Feasibility of atmospheric cold plasma for the elimination of food hazards: Recent advances and future trends

References

• Abdul-Malek, Z., U. Roobab, M. A. Munir, A. Naderipour, M. I. Qureshi, A. E. Bekhit, Z. W. Liu, and R. M. Aadil. 2021. Pulsed electric field: A potential alternative towards a sustainable food processing. Trends in Food Science & Technology 111:43–54. doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.02.041.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agriopoulou, S., E. Stamatelopoulou, and T. Varzakas. 2020. Advances in occurrence, importance, and mycotoxin control strategies: Prevention and detoxification in foods. Foods 9 (2):137. doi: 10.3390/foods9020137.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali, M., J. H. Cheng, and D. W. Sun. 2021a. Effect of plasma activated water and buffer solution on fungicide degradation from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit. Food Chemistry 350:129195. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali, M., J. H. Cheng, and D. W. Sun. 2021b. Effects of dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma treatments on degradation of anilazine fungicide and quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) juice. International Journal of Food Science & Technology 56 (1):69–75. doi: 10.1111/ijfs.14600.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alshannaq, A., and J. H. Yu. 2017. Occurrence, toxicity, and analysis of major mycotoxins in food. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14 (6):632. doi: 10.3390/ijerph14060632.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alves Filho, E. G., L. M. A. Silva, F. Oiram Filho, S. Rodrigues, F. A. N. Fernandes, M. I. Gallão, C. P. Mattison, and E. S. de Brito. 2019. Cold plasma processing effect on cashew nuts composition and allergenicity. Food Research International (Ottawa, Ont.) 125:108621. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108621.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bai, Y. H., J. R. Chen, H. Mu, C. H. Zhang, and B. P. Li. 2009. Reduction of dichlorvos and omethoate residues by O2 plasma treatment. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 57 (14):6238–45. doi: 10.1021/jf900995d.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhilwadikar, T., S. Pounraj, S. Manivannan, N. K. Rastogi, and P. S. Negi. 2019. Decontamination of microorganisms and pesticides from fresh fruits and vegetables: A comprehensive review from common household processes to modern techniques. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 18 (4):1003–38. doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.12453.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourke, P., D. Ziuzina, D. Boehm, P. J. Cullen, and K. Keener. 2018. The potential of cold plasma for safe and sustainable food production. Trends in Biotechnology 36 (6):615–26. doi: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.11.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cong, L. X., M. M. Huang, J. H. Zhang, and W. J. Yan. 2021. Effect of dielectric barrier discharge plasma on the degradation of malathion and chlorpyrifos on lettuce. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 101 (2):424–32. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.10651.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa, J., S. L. Bavaro, S. Benedé, A. Diaz-Perales, C. Bueno-Diaz, E. Gelencser, J. Klueber, C. Larré, D. Lozano-Ojalvo, R. Lupi, et al. 2020. Are physicochemical properties shaping the allergenic potency of plant allergens? Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1007/s12016-020-08810-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa, J., C. Villa, K. Verhoeckx, T. Cirkovic Velickovic, D. Schrama, P. Roncada, P. M. Rodrigues, C. Piras, L. Martín-Pedraza,·L. Monaci, et al. 2021. Are physicochemical properties shaping the allergenic potency of animal allergens? Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1007/s12016-020-08826-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devi, Y., R. Thirumdas, C. Sarangapani, R. R. Deshmukh, and U. S. Annapure. 2017. Influence of cold plasma on fungal growth and aflatoxins production on groundnuts. Food Control 77:187–91. doi: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.02.019.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dinakar, C. 2012. Anaphylaxis in children: current understanding and key issues in diagnosis and treatment. Current Allergy and Asthma Reports 12 (6):641–9. doi:10.1007/s11882-012-0284-1. PMID: 22815131
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorraki, N., V. Mahdavi, H. Ghomi, and A. Ghasempour. 2016. Elimination of diazinon insecticide from cucumber surface by atmospheric pressure air-dielectric barrier discharge plasma. Biointerphases 11 (4):041007. doi: 10.1116/1.4971382.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durek, J., O. Schlüter, A. Roscher, P. Durek, and A. Fröhling. 2018. Inhibition or Stimulation of ochratoxin a synthesis on inoculated barley triggered by diffuse coplanar surface barrier discharge plasma. Frontiers in Microbiology 9:2782. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02782.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekezie, F. G. C., J. H. Cheng, and D. W. Sun. 2018. Effects of nonthermal food processing technologies on food allergens: A review of recent research advances. Trends in Food Science & Technology 74:12–25. doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.01.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekezie, F. G. C., D. W. Sun, and J. H. Cheng. 2019. Altering the IgE binding capacity of king prawn (Litopenaeus Vannamei) tropomyosin through conformational changes induced by cold argon-plasma jet. Food Chemistry 300:125143. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feizollahi, E., B. Iqdiam, T. Vasanthan, M. S. Thilakarathna, and M. S. Roopesh. 2020. Effects of atmospheric-pressure cold plasma treatment on deoxynivalenol degradation, quality parameters, and germination of barley grains. Applied Sciences 10 (10):3530. doi: 10.3390/app10103530.
   Google Scholar
• Feizollahi, E., R. S. Mirmahdi, A. Zoghi, R. T. Zijlstra, M. S. Roopesh, and T. Vasanthan. 2021. Review of the beneficial and anti-nutritional qualities of phytic acid, and procedures for removing it from food products. Food Research International (Ottawa, ON) 143:110284. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110284.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng, X. X., X. Ma, H. X. Liu, J. Z. Xie, C. He, and R. Fan. 2019. Argon plasma effects on maize: Pesticide degradation and quality changes. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 99 (12):5491–8. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.9810.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gavahian, M., and P. J. Cullen. 2020. Cold plasma as an emerging technique for mycotoxin-free food: Efficacy, mechanisms, and trends. Food Reviews International 36 (2):193–214. doi: 10.1080/87559129.2019.1630638.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonçalves, B. L., C. F. S. C. Coppa, D. V. de Neeff, C. H. Corassin, and C. A. F. Oliveira. 2019. Mycotoxins in fruits and fruit-based products: Occurrence and methods for decontamination. Toxin Reviews 38 (4):263–72. doi: 10.1080/15569543.2018.1457056.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hajnal, E. J., M. Vukić, L. Pezo, D. Orčić, N. Puač, N. Škoro, A. Milidrag, and D. S. Simović. 2019. Effect of atmospheric cold plasma treatments on reduction of alternaria toxins content in wheat flour. Toxins 11 (12):704. doi: 10.3390/toxins11120704.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He, J., N. M. Evans, H. Z. Liu, Y. Zhu, T. Zhou, and S. Q. Shao. 2021. UV treatment for degradation of chemical contaminants in food: A review. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 20 (2):1857–86. doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.12698.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heo, N. S., M. K. Lee, G. W. Kim, S. J. Lee, J. Y. Park, and T. J. Park. 2014. Microbial inactivation and pesticide removal by remote exposure of atmospheric air plasma in confined environments. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 117 (1):81–5. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2013.06.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hojnik, N., U. Cvelbar, G. Tavčar-Kalcher, J. L. Walsh, and I. Križaj. 2017. Mycotoxin Decontamination of food: Cold atmospheric pressure plasma versus “classic” decontamination. Toxins 9 (5):151. doi: 10.3390/toxins9050151.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hojnik, N., M. Modic, J. L. Walsh, D. Žigon, U. Javornik, J. Plavec, B. Žegura, M. Filipič, and U. Cvelbar. 2021a. Unravelling the pathways of air plasma induced aflatoxin B1 degradation and detoxification. Journal of Hazardous Materials 403:123593. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123593.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hojnik, N., M. Modic, D. Žigon, J. Kovač, A. Jurov, A. Dickenson, Walsh, J. L. and U. Cvelbar. 2021b. Cold atmospheric pressure plasma-assisted removal of aflatoxin B1 from contaminated corn kernels. Plasma Processes and Polymers 18 (1):2000163. doi: 10.1002/ppap.202000163.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, Y. M., Y. H. Bai, X. J. Li, and J. R. Chen. 2013b. Application of dielectric barrier discharge plasma for degradation and pathways of dimethoate in aqueous solution. Separation and Purification Technology 120:191–7. doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2013.10.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, Y. M., Y. H. Bai, H. Yu, C. H. Zhang, and J. R. Chen. 2013a. Degradation of selected organophosphate pesticides in wastewater by dielectric barrier discharge plasma. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 91 (3):314–9. doi: 10.1007/s00128-013-1048-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iqdiam, B. M., E. Feizollahi, M. F. Arif, B. Jeganathan, T. Vasanthan, M. S. Thilakarathna, and M. S. Roopesh. 2021. Reduction of T-2 and HT-2 mycotoxins by atmospheric cold plasma and its impact on quality changes and germination of wheat grains. Journal of Food Science 86 (4):1354–71. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.15658.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iqdiam, B. M., O. Manal, A. Z. Boz, S. M. Marshall, R. Goodrich‐Schneider, C. A. Sims, M. R. Marshall, A. J. MacIntosh, and B. A. Welt. 2020. Effects of atmospheric pressure plasma jet treatment on aflatoxin level, physiochemical quality, and sensory attributes of peanuts. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation 44 (1):e14305. doi: 10.1111/jfpp.14305.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iweala, O. I., S. K. Choudhary, and S. P. Commins. 2018. Food allergy. Current Gastroenterology Reports 20 (5):17. doi: 10.1007/s11894-018-0624-y.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ji, C. G., F. Svensson, A. Zoufir, and A. Bender. 2018. eMolTox: Prediction of molecular toxicity with confidence. Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) 34 (14):2508–9. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty135.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jose, J., and L. Philip. 2019. Degradation of chlorobenzene in aqueous solution by pulsed power plasma: Mechanism and effect of operational parameters. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 7 (6):103476. doi: 10.1016/j.jece.2019.103476.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiš, M., S. Milošević, A. Vulić, Z. Herceg, T. Vukušić, and J. Pleadin. 2020. Efficacy of low pressure DBD plasma in the reduction of T-2 and HT-2 toxin in oat flour. Food Chemistry 316:126372. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126372.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koszucka, A., and A. Nowak. 2019. Thermal processing food-related toxicants: A review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 59 (22):3579–96. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1500440.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langmuir, I. 1928. Oscillations in ionized gases. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 14 (8):627–37. doi: 10.1073/pnas.14.8.627.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Laroussi, M., X. Lu, and M. Keidar. 2017. The physics, diagnostics, and applications of atmospheric pressure low temperature plasma sources used in plasma medicine featured. Journal of Applied Physics 122 (2):020901. doi: 10.1063/1.4993710.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, J. G., Q. S. Xiang, X. F. Liu, T. Ding, X. S. Zhang, Y. F. Zhai, and Y. H. Bai. 2017. Inactivation of soybean trypsin inhibitor by dielectric-barrier discharge (DBD) plasma. Food Chemistry 232:515–22. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.167.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, J., L. Y. Bai, Y. F. Duan, S. L. Zhao, T. F. Huang, Z. K. Luo, and M. Hua. 2020. Continuous generation of HgCl2 by DBD nonthermal plasma. Part I: Influences of the DBD reactor structure and operational parameters. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 59 (30):13396–405. doi: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02466.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Z.W., L.J. Liu, Y.X. Zhou, Y.C. Tan, J.H. Cheng, A. E.D. Bekhit, M. Inam-Ur-Raheem, and R. M. Aadil. 2021b. Dielectric-barrier discharge (DBD) plasma treatment reduces IgG binding capacity of β-lactoglobulin by inducing structural changes. Food Chemistry 358:129821. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129821.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Z. W., D. B. Niu, Y. X. Zhou, J. H. Cheng, A. E. Bekhit, and R. M. Aadil. 2021a. Oxidation induced by dielectric-barrier discharge (DBD) plasma treatment reduces soybean agglutinin activity. Food Chemistry 340:128198. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, C. Q., and S. K. Sathe. 2018. Food allergen epitope mapping. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 66 (28):7238–48. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01967.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu, P., D. Boehm, P. Bourke, and P. J. Cullen. 2017. Achieving reactive species specificity within plasma-activated water through selective generation using air spark and glow discharges. Plasma Processes and Polymers 14 (8):1600207. doi: 10.1002/ppap.201600207.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massima Mouele, E. S., J. O. Tijani, M. Masikini, O. O. Fatoba, C. P. Eze, C. T. Onwordi, M. T. Zar Myint, H. H. Kyaw, J. Al-Sabahi, M. Al-Abri, et al. 2020. Spectroscopic measurements of dissolved O3, H2O2 and OH radicals in double cylindrical dielectric barrier discharge technology: Treatment of methylene blue dye simulated wastewater. Plasma 3 (2):59–91. doi: 10.3390/plasma3020007.
   Google Scholar
• Mayr, A., G. Klambauer, T. Unterthiner, and S. Hochreiter. 2016. DeepTox: Toxicity prediction using deep learning. Frontiers in Environmental Science 3:80. doi: 10.3389/fenvs.2015.00080.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meinlschmidt, P., E. Ueberham, J. Lehmann, K. Reineke, O. Schlüter, U. Schweiggert-Weisz, and P. Eisner. 2016. The effects of pulsed ultraviolet light, cold atmospheric pressure plasma, and gamma-irradiation on the immunoreactivity of soy protein isolate. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies 38 (Part B):374–83. doi: 10.1016/j.ifset.2016.06.007.
   Google Scholar
• Misra, N. N., S. K. Pankaj, T. Walsh, F. O’Regan, P. Bourke, and P. J. Cullen. 2014. In-package nonthermal plasma degradation of pesticides on fresh produce. Journal of Hazardous Materials 271:33–40. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.02.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitrović, T., S. Lazović, B. Nastasijević, I. A. Pašti, V. Vasić, and T. Lazarević-Pašti. 2019. Non-thermal plasma needle as an effective tool in dimethoate removal from water. Journal of Environmental Management 246:63–70. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.05.143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mousavi, S. M., S. Imani, D. Dorranian, K. Larijani, and M. Shojaee. 2016. Effect of cold plasma on degradation of organophosphorus pesticides used on some agricultural products. Journal of Plant Protection Research 57 (1):25–35. doi: 10.1111/jfs.12532.
   Google Scholar
• Moutiq, R., S. K. Pankaj, Z. F. Wan, A. Mendonca, K. Keener, and N. N. Misra. 2020. Atmospheric pressure cold plasma as a potential technology to degrade carbamate residues in water. Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing 40 (5):1291–309. doi: 10.1007/s11090-020-10093-z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Napartovich, A. P. 2001. Overview of atmospheric pressure discharges producing nonthermal plasma. Plasmas and Polymers 6 (1/2):1–14. doi: 10.1023/A:1011313322430.
   Google Scholar
• Nehra, V., A. Kumar, and H. K. Dwivedi. 2008. Atmospheric non-thermal plasma sources. International Journal of Engineering 2 (1):53–68.
   Google Scholar
• Ng, S. W., P. Lu, A. Rulikowska, D. Boehm, G. O’Neill, and P. Bourke. 2021. The effect of atmospheric cold plasma treatment on the antigenic properties of bovine milk casein and whey proteins. Food Chemistry 342:128283. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128283.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicolopoulou-Stamati, P., S. Maipas, C. Kotampasi, P. Stamatis, and L. Hens. 2016. Chemical pesticides and human health: The urgent need for a new concept in agriculture. Frontiers in Public Health 4:148. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2016.00148.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nikmaram, N., and K. A. Rosentrater. 2019. Overview of some recent advances in improving water and energy efficiencies in food processing factories. Frontiers in Nutrition 6:20. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishimwe, K., I. Agbemafle, M. B. Reddy, K. Keener, and D. E. Maier. 2021. Cytotoxicity assessment of aflatoxin B1 after high voltage atmospheric cold plasma treatment. Toxicon 194:17–22. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.02.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nooji, J. K. 2011. Reduction of wheat allergen potency by pulsed ultraviolet light, high hydrostatic pressure. and non-thermal plasma MS thesis., University of Florida, 106.
   Google Scholar
• Ouf, S. A., A. H. Basher, and A. A. H. Mohamed. 2015. Inhibitory effect of double atmospheric pressure argon cold plasma on spores and mycotoxin production of Aspergillus niger contaminating date palm fruits. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 95 (15):3204–10. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.7060.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozkan, A., T. Dufour, A. Bogaerts, and F. Reniers. 2016. How do the barrier thickness and dielectric material influence the filamentary mode and CO2 conversion in a flowing DBD? Plasma Sources Science and Technology 25 (4):045016. doi: 10.1088/0963-0252/25/4/045016.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pankaj, S. K., Z. Wan, and K. M. Keener. 2018. Effects of cold plasma on food quality: A review. Foods 7 (1):4. doi: 10.3390/foods7010004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patil, S., T. Moiseev, N. N. Misra, P. J. Cullen, J. P. Mosnier, K. M. Keener, and P. Bourke. 2014. Influence of high voltage atmospheric cold plasma process parameters and role of relative humidity on inactivation of Bacillus atrophaeus spores inside a sealed package. The Journal of Hospital Infection 88 (3):162–9. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2014.08.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patil, B. S., Q. Wang, V. Hessel, and J. Lang. 2015. Plasma N2-fixation: 1900–2014. Catalysis Today 256 (Part 1):49–66. doi: 10.1016/j.cattod.2015.05.005.
   Google Scholar
• Phan, K. T. K., H. T. Phan, D. Boonyawan, P. Intipunya, C. S. Brennan, J. M. Regenstein, and Y. Phimolsiripol. 2018. Non-thermal plasma for elimination of pesticide residues in mango. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies 48:164–71. doi: 10.1016/j.ifset.2018.06.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pretty, J., and Z. P. Bharucha. 2015. Integrated pest management for sustainable intensification of agriculture in Asia and Africa. Insects 6 (1):152–82. doi: 10.3390/insects6010152.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puligundla, P., T. Lee, and C. Mok. 2020. Effect of corona discharge plasma jet treatment on the degradation of aflatoxin B1 on glass slides and in spiked food commodities. LWT-Food Science and Technology 124:108333. doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108333.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ranjitha Gracy, T. K., V. Gupta, and R. Mahendran. 2019a. Influence of low-pressure nonthermal dielectric barrier discharge plasma on chlorpyrifos reduction in tomatoes. Journal of Food Process Engineering 42 (6):1–16. doi: 10.1111/jfpe.13242.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ranjitha Gracy, T. K., V. Gupta, and R. Mahendran. 2019b. Effect of plasma activated water (PAW) on chlorpyrifos reduction in tomatoes. International Journal of Chemical Studies 7 (3):5000–6.
   Google Scholar
• Ranjitha Gracy, T. K., P. S. Sharanyakanth, and R. Mahendran. 2020. Non-thermal technologies: Solution for hazardous pesticides reduction in fruits and vegetables. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1847029.
   Google Scholar
• Rather, I. A., W. Y. Koh, W. K. Paek, and J. Lim. 2017. The sources of chemical contaminants in food and their health implications. Frontiers in Pharmacology 8:830. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00830.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rezaei, F., P. Vanraes, A. Nikiforov, R. Morent, and N. D. Geyter. 2019. Applications of plasma-liquid systems: A review. Materials 12 (17):2751. doi: 10.3390/ma12172751.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roychaudhuri, R., G. Sarath, M. Zeece, and J. Markwell. 2004. Stability of the allergenic soybean Kunitz trypsin inhibitor. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1699 (1–2):207–12. doi: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2004.02.014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadhu, S., R. Thirumdas, R. R. Deshmukh, and U. S. Annapure. 2017. Influence of cold plasma on the enzymatic activity in germinating mung beans (Vigna radiate). LWT-Food Science and Technology 78:97–104. doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.12.026.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakudo, A., Y. Toyokawa, T. Misawa, and Y. Imanishi. 2017. Degradation and detoxification of aflatoxin B1 using nitrogen gas plasma generated by a static induction thyristor as a pulsed power supply. Food Control 73:619–26. doi: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.09.014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salari, M., G. R. Rakhshandehroo, and M. R. Nikoo. 2018. Multi-objective optimization of ciprofloxacin antibiotic removal from an aqueous phase with grey Taguchi method. Journal of Water and Health 16 (4):530–41. doi: 10.2166/wh.2018.247.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samtiya, M., R. E. Aluko, and T. Dhewa. 2020. Plant food anti-nutritional factors and their reduction strategies: An overview. Food Production, Processing and Nutrition 2 (1):6. doi: 10.1186/s43014-020-0020-5.
   Google Scholar
• Sarangapani, C., Y. Dixit, V. Milosavljevic, P. Bourke, C. Sullivan, and P. J. Cullen. 2017b. Optimization of atmospheric air plasma for degradation of organic dyes in wastewater. Water Science and Technology 75 (1):207–19. doi: 10.2166/wst.2016.471.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarangapani, C., N. N. Misra, V. Milosavljevic, P. Bourke, F. O’Regan, and P. J. Cullen. 2016. Engineering pesticide degradation in water using atmospheric air cold plasma. Journal of Water Process Engineering 9:225–32. doi: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2016.01.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarangapani, C., G. O’Toole, P. J. Cullen, and P. Bourke. 2017a. Atmospheric cold plasma dissipation efficiency of agrochemicals on blueberries. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies 44:235–41. doi: 10.1016/j.ifset.2017.02.012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarangapani, C., L. Scally, M. Gulan, and P. J. Cullen. 2020. Dissipation of pesticide residues on grapes and strawberries using plasma-activated water. Food and Bioprocess Technology 13 (10):1728–41. doi: 10.1007/s11947-020-02515-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sawangrat, C., K. Leksakul, D. Bonyawan, T. Anantana, and S. Jomjunyong. 2019. Decontamination of pesticide residues on tangerine fruit using non-thermal plasma technology. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 347:012048. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/347/1/012048.
   Google Scholar
• Sen, Y., B. Onal-Ulusoy, and M. Mutlu. 2019. Detoxification of hazelnuts by different cold plasmas and gamma irradiation treatments. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies 54:252–9. doi: 10.1016/j.ifset.2019.05.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi, H., B. Cooper, R. L. Stroshine, K. E. Ileleji, and K. M. Keener. 2017a. Structures of degradation products and degradation pathways of aflatoxin B1 by high-voltage atmospheric cold plasma (HVACP) treatment. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 65 (30):6222–30. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01604.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi, H., K.E. Ileleji, R. L. Stroshine, K. M. Keener, and J. L. Jensen. 2017b. Reduction of aflatoxin in corn by high voltage atmospheric cold plasma. Food and Bioprocess Technology 10 (6):1042–52. doi: 10.1007/s11947-017-1873-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi, X. M., J. R. Liu, G. M. Xu, Y. M. Wu, L. G. Gao, X. Y. Li, Y. Yang, and G. J. Zhang. 2018. Effect of low-temperature plasma on the degradation of omethoate residue and quality of apple and spinach. Plasma Science and Technology 20 (4):044004. doi: 10.1088/2058-6272/aa9b78.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shriver, S. K. 2011. Effect of selected nonthermal processing methods on the allergen reactivity of Atlantic white shrimp (Litopenaeus setiferus). MS thesis., University of Florida, 119.
   Google Scholar
• Sicherer, S. H., and H. A. Sampson. 2018. Food allergy: A review and update on epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and management. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 141 (1):41–58. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.11.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siciliano, I., D. Spadaro, A. Prelle, D. Vallauri, M. C. Cavallero, A. Garibaldi, and M. L. Gullino. 2016. Use of cold atmospheric plasma to detoxify hazelnuts from aflatoxins. Toxins 8 (5):125. doi: 10.3390/toxins8050125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, R. K., L. Philip, and S. Ramanujam. 2016. Rapid removal of carbofuran from aqueous solution by pulsed corona discharge treatment: Kinetic study, oxidative, reductive degradation pathway, and toxicity assay. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 55 (26):7201–9. doi: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b01191.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, R. K., L. Philip, and S. Ramanujam. 2017. Removal of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in aqueous solution by pulsed corona discharge treatment: Effect of different water constituents, degradation pathway and toxicity assay. Chemosphere 184:207–14. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tammineedi, C. V. R. K., R. Choudhary, G. C. Perez-Alvarado, and D. G. Watson. 2013. Determining the effect of UV-C, high intensity ultrasound and nonthermal atmospheric plasma treatments on reducing the allergenicity of α-casein and whey proteins. Lwt - Food Science and Technology 54 (1):35–41. doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2013.05.020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ten Bosch, L., K. Pfohl, G. Avramidis, S. Wieneke, W. Viöl, and P. Karlovsky. 2017. Plasma-based degradation of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium, Aspergillus and Alternaria species. Toxins 9 (3):97. doi: 10.3390/toxins9030097.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toyokawa, Y., Y. Yagyu, R. Yamashiro, K. Ninomiya, and A. Sakudo. 2018. Roller conveyer system for the reduction of pesticides using non-thermal gas plasma–A potential food safety control measure? Food Control 87:211–7. doi: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.12.030.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venkataratnam, H., O. Cahill, C. Sarangapani, P. J. Cullen, and C. Barry-Ryan. 2020. Impact of cold plasma processing on major peanut allergens. Scientific Reports 10 (1):17038. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-72636-w.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venkataratnam, H., C. Sarangapani, O. Cahill, and C. Barry-Ryan. 2019. Effect of cold plasma treatment on the antigenicity of peanut allergen Ara h1. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies 52:368–75. doi: 10.1016/j.ifset.2019.02.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verhoeckx, K. C. M., Y. M. Vissers, J. L. Baumert, R. Faludi, M. Feys, S. Flanagan, C. Herouet-Guicheney, T. Holzhauser, R. Shimojo, N. van der Bolt, et al. 2015. Food processing and allergenicity. Food and Chemical Toxicology 80:223–40. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.03.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vojdani, A.. 2015. Lectins, agglutinins, and their roles in autoimmune reactivities. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine 21(Suppl 1):46–51.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang, X. Y., S. H. Wang, Y. Z. Yan, W. J. Wang, L. H. Zhang, and W. Zong. 2020. The degradation of Alternaria mycotoxins by dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma. Food Control 117:107333. doi: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107333.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, F., F. Xie, X. F. Xue, Z. D. Wang, B. Fan, and Y. M. Ha. 2011. Structure elucidation and toxicity analyses of the radiolytic products of aflatoxin B1 in methanol-water solution. Journal of Hazardous Materials 192 (3):1192–202. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.06.027.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wende, K., T. von Woedtke, K. D. Weltmann, and S. Bekeschus. 2018. Chemistry and biochemistry of cold physical plasma derived reactive species in liquids. Biological Chemistry 400 (1):19–38. doi: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0242.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. 2020. Food safety. Accessed July 26, 2021. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/food-safety.
   Google Scholar
• Wielogorska, E., Y. Ahmed, J. Meneely, W. G. Graham, C. T. Elliott, and B. F. Gilmore. 2019. A holistic study to understand the detoxification of mycotoxins in maize and impact on its molecular integrity using cold atmospheric plasma treatment. Food Chemistry 301:125281. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125281.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, Y., J. H. Cheng, and D. W. Sun. 2021. Blocking and degradation of aflatoxins by cold plasma treatments: Applications and mechanisms. Trends in Food Science & Technology 109:647–61. doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.01.053.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiang, Q. S., L. M. Fan, Y. F. Li, S. S. Dong, K. Li, and Y. H. Bai. 2020. A review on recent advances in plasma-activated water for food safety: Current applications and future trends. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1852173.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie, J. Z., H. X. Liu, X. X. Feng, and X. Ma. 2020. Degradation of chlorpyrifos on maie surface by argon plasma. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University 54 (3):113–8 + 178. doi: 10.7652/xjtuxb202003014.(In Chinese with English abstract)
   Google Scholar
• Xue, M. M., T. C. Wang, Q. H. Sun, G. Z. Qu, H. Z. Jia, and L. Y. Zhu. 2021. Insights into the highly efficient detoxification of the biotoxin patulin in water by discharge plasma oxidation. Chemical Engineering Journal 411:128432. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.128432.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yousefi, M., M. A. Mohammadi, M. Z. Khajavi, A. Ehsani, and V. Scholtz. 2021. Application of novel non-thermal physical technologies to degrade mycotoxins. Journal of Fungi 7 (5):395. doi: 10.3390/jof7050395.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Q. Z., Z. Z. Cheng, J. H. Zhang, M. M. Nasiru, Y. B. Wang, and L. L. Fu. 2021. Atmospheric cold plasma treatment of soybean protein isolate: Insights into the structural, physicochemical, and allergenic characteristics. Journal of Food Science 86 (1):68–77. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.15556.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng, Y. P., S. J. Wu, J. Dang, S. F. Wang, Z. X. Liu, J. Fang, P. Han, and J. Zhang. 2019. Reduction of phoxim pesticide residues from grapes by atmospheric pressure non-thermal air plasma activated water. Journal of Hazardous Materials 377:98–105. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.05.058.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou, R. W., R. S. Zhou, F. Yu, D. K. Xi, P. Y. Wang, J. W. Li, X. Q. Wang, X. H. Zhang, K. Bazaka, and K. Ostrikov. 2018. Removal of organophosphorus pesticide residues from Lycium barbarum by gas phase surface discharge plasma. Chemical Engineering Journal 342:401–9. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2018.02.107.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou, R. W., R. S. Zhou, J. X. Zhuang, Z. C. Zong, X. H. Zhang, D. P. Liu, K. Bazaka, and K. Ostrikov. 2016. Interaction of atmospheric-pressure air microplasmas with amino acids as fundamental processes in aqueous solution. PLoS One 11 (5):e0155584. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155584.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar