1,805
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review Articles

Tea combats circadian rhythm disorder syndrome via the gut-liver-brain axis: potential mechanisms speculated

ORCID Icon, & ORCID Icon

References

  • Abarca-Gómez, L., Z. A. Abdeen, Z. A. Hamid, N. M. Abu-Rmeileh, B. Acosta-Cazares, C. Acuin, and C. A. Aguilar-Salinas. 2017. Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: A pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128·9 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet 390 (10113):2627–42. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32129-3.
  • Abolhassani, N., J. Haba-Rubio, R. Heinzer, P. Vollenweider, and P. Marques-Vidal. 2019. Ten-year trend in sleeping pills use in Switzerland: The CoLaus study. Sleep Medicine 64:56–61. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2018.06.022.
  • Agus, A., J. Planchais, and H. Sokol. 2018. Gut microbiota regulation of tryptophan metabolism in health and disease. Cell Host & Microbe 23 (6):716–24. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.05.003.
  • American Diabetes Association. 2017. 12. Children and Adolescents: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2018. Diabetes Care 41 (Suppl_1):S126–S136. doi: 10.2337/dc18-S012.
  • An, K., H. Zhao, Y. Miao, Q. Xu, Y.-F. Li, Y.-Q. Ma, Y.-M. Shi, J.-W. Shen, J.-J. Meng, Y.-G. Yao, et al. 2020. A circadian rhythm-gated subcortical pathway for nighttime-light-induced depressive-like behaviors in mice. Nature Neuroscience 23 (7):869–80. doi: 10.1038/s41593-020-0640-8.
  • Astiz, M., I. Heyde, M. I. Fortmann, V. Bossung, C. Roll, A. Stein, B. Grüttner, W. Göpel, C. Härtel, J. Obleser, et al. 2020. The circadian phase of antenatal glucocorticoid treatment affects the risk of behavioral disorders. Nature Communications 11 (1):3593. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-17429-5.
  • Badruzzaman, M., T. Ikegami, A. K. M. R. Amin, and M. Shahjahan. 2020. Melatonin inhibits reproductive activity through changes of serotonergic activity in the brain of freshwater catfish (Mystus cavasius). Aquaculture 526:735378. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735378.
  • Badshah, H., M. Ikram, W. Ali, S. Ahmad, J. R. Hahm, and M. O. Kim. 2019. Caffeine may abrogate LPS-induced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation by regulating Nrf2/TLR4 in adult mouse brains. Biomolecules 9 (11):719. doi: 10.3390/biom9110719.
  • Bandookwala, M., A. K. Sahu, D. Thakkar, M. Sharma, A. Khairnar, and P. Sengupta. 2019. Edaravone-caffeine combination for the effective management of rotenone induced Parkinson’s disease in rats: An evidence based affirmative from a comparative analysis of behavior and biomarker expression. Neuroscience Letters 711:134438. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134438.
  • Barbalho, S. M., H. Bosso, L. M. Salzedas-Pescinini, and R. de Alvares Goulart. 2019. Green tea: A possibility in the therapeutic approach of inflammatory bowel diseases? Green tea and inflammatory bowel diseases. Complementary Therapies in Medicine 43:148–53. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.01.015.
  • Barbosa Vieira, T. K., M. Jurema da Rocha Leão, L. X. Pereira, L. C. Alves da Silva, B. B. Pereira da Paz, R. J. Santos Ferreira, C. C. Feitoza, A. K. Fernandes Duarte, A. K. Barros Ferreira Rodrigues, A. Cavalcanti de Queiroz, et al. 2021. Correlation between circadian rhythm related genes, type 2 diabetes, and cancer: Insights from metanalysis of transcriptomics data. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 526:111214. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111214.
  • Barca-Mayo, O., M. Pons-Espinal, P. Follert, A. Armirotti, L. Berdondini, and D. De Pietri Tonelli. 2017. Astrocyte deletion of Bmal1 alters daily locomotor activity and cognitive functions via GABA signalling. Nature Communications 8 (1):14336. doi: 10.1038/ncomms14336.
  • Barnea, M., N. Chapnik, Y. Genzer, and O. Froy. 2015. The circadian clock machinery controls adiponectin expression. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 399:284–7. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.10.018.
  • Bellet, M. M., S. Masri, G. Astarita, P. Sassone-Corsi, M. A. Della Fazia, and G. Servillo. 2016. Histone deacetylase SIRT1 controls proliferation, circadian rhythm, and lipid metabolism during liver regeneration in mice. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 291 (44):23318–29. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M116.737114.
  • Bishehsari, F., F. Levi, F. W. Turek, and A. Keshavarzian. 2016. Circadian rhythms in gastrointestinal health and diseases. Gastroenterology 151 (3):e1–e5. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.07.036.
  • Burgess, H., and J. Emens. 2020. Drugs used in circadian sleep-wake rhythm disturbances. Sleep Medicine Clinics 15 (2):301–10. doi: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2020.02.015.
  • Butterworth, R. F. 2013. The liver-brain axis in liver failure: neuroinflammation and encephalopathy. Nature Reviews. Gastroenterology & Hepatology 10 (9):522–8. doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2013.99.
  • Cai, S., H. Yang, B. Wen, K. Zhu, X. Zheng, J. Huang, Y. Wang, Z. Liu, and P. Tu. 2018. Inhibition by microbial metabolites of Chinese dark tea of age-related neurodegenerative disorders in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice. Food & Function 9 (10):5455–62. doi: 10.1039/C8FO01512K.
  • Cai, X., Z. Liu, X. Dong, Y. Wang, L. Zhu, M. Li, and Y. Xu. 2021. Hypoglycemic and lipid lowering effects of theaflavins in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Food & Function 12 (20):9922–31. doi: 10.1039/D1FO01966J.
  • Camicia, F., H. R. Vaca, S.-K. Park, A. E. Bivona, A. Naidich, M. Preza, U. Koziol, A. M. Celentano, J. S. Marchant, and M. C. Rosenzvit. 2021. Characterization of a new type of neuronal 5-HT G- protein coupled receptor in the cestode nervous system. PloS One 16 (11):e0259104. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259104.
  • Carabotti, M., A. Scirocco, M. A. Maselli, and C. Severi. 2015. The gut-brain axis: Interactions between enteric microbiota, central and enteric nervous systems. Annals of Gastroenterology Quarterly Publication of the Hellenic Society of Gastroenterology 28 (2):203–9.
  • Chen, G., M.-L. Tan, K.-K. Li, P.-C. Leung, and C.-H. Ko. 2015. Green tea polyphenols decreases uric acid level through xanthine oxidase and renal urate transporters in hyperuricemic mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 175:14–20. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.043.
  • Chen, G., M. Xie, P. Wan, D. Chen, Z. Dai, H. Ye, B. Hu, X. Zeng, and Z. Liu. 2018. Fuzhuan brick tea polysaccharides attenuate metabolic syndrome in high-fat diet induced mice in association with modulation in the gut microbiota. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 66 (11):2783–95. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00296.
  • Chen, J., E. Pitmon, and K. Wang. 2017. Microbiome, inflammation and colorectal cancer. Seminars in Immunology 32:43–53. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.09.006.
  • Chen, J., M. Thomsen, and L. Vitetta. 2019. Interaction of gut microbiota with dysregulation of bile acids in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and potential therapeutic implications of probiotics. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 120 (3):2713–20. doi: 10.1002/jcb.27635.
  • Chen, L.-M., C.-H. Bao, Y. Wu, S.-H. Liang, D. Wang, L.-Y. Wu, Y. Huang, H.-R. Liu, and H.-G. Wu. 2021. Tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism: A link between the gut and brain for depression in inflammatory bowel disease. Journal of Neuroinflammation 18 (1):135. doi: 10.1186/s12974-021-02175-2.
  • Chen, R., Z. Zuo, Q. Li, H. Wang, N. Li, H. Zhang, X. Yu, and Z. Liu. 2020. DHA substitution overcomes high-fat diet-induced disturbance in the circadian rhythm of lipid metabolism. Food & Function 11 (4):3621–31. doi: 10.1039/C9FO02606A.
  • Chen, X., P. Song, P. Fan, T. He, D. Jacobs, C. L. Levesque, L. J. Johnston, L. Ji, N. Ma, Y. Chen, et al. 2018. Moderate dietary protein restriction optimized gut microbiota and mucosal barrier in growing pig model. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology 8:246. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00246.
  • Cheng, M., X. Zhang, J. Zhu, L. Cheng, J. Cao, Z. Wu, P. Weng, and X. Zheng. 2018. A metagenomics approach to the intestinal microbiome structure and function in high fat diet-induced obesity mice fed with oolong tea polyphenols. Food & Function 9 (2):1079–87. doi: 10.1039/C7FO01570D.
  • Chiang, J. L., D. M. Maahs, K. C. Garvey, K. K. Hood, L. M. Laffel, S. A. Weinzimer, J. I. Wolfsdorf, and D. Schatz. 2018. Type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents: A position statement by the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 41 (9):2026–44. doi: 10.2337/dci18-0023.
  • Clark, I., and H. P. Landolt. 2017. Coffee, caffeine, and sleep: A systematic review of epidemiological studies and randomized controlled trials. Sleep Medicine Reviews 31:70–8. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2016.01.006.
  • Clifford, B. L., L. R. Sedgeman, K. J. Williams, P. Morand, A. Cheng, K. E. Jarrett, A. P. Chan, M. C. Brearley-Sholto, A. Wahlström, J. W. Ashby, et al. 2021. FXR activation protects against NAFLD via bile-acid-dependent reductions in lipid absorption. Cell Metabolism 33 (8):1671–84. e1674. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.06.012.
  • Crnko, S., B. C. Du Pré, J. P. G. Sluijter, and L. W. Van Laake. 2019. Circadian rhythms and the molecular clock in cardiovascular biology and disease. Nature Reviews. Cardiology 16 (7):437–47. doi: 10.1038/s41569-019-0167-4.
  • Cussotto, S., I. Delgado, A. Anesi, S. Dexpert, A. Aubert, C. Beau, D. Forestier, P. Ledaguenel, E. Magne, F. Mattivi, et al. 2020. Tryptophan Metabolic Pathways Are Altered in Obesity and Are Associated With Systemic Inflammation. Frontiers in Immunology 11:557. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00557.
  • D’Mello, C., and M. G. Swain. 2014. Liver-brain interactions in inflammatory liver diseases: implications for fatigue and mood disorders. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 35:9–20. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2013.10.009.
  • da Silva, W., Á. S. Machado, M. A. Souza, P. B. Mello-Carpes, and F. P. Carpes. 2018. Effect of green tea extract supplementation on exercise-induced delayed onset muscle soreness and muscular damage. Physiology & Behavior 194:77–82. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.05.006.
  • Delwing-Dal Magro, D.,. R. Roecker, G. M. Junges, A. F. Rodrigues, D. Delwing-de Lima, J. G. P. da Cruz, A. T. S. Wyse, H. S. Pitz, and A. L. B. Zeni. 2016. Protective effect of green tea extract against proline-induced oxidative damage in the rat kidney. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & Pharmacotherapie 83:1422–7. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.08.057.
  • Di Liberto, V., G. Mudò, and N. Belluardo. 2019. Crosstalk between receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) in the brain: Focus on heteroreceptor complexes and related functional neurotrophic effects. Neuropharmacology 152:67–77. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.11.018.
  • Dong, F., F. Hao, I. A. Murray, P. B. Smith, I. Koo, A. M. Tindall, P. M. Kris-Etherton, K. Gowda, S. G. Amin, A. D. Patterson, et al. 2020. Intestinal microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites are predictive of Ah receptor activity. Gut Microbes 12 (1):1–24. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1788899.
  • Druzd, D.,. O. Matveeva, L. Ince, U. Harrison, W. He, C. Schmal, H. Herzel, A. H. Tsang, N. Kawakami, A. Leliavski, et al. 2017. Lymphocyte circadian clocks control lymph node trafficking and adaptive immune responses. Immunity 46 (1):120–32. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.12.011.
  • Eban-Rothschild, A., W. J. Giardino, and L. de Lecea. 2017. To sleep or not to sleep: Neuronal and ecological insights. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 44:132–8. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.04.010.
  • Ehiri, J. C. 2020. Chapter 26 - The role of tea in sleep improvement and cancer prevention. In Neurological modulation of sleep, eds. R. R. Watson and V. R. Preedy, 245–54. Academic Press.
  • Farooqi, A. A., M. Pinheiro, A. Granja, F. Farabegoli, S. Reis, R. Attar, U. Y. Sabitaliyevich, B. Xu, and A. Ahmad. 2020. EGCG mediated targeting of deregulated signaling pathways and non-coding RNAs in different cancers: Focus on JAK/STAT, Wnt/β-catenin, TGF/SMAD, NOTCH, SHH/GLI, and TRAIL mediated signaling pathways. Cancers 12 (4):951. doi: 10.3390/cancers12040951.
  • Feng, D., T. Liu, Z. Sun, A. Bugge, S. E. Mullican, T. Alenghat, X. S. Liu, and M. A. Lazar. 2011. A circadian rhythm orchestrated by histone deacetylase 3 controls hepatic lipid metabolism. Science (New York, N.Y.) 331 (6022):1315–9. doi: 10.1126/science.1198125.
  • Feng, Z., Y. Li, M. Li, Y. Wang, L. Zhang, X. Wan, and X. Yang. 2019. Tea aroma formation from six model manufacturing processes. Food Chemistry 285:347–54. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.01.174.
  • Fishman, B., E. Grossman, I. Zucker, O. Orr, M. Lutski, A. Bardugo, C. D. Bendor, Y. Leiba, T. Cukierman-Yaffe, E. Derazne, et al. 2021. Adolescent hypertension and risk for early-onset type 2 diabetes: A nationwide study of 1.9 million Israeli adolescents. Diabetes Care 44 (1):e6–e8. doi: 10.2337/dc20-1752.
  • Fonken, L. K., M. G. Frank, M. M. Kitt, R. M. Barrientos, L. R. Watkins, and S. F. Maier. 2015. Microglia inflammatory responses are controlled by an intrinsic circadian clock. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 45:171–9. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.11.009.
  • Frazier, K., and E. B. Chang. 2020. Intersection of the Gut Microbiome and Circadian Rhythms in Metabolism. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism: TEM 31 (1):25–36. doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.08.013.
  • Fu, D., Cui, and Y. Shiyi. 2021. Young people stay up late report. https://36kr.com/p/1501196390857349
  • Fukuda, I., S. Nishiumi, R. Mukai, K-i. Yoshida, and H. Ashida. 2015. Catechins in tea suppress the activity of cytochrome P450 1A1 through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation pathway in rat livers. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 66 (3):300–7. doi: 10.3109/09637486.2014.992007.
  • Galati, G.,. A. Lin, A. M. Sultan, and P. J. O’Brien. 2006. Cellular and in vivo hepatotoxicity caused by green tea phenolic acids and catechins. Free Radical Biology & Medicine 40 (4):570–80. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2005.09.014.
  • Gälman, C., B. Angelin, and M. Rudling. 2005. Bile acid synthesis in humans has a rapid diurnal variation that is asynchronous with cholesterol synthesis. Gastroenterology 129 (5):1445–53. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2005.09.009.
  • Gandhi, A. V., E. A. Mosser, G. Oikonomou, and D. A. Prober. 2015. Melatonin is required for the circadian regulation of sleep. Neuron 85 (6):1193–9. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.02.016.
  • Geagea, A. G., M. Rizzo, A. Eid, I. H. Hussein, and A. Jurjus. 2017. Tea catechins induce crosstalk between signaling pathways and stabilize mast cells in ulcerative colitis. Journal of Biological Regulators & Homeostatic Agents 31 (4):865–77.
  • Gershon, M. D. 2013. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) in the gastrointestinal tract. Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes & Obesity 20 (1):14–21. doi: 10.1097/MED.0b013e32835bc703.
  • Greco, C. M., K. B. Koronowski, J. G. Smith, J. Shi, P. Kunderfranco, R. Carriero, S. Chen, M. Samad, P.-S. Welz, V. M. Zinna, et al. 2021. Integration of feeding behavior by the liver circadian clock reveals network dependency of metabolic rhythms. Science Advances 7 (39):eabi7828. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abi7828.
  • Grubb, S., and M. Lauritzen. 2019. Deep sleep drives brain fluid oscillations. Science (New York, N.Y.) 366 (6465):572–3. doi: 10.1126/science.aaz5191.
  • Gu, M., C. Liu, X. Wan, T. Yang, Y. Chen, J. Zhou, Q. Chen, and Z. Wang. 2018. Epigallocatechin gallate attenuates bladder dysfunction via suppression of oxidative stress in a rat model of partial bladder outlet obstruction. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2018:1393641. doi: 10.1155/2018/1393641.
  • Gui, L., S. Chen, H. Wang, M. Ruan, Y. Liu, N. Li, H. Zhang, and Z. Liu. 2019. ω-3 PUFAs alleviate high-fat diet–induced circadian intestinal microbes dysbiosis. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 63 (22):1900492. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201900492.
  • Guo, T., C.-T. Ho, X. Zhang, J. Cao, H. Wang, X. Shao, D. Pan, and Z. Wu. 2019. Oolong Tea polyphenols ameliorate circadian rhythm of intestinal microbiome and liver clock genes in mouse model. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 67 (43):11969–76. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04869.
  • Guo, T., D. Song, C.-T. Ho, X. Zhang, C. Zhang, J. Cao, and Z. Wu. 2019. Omics analyses of gut microbiota in a circadian rhythm disorder mouse model fed with oolong tea polyphenols. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 67 (32):8847–54. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03000.
  • Gurusamy, M., D. Tischner, J. Shao, S. Klatt, S. Zukunft, R. Bonnavion, S. Günther, K. Siebenbrodt, R.-I. Kestner, T. Kuhlmann, et al. 2021. G-protein-coupled receptor P2Y10 facilitates chemokine-induced CD4 T cell migration through autocrine/paracrine mediators. Nature Communications 12 (1):6798. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-26882-9.
  • Gutierrez-Galve, L., A. Stein, L. Hanington, J. Heron, G. Lewis, C. O’Farrelly, and P. G. Ramchandani. 2019. Association of maternal and paternal depression in the postnatal period with offspring depression at age 18 years. JAMA Psychiatry 76 (3):290–6. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.3667.
  • Hablitz, L. M., V. Plá, M. Giannetto, H. S. Vinitsky, F. F. Staeger, T. Metcalfe, R. Nguyen, A. Benrais, and M. Nedergaard. 2020. Circadian control of brain glymphatic and lymphatic fluid flow. Nature Communications 11 (1):4411. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-18115-2.
  • Han, S., S. S. Han, R. Zhang, R. Jain, H. Shi, L. Zhang, G. Zhou, P. Sangwung, D. Tugal, G. B. Atkins, et al. 2015. Circadian control of bile acid synthesis by a KLF15-Fgf15 axis. Nature Communications 6 (1):7231. doi: 10.1038/ncomms8231.
  • Han, S. G., S.-S. Han, M. Toborek, and B. Hennig. 2012. EGCG protects endothelial cells against PCB 126-induced inflammation through inhibition of AhR and induction of Nrf2-regulated genes. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 261 (2):181–8. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.03.024.
  • Helal, M. G., S. E. Ayoub, W. F. Elkashefand, and T. M. Ibrahim. 2018. Caffeine affects HFD-induced hepatic steatosis by multifactorial intervention. Human & Experimental Toxicology 37 (9):983–90. doi: 10.1177/0960327117747026.
  • Hernandes, P. M., M. F. Batistela, H. H. Vilela-Costa, A. B. Sant’Ana, V. D. Kumpel, M. C. Tirapelle, A. d O. P. Bom, T. G. C. S. de Andrade, and H. Zangrossi. 2021. Role of 5-HT1A receptors in the ventral hippocampus in the regulation of anxiety- and panic-related defensive behaviors in rats. Behavioural Brain Research 408:113296. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113296.
  • Hidese, S., S. Ogawa, M. Ota, I. Ishida, Z. Yasukawa, M. Ozeki, and H. Kunugi. 2019. Effects of L-theanine administration on stress-related symptoms and cognitive functions in healthy adults: A randomized controlled trial. Nutrients 11 (10):2362. doi: 10.3390/nu11102362.
  • Hogenesch, J. B., S. Panda, S. Kay, and J. S. Takahashi. 2003. Circadian transcriptional output in the SCN and liver of the mouse. Novartis Foundation Symposium 253:171–83. doi: 10.1002/0470090839.ch13.
  • Hosny, E. N., H. G. Sawie, M. E. Elhadidy, and Y. A. Khadrawy. 2019. Evaluation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory efficacy of caffeine in rat model of neurotoxicity. Nutritional Neuroscience 22 (11):789–96. doi: 10.1080/1028415X.2018.1446812.
  • Hu, S., Y. Chen, S. Zhao, K. Sun, L. Luo, and L. Zeng. 2021. Ripened Pu-Erh tea improved the enterohepatic circulation in a circadian rhythm disorder mice model. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 69 (45):13533–45. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05338.
  • Hu, S., S. Li, Y. Liu, K. Sun, L. Luo, and L. Zeng. 2021. Aged ripe Pu-erh tea reduced oxidative stress-mediated inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mice by regulating intestinal microbes. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 69 (36):10592–605. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04032.
  • Hu, S., H. Yang, X. Gao, S. Li, W. Jiang, and Y. Liu. 2020. Egg oil FROM Portunus trituberculatus alleviated obesity and regulated gut microbiota in mice. Scientific Reports 10 (1):8454. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-65199-3.
  • Huang, F., X. Zheng, X. Ma, R. Jiang, W. Zhou, S. Zhou, Y. Zhang, S. Lei, S. Wang, J. Kuang, et al. 2019. Theabrownin from Pu-erh tea attenuates hypercholesterolemia via modulation of gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism. Nature Communications 10 (1):4971. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-12896-x.
  • Huang, J., S. Feng, A. Liu, Z. Dai, H. Wang, K. Reuhl, W. Lu, and C. S. Yang. 2018. Green tea polyphenol EGCG alleviates metabolic abnormality and fatty liver by decreasing bile acid and lipid absorption in mice. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 62 (4):1700696. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201700696.
  • Huang, X.-X., S. Xu, L.-J. Yu, Y.-F. Zhou, Y. Zhou, and Z.-H. Liu. 2021. Eurotium cristatum fermented loose dark tea ameliorates cigarette smoke-induced lung injury by MAPK pathway and enhances hepatic metabolic detoxification by PXR/AhR pathway in mice. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2021:6635080. doi: 10.1155/2021/6635080.
  • Izumida, Y., N. Yahagi, Y. Takeuchi, M. Nishi, A. Shikama, A. Takarada, Y. Masuda, M. Kubota, T. Matsuzaka, Y. Nakagawa, et al. 2013. Glycogen shortage during fasting triggers liver-brain-adipose neurocircuitry to facilitate fat utilization. Nature Communications 4 (1):2316. doi: 10.1038/ncomms3316.
  • Jacobi, D., S. Liu, K. Burkewitz, N. Kory, N. H. Knudsen, R. K. Alexander, U. Unluturk, X. Li, X. Kong, A. L. Hyde, et al. 2015. Hepatic Bmal1 regulates rhythmic mitochondrial dynamics and promotes metabolic fitness. Cell Metabolism 22 (4):709–20. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.08.006.
  • Jia, B., D. Park, Y. Hahn, and C. O. Jeon. 2020. Metagenomic analysis of the human microbiome reveals the association between the abundance of gut bile salt hydrolases and host health. Gut Microbes 11 (5):1300–13. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1748261.
  • Jia, C.-M., F.-W. Zhang, S.-J. Wang, W. Wang, and Y. Li. 2021. Tea polyphenols prevent sepsis-induced lung injury via promoting translocation of DJ-1 to mitochondria. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 9:622507–doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.622507.
  • Jin, Y., J. Choi, J. Won, and Y. Hong. 2018. The relationship between autism spectrum disorder and melatonin during fetal development. Molecules 23 (1):198. doi: 10.3390/molecules23010198.
  • Bass, J., and J. S. Takahashi. 2010. Circadian integration of metabolism and energetics. Science (New York, N.Y.) 330 (6009):1349–54. doi: 10.1126/science.1195027.
  • Kahathuduwa, C. N., S. Wakefield, B. D. West, J. Blume, T. L. Dassanayake, V. S. Weerasinghe, and A. Mastergeorge. 2020. Effects of L-theanine-caffeine combination on sustained attention and inhibitory control among children with ADHD: A proof-of-concept neuroimaging RCT. Scientific Reports 10 (1):13072. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-70037-7.
  • Kalaimathi, G., M. S. John, P. G. Casey, S. Fergus, S. A. Joyce, C. Gahan, and M. Makoto. 2016. Unconjugated bile acids influence expression of circadian genes: A potential mechanism for microbe-host crosstalk. PloS One 11 (12):e0167319. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167319.
  • Kalsbeek, A., S. la Fleur, and E. Fliers. 2014. Circadian control of glucose metabolism. Molecular Metabolism 3 (4):372–83. doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2014.03.002.
  • Kang, D., M. Su, Y. Duan, and Y. Huang. 2019. Eurotium cristatum, a potential probiotic fungus from Fuzhuan brick tea, alleviated obesity in mice by modulating gut microbiota. Food & Function 10 (8):5032–45. doi: 10.1039/C9FO00604D.
  • Karapinar, R., J. C. Schwitalla, D. Eickelbeck, J. Pakusch, B. Mücher, M. Grömmke, T. Surdin, T. Knöpfel, M. D. Mark, I. Siveke, et al. 2021. Reverse optogenetics of G protein signaling by zebrafish non-visual opsin Opn7b for synchronization of neuronal networks. Nature Communications 12 (1):4488. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-24718-0.
  • Karin, O., M. Raz, A. Tendler, A. Bar, Y. Korem Kohanim, T. Milo, and U. Alon. 2020. A new model for the HPA axis explains dysregulation of stress hormones on the timescale of weeks. Molecular Systems Biology 16 (7):e9510. doi: 10.15252/msb.20209510.
  • Keller, J., B. Flores, R. G. Gomez, H. B. Solvason, H. Kenna, G. H. Williams, and A. F. Schatzberg. 2006. Cortisol circadian rhythm alterations in psychotic major depression. Biological Psychiatry 60 (3):275–81. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.10.014.
  • Khan, A., M. Ikram, T. Muhammad, J. Park, and M. O. Kim. 2019. Caffeine modulates cadmium-induced oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and cognitive impairments by regulating Nrf-2/HO-1 in vivo and in vitro. Journal of Clinical Medicine 8 (5):680. doi: 10.3390/jcm8050680.
  • Kim, S., K. Jo, K.-B. Hong, S. H. Han, and H. J. Suh. 2019. GABA and l-theanine mixture decreases sleep latency and improves NREM sleep. Pharmaceutical Biology 57 (1):64–72. doi: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1557698.
  • Kim, Y.-C., S. Seok, S. Byun, B. Kong, Y. Zhang, G. Guo, W. Xie, J. Ma, B. Kemper, and J. K. Kemper. 2018. AhR and SHP regulate phosphatidylcholine and S-adenosylmethionine levels in the one-carbon cycle. Nature Communications 9 (1):540. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-03060-y.
  • Klakk, H., P. L. Kristensen, L. B. Andersen, K. Froberg, N. C. Møller, and A. Grøntved. 2018. Symptoms of depression in young adulthood is associated with unfavorable clinical- and behavioral cardiovascular disease risk factors. Preventive Medicine Reports 11:209–15. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.05.017.
  • Klose, C. S. N., and H. Veiga-Fernandes. 2021. Neuroimmune interactions in peripheral tissues. European Journal of Immunology 51 (7):1602–14. doi: 10.1002/eji.202048812.
  • Ko, C., and J. Takahashi. 2006. Molecular components of the mammalian circadian clock. Human Molecular Genetics 15 Spec No 2:R271–277. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddl207.
  • Konturek, P., T. Brzozowski, and S. Konturek. 2011. Gut clock: Implication of circadian rhythms in the gastrointestinal tract. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology : An Official Journal of the Polish Physiological Society 62 (2):139–50.
  • Koronowski, K. B., K. Kinouchi, P.-S. Welz, J. G. Smith, V. M. Zinna, J. Shi, M. Samad, S. Chen, C. N. Magnan, J. M. Kinchen, et al. 2019. Defining the independence of the liver circadian clock. Cell 177 (6):1448–62.e1414. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.04.025.
  • Kuwahara, A., K. Matsuda, Y. Kuwahara, S. Asano, T. Inui, and Y. Marunaka. 2020. Microbiota-gut-brain axis: Enteroendocrine cells and the enteric nervous system form an interface between the microbiota and the central nervous system. Biomedical Research 41 (5):199–216. doi: 10.2220/biomedres.41.199.
  • Kwon, E.-Y., S.-K. Shin, and M.-S. Choi. 2018. Ursolic acid attenuates hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, and insulin resistance by modulating the circadian rhythm pathway in diet-induced obese mice. Nutrients 10 (11):1719. doi: 10.3390/nu10111719.
  • Kwon, S.-H., J.-K. Han, M. Choi, Y.-J. Kwon, S. J. Kim, E. H. Yi, J.-C. Shin, I.-H. Cho, B.-H. Kim, S. Jeong Kim, et al. 2017. Dysfunction of microglial STAT3 alleviates depressive behavior via neuron–microglia interactions. Neuropsychopharmacology: Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology 42 (10):2072–86. doi: 10.1038/npp.2017.93.
  • Lamas, B., L. Hernandez-Galan, H. J. Galipeau, M. Constante, A. Clarizio, J. Jury, N. M. Breyner, A. Caminero, G. Rueda, C. L. Hayes, et al. 2020. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand production by the gut microbiota is decreased in celiac disease leading to intestinal inflammation. Science Translational Medicine 12 (566) eaba0624. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aba0624.
  • Lande, M. B., and J. C. Kupferman. 2019. Blood pressure and cognitive function in children and adolescents. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex.: 1979) 73 (3):532–40. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.11686
  • Larabi, A., N. Barnich, and H. T. T. Nguyen. 2020. New insights into the interplay between autophagy, gut microbiota and inflammatory responses in IBD. Autophagy 16 (1):38–14. doi: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1635384
  • Lawrence, J. M., G. Imperatore, D. Dabelea, E. J. Mayer-Davis, B. Linder, S. Saydah, G. J. Klingensmith, L. Dolan, D. A. Standiford, C. Pihoker, et al. 2014. Trends in Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes Among Non-Hispanic White Youth in the U.S., 2002–2009. Diabetes 63 (11):3938–45., doi: 10.2337/db13-1891.
  • Lemmer, B. 2007. The sleep-wake cycle and sleeping pills. Physiology & Behavior 90 (2-3):285–93. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.09.006.
  • Leone, V., S. M. Gibbons, K. Martinez, A. L. Hutchison, E. Y. Huang, C. M. Cham, J. F. Pierre, A. F. Heneghan, A. Nadimpalli, N. Hubert, et al. 2015. Effects of diurnal variation of gut microbes and high-fat feeding on host circadian clock function and metabolism. Cell Host & Microbe 17 (5):681–9. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2015.03.006
  • Li, G., W. Lin, J. J. Araya, T. Chen, B. N. Timmermann, and G. L. Guo. 2012. A tea catechin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, is a unique modulator of the farnesoid X receptor. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 258 (2):268–74. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.11.006.
  • Li, H., Q. Fang, Q. Nie, J. Hu, C. Yang, T. Huang, H. Li, and S. Nie. 2020. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic mechanism of tea polysaccharides on type 2 diabetic rats via gut microbiota and metabolism alteration. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 68 (37):10015–28. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01968.
  • Li, X-j, X-y. You, C-y. Wang, X-l. Li, Y-y. Sheng, P-w. Zhuang, and Y-j. Zhang. 2020. Bidirectional brain-gut-microbiota axis in increased intestinal permeability induced by central nervous system injury. CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics 26 (8):783–90. doi: 10.1111/cns.13401.
  • Li, Y., L. Shen, and H. Luo. 2016. Luteolin ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice possibly through activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway. International Immunopharmacology 40:24–31. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.08.020
  • Li, Y., Y. Tian, W. Cai, Q. Wang, Y. Chang, Y. Sun, P. Dong, and J. Wang. 2021. Novel ι-carrageenan tetrasaccharide alleviates liver lipid accumulation via the bile acid–FXR–SHP/PXR pathway to regulate cholesterol conversion and fatty acid metabolism in insulin-resistant mice. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 69 (34):9813–21. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04035.
  • Liang, Q., L. Zhong, J. Zhang, Y. Wang, S. R. Bornstein, C. R. Triggle, H. Ding, K. S. L. Lam, and A. Xu. 2014. FGF21 maintains glucose homeostasis by mediating the cross talk between liver and brain during prolonged fasting. Diabetes 63 (12):4064–75. doi:10.2337/db14-0541
  • Liang, X., F. D. Bushman, and G. A. Fitzgerald. 2015. Rhythmicity of the intestinal microbiota is regulated by gender and the host circadian clock. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 112 (33):10479–84. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1501305112.
  • Lin, Y.-C., and P.-C. Chen. 2015. Persistent rotating shift work exposure is a tough second hit contributing to abnormal liver function among on-site workers having sonographic fatty liver. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health 27 (2):NP1765–NP1774. doi:10.1177/1010539512469248
  • Liu, C., S. Li, T. Liu, J. Borjigin, and J. D. Lin. 2007. Transcriptional coactivator PGC-1alpha integrates the mammalian clock and energy metabolism. Nature 447 (7143):477–81. doi:10.1038/nature05767
  • Liu, D., J. Wang, H. Zeng, F. Zhou, B. Wen, X. Zhang, Y. Luo, W. Wu, J. Huang, and Z. Liu. 2022. The metabolic regulation of Fuzhuan brick tea in the high-fat diet-induced obese mice and the potential contribution of gut microbiota. Food & Function 13 (1):356–74. doi:10.1039/D1FO02181H
  • Liu, Q., Y. Xi, Q. Wang, J. Liu, P. Li, X. Meng, K. Liu, W. Chen, X. Liu, and Z. Liu. 2021. Mannan oligosaccharide attenuates cognitive and behavioral disorders in the 5xFAD Alzheimer’s disease mouse model via regulating the gut microbiota-brain axis. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 95:330–43. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.04.005
  • Liu, Y., L. Luo, Y. Luo, J. Zhang, X. Wang, K. Sun, and L. Zeng. 2020. Prebiotic properties of green and dark tea contribute to protective effects in chemical-induced colitis in mice: A fecal microbiota transplantation study. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 68 (23):6368–80. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02336
  • Liu, Y., Y. Luo, X. Wang, L. Luo, K. Sun, and L. Zeng. 2020. Gut microbiome and metabolome response of Pu-erh tea on metabolism disorder induced by chronic alcohol consumption. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 68 (24):6615–27. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01947
  • Liu, Y., D. Sanderson, M. F. Mian, K.-A. McVey Neufeld, and P. Forsythe. 2021. Loss of vagal integrity disrupts immune components of the microbiota-gut-brain axis and inhibits the effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus on behavior and the corticosterone stress response. Neuropharmacology 195:108682. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108682
  • Lopez, D. E. G., L. M. Lashinger, G. M. Weinstock, and M. S. Bray. 2021. Circadian rhythms and the gut microbiome synchronize the host’s metabolic response to diet. Cell Metabolism 33 (5):873–87. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2021.03.015
  • Lu, Y., J. Chen, T. Xian, Y. Zhou, W. Yuan, M. Wang, Y. Gan, K. Wang, S. Xiong, C. Ma, et al. 2018. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate suppresses differentiation of adipocytes via regulating the phosphorylation of FOXO1 mediated by PI3K-AKT signaling in 3T3-L1 cells. Oncotarget 9 (7):7411–23. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.23590
  • Ma, H., B. Zhang, Y. Hu, J. Wang, J. Liu, R. Qin, S. Lv, and S. Wang. 2019. Correlation analysis of intestinal redox state with the gut microbiota reveals the positive intervention of tea polyphenols on hyperlipidemia in high fat diet fed mice. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 67 (26):7325–35. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02211
  • Ma, N., T. He, L. J. Johnston, and X. Ma. 2020. Host-microbiome interactions: the aryl hydrocarbon receptor as a critical node in tryptophan metabolites to brain signaling. Gut Microbes 11 (5):1203–19. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1758008.
  • Magalhães, V. D. S., T. D. A. Jost, H. M. Pasqual, A. L. G. Becker, L. M. Marques, M. Manica, and A. P. P. Vartha. 2020. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and associated risk factors in health care professionals in a community hospital in Brazil. Revista brasileira de medicina do trabalho: Publicacao oficial da. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Do Trabalho 18 (04):449–56. doi: 10.47626/1679-4435-2020-582.
  • MahmoudianDehkordi, S., M. Arnold, K. Nho, S. Ahmad, W. Jia, G. Xie, G. Louie, A. Kueider-Paisley, M. A. Moseley, J. W. Thompson, et al. 2019. Altered bile acid profile associates with cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease-An emerging role for gut microbiome. Alzheimer’s & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer’s Association 15 (1):76–92. doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.07.217.
  • Marcheva, B., K. M. Ramsey, E. D. Buhr, Y. Kobayashi, H. Su, C. H. Ko, G. Ivanova, C. Omura, S. Mo, M. H. Vitaterna, et al. 2010. Disruption of the clock components CLOCK and BMAL1 leads to hypoinsulinemia and diabetes. Nature 466 (7306):627–31. doi: 10.1038/nature09253.
  • Martens, E. C., M. Neumann, and M. S. Desai. 2018. Interactions of commensal and pathogenic microorganisms with the intestinal mucosal barrier. Nature Reviews. Microbiology 16 (8):457–70. doi: 10.1038/s41579-018-0036-x
  • Massink, A., T. Amelia, A. Karamychev, and A. P. Ijzerman. 2020. Allosteric modulation of G protein-coupled receptors by amiloride and its derivatives. Perspectives for drug discovery? Medicinal Research Reviews 40 (2):683–708. doi: 10.1002/med.21633.
  • Mayer, E. A., K. Tillisch, and A. Gupta. 2015. Gut/brain axis and the microbiota. Journal of Clinical Investigation 125 (3):926–38. doi: 10.1172/JCI76304.
  • McNiece, K. L., T. S. Poffenbarger, J. L. Turner, K. D. Franco, J. M. Sorof, and R. J. Portman. 2007. Prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension among adolescents. The Journal of Pediatrics 150 (6):640–4.e641. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.01.052.
  • Mi, Y., G. Qi, R. Fan, X. Ji, Z. Liu, and X. Liu. 2017. EGCG ameliorates diet-induced metabolic syndrome associating with the circadian clock. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease 1863 (6):1575–89. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.04.009.
  • Mi, Y., G. Qi, Y. Gao, R. Li, Y. Wang, X. Li, S. Huang, and X. Liu. 2017. (-)Epigallocatechin-3-gallate ameliorates insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction in HepG2 cells: Involvement of Bmal1. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 61 (12):1700440. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201700440.
  • Miranda-Anaya, M.,. M. Pérez-Mendoza, C. R. Juárez-Tapia, and A. Carmona-Castro. 2019. The volcano mouse Neotomodon alstoni of central Mexico, a biological model in the study of breeding, obesity and circadian rhythms. General and Comparative Endocrinology 273:61–6. doi: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.04.024.
  • MobTech. 2021. China’s “late sleepers” population insight report 2021. https://www.mob.com/mobdata/report/131
  • Modoux, M.,. N. Rolhion, S. Mani, and H. Sokol. 2021. Tryptophan metabolism as a pharmacological target. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 42 (1):60–73. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2020.11.006
  • Mohawk, J., C. Green, and J. Takahashi. 2012. Central and peripheral circadian clocks in mammals. Annual Review of Neuroscience 35:445–62. doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-060909-153128
  • Mukherji, A., S. M. Bailey, B. Staels, and T. F. Baumert. 2019. The circadian clock and liver function in health and disease. Journal of Hepatology 71 (1):200–11. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.03.020.
  • Nair, A., M. A. Morsy, and S. Jacob. 2018. Dose translation between laboratory animals and human in preclinical and clinical phases of drug development. Drug Development Research 79 (8):373–82. doi: 10.1002/ddr.21461.
  • Nair, A. B., and S. Jacob. 2016. A simple practice guide for dose conversion between animals and human. Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy 7 (2):27–31. doi:10.4103/0976-0105.177703
  • Nakanishi, H., J. Ni, S. Nonaka, and Y. Hayashi. 2021. Microglial circadian clock regulation of microglial structural complexity, dendritic spine density and inflammatory response. Neurochemistry International 142:104905. doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104905.
  • Vilches, N., C. Spichiger, N. Mendez, L. Abarzua-Catalan, H. A. Galdames, D. G. Hazlerigg, H. G. Richter, and C. Torres-Farfan. 2014. Gestational chronodisruption impairs hippocampal expression of NMDA receptor subunits Grin1b/Grin3a and spatial memory in the adult offspring. PloS One 9 (3):e91313. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091313.
  • Nikbakhtian, S., A. B. Reed, B. D. Obika, D. Morelli, A. C. Cunningham, M. Aral, and D. Plans. 2021. Accelerometer-derived sleep onset timing and cardiovascular disease incidence: A UK Biobank cohort study. European Heart Journal - Digital Health 2 (4):658–66. doi: 10.1093/ehjdh/ztab088.
  • Novakova, M., M. Sladek, and A. Sumova. 2010. Exposure of pregnant rats to restricted feeding schedule synchronizes the SCN clocks of their fetuses under constant light but not under a light-dark regime. Journal of Biological Rhythms 25 (5):350–60. doi: 10.1177/0748730410377967.
  • O’Neil, D. S., C. J. Stewart, D. M. Chu, D. M. Goodspeed, P. J. Gonzalez-Rodriguez, C. D. Shope, and K. M. Aagaard. 2017. Conditional postnatal deletion of the neonatal murine hepatic circadian gene, Npas2, alters the gut microbiome following restricted feeding. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 217 (2):218.e211–218.e215. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.03.024.
  • Ogawa, K., S. Hirose, S. Nagaoka, and E. Yanase. 2016. Interaction between tea polyphenols and bile acid inhibits micellar cholesterol solubility. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 64 (1):204–9. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05088.
  • Onishi, S., M. Ishino, H. Kitazawa, A. Yoto, Y. Shimba, Y. Mochizuki, K. Unno, S. Meguro, I. Tokimitsu, and S. Miura. 2018. Green tea extracts ameliorate high-fat diet-induced muscle atrophy in senescence-accelerated mouse prone-8 mice . PloS One 13 (4):e0195753. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195753.
  • Oram, R. A., K. Patel, A. Hill, B. Shields, T. J. McDonald, A. Jones, A. T. Hattersley, and M. N. Weedon. 2016. A type 1 diabetes genetic risk score can aid discrimination between type 1 and type 2 diabetes in young adults. Diabetes Care 39 (3):337–44. doi: 10.2337/dc15-1111.
  • Oxenkrug, G., M. van der Hart, J. Roeser, and P. Summergrad. 2017. Peripheral tryptophan: kynurenine metabolism associated with metabolic syndrome is different in Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Journal 1 (4). http://researchopenworld.com/wpcontent/uploads/2017/11/EDMJ-2017-113-Gregory-F-Oxenkrug-USA.pdf
  • Pácha, J., and A. Sumová. 2013. Circadian regulation of epithelial functions in the intestine. Acta Physiologica (Oxford, England) 208 (1):11–24. doi: 10.1111/apha.12090.
  • Pagoto, S. L., B. Spring, D. Mcchargue, B. Hitsman, M. Smith, B. Appelhans, and D. Hedeker. 2009. Acute tryptophan depletion and sweet food consumption by overweight adults. Eating Behaviors 10 (1):36–41. doi: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2008.10.010.
  • Platten, M., E. A. A. Nollen, U. F. Röhrig, F. Fallarino, and C. A. Opitz. 2019. Tryptophan metabolism as a common therapeutic target in cancer, neurodegeneration and beyond. Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery 18 (5):379–401. doi: 10.1038/s41573-019-0016-5.
  • Powell, D. J. H., R. Moss-Morris, C. Liossi, and W. Schlotz. 2015. Circadian cortisol and fatigue severity in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 56:120–31. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.03.010.
  • Pratt Charlotte, A., S. Arteaga, and C. Loria. 2014. Forging a Future of Better Cardiovascular health: addressing childhood obesity. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 63 (4):369–71. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.07.088.
  • Pusceddu, M. M., M. Barboza, C. E. Keogh, M. Schneider, P. Stokes, J. A. Sladek, H. J. D. Kim, C. Torres-Fuentes, L. R. Goldfild, S. E. Gillis, et al. 2019. Nod-like receptors are critical for gut-brain axis signalling in mice. The Journal of Physiology 597 (24):5777–97. doi: 10.1113/JP278640.
  • Qi, G., Y. Mi, R. Fan, B. Zhao, B. Ren, and X. Liu. 2017. Tea polyphenols ameliorates neural redox imbalance and mitochondrial dysfunction via mechanisms linking the key circadian regular Bmal1. Food and Chemical Toxicology: An International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 110:189–99. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.10.031.
  • Qi, G., Y. Mi, Z. Liu, R. Fan, Q. Qiao, Y. Sun, B. Ren, and X. Liu. 2017. Dietary tea polyphenols ameliorate metabolic syndrome and memory impairment via circadian clock related mechanisms. Journal of Functional Foods 34:168–80. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.04.031.
  • Qi, G., Y. Mi, Y. Wang, R. Li, S. Huang, X. Li, and X. Liu. 2017. Neuroprotective action of tea polyphenols on oxidative stress-induced apoptosis through the activation of the TrkB/CREB/BDNF pathway and Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway in SH-SY5Y cells and mice brain. Food & Function 8 (12):4421–32. doi: 10.1039/C7FO00991G.
  • Qi, L., W. Dai, J. Kong, Y. Tian, and Y. Chen. 2021. Cholecystectomy as a risk factor for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: Unveiling the metabolic and chronobiologic clues behind the bile acid enterohepatic circulation. Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry 77 (4):497–510. doi: 10.1007/s13105-020-00782-w.
  • Qiu, P., J. Jiang, Z. Liu, Y. Cai, T. Huang, Y. Wang, Q. Liu, Y. Nie, F. Liu, J. Cheng, et al. 2019. BMAL1 knockout macaque monkeys display reduced sleep and psychiatric disorders. National Science Review 6 (1):87–100. doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwz002.
  • Rahman, S. U., Y. Huang, L. Zhu, X. Chu, S. A. Junejo, Y. Zhang, I. M. Khan, Y. Li, S. Feng, J. Wu, et al. 2020. Tea polyphenols attenuate liver inflammation by modulating obesity-related genes and down-regulating COX-2 and iNOS expression in high fat-fed dogs. BMC Veterinary Research 16 (1):234. doi: 10.1186/s12917-020-02448-7.
  • Rahman, S. U., Y. Li, Y. Huang, L. Zhu, S. Feng, J. Wu, and X. Wang. 2018. Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease via green tea polyphenols: Possible application and protective approaches. Inflammopharmacology 26 (2):319–30. doi: 10.1007/s10787-018-0462-4.
  • Rawangkan, A., P. Wongsirisin, K. Namiki, K. Iida, Y. Kobayashi, Y. Shimizu, H. Fujiki, and M. Suganuma. 2018. Green tea catechin is an alternative immune checkpoint inhibitor that inhibits PD-L1 expression and lung tumor growth. Molecules 23 (8):2071. doi: 10.3390/molecules23082071.
  • Reddy, A. B., N. A. Karp, E. S. Maywood, E. A. Sage, M. Deery, J. S. O’Neill, G. K. Y. Wong, J. Chesham, M. Odell, K. S. Lilley, et al. 2006. Circadian orchestration of the hepatic proteome. Current Biology: CB 16 (11):1107–15. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2006.04.026.
  • Ribeiro, I. M. R., and V. R. Antunes. 2018. The role of insulin at brain-liver axis in the control of glucose production. American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 315 (4):G538–G543. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00290.2017.
  • Rothhammer, V., D. M. Borucki, E. C. Tjon, M. C. Takenaka, C.-C. Chao, A. Ardura-Fabregat, K. A. de Lima, C. Gutiérrez-Vázquez, P. Hewson, O. Staszewski, et al. 2018. Microglial control of astrocytes in response to microbial metabolites. Nature 557 (7707):724–8. doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0119-x.
  • Sahar, S.,. V. Nin, M. T. Barbosa, E. N. Chini, and P. Sassone-Corsi. 2011. Altered behavioral and metabolic circadian rhythms in mice with disrupted NAD + oscillation. Aging 3 (8):794–802. doi: 10.18632/aging.100368.
  • Saran, A. R., S. Dave, and A. Zarrinpar. 2020. Circadian rhythms in the pathogenesis and treatment of fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology 158 (7):1948–66.e1. 941. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.01.050.
  • Schimidt, H. L., A. Garcia, A. Martins, P. B. Mello-Carpes, and F. P. Carpes. 2017. Green tea supplementation produces better neuroprotective effects than red and black tea in Alzheimer-like rat model. Food Research International (Ottawa, Ont.) 100 (Pt 1):442–8. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.07.026.
  • Segers, A., L. Desmet, T. Thijs, K. Verbeke, J. Tack, and I. Depoortere. 2019. The circadian clock regulates the diurnal levels of microbial short-chain fatty acids and their rhythmic effects on colon contractility in mice. Acta Physiologica (Oxford, England) 225 (3):e13193. doi: 10.1111/apha.13193.
  • Seow, W. J., W.-P. Koh, A. Jin, R. Wang, and J.-M. Yuan. 2020. Associations between tea and coffee beverage consumption and the risk of lung cancer in the Singaporean Chinese population. European Journal of Nutrition 59 (7):3083–91. doi: 10.1007/s00394-019-02146-7.
  • Seyedabadi, M., M. H. Ghahremani, and P. R. Albert. 2019. Biased signaling of G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs): Molecular determinants of GPCR/transducer selectivity and therapeutic potential. Pharmacology & Therapeutics 200:148–78. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.05.006.
  • Sharpton, S. R., B. Schnabl, R. Knight, and R. Loomba. 2021. Current concepts, opportunities, and challenges of gut microbiome-based personalized medicine in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Cell Metabolism 33 (1):21–32. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.11.010.
  • Smarr, B. L., A. D. Grant, L. Perez, I. Zucker, and L. J. Kriegsfeld. 2017. Maternal and early-life circadian disruption have long-lasting negative consequences on offspring development and adult behavior in mice. Scientific Reports 7 (1):3326. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-03406-4.
  • Sobolewska-Włodarczyk, A., M. Włodarczyk, J. Szemraj, K. Stec-Michalska, J. Fichna, and M. Wiśniewska-Jarosińska. 2016. Circadian rhythm abnormalities: Association with the course of inflammatory bowel disease. Pharmacological Reports: PR 68 (4):847–51. doi: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.04.007.
  • Sochocka, M., B. S. Diniz, and J. Leszek. 2017. Inflammatory response in the CNS: Friend or foe? Molecular Neurobiology 54 (10):8071–89. doi: 10.1007/s12035-016-0297-1.
  • Song, D., J. Ge, Y. Wang, Q. Yan, C. Wu, H. Yu, M. Yang, H. Yang, and J. Zou. 2021. Tea polyphenol attenuates oxidative stress-induced degeneration of intervertebral discs by regulating the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2021:6684147. doi: 10.1155/2021/6684147.
  • Song, D., C.-T. Ho, X. Zhang, Z. Wu, and J. Cao. 2020. Modulatory effect of Cyclocarya paliurus flavonoids on the intestinal microbiota and liver clock genes of circadian rhythm disorder mice model. Food Research International (Ottawa, Ont.) 138 (Pt A):109769. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109769.
  • Straub, R. H. 2017. The brain and immune system prompt energy shortage in chronic inflammation and ageing. Nature Reviews. Rheumatology 13 (12):743–51. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2017.172.
  • Sun, L., H. Xu, J. Ye, and N. W. Gaikwad. 2019. Comparative effect of black, green, oolong, and white tea intake on weight gain and bile acid metabolism. Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) 65:208–15. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.02.006.
  • Sur, S.,. D. Pal, R. Roy, A. Barua, A. Roy, P. Saha, and C. K. Panda. 2016. Tea polyphenols EGCG and TF restrict tongue and liver carcinogenesis simultaneously induced by N-nitrosodiethylamine in mice. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 300:34–46. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.03.016.
  • Suzuki, T., M. Pervin, S. Goto, M. Isemura, and Y. Nakamura. 2016. Beneficial effects of tea and the green tea catechin epigallocatechin-3-gallate on obesity. Molecules 21 (10):1305. doi: 10.3390/molecules21101305.
  • Tahara, Y., H. Kuroda, K. Saito, Y. Nakajima, Y. Kubo, N. Ohnishi, Y. Seo, M. Otsuka, Y. Fuse, Y. Ohura, et al. 2012. In vivo monitoring of peripheral circadian clocks in the mouse. Current Biology : CB 22 (11):1029–34. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2012.04.009.
  • Tahara, Y., M. Yamazaki, H. Sukigara, H. Motohashi, H. Sasaki, H. Miyakawa, A. Haraguchi, Y. Ikeda, S. Fukuda, and S. Shibata. 2018. Gut microbiota-derived short chain fatty acids induce circadian clock entrainment in mouse peripheral tissue. Scientific Reports 8 (1):1395. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-19836-7.
  • Tan, J., U. H. Engelhardt, Z. Lin, N. Kaiser, and B. Maiwald. 2017. Flavonoids, phenolic acids, alkaloids and theanine in different types of authentic Chinese white tea samples. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 57:8–15. doi: 10.1016/j.jfca.2016.12.011.
  • Tan, J. K., C. McKenzie, E. Mariño, L. Macia, and C. R. Mackay. 2017. Metabolite-sensing G protein-coupled receptors-facilitators of diet-related immune regulation . Annual Review of Immunology 35:371–402. doi: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-051116-052235.
  • Tan, X., J. Ye, W. Liu, B. Zhao, X. Shi, C. Zhang, Z. Liu, and X. Liu. 2019. Acrylamide aggravates cognitive deficits at night period via the gut-brain axis by reprogramming the brain circadian clock. Archives of Toxicology 93 (2):467–86. doi: 10.1007/s00204-018-2340-7.
  • Tang, G.-Y., X. Meng, R.-Y. Gan, C.-N. Zhao, Q. Liu, Y.-B. Feng, S. Li, X.-L. Wei, A. G. Atanasov, H. Corke, et al. 2019. Health functions and related molecular mechanisms of tea components: An update review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20 (24):6196. doi: 10.3390/ijms20246196.
  • Tang, G., Y. Xu, C. Zhang, N. Wang, H. Li, and Y. Feng. 2021. Green tea and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) for the management of nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD): Insights into the role of oxidative stress and antioxidant mechanism. Antioxidants 10 (7):1076. doi: 10.3390/antiox10071076.
  • Teichman, E. M., K. J. O’Riordan, C. G. M. Gahan, T. G. Dinan, and J. F. Cryan. 2020. When rhythms meet the blues: Circadian interactions with the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Cell Metabolism 31 (3):448–71. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.02.008.
  • Teixeira, A. A. S., L. A. Biondo, L. S. Silveira, E. A. Lima, H. A. Batatinha, T. A. Diniz, C. Oliveira De Souza, J. Comin, and J. C. R. Neto. 2020. Doxorubicin modulated clock genes and cytokines in macrophages extracted from tumor-bearing mice. Cancer Biology & Therapy 21 (4):344–53. doi: 10.1080/15384047.2019.1702400.
  • Teratani, T.,. Y. Mikami, N. Nakamoto, T. Suzuki, Y. Harada, K. Okabayashi, Y. Hagihara, N. Taniki, K. Kohno, S. Shibata, et al. 2020. The liver-brain-gut neural arc maintains the Treg cell niche in the gut. Nature 585 (7826):591–6. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2425-3.
  • Thaiss, C. A., D. Zeevi, M. Levy, G. Zilberman-Schapira, J. Suez, A. C. Tengeler, L. Abramson, M. N. Katz, T. Korem, N. Zmora, et al. 2014. Transkingdom control of microbiota diurnal oscillations promotes metabolic homeostasis. Cell 159 (3):514–29. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.09.048.
  • Tian, J., C. Geiss, K. Zarse, C. T. Madreiter-Sokolowski, and M. Ristow. 2021. Green tea catechins EGCG and ECG enhance the fitness and lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans by complex I inhibition. Aging 13 (19):22629–48. doi: 10.18632/aging.203597.
  • Tomonori, N., K. Yumiko, S. Satoko, M. Shinichi, H. Tadashi, T. Yukitaka, and T. Ichiro. 2005. Ingestion of a tea rich in catechins leads to a reduction in body fat and malondialdehyde-modified LDL in men. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 81 (1):122–9. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/81.1.122.
  • Török, N., M. Tanaka, and L. Vécsei. 2020. Searching for peripheral biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases: The tryptophan-kynurenine metabolic pathway. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21 (24):9338. doi: 10.3390/ijms21249338.
  • Torres-Farfan, C., N. Mendez, D. Halabi, C. Spichiger, E. R. Salazar, K. Vergara, and H. G. Richter. 2017. Gestational chronodisruption impairs circadian physiology in rat male offspring, increasing the risk of chronic disease. Placenta 51:103. doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.01.023.
  • Tóth, A. D., G. Turu, L. Hunyady, and A. Balla. 2018. Novel mechanisms of G-protein-coupled receptors functions: AT1 angiotensin receptor acts as a signaling hub and focal point of receptor cross-talk. Best Practice & Research. Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 32 (2):69–82. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2018.02.003.
  • Tripathi, A., J. Debelius, D. A. Brenner, M. Karin, R. Loomba, B. Schnabl, and R. Knight. 2018. The gut-liver axis and the intersection with the microbiome. Nature Reviews. Gastroenterology & Hepatology 15 (7):397–411. doi: 10.1038/s41575-018-0011-z.
  • Tsai, W.-H., C.-H. Wu, H.-J. Yu, and C.-T. Chien. 2017. l-Theanine inhibits proinflammatory PKC/ERK/ICAM-1/IL-33 signaling, apoptosis, and autophagy formation in substance P-induced hyperactive bladder in rats. Neurourology and Urodynamics 36 (2):297–307. doi: 10.1002/nau.22965.
  • Unno, K., A. Sumiyoshi, T. Konishi, M. Hayashi, K. Taguchi, Y. Muguruma, K. Inoue, K. Iguchi, H. Nonaka, R. Kawashima, et al. 2020. Theanine, the main amino acid in tea, prevents stress-induced brain atrophy by modifying early stress responses. Nutrients 12 (1):174. doi: 10.3390/nu12010174.
  • Vaccaro, A., A. R. Issa, L. Seugnet, S. Birman, and A. Klarsfeld. 2017. Drosophila clock is required in brain pacemaker neurons to prevent premature locomotor aging independently of its circadian function. PLoS Genetics 13 (1):e1006507. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006507.
  • Vega, N., C. Pinteur, G. Buffelan, E. Loizon, H. Vidal, D. Naville, and B. Le Magueresse-Battistoni. 2021. Exposure to pollutants altered glucocorticoid signaling and clock gene expression in female mice. Evidence of tissue- and sex-specificity. Chemosphere 262:127841. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127841.
  • Versteeg, R. I., M. J. Serlie, A. Kalsbeek, and S. E. la Fleur. 2015. Serotonin, a possible intermediate between disturbed circadian rhythms and metabolic disease. Neuroscience 301:155–67. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.05.067.
  • Wang, D., R. Xiao, X. Hu, K. Xu, Y. Hou, Y. Zhong, J. Meng, B. Fan, and L. Liu. 2010. Comparative safety evaluation of Chinese Pu-erh green tea extract and Pu-erh black tea extract in wistar rats. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 58 (2):1350–8. doi: 10.1021/jf902171h.
  • Wang, D., M. Zhang, T. Wang, M. Cai, F. Qian, Y. Sun, and Y. Wang. 2019. Green tea polyphenols prevent lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory liver injury in mice by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Food & Function 10 (7):3898–908. doi: 10.1039/C9FO00572B.
  • Wang, J., L. Tang, H. Zhou, J. Zhou, T. C. Glenn, C.-L. Shen, and J.-S. Wang. 2018. Long-term treatment with green tea polyphenols modifies the gut microbiome of female sprague-dawley rats. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 56:55–64. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.01.005.
  • Wang, J., Z. Wang, B. Li, Y. Qiang, T. Yuan, X. Tan, Z. Wang, Z. Liu, and X. Liu. 2019. Lycopene attenuates western-diet-induced cognitive deficits via improving glycolipid metabolism dysfunction and inflammatory responses in gut-liver-brain axis. International Journal of Obesity (2005) 43 (9):1735–46. doi: 10.1038/s41366-018-0277-9.
  • Wang, J., Q. Zou, Y. Suo, X. Tan, T. Yuan, Z. Liu, and X. Liu. 2019. Lycopene ameliorates systemic inflammation-induced synaptic dysfunction via improving insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction in the liver-brain axis. Food & Function 10 (4):2125–37. doi: 10.1039/c8fo02460j.
  • Wang, L., B. Ren, Y. Hui, C. Chu, Z. Zhao, Y. Zhang, B. Zhao, R. Shi, J. Ren, X. Dai, et al. 2020. Methionine restriction regulates cognitive function in high-fat diet-fed mice: Roles of diurnal rhythms of SCFAs producing- and inflammation-related microbes. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 64 (17):2000190. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.202000190.
  • Wang, P., X. Gao, F. Zhao, Y. Gao, K. Wang, J.-S. Tian, Z. Li, and X.-M. Qin. 2021. Study of the neurotransmitter changes adjusted by circadian rhythm in depression based on liver transcriptomics and correlation analysis. ACS Chemical Neuroscience 12 (12):2151–66. doi: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00115.
  • Wang, Q., M. L. Robinette, C. Billon, P. L. Collins, J. K. Bando, J. L. Fachi, C. Sécca, S. I. Porter, A. Saini, S. Gilfillan, et al. 2019. Circadian rhythm-dependent and circadian rhythm-independent impacts of the molecular clock on type 3 innate lymphoid cells. Science Immunology 4 (40):eaay7501. doi: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aay7501.
  • Wang, R., M. Xiao, Y. Zhang, C.-T. Ho, X. Wan, D. Li, and Z. Xie. 2019. RNA-sequencing analysis reveals l-theanine regulating transcriptional rhythm alteration in vascular smooth muscle cells induced by dexamethasone. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 67 (19):5413–22. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05057.
  • Wang, R., Z. Yang, J. Zhang, J. Mu, X. Zhou, and X. Zhao. 2019. Liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride in mice is prevented by the antioxidant capacity of anji white tea polyphenols. Antioxidants 8 (3):64. doi: 10.3390/antiox8030064.
  • Wang, S., Y. Lin, X. Yuan, F. Li, L. Guo, and B. Wu. 2018. REV-ERBα integrates colon clock with experimental colitis through regulation of NF-κB/NLRP3 axis. Nature Communications 9 (1):4246. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-06568-5.
  • Wang, Y., M. Li, X. Xu, M. Song, H. Tao, and Y. Bai. 2012. Green tea epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) promotes neural progenitor cell proliferation and sonic hedgehog pathway activation during adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 56 (8):1292–303. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201200035.
  • Weaver, J. 2012. Rhythmic changes in gene activation power the circadian clock. PLoS Biology 10 (11):e1001443. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001443.
  • Weger, B. D., C. Gobet, F. P. A. David, F. Atger, E. Martin, N. E. Phillips, A. Charpagne, M. Weger, F. Naef, and F. Gachon. 2021. Systematic analysis of differential rhythmic liver gene expression mediated by the circadian clock and feeding rhythms. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118 (3):e2015803118. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2015803118.
  • Weissová, K., J. Škrabalová, K. Skálová, K. Červená, Z. Bendová, E. Miletínová, J. Kopřivová, K. Šonka, D. Dudysová, A. Bartoš, et al. 2018. Circadian rhythms of melatonin and peripheral clock gene expression in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder. Sleep Medicine 52:1–6. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2018.07.019.
  • Wen, S., D. Ma, M. Zhao, L. Xie, Q. Wu, L. Gou, C. Zhu, Y. Fan, H. Wang, and J. Yan. 2020. Spatiotemporal single-cell analysis of gene expression in the mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus. Nature Neuroscience 23 (3):456–67. doi: 10.1038/s41593-020-0586-x.
  • Wu, C.-C., Y.-T. Tung, S.-Y. Chen, W.-T. Lee, H.-T. Lin, and G.-C. Yen. 2020. Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and microbiota-modulating effects of camellia oil from Camellia brevistyla on acetic acid-induced colitis in rats. Antioxidants 9 (1):58. doi: 10.3390/antiox9010058.
  • Wu, E., T. Zhang, C. Tan, C. Peng, Y. Chisti, Q. Wang, and J. Gong. 2020. Theabrownin from Pu-erh tea together with swinging exercise synergistically ameliorates obesity and insulin resistance in rats. European Journal of Nutrition 59 (5):1937–50. doi: 10.1007/s00394-019-02044-y.
  • Wu, J., X. Zhou, Z. Dou, T. Wu, R. Liu, W. Sui, and M. Zhang. 2021. Different molecular weight black garlic melanoidins alleviate high fat diet induced circadian intestinal microbes dysbiosis. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 69 (10):3069–81. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07723.
  • Wu, L., J. Feng, J. Li, Q. Yu, J. Ji, J. Wu, W. Dai, and C. Guo. 2021. The gut microbiome-bile acid axis in hepatocarcinogenesis. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & Pharmacotherapie 133:111036. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111036.
  • Wu, Z., S. Huang, T. Li, N. Li, D. Han, B. Zhang, Z. Z. Xu, S. Zhang, J. Pang, S. Wang, et al. 2021. Gut microbiota from green tea polyphenol-dosed mice improves intestinal epithelial homeostasis and ameliorates experimental colitis. Microbiome 9 (1):184. doi: 10.1186/s40168-021-01115-9.
  • Wu, Z., J. Teng, L. Huang, N. Xia, and B. Wei. 2015. Stability, antioxidant activity and in vitro bile acid-binding of green, black and dark tea polyphenols during simulated in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. RSC Advances 5 (112):92089–95. doi: 10.1039/C5RA18784B.
  • Xia, X.,. X. Wang, H. Wang, Z. Lin, K. Shao, J. Xu, and Y. Zhao. 2021. Ameliorative effect of white tea from 50-year-old tree of Camellia sinensis L. (Theaceae) on kidney damage in diabetic mice via SIRT1/AMPK pathway. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 272:113919. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113919.
  • Yan, R., K. Wang, Q. Wang, H. Jiang, Y. Lu, X. Chen, H. Zhang, X. Su, Y. Du, L. Chen, et al. 2022. Probiotic Lactobacillus casei Shirota prevents acute liver injury by reshaping the gut microbiota to alleviate excessive inflammation and metabolic disorders. Microbial Biotechnology 15 (1):247–61. doi: 10.1111/1751-7915.13750.
  • Yan, R., C. S. Yang, and X. Zhang. 2021. Maintain host health with time-restricted eating and phytochemicals: A review based on gut microbiome and circadian rhythm. Trends in Food Science & Technology 108:258–68. doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.01.007.
  • Yang, C., Y. Fujita, Q. Ren, M. Ma, C. Dong, and K. Hashimoto. 2017. Bifidobacterium in the gut microbiota confer resilience to chronic social defeat stress in mice. Scientific Reports 7:45942. doi: 10.1038/srep45942.
  • Yang, W., D. Ren, Y. Zhao, L. Liu, and X. Yang. 2021. Fuzhuan brick tea polysaccharide improved ulcerative colitis in association with gut microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolism. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 69 (30):8448–59. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02774.
  • Yang, X., M. Downes, R. T. Yu, A. L. Bookout, W. He, M. Straume, D. J. Mangelsdorf, and R. M. Evans. 2006. Nuclear receptor expression links the circadian clock to metabolism. Cell 126 (4):801–10. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2006.06.050.
  • Yang, Y., and J. Zhang. 2020. Bile acid metabolism and circadian rhythms. American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 319 (5):G549–G563. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00152.2020.
  • Yılmaz, C., F. Özdemir, and V. Gökmen. 2020. Investigation of free amino acids, bioactive and neuroactive compounds in different types of tea and effect of black tea processing. LWT 117:108655. doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108655.
  • Yu, Z., J. Yang, D. Xiang, G. Li, D. Liu, and C. Zhang. 2020. Circadian rhythms and bile acid homeostasis: A comprehensive review. Chronobiology International 37 (5):618–28. doi: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1733590.
  • Yuan, E., X. Duan, L. Xiang, J. Ren, X. Lai, Q. Li, L. Sun, and S. Sun. 2018. Aged Oolong Tea Reduces High-Fat Diet-Induced Fat Accumulation and Dyslipidemia by Regulating the AMPK/ACC Signaling Pathway. Nutrients 10 (2):187. doi: 10.3390/nu10020187.
  • Yun, S., E. J. Lee, H. K. Choe, G. H. Son, K. Kim, and S. Chung. 2020. Programming effects of maternal stress on the circadian system of adult offspring. Experimental & Molecular Medicine 52 (3):473–84. doi: 10.1038/s12276-020-0398-9.
  • Zeb, F., X. Wu, L. Chen, S. Fatima, I.-U. Haq, A. Chen, F. Majeed, Q. Feng, and M. Li. 2020. Effect of time-restricted feeding on metabolic risk and circadian rhythm associated with gut microbiome in healthy males. The British Journal of Nutrition 123 (11):1216–26. doi: 10.1017/S0007114519003428.
  • Zeitzer, J. M., J. F. Duffy, S. W. Lockley, D. J. Dijk, and C. A. Czeisler. 2007. Plasma melatonin rhythms in young and older humans during sleep, sleep deprivation, and wake. Sleep 30 (11):1437–43. doi: 10.1093/sleep/30.11.1437.
  • Zhai, X., D. Ren, Y. Luo, Y. Hu, and X. Yang. 2017. Chemical characteristics of an Ilex Kuding tea polysaccharide and its protective effects against high fructose-induced liver injury and vascular endothelial dysfunction in mice. Food & Function 8 (7):2536–47. doi: 10.1039/C7FO00490G.
  • Zhan, G., N. Yang, S. Li, N. Huang, X. Fang, J. Zhang, B. Zhu, L. Yang, C. Yang, and A. Luo. 2018. Abnormal gut microbiota composition contributes to cognitive dysfunction in SAMP8 mice. Aging 10 (6):1257–67. doi: 10.18632/aging.101464.
  • Zhang, L., R. Yan, and Z. Wu. 2020. Metagenomics analysis of intestinal flora modulatory effect of green tea polyphenols by a circadian rhythm dysfunction mouse model. Journal of Food Biochemistry 44 (10):e13430. doi: 10.1111/jfbc.13430.
  • Zhang, S., J. Takano, N. Murayama, M. Tominaga, T. Abe, I. Park, J. Seol, A. Ishihara, Y. Tanaka, K. Yajima, et al. 2020. Subacute ingestion of caffeine and Oolong Tea increases fat oxidation without affecting energy expenditure and sleep architecture: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded cross-over trial. Nutrients 12 (12):3671. doi: 10.3390/nu12123671.
  • Zhang, Y., L. Cheng, Y. Liu, R. Zhang, Z. Wu, K. Cheng, and X. Zhang. 2022. Omics analyses of intestinal microbiota and hypothalamus clock genes in circadian disturbance model mice fed with green tea polyphenols. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 70 (6):1890–1901. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07594.
  • Zhang, Y., M. Tong, B. Wang, Z. Shi, P. Wang, L. Li, Y. Ning, and T. Lu. 2021. Geographic, gender, and seasonal variation of diabetes: A nationwide study with 1.4 million participants. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 106 (12):e4981–e4992. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgab543.
  • Zheng, J.-L., S.-S. Yuan, C.-W. Wu, Z.-M. Lv, and A.-Y. Zhu. 2017. Circadian time-dependent antioxidant and inflammatory responses to acute cadmium exposure in the brain of zebrafish. Aquatic Toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 182:113–9. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.11.017.
  • Zheng, Z.,. H. Kim, Y. Qiu, X. Chen, R. Mendez, A. Dandekar, X. Zhang, C. Zhang, A. C. Liu, L. Yin, et al. 2016. CREBH couples circadian clock with hepatic lipid metabolism. Diabetes 65 (11):3369–83. doi: 10.2337/db16-0298.
  • Zhong, X., J. Yu, K. Frazier, X. Weng, Y. Li, C. M. Cham, K. Dolan, X. Zhu, N. Hubert, Y. Tao, et al. 2018. Circadian clock regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism by modulation of m6A mRNA methylation. Cell Reports 25 (7):1816–28. e1814. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.068.
  • Zhu, H., D. Song, and X. Zhao. 2021. Potential applications and preliminary mechanism of action of dietary polyphenols against hyperuricemia: A review. Food Bioscience 43:101297. doi: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101297.
  • Zoubovsky, S. P., S. Hoseus, S. Tumukuntala, J. O. Schulkin, M. T. Williams, C. V. Vorhees, and L. J. Muglia. 2020. Chronic psychosocial stress during pregnancy affects maternal behavior and neuroendocrine function and modulates hypothalamic CRH and nuclear steroid receptor expression. Translational Psychiatry 10 (1):6. doi: 10.1038/s41398-020-0704-2.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.