological control of strawberry Guava in Hawaii. https://web.archive.org/web/20090403112828/http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/programs/ipif/strawberryguava/. Accessed 10 June, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• USDA. 2019. Guavas, common, raw. Accessed July 20, 2020, from https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/173044/nutrients
   Google Scholar
• USDA-ARS. 2021. GRIN Taxonomy for Plants. https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=30200. Accessed 10 June, 2021.
   Google Scholar
• van Breemen, R. B., X. Xu, M. A. Viana, L. Chen, M. Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis, C. Duncan, P. E. Bowen, and R. Sharifi. 2002. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of cis- and all-trans-lycopene in human serum and prostate tissue after dietary supplementation with tomato sauce. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 50 (8):2214–9. doi: 10.1021/jf0110351.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Woude, H., A. Gliszczyńska-Swigło, K. Struijs, A. Smeets, G. M. Alink, and I. M. Rietjens. 2003. Biphasic modulation of cell proliferation by quercetin at concentrations physiologically relevant in humans. Cancer Letters 200 (1):41–7. doi: 10.1016/S0304-3835(03)00412-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vasconcelos, A. G., M. O. Valim, A. Amorim, C. P. do Amaral, M. P. de Almeida, T. Borges, R. Socodato, C. C. Portugal, G. D. Brand, J. Mattos, et al. 2020. Cytotoxic activity of poly-ɛ-caprolactone lipid-core nanocapsules loaded with lycopene-rich extract from red guava (Psidium guajava L.) on breast cancer cells. Food Research International (Ottawa, ON) 136:109548. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109548.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, L., W. Wei, X. Tian, K. Shi, and Z. Wu. 2016. Improving bioactivities of polyphenol extracts from Psidium guajava L. leaves through co-fermentation of Monascus anka GIM 3.592 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae GIM 2.139. Industrial Crops and Products 94:206–15. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.08.043.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, L., Y. Wu, Q. Bei, K. Shi, and Z. Wu. 2017. Fingerprint profiles of flavonoid compounds from different Psidium guajava leaves and their antioxidant activities. Journal of Separation Science 40 (19):3817–29. doi: 10.1002/jssc.201700477.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weli, A., A. A. Kaabi, J. A. Sabahi, S. Said, M. A. Hossain, and S. A. Riyami. 2019. Chemical composition and biological activities of the essential oils of Psidium guajava leaf. Journal of King Saud University - Science 31 (4):993–8. doi: 10.1016/j.jksus.2018.07.021.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woods, D. B., and K. H. Vousden. 2001. Regulation of p53 function. Experimental Cell Research 264 (1):56–66. doi: 10.1006/excr.2000.5141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. 2003. Traditional medicine. Accessed July 20, 2020, from https://web.archive.org/web/20080727053337/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs134/en/
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. 2018. Cancer. Accessed July 20, 2020, from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer
   Google Scholar
• Yadava, U. L. 1997. Guava production in Georgia under cold pressure structure. Accessed September 22, 2020. https://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/proceedings1996/V3-451.html
   Google Scholar
• Yang, X. L., K. L. Hsieh, and J. K. Liu. 2007. Guajadial: An unusual meroterpenoid from guava leaves Psidium guajava. Organic Letters 9 (24):5135–8. doi: 10.1021/ol702537q.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, X. L., K. L. Hsieh, and J. K. Liu. 2008. Diguajadial: A dimer of the meroterpenoid from the leaves of Psidium guajava (Guava). Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 6 (5):333–5. doi: 10.1016/S1875-5364(09)60028-5.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, J., Y. Huang, D. Liu, Y. Gao, and S. Qian. 2013. Preparation of apigenin nanocrystals using supercritical antisolvent process for dissolution and bioavailability enhancement. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences: Official Journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences 48 (4-5):740–7. doi: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.12.026.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, Y. J., J. K. Li, X. Zhang, and J. P. Gao. 2018. [Study on antioxidant activity of flavonoids from leaves of Psidium guajava]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao za Zhi = Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi = China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 43 (4):760–5. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20180104.013.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhao, L., L. Zhang, L. Meng, J. Wang, and G. Zhai. 2013. Design and evaluation of a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system for apigenin. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 39 (5):662–9. doi: 10.3109/03639045.2012.687378.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu, X., W. Ouyang, C. Pan, Z. Gao, Y. Han, M. Song, K. Feng, H. Xiao, and Y. Cao. 2019. Identification of a new benzophenone from Psidium guajava L. leaves and its antineoplastic effects on human colon cancer cells. Food & Function 10 (7):4189–98. doi: 10.1039/c9fo00569b.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zuco, V.,R. Supino,S. C. Righetti,L. Cleris,E. Marchesi,C. Gambacorti-Passerini, andF. Formelli. 2002. Selective cytotoxicity of betulinic acid on tumor cell lines, but not on normal cells. Cancer Letters 175 (1):17–25. doi:10.1016/S0304-3835(01)00718-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar