References
- Adams , G. M. and deVries , H. A. 1973 . Physiological effects of an exercise training regimen upon women aged 52–79 . J. Gerontol. , 28 : 50
- Abraham , S. , Carroll , M. D. , Dresser , C. M. and Johnson , C. L. 1979 . “ Dietary Intake Source Data, U.S., 1971–1974 ” . Public Health Service 79–1221 Hyattsville, MD : U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare .
- Ahrens , E. H. Jr. 1976 . The management of hyperlipidemia: whether rather than how . Ann. Intern. Med. , 85 : 87
- Ahrens , E. H. Jr. 1985 . The diet heart question in 1985. Has it really been settled? . Lancet , 1 : 1085
- Albanese , A. A. 1980 . Nutrition for the Elderly , New York : Alan R. Liss .
- Albanese , A. A. , Higgons , R. A. , Otto , L. A. and Zavattaro , D. N. 1957 . Protein and amino acid needs of the aged in health and convalescence . Geriatrics , 12 : 465
- American Diabetes Association . 1987 . Nutritional recommendations and principles for individuals with diabetes mellitus . Diabetes Care , 10 : 126
- Anderson , J. W. and Chen , W. C. 1983 . “ Legumes and their soluble fiber: effect on cholesterol rich lipoproteins ” . In Unconventional Sources of Dietary Fiber , Symp. Ser. Edited by: Furda , I. 49 Washington, D.C. : American Chemical Society .
- Anderson , J. and Ward , K. 1978 . Long term effects of high‐carbohydrate, high‐fiber diets on glucose and lipid metabolism: a preliminary report on patients with diabetes . Diabetes Care , 1 : 77
- Andres , R. 1971 . Aging and diabetes . Med. Clin. North Am. , 55 : 835
- Andres , R. and Tobin , J. D. 1975 . Aging and the disposition of glucose . Adv. Exp. Biol. Med. , 61 : 239
- Andres , R. and Tobin , J. D. 1977 . “ Endocrine systems ” . In Handbook of the Biology of Aging , Edited by: Finch , C. E. and Hayflick , L. 357 New York : Van Nostrand‐Reinhold .
- Armbrecht , H. J. , Prendergast , J. M. and Coe , R. M. 1984 . “ Changes in calcium and vitamin D metabolism with age ” . In Nutritional Intervention in the Aging Process , Edited by: Ambrecht , H. J. , Prendergast , J. M. and Coe , R. M. 69 New York : Springer‐Verlag .
- Baker , H. , Frank , O. , Thind , I. , Jaslow , S. and Louria , O. 1979 . Vitamin profiles in elderly persons living at home or in nursing homes versus profiles in healthy young subjects . J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. , 27 : 444
- Baker , M. R. , Peacock , M. and Nordin , B. E. C. 1980 . The decline in vitamin D status with age . Age Aging. , 9 : 249
- Beynen , A. C. and Katan , M. B. 1985 . Reproducibility of the variations between humans in the response to cessation of egg consumption . Atherosclerosis , 57 : 19
- Bidlack , W. R. , Kirsch , A. and Meskin , M. 1986 . Nutritional requirements of the elderly . Food Technol. (Chicago) , 40 (2) : 61
- Bidlack , W. R. , Smith , C. H. , Clemens , R. A. and Omaye , S. T. 1986 . Nutrition and the elderly. A scientific status summary by the Institute of Food Technologists Expert Panel on Food Safety and Nutrition . Food Technol. (Chicago) , 40 : 81
- Blackman , A. H. , Lambert , D. L. , Thayer , W. R. and Martin , H. F. 1970 . Computed normal values for peak acid output based on age, sex and body weight . Am. J. Dig. Dis. , 15 : 783
- Blumenthal , M. D. 1980 . Depressive illness in old age: getting behind the mask . Geriatrics , 35 : 34
- Bouilion , R. A. , Auwers , J. H. , Lissens , W. D. and Pelemans , W. K. 1987 . Vitamin D status in the elderly: seasonal substrate deficiency causes 1,25‐dihydroxycholecalciferol deficiency . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 45 : 755
- Brin , M. and Bauernfeind , J. C. 1978 . Vitamin needs of the elderly . Postgrad. Med. , 63 : 155
- Brodribb , A. M. M. 1980 . “ Dietary fiber in diverticular disease of the colon ” . In Medical Aspects of Dietary Fiber , Edited by: Spiller , G. A. S. and Kay , R. M. 43 New York : Plenum Press .
- Brotman , H. B. 1982 . “ An Analysis for the Chairman of the U.S. House of Representatives Select Committee on Aging ” . In Every Ninth American , Washington, D.C. : U.S. Government Printing Office .
- Buskirk , E. R. and Hodgson , J. L. 1987 . Age and aerobic power: the rate of change in men and women . Fed. Proc. , 46 : 1824
- Byrd , E. and Gertman , S. 1959 . Taste sensitivity in the aging person . Geriatrics , 14 : 381
- Calloway , D. H. and Zanni , E. 1980 . Energy requirements and energy expenditure of elderly men . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 33 : 2088
- Carlson , A. J. and Hoelzel , F. 1949 . Relation of diets to diverticulosis in the colon of rats . Gastroenterology , 12 : 108
- Carroll , M. D. , Abraham , S. and Dresser , C. M. 1983 . “ Dietary intake source data: U.S., 1976–1980 ” . Vital and Health Statistics, Ser. 11, No. 231, Public Health Service 83–1681 Washington, D.C. : National Center for Health Statistics, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare .
- Carson , J. and Gormican , A. 1976 . Disease‐medication relationships in altered taste sensitivity . J. Am. Diet. Assoc. , 68 : 550
- Castelli , W. P. 1984 . Epidemiology of CHD, the Framingham study . Am. J. Med. , 76 : 4
- Caster , W. O. 1976 . “ The role of nutrition in human aging ” . In Nutrition, Longevity and Aging , Edited by: Rockstein , M. and Sussman , M. L. 29 New York : Academic Press .
- Cheng , A. H. R. , Gomez , A. , Bergan , J. G. , Lee , T. C. , Monckeberg , F. and Chichester , C. O. 1978 . Comparative nitrogen balance study between young and aged adults using three levels of protein intake from a combination of wheat‐soy‐milk mixture . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 31 : 12
- Chin , A. I. 1981 . “ Effects of Dietary Factors on Skeletal Integrity in Adults: Calcium, Phosphorous, Vitamin D and Protein ” . Bethesda, MD : Life Sciences Research Office, FASEB . FDA contract 223–79–2275
- Clancy , K. L. 1975 . Preliminary observations on media use and food habits of the elderly . Gerontologist , 15 : 529
- Clemens , R. A. and Brown , R. C. 1986 . Biochemical methods for assessing the vitamin and mineral nutritional status of the elderly . Food Technol. (Chicago) , 40 : 71
- Colavita , F. 1978 . Sensory Changes in the Elderly , Springfield, IL : Charles C Thomas .
- Connell , A. M. 1975 . Applied physiology of the colon: factors relevant to diverticular disease . Clin. Gastroenterol. , 4 : 23
- Crouch , C. L. 1970 . Lighting needs for older eyes . J. Am. Geriair. Soc. , 10 : 685
- Davidson , M. D. 1979 . The effect of aging on carbohydrate metabolism: a review of the English literature and a practical approach to the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in the elderly . Metabolism , 28 : 688
- Davis , R. L. , Lawton , A. H. , Prouty , R. and Chow , B. F. 1965 . The absorption of oral vitamin B12 in the aged population . J. Gerontol. , 20 : 169
- DeFonzo , R. A. 1981 . Glucose intolerance and aging . Diabetes Care , 4 : 493
- deVries , H. A. 1970 . Physiological effects of an exercise training regimen upon men aged 52–88 . J. Gerontol. , 25 : 325
- Dyckner , T. and Wester , P. O. 1983 . Effect of magnesium on blood pressure . Br. Med. J. , 286 : 1847
- Ellis , E. P. , Exton‐Smilh , A. N. , Foster , K. G. and Weiner , J. S. 1976 . Eccrine sweating and mortality during heat waves in very young and very old persons . Isr. J. Med. Sci. , 12 : 815
- FAO/WHO . 1973 . Energy and Protein Requirements , World Health Organization Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 522 Geneva : World Health Organization .
- Feinstein , E. I. and Friedman , E. A. 1979 . “ Renal disease in the elderly ” . In Clinical Geriatrics, , 2nd ed. , Edited by: Rossman , I. 224 Philadelphia : J. B. Lippincott .
- Fish , P. D. , Bennett , G. C. J. and Millard , P. H. 1985 . Heatwave morbidity and mortality in old age . Age Aging , 14 : 243
- Flink , E. B. 1981 . Magnesium deficiency: etiology and clinical spectrum . Acta Med. Scand. Suppl. , 647 : 125
- 1968 . Recommended Dietary Allowances, , 6th ed. , Washington, D.C. : Food and Nutrition Board, National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council .
- 1980 . Recommended Dietary Allowances, , 9th ed. , Washington, D.C. : Food and Nutrition Board, National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council .
- Forbes , G. B. and Reina , J. C. 1970 . Adult lean body mass declines with age: some longitudinal observations . Metabolism , 19 : 653
- Francis , R. M. , Peacock , M. , Taylor , G. A. , Storer , J. H. and Nordin , B. E. C. 1984 . Calcium malabsorption in elderly women with vertebral fractures: evidence for resistance to the action of vitamin D metabolites on the bowel . Clin. Sci. , 66 : 103
- Freedman , M. L. and Marcus , D. L. 1980 . Anemia and the elderly: is it physiology or pathology? . Am. J. Med. Sci. , 280 : 81
- Fregly , M. S. and Fregly , M. J. 1982 . “ The estimates of sodium intake by man ” . In The Role of Salt in Cardiovascular Hypertension , 3 New York : Academic Press .
- Gallagher , C. R. , Molleson , A. L. and Caldwell , J. H. 1977 . Lactose intolerance and fermented dairy products . Cult. Dairy Prod. J. , 10 : 22
- Garry , P. J. , Goodwin , J. S. , Hunt , W. C. , Hooper , E. M. and Leonard , A. G. 1982 . Nutritional status in a healthy elderly population: dietary and supplemental intakes . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 36 : 319
- Geboes , K. and Bossaert , H. 1977 . Gastrointestinal disorders in old age . Age Aging. , 6 : 197
- George , P. K. 1983 . “ Nutrition and gastrointestinal disorders ” . In Nutrition in the Middle and Late Years , Edited by: Feldman , E. B. 151 London : John Wright .
- Gersovitz , M. , Motil , K. , Munro , H. N. , Scrimshaw , N. S. and Young , V. R. 1982 . Human protein requirements: assessment of the adequacy of the current recommended dietary allowance for dietary protein in elderly men and women . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 35 : 6
- Glueck , C. J. 1979 . Dietary fat and atherosclerosis . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 32 : 2703
- Gossard , D. , Haskell , W. L. , Taylor , C. B. , Mueller , J. K. , Rogers , F. , Chandler , M. , Ahn , D. K. , Miller , N. H. and Debusk , R. F. 1986 . Effects of low‐ and high‐intensity home based exercise training on functional capacity in healthy middle aged men . Am. J. Cardiol. , 57 : 446
- Grad , S. 1982 . “ Income of the Population 55 and Over ” . Washington, D.C. : Social Security Administration .
- Gray , G. E. , Paganini‐Hill , A. and Ross , R. 1983 . Dietary intake and nutrient supplement use in a Southern California retirement community . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 38 : 122
- Griffiths , L. L. , Brocklehurst , J. C. , Scott , D. L. , Marks , J. and Blackley , J. 1967 . Thiamin and ascorbic acid levels in the elderly . Gerontol. Clin. , 9 : 1
- Grossman , M. I. , Kirsner , J. B. and Gillespie , I. E. 1963 . Basal and histology‐stimulated gastric secretions in control subjects and in patients with peptic ulcer or gastric ulcer . Gastroenterology , 45 : 14
- Hale , W. E. , Stewart , R. B. , Cerda , J. J. , Marks , R. G. and May , F. E. 1982 . Use of nutritional supplements in ambulatory elderly population . J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. , 30 : 401
- Halle , A. and Repasy , A. 1987 . Classic heatstroke: a serious challenge for the elderly . Hosp. Pract. , 22 : 26
- Harper , A. E. 1987 . Evolution of recommended dietary allowances — new directions? . Annu. Rev. Nutr. , 7 : 509
- Harrill , I. and Cervone , N. 1977 . Vitamin status of older women . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 30 : 431
- Hartz , S. C. and Blumberg , J. 1986 . Use of vitamin and mineral supplements by the elderly . Clin. Nutr. , 5 : 130
- Heaney , R. P. 1986 . “ Calcium intake, bone health and aging ” . In Nutrition, Aging and Health , Edited by: Young , E. A. 165 New York : Alan R. Liss .
- Heaney , R. P. and Recker , R. R. 1982 . Effects of nitrogen, phosphorous and caffeine on calcium balance in women . J. Lab. Clin. Med. , 99 : 46
- Heaney , R. P. , Recker , R. R. and Saville , P. D. 1978 . Menopausal changes in calcium balance performance . J. Lab. Clin. Med. , 92 : 953
- Heaney , R. P. , Gallagher , J. C. , Johnston , C. C. , Neer , R. , Parfitt , A. M. and Whedon , G. D. 1982 . Calcium nutrition and bone health in the elderly . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 36 (Suppl.) : 986
- Heber , D. and Bray , G. 1980 . “ Energy requirements ” . In Metabolic and Nutrient Disorders in the Elderly , Edited by: Exton‐Smith , A. N. and Caird , F. A. Bristol, , England : John Wright and Son .
- Hegsted , D. M. 1986 . Serum‐cholesterol response to dietary cholesterol: a re‐evaluation . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 44 : 299
- Herbert , V. 1985 . Biology of disease: megaloblastic anemias . Lab. Invest. , 52 : 3
- Herbert , V. 1987 . Recommended dietary intakes (RDI) of folate in humans . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 45 : 661
- Herbert , V. 1987 . Recommended dietary intakes (RDI) of vitamin B‐12 in humans . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 45 : 671
- Herbert , V. 1987 . Recommended dietary intakes (RDI) of iron in humans . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 45 : 679
- Hodgson , J. L. and Buskirk , E. R. 1977 . Physical fitness and age with emphasis on cardiovascular function in the elderly . J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. , 25 : 385
- Hoorn , R. K. J. , Flikweert , J. P. and Westerink , D. 1975 . Vitamin Bl, B2, and B6 deficiencies in geriatric patients measured by coenzyme stimulation of enzyme activities . Clin. Chim. Acta , 61 : 151
- Horwitz , D. L. 1982 . Diabetes and aging . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 36 : 803
- Horwitz , D. L. 1986 . “ Nutrition, aging and diabetes ” . In Nutrition, Aging and Health , Edited by: Young , E. A. 145 New York : Alan R. Liss .
- Hrachovec , J. P. 1969 . Health maintenance in older adults . J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. , 17 : 433
- Hyland , J. M. P. and Taylor , I. 1980 . Does a high fibre diet prevent the complications of diverticular disease? . Br. J. Surg. , 67 : 71
- Kamath , S. K. 1982 . Taste acuity and aging . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 36 : 766
- Kane , R. L. and Kane , R. A. 1978 . The care of the aged: old problems in need of new solutions . Science , 200 : 913
- Kanell , W. B. , Dawber , T. R. , Friedman , G. D. , Glennon , W. E. and McNamara , P. M. 1964 . Risk factors in CHD, the Framingham study . Ann. Intern. Med. , 61 : 888
- Kaplan , N. M. 1983 . Hypertension: prevalence, risks and effect of therapy . Ann. Intern. Med. , 98 : 705
- Kawasaki , T. , Delea , C. S. , Bartter , F. C. and Smith , H. 1978 . The effect of high sodium and low sodium intakes on blood pressure and other related variables in human subjects with idiopathic hypertension . Am. J. Med. , 64 : 193
- Kelly , J. E. and Harvey , C. R. 1979 . “ Basic Data on Dental Examination Findings of Persons 1–74 Years, U.S. 1971–1974 ” . National Center for Health Statistics, Public Health Service 79–1662, Ser. 11, No. 214 Washington, D.C. : Department of Health, Education and Welfare .
- Keys , A. 1984 . Serum cholesterol response to dietary cholesterol . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 40 : 351
- Khaw , K. T. and Thorn , S. 1982 . Randomized double‐blind cross‐over trial of potassium on blood pressure in normal subjects . Lancet , 2 : 1127
- Kingson , E. R. , Hirshorn , B. A. and Cornman , J. M. 1986 . Ties That Bind: The Interdependence of Generations , Washington, D.C. : Seven Locks Press .
- Kirsch , A. and Bidlack , W. R. 1987 . Nutrition and the elderly: vitamin status and efficacy of supplementation . Nutrition (London) , 3 : 305
- Kohrs , M. B. 1982 . Introduction: symposium on nutrition and aging . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 36 : 735
- Kohrs , M. B. 1982 . A rational diet for the elderly . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 36 : 796
- Kolata , G. 1985 . Heart panel's conclusions questioned . Science , 227 : 40
- Kritchevsky , D. 1986 . Atherosclerosis and nutrition . Nutr. Rep. Int. , 2 : 290
- Leaf , A. 1984 . Dehydration in the elderly . N. Engl. J. Med. , 311 : 791
- Levy , R. I. 1981 . Declining mortality in coronary heart disease . Arteriosclerosis , 1 : 312
- Lindermann , R. D. “ Age changes in renal function ” . In The Physiology and Pathology of Aging , Edited by: Goldman , R. and Rockstein , M. 1075 New York : Academic Press . 19
- Lisker , R. and Aquilas , L. 1978 . Double blind study of milk lactose intolerance . Gastroenterology , 74 : 1283
- Liss , L. and Gomez , F. 1958 . The nature of senile changes of the human olfactory bulb and tract . Arch. Otolaryngol. , 67 : 167
- Lowell , J. A. “ Nutrition and health quackery: the elderly victim ” . In Nutrition for the Elderly: Health, Aging and Longevity , Edited by: Bidlack , W.R. and Clemens , R.A. New York : Van Nostrand Reinhold . in press, chap. 12.
- 1984 . The Lipid Research Clinics coronary primary prevention trial results. I. Reduction in incidence of coronary heart disease . JAMA , 251 : 351
- 1984 . The Lipid Research Clinics coronary primary prevention trial results. II. Reduction in incidence of coronary heart disease due to cholesterol lowering . JAMA , 251 : 365
- Lynch , S. R. , Finch , C. A. , Monsen , E. R. and Cook , J. D. 1982 . Iron status of elderly Americans . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 36 : 1032
- MacGregor , G. A. , Smith , S. J. , Markandu , N. D. , Banks , R. A. and Sagnella , G. A. 1982 . Moderate potassium supplementation in essential hypertension . Lancet , 2 : 567
- Marcus , R. 1985 . Calcium, skeletal aging, and osteoporosis . Nutr. M.D. , 11 : 1
- Maris , D. C. 1978 . Milk drinking by elderly of three races . J. Am. Diet. Assoc. , 72 : 495
- Mason , J. B. and Bearden , W. O. 1978 . Profiling the shopping behavior of elderly consumers . Gerontologist , 18 : 454
- McCarron , D. A. 1983 . Calcium and magnesium nutrition in human hypertension . Ann. Intern. Med. , 98 : 800
- McDonald , J. T. 1986 . Vitamin and mineral supplement use in the United States . Clin. Nutr. , 5 : 27
- McGandy , R. B. , Russell , R. M. , Hartz , S. C. , Jacob , R. A. , Tannenbaum , S. , Peters , H. , Sahyoun , N. and Otradovec , C. L. 1986 . Nutritional status survey of healthy noninstitutionalized elderly: energy and nutrient intakes from three‐day diet records and nutrient supplements . Nulr. Res. , 6 : 785
- McGill , H.C. Jr. 1979 . The relationship of dietary cholesterol to serum cholesterol concentration and to atherosclerosis in man . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 32 : 2664
- McKinney , R. V. and Clark , J. W. 1983 . “ Nutrition related oral problems ” . In Nutrition in the Middle and Later Years , Edited by: Feldman , E. B. 227 Boston : John Wright .
- McNamara , D. J. 1982 . Diet and hyperlipidemia: a justifiable debate . Arch. Intern. Med. , 142 : 1121
- McNamara , D. J. , Kolb , R. , Parker , T. S. , Batwin , H. , Samuel , P. , Brown , C. D. and Ahrens , E.H. 1987 . Heterogeneity of cholesterol homeostasis in man . J. Clin. Invest. , 79 : 1729
- Messinger , W. J. , Porosowska , Y. and Steele , J. M. 1950 . Effect of feeding egg yolk and cholesterol on serum cholesterol levels . Arch. Intern. Med. , 86 : 189
- Milne , J. S. and Williamson , J. 1972 . Bowel habit in older people . Gerontol. Clin. , 14 : 56
- Moncrieff , R. W. 1967 . Chemical Senses , Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press .
- Monsen , E. R. , Hallberg , L. , Layrisse , M. , Hegsted , D. M. , Cook , J. D. , Mertz , W. and Finch , C.A. 1978 . Estimation of available dietary iron . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 31 : 134
- Moore , F. E. and Gordon , T. 1967 . Serum cholesterol levels of adults. United States, 1960–62 . Vital Health Stat. , 11 (22)
- Munro , H. N. 1981 . Nutrition and aging . Br. Med. Bull. , 37 : 83
- Munro , H. N. , McGandy , R. B. , Hartz , S. C. , Russell , R. M. , Jacob , R. A. and Otradovac , C. L. 1987 . Protein nutrition of a group of free living elderly . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 46 : 586
- Munro , H. N. and Young , V. R. 1980 . “ Protein metabolism and requirements ” . In Metabolic and Nutritional Disorders in the Elderly , Edited by: Exton‐Smith , A. N. and Caird , F. A. 13 Bristol, , England : John Wright and Son .
- 1985 . NIH Consensus Conference, Lowering blood cholesterol to prevent heart disease . JAMA , 253 : 2080
- . Osteoporosis, National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement . Vol. 5 , pp. 1 Bethesda, MD : National Institutes of Health . (3),
- Niinima , V. and Shephard , R. J. 1978 . Training and oxygen conductance in the elderly. I. The respiratory system. II. The cardiovascular system . J. Gerontol. , 33 : 354
- Nordin , B. E. , Heyburn , P. J. , Peacock , M. , Horsman , A. , Aaron , J. , Marshall , D. and Crilly , R. G. 1980 . Osteoporosis and osteomalacia . Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , 9 : 177
- Nordstrom , J. W. 1982 . Trace mineral nutrition in the elderly . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 36 : 788
- Oh , S. Y. and Miller , L. T. 1985 . Effect of dietary egg on variability of plasma cholesterol levels and lipoprotein cholesterol . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 42 : 421
- Oliver , M. F. 1985 . Consensus or nonsensus conference on CHD . Lancet , 1 : 1087
- Olson , J. A. 1987 . Recommended dietary intakes (RDI) of vitamin K in humans . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 45 : 687
- Olson , J. A. 1987 . Recommended dietary intake (RDI) of vitamin A in humans . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 45 : 704
- Olson , J. A. and Hodges , R. E. 1987 . Recommended dietary intakes (RDI) of vitamin C in humans . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 45 : 693
- Ordy , J. M. , Harman , D. and Alfin‐Slater , R. 1984 . Nutrition in Gerontology , New York : Raven Press .
- Pacy , P. J. and Dodson , P. M. 1985 . Nutrition and hypertension . Ann. Nutr. Metab. , 29 : 129
- Pagano , G. , Cassader , M. , Diana , A. , Pisu , E. , Bozzo , C. , Ferrero , F. and Lenti , G. 1981 . Insulin resistance in the aged: the role of the periferal insulin receptors . Metabolism , 30 : 46
- Painter , N. S. , Almeida , A. Z. and Colebourne , K. W. 1972 . Unprocessed bran in treatment of diverticular disease of the colon . Br. Med. J. , 2 : 137
- Pao , E. M. and Mickle , S. J. 1981 . Problem nutrients in the United States . Food Technol. (Chicago) , 33 : 58
- Parizkova , J. , Eiselt , E. , Sprynarova , S. and Wachtlova , M. 1971 . Body composition, aerobic capacity, and density of muscle capillaries in young and old men . J. Appl. Physiol. , 31 : 323
- Parks , T. G. 1975 . Natural history of diverticular disease of the colon . Clin. Gastroenterol. , 4 : 53
- Phillips , P. A. , Rolls , B. J. , Ledingham , J. G. G. , Forsling , M. L. , Morton , J. J. , Crowe , M. J. and Wollner , L. 1984 . Reduced thirst after water deprivation in healthy elderly men . N. Engl. J. Med. , 311 : 753
- Phillipson , C. 1962 . Morphologische und Funcktionelle Alternsveranderungen der Nieren, Mitteilung . A. Alternsforsch , 16 : 111
- Podolsky , S. and Burney , S. W. 1975 . Development of hyperglycemia in healthy subjects followed longitudinally . Diabetes , 24 (Abstr. 37) : 402
- Pollock , M. L. , Dawson , G. A. , Miller , H. S. Jr. , Ward , A. , Cooper , D. , Headley , W. , Linnerud , A. C. and Nomier , M.‐M. 1976 . Physiologic responses of men 49–65 years of age to endurance training . J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. , 24 : 97
- Read , M. H. and Graney , A. S. 1982 . Food supplement usage by the elderly . J. Am. Diet. Assoc. , 80 : 250
- Robertson , G. L. 1984 . Abnormalities of thirst regulation . Kidney Int. , 25 : 460
- Robertson , G. L. and Berl , T. 1985 . “ Water metabolism ” . In The Kidney , Edited by: Brenner , B. M. and Rector , F. C. 385 Philadelphia : W. B. Saunders .
- Roe , D. A. 1983 . Geriatric Nutrition , Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice‐Hall .
- Rossman , I. 1977 . “ Anatomic and body composition changes with aging ” . In Handbook of the Biology of Aging , Edited by: Finch , C. E. and Hayflick , L. 189 New York : Van Nostrand, Reinhold .
- Rushton , C. 1978 . Vitamin D hydroxylation in youth and old age . Age Aging , 7 : 91
- Rutishauer , I. H. E. , Bates , C. J. , Paul , A. A. and Black , A. E. 1979 . Long term vitamin status and dietary intake of healthy elderly subjects. I. Riboflavin . Br. J. Nutr. , 42 : 33
- Samity , A. H. 1983 . Clinical geriatric medicine . Med. Clin. North Am. , 67 : 333
- Samuel , P. , McNamara , D. J. and Shapiro , J. 1983 . The role of diet in the etiology and treatment of atherosclerosis . Annu. Rev. Med. , 34 : 179
- Sandine , W. E. and Daly , M. 1979 . Milk intolerance . J. Food. Protect. , 42 : 435
- Schiffman , S. 1979 . “ Changes in taste and smell with age: psychophysical aspects ” . In Aging: Sensory Systems and Communications in the Elderly , Edited by: Ordy , J. M. and Beizzee , K. Vol. 10 , 227 New York : Raven Press .
- Schiffman , S. , Moss , J. and Erickson , R. P. 1976 . Thresholds and food odors in the elderly . Exp. Aging Res. , 2 : 389
- Schiffman , S. , Orlandi , M. and Erickson , R. P. 1979 . “ Changes in taste and smell with age: biological aspects ” . In Aging: Sensory Systems and Communications in the Elderly Edited by: Ordy , J. M. and Beizzee , K. Vol. 10 , 247 Raven Press
- Schiffmann , S. and Pasterinak , M. 1979 . Decreased discriminates of food odors in the elderly . J. Gerontol. , 14 : 73
- Schiffmann , S. S. and Covey , E. 1984 . “ Changes in taste and smell with age: nutritional aspects ” . In Nutrition in Gerontology , Edited by: Ordy , J. M. , Harman , D. and Alfin‐Slater , R. B. 43 New York : Raven Press .
- Schneeman , B. O. 1986 . Dietary fiber: physical and chemical properties, methods of analysis and physiological effects . Food Technol. , 39 : 104
- Schroeder , H. A. 1976 . “ Nutrition ” . In Cowdry's the Care of the Geriatric Patient, , 5th ed. Edited by: Steinberg , F. U. and Mosby , C. V. St. Louis
- Seelig , M. S. 1981 . Magnesium requirements in human nutrition . Magnesium Bull. , 1a : 26
- Seltzer , H. S. 1983 . “ Diagnosis of diabetes ” . In Diabetes Mellitus: Theory and Practice, , 3rd ed. , Edited by: Ellenberg , M. and Rifkin , H. 415 New Hyde Park, NY : Medical Examination .
- Shank , R. E. 1976 . “ Nutritional characteristics of the elderly — an overview ” . In Nutrition, Longevity and Aging , Edited by: Rockstein , M. and Sussman , M. L. 9 New York : Academic Press .
- Shepard , J. W. Jr. 1984 . “ Interrelationship of exercise and nutrition in the elderly ” . In Nutritional Intervention in the Aging Process , Edited by: Armbrecht , H. J. , Pendergast , J. M. and Coe , R. M. 315 New York : Springer‐Verlag .
- Shepard , R. J. 1978 . Physical Activity and Aging , London : Croom Helm .
- Shils , M. E. 1969 . Experimental human magnesium depletion . Medicine (Baltimore) , 48 : 61
- Shock , N. W. . The science of gerontology . Proc. Semin. 1959–61, Council on Gerontology . Edited by: Jeffers , F. C. pp. 123 Durham, NC : Duke University Press .
- Shock , N. W. 1982 . The role of nutrition in aging . J. Am. Coll. Nutr. , 1 : 3
- Sidney , K. H. and Shephard , R. J. 1977 . Maximum and submaximum exercise tests in men and women in the seventh, eighth and ninth decades of life . J. Appl. Physiol. , 43 : 280
- Simpson , F. O. 1979 . Salt and hypertension: a skeptical review of the evidence . Clin. Sci. , 57 : 463
- Slovik , D. M. , Adams , J. S. , Neer , R. M. , Holick , M. F. and Potts , J. T. Jr. 1981 . Deficient production of 1, 25‐dihydroxyvitamin D in elderly osteoporotic patients . N. Engl. J. Med. , 305 : 372
- Smith , C. G. 1942 . Age incidence of atrophy of olfactory nerves in man . J. Comp. Neural. , 77 : 589
- Smith , C. H. and Bidlack , W. R. 1984 . Dietary concerns associated with the use of medications . J. Am. Diet. Assoc. , 84 : 901
- Smith , S. J. , Markandu , N. D. , Sagnella , G. A. and MacGregor , G. A. 1984 . Does dietary potassium supplementation plus moderate sodium restriction have an additive blood pressure lowering effect in essential hypertension? . Clin. Sci. , 66 : 36
- Sourander , L. B. 1973 . “ The aging kidney ” . In Textbook of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology , Edited by: Brocklehurst , W. C. 280 Edinburgh : Churchill‐Livingstone .
- Spencer , H. and Kramer , L. 1986 . NIH concensus conference: osteoporosis. Factors contributing to osteoporosis . J. Nutr. , 116 : 316
- Spencer , H. , Kramer , L. , Lesniak , M. , DeBartolo , M. , Clemontain , N. and Osis , D. 1984 . Calcium requirements in humans . Clin. Orthop. , 184 : 270
- Spencer , H. , Kramer , L. and Osis , D. 1984 . Effects of calcium on phosphorous metabolism in man . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 40 : 219
- Spencer , H. , Kramer , L. , Osis , D. and Norris , C. 1978 . Effect of phosphorous on the absorption of calcium and on the calcium balance in men . J. Nutr. , 108 : 447
- Steinberg , F. U. 1983 . Care of the Geriatric Patient , St. Louis : C. V. Mosby .
- Stewart , M. L. , McDonald , J. T. , Levy , A. S. , Schuckler , R. E. and Henderson , D. P. 1985 . Vitamin/mineral supplement use: a telephone survey of adults in the United States . J. Am. Diet. Assoc. , 85 : 1585
- Suter , P. M. and Russell , R. M. 1987 . Vitamin requirements of the elderly . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 45 : 501
- Tobian , L. 1979 . The relationship of salt to hypertension . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 32 : 2739
- Tolstoi , L. G. 1987 . Hypophosphatemia . U.S. Pharmacist , April : H7 – H13 .
- Tolstoi , L. G. and Fosmire , G. 1987 . Milk‐alkali syndrome revisited: a review of 63 years . Nutr. Today , 22
- Tontisirin , K. , Young , V. R. , Miller , M. and Scrimshaw , N. S. 1973 . Plasma tryptophan response curve and tryptophan requirements of elderly people . J. Nutr. , 103 : 1220
- Turnland , J. , Costa , F. and Margen , S. 1981 . Zinc, copper and iron balance in elderly men . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 34 : 2641
- Turnland , J. R. , Durkin , N. , Costa , F. and Margen , S. 1986 . Stable isotope studies of zinc absorption and retention in young and elderly men . J. Nutr. , 116 : 1239
- Tuttle , S. G. , Swendseid , M. E. , Mulcare , D. , Griffith , W. H. and Bassett , S. H. 1957 . Study of the essential amino acid requirements of men over fifty . Metabolism , 6 : 564
- Tuttle , S. G. , Swendseid , M. E. , Mulcare , D. , Griffith , W. H. and Bassett , S. H. 1959 . Essential amino acid requirement of older men in relation to total nitrogen intake . Metabolism , 8 : 61
- Tuttle , S. G. , Bassett , S. H. , Griffith , W. H. , Mulcare , D. B. and Swendseid , M. E. 1965 . Further observations on the amino acid requirements of older men. I. Effect on non‐essential nitrogen supplements fed with different amounts of essential amino acids . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 16 : 225
- Tuttle , S. G. , Bassett , S. H. , Griffith , W. H. , Mulcare , D. B. and Swendseid , M. E. 1965 . Further observations on the amino acid requirements of older men. II. Methionine and lysine . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 16 : 229
- Uauy , R. , Winterer , J. C. , Bilmazes , C. , Haverberg , L. N. , Scrimshaw , N. S. , Munro , H. N. and Young , V. R. 1978 . The changing pattern of whole body protein metabolism in aging humans . J. Gerontol. , 33 : 663
- 1984 . “ United States Census of Population, 1890–1980 ” . In Current Population Reports , Ser. P‐25 Washington, D.C. : U.S. Government Printing Office .
- 1984 . “ Projections of the Population of the United States by Age, Sex and Race, 1983–2080 ” . In Current Population Reports , Ser. P‐25, No. 952 Washington, D.C. : U.S. Government Printing Office .
- 1984 . “ Money Income and Poverty Status ” . In Current Population Reports , Ser. P‐25 Washington, D.C. : U. S. Government Printing Office .
- 1980 . “ Food and Nutrient Intakes of Individuals in One Day in the United States, Spring, 1977: Nationwide Food Consumption Survey 1977–78 ” . Preliminary Rep. No. 2 Hyattsville, MD : Consumer Nutrition Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture .
- 1983 . Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1983. , 103rd ed. , Washington, D.C. : Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce .
- 1985 . Persons with Selected Chronic Conditions by Sex and Age: 1982 , Vital and Health Statistics, Ser. 10, No. 150 Washington, D.C. : Public Health Service 85–1578, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare .
- Developments in Aging: 1984, Senate Special Committee on Aging, 99th Congress, 1st session, 1985
- 1985 . Aging America: Trends and Projections, 1985–1986 , Senate Special Committee on Aging Senate Report No. 99–5 99th Congress, 1st session,
- Uribarri , J. , Oh. , M. S. and Carroll , H. J. 1985 . Hypertension in the elderly . M. Sinai J. Med. , 52 : 581
- Vir , S. H. and Love , A. H. G. 1977 . Riboflavin status of institutionalized and noninstitutionalized aged . Int. J. Nutr. Res. , 47 : 336
- Vir , S. H. and Love , A. H. G. 1977 . Thiamine status of institutionalized and noninstitutionalized aged . Int. J. Nutr. Res. , 47 : 325
- Vir , S. H. and Love , A. H. G. 1977 . Vitamin B6 status of institutionalized and noninstitutionalized aged . Int. J. Vit. Nutr. Res. , 47 : 325
- Vir , S. C. and Love , A. H. G. 1979 . Nutritional status of institutionalized and noninstitutionalized aged in Belfast, Northern Ireland . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 32 : 1934
- Vokes , T. 1987 . Water homeostasis . Annu. Rev. Nutr. , 7 : 383
- Watkin , D. M. 1979 . “ Mutual relationships among aging, nutrition and health ” . In Nutrition, Metabolic and Clinical Applications , Edited by: Hodges , R. E. 229 New York : Plenum Press .
- Watkin , D. M. 1982 . The physiology of aging . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 36 : 750
- Watkin , D. M. 1984 . “ Certain aspects of the effect of age on the acquisition of nutrients ” . In Nutrition in Gerontology , Edited by: Ordy , J. M. , Harman , D. and Alfin‐Slater , R. 19 New York : Raven Press .
- Watts , J. H. , Mann , A. N. , Bradley , L. and Thompson , D. L. 1964 . Nitrogen balance in men over 65 fed the FAO and milk patterns of essential amino acids . J. Gerontol. , 19 : 370
- Weale , R. A. 1986 . Senescence and color vision . J. Gerontol. , 41 : 635
- Weaver , C. M. and Evans , G. H. 1986 . Nutrient interactions and hypertension . Food Technol. , 39 : 99
- Weinberg , J. 1972 . Psychologic indications of the nutritional needs of the elderly . J. Am. Diet. Assoc. , 60 : 293
- Weinberger , M. H. , Miller , J. Z. , Luft , F. C. , Grim , C. E. and Fineberg , N. S. 1986 . Sodium sensitivity and resistance of blood pressure in humans . Food Technol. , 39 : 96
- Welsh , J. D. 1978 . Diet therapy in adult lactose malabsorption: present practices . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 31 : 592
- West , K. M. 1973 . Diet therapy of diabetes: an analysis of failure . Ann. Intern. Med. , 79 : 425
- West , K. M. 1976 . Diet and diabetes . Postgrad. Med. , 60 : 209
- Williams , T. F. 1981 . Diabetes mellitus . Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , 10 : 179
- Williams , M. E. and Pannill , F. C. 1982 . III, Urinary incontinence in the elderly . Ann. Intern. Med. , 97 : 895
- Wolf , R. N. and Grundy , S. M. 1983 . Influence of exchanging carbohydrate for saturated fatty acids on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in man . J. Nutr. , 113 : 1521
- Yarnell , J. W. G. and St. Leger , A. S. 1979 . The prevalence, severity and factors associated with urinary incontinence in a random sample of the elderly . Age Ageing , 8 : 81
- Yearick , E. S. , Wang , M. S. L. and Pisasis , S. J. 1980 . Nutritional status of the elderly: dietary and biochemical findings . J. Gerontol. , 5 : 663
- Young , E. A. and Urban , E. 1986 . “ Aging, the aged and the gastrointestinal tract ” . In Nutrition, Aging and Health , Edited by: Young , E. A. New York : Alan R. Liss .
- Young , V. R. 1984 . “ Impact of aging on protein metabolism ” . In Nutrition Intervention in the Aging Process , Edited by: Armbrecht , H. J. , Pendergast , J. M. and Coe , R. M. 27 New York : Springer‐Verlag .
- Zanni , E. , Calloway , D. H. and Zezuller , A. Y. 1979 . Protein requirements of elderly men . J. Nutr. , 109 : 513
- Berman , P. M. and Kirshner , J. B. 1972 . The aging gut. I. Diseases of the esophagus, small intestine, and appendix. II. Diseases of the colon, pancreas, liver and gallbladder, functional bowel disease and iatrogenic disease . Geriatrics , 27 : 84 117
- Brun , J. K. and Clancey , K. L. 1980 . Low income and the elderly population . J. Nutr. Educ.; , 12 : 128
- Gallagher , J. C. , Melton , L. C. , Riggs , B. L. and Beegstrath , E. 1980 . Epidemiology of fractures of the proximal femur in Rochester, Minnesota . Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. , 150 : 163
- Sandstead , H. H. 1973 . Zinc nutrition in the United States . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 26 : 1251
- Harman , D. 1965 . The free radical theory of aging. Effect of age on serum copper levels . J. Gerontol. , 20 : 151
- Rogers , A. I. 1975 . “ Colonic Diverticular Disease ” . Somerville, NJ : Hoechst‐Roussel Pharmaceuticals .