Effects of dietary fiber and phytic acid on mineral availability

References

• Trowell , H. , Southgate , D. , Wolever , T. , Leeds , A. , Gassull , M. and Jenkin , D. 1976 . Dietary fibre redefined . Lancet , 1 : 967
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guillén , R. , Heredia , A. and Fernández‐Bolatnos , J. 1987 . Andlisis de fibra dietética en alimentos . Grasas Aceites (Seville) , 6 : 404
   Google Scholar
• Southgate , D. 1987 . Minerals, trace elements, and potential hazards . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 45 : 1256
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toma , R. B. and Curtis , D. 1986 . Dietary fiber: effect on mineral bioavailability . Food Technol. , 40 : 111
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siddiqui , I. 1989 . Studies on vegetables: fiber content and chemical composition of ethanol‐insoluble and ‐soluble residues . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 37 : 647
   Google Scholar
• Saura‐Calixto , F. 1988 . Effect of condensed tannins in the analysis of dietary fiber in carob pods . J. Food Sci. , 53 : 1769
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Soest , P. J. and Jones , L. H. P. 1988 . “ Analysis and classification of dietary fibre ” . In Trace Element Analytical Chemistry in Medicine and Biology , Edited by: Bratter , P. and Schramel , P. 351 New York : Walter de Gruyter .
   Google Scholar
• Slavin , J. L. 1987 . Dietary fiber: classification, chemical analyses and food sources . J. Am. Diet. Assoc. , 87 : 1164
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Englyst , H. N. and Cummings , J. H. 1984 . Simplified method for the measurement of total non‐starch poly‐saccharides by gas‐liquid chromatography of constituent sugars as alditol acetates . Analyst , 109 : 937
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Theander , O. and Åman , P. 1981 . “ Analysis of dietary fibers and their main constituents ” . In The Analysis of Dietary Fiber in Foods , Edited by: James , W. D. T. and Theander , O. 51 New York : Marcel Dekker .
   Google Scholar
• Davies , N. T. 1978 . “ The effects of dietary fibre on mineral availability ” . In Dietary Fibre: Current Developments of Importance to Health , Edited by: Heaton , K. W. 113 London : John Libbey and Company .
   Google Scholar
• Bingham , S. 1985 . “ Dietary fibre intakes: intake studies, problems, methods and results ” . In Dietary Fibre: Fibre‐Depleted Foods and Disease , Edited by: Trowell , H. , Burkitt , D. and Heaton , K. 77 London : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Rockway , S. W. , Brannon , P. M. and Weber , C. W. 1987 . Bioavailability of copper bound to dietary fiber in mice and rats . J. Food Sci. , 52 : 1423
   Google Scholar
• Bertin , C. , Rouau , X. and Thibault , J. F. 1988 . Structure and properties of sugar beet fibres . J. Sci. Food Agric. , 44 : 15
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelsay , J. L. 1987 . Effects of fibre, phytic acid and oxalic acid in the diet on mineral bioavailability . Am. J. Gastroenterol. , 82 : 983
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Laszlo , J. A. 1987 . Mineral binding properties of soy hull. Modelling mineral interactions with an insoluble dietary fiber source . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 35 : 593
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munoz , J. M. 1986 . “ Overview of the effects of dietary fiber on the utilization of minerals and trace elements ” . In Handbook of Dietary Fiber in Human Nutrition , Edited by: Spiller , G. A. 193 Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , K. T. 1983 . Effects of chemical environment on iron bioavailability measurements . Food Technol. , 37 : 115
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cook , J. D. 1983 . Determinants of nonheme iron absorption . Food Technol. , 37 : 124
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Southgate , D. A. T. 1986 . “ Dietary fiber content of selected foods by the Southgate methods ” . In Handbook of Dietary Fiber in Human Nutrition , Edited by: Spiller , G. A. 447 Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Platt , S. R. and Clydesdale , F. M. 1986 . Effects of iron, alone and in combination with calcium, zinc, and copper on the mineral‐binding capacity of wheat bran . J. Food Prot. , 49 : 37
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brune , M. , Rossander , L. and Hallberg , L. 1984 . Iron absorption: no intestinal adaptation to a high‐phytate diet . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 49 : 542
   Google Scholar
• Dintzis , F. R. , Watson , P. R. and Sandstead , H. H. 1985 . Mineral content of brans passed through the human GI tract . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 41 : 901
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reinhold , J. G. , Garcfa‐Estrada , J , Garcia , P. M. and Garzón , P. 1986 . Retention of iron by rat intestine in vivo as affected by dietary fiber, ascorbate and citrate . J. Nutr. , 116 : 1007
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rossander , L. 1987 . Effect of dietary fiber on iron absorption in man . Scand. J. Gastroenterol. , 22 : 68
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farah , D. A. , Hall , M. J. , Mills , P. R. and Russell , R. I. 1984 . Effect of wheat bran on zinc absorption . Hum. Nutr. Clin. Nutr. , 38c : 433
   Google Scholar
• Moak , S. , Pearson , N. and Shin , K. 1987 . The effects of oat and wheat‐bran fibers on mineral metabolism in adult males . Nutr. Rep. Int. , 36 : 1137
   Google Scholar
• Sandström , B. , Almgren , A. , Kivistoe , B. and Cederblad , A. 1987 . Zinc absorption in humans from meals based on rye, barley, oat meal, triticale, and whole wheat . J. Nutr. , 117 : 1898
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Champagne , E. T. , Rao , R. M. , Liuzzo , J. A. , Robinson , J. W. , Gale , R. J. and Miller , F. 1985 . Solubility behaviors of the minerals, proteins, and phytic acid in rice bran with time, temperature, and pH . Cereal Chem. , 62 : 218
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McFarlane , B. J. , Bezwoda , W. R. , Both well , T. H. , Baynes , R. D. , Bothwell , J. E. , MacPhail , A. P. , Lamparelli , R. D. and Mayet , F. 1988 . Inhibitory effect of nuts on iron availability . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 47 : 270
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hallberg , L. , Rossander , L. and Skanberg , A.‐B. 1987 . Phytates and the inhibitory effect of bran on iron absorption in man . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 45 : 988
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Platt , S. R. and Clydesdale , F. M. 1987 . Interactions of iron alone and in combination with calcium, zinc and copper with phytate‐rich, fiber‐rich fraction of wheat bran under gastrointestinal pH conditions . Cereal Chem. , 64 : 102
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , D. D. and Berner , L. A. 1989 . Is solubility in vitro a reliable predictor of iron bioavailability? . Biol. Trace Elem. Res. , 19 : 11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poneros‐Schneier , A. G. and Erdman , J. W. Jr. 1989 . Bioavailability of calcium from sesame seeds, almond powder, whole wheat bread, spinach and nonfat dry milk in rats . J. Food Sci. , 54 : 150
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Platt , S. R. and Clydesdale , F. M. 1987 . Mineral binding characteristics of lignin, guar gum, cellulose, pectin and neutral detergent fiber under simulated duodenal pH conditions . J. Food Sci. , 52 : 1414
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McBurney , M. I. , Allen , M. S. and van Soest , P. J. 1986 . Praseodimium and copper cation‐exchange capacities of neutral detergent fibers relative to composition and fermentation kinetics . J. Sci. Food Agric. , 37 : 666
   Google Scholar
• McBurney , M. I. , van Soest , P. J. and Chase , L. E. 1983 . Cation‐exchange capacity and buffering capacity of neutral‐detergent fibres . J. Sci. Food Agric. , 34 : 910
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• García‐López , J. S. and Lee , K. 1985 . Iron binding by fiber is influenced by competing minerals . J. Food Sci. , 50 : 424 428
   Google Scholar
• Lee , K. and García‐López , J. S. 1985 . Iron, Zinc, Copper and magnesium binding by cooked pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) neutral and acid detergent fiber . J. Food Sci. , 50 : 651 673
   Google Scholar
• Kanchana , S. and Shurpalekar , K. S. 1989 . Effect of fiber and phytate of regional diet on the apparent absorption of zinc in rats . Nutr. Rep. Int. , 39 : 727
   Google Scholar
• Krässig , H. 1985 . “ Structure of cellulose and its relation to properties of cellulose fibers ” . In Cellulose and its Derivatives. Chemistry, Biochemistry and Applications , Edited by: Kennedy , J. F. , Phillips , G. O. , Wedlock , D. J. and Williams , P. A. 3 West Sussex : Ellis Horwood .
   Google Scholar
• Theander , O. , Westerlund , E. , Aman , P. and Graham , H. 1989 . Plant cell walls and monogastric diets . Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. , 23 : 205
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ink , S. L. and Hurt , D. 1987 . Nutritional implications of gums . Food Technol. , 41 : 77
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robertson , J. B. and van Soest , P. J. 1981 . “ The detergent system of analysis and its application to human foods ” . In The Analysis of Dietary Fiber in Food , Edited by: James , W. P. T. and Theander , O. 123 New York : Marcel Dekker .
   Google Scholar
• Platt , S. R. and Clydesdale , P. M. 1984 . Binding of iron by cellulose, lignin, sodium phytate, and beta‐glucan, alone and in combination, under simulated gastrointestinal pH conditions . J. Food Sci. , 49 : 531
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernal , V. M. , Smajda , C. H. , Smith , J. L. and Stanley , D. W. 1987 . Interactions in protein/polysaccha‐ride/calcium gels . J. Food Sci. , 52 : 1121
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Behall , K. M. , Scholfield , D. J. , Lee , K. , Powell , A. S. and Moser , P. B. 1987 . Mineral balance in adult men: effect of four refined fibers . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 46 : 307
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yiang , K. S. 1986 . Effects of dietary cellulose and xylan on absorption and tissue contents of zinc and copper in rats . J. Nutr. , 116 : 999
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mod , R. R. , Ory , R. L. , Morris , N. M. , Normand , F. L. , Saunders , R. M. and Gumbmann , M. R. 1985 . Effect of rice hemicellulose and microcrystalline α‐cellulose on selected minerals in the blood and feces of rats . J. Cereal Sci. , 3 : 87
   Google Scholar
• Ballam , G. C. , Nelson , T. S. and Kirby , L. K. 1984 . The effect of phytate and fiber source on phytate hydrolysis and mineral availability in rats . Nutr. Rep. Int. , 30 : 1089
   Google Scholar
• Clydesdale , F. M. 1983 . Physicochemical determinants of iron bioavailability . Food Technol. , 37 : 133
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohn , R. 1987 . Binding of divalent cations to oligomeric fragments of pectin . Carbohydr. Res. , 160 : 343
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Filippov , M. P. , Komissarenko , M. S. and Kohn , R. 1988 . Investigation of ion exchange on films of pectic substances by infrared spectroscopy . Carbohydr. Polym. , 8 : 131
   Google Scholar
• Nair , B. M. , Asp , N.‐G. , Nyman , M. and Persson , H. 1987 . Binding of mineral elements by some dietary fibre components—in vitro(I) . Food Chem. , 23 : 295
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlemmer , U. 1989 . Studies of the binding of copper, zinc and calcium to pectin, alginate, carrageenan and guar gum in HCO3—CO2 buffer . Food Chem. , 32 : 223
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baekey , P. , Cerda , J. J. , Baig , M. M. , Guild , R. , Burgin , C. W. and Robbins , F. L. 1986 . Effect of citrus pectin on calcium and zinc balance, absorption, and half‐life . Nutr. Int. , 2 : 108
   Google Scholar
• Bagheri , S. and Guéguen , L. 1985 . Effect of wheat bran and pectin on the absorption and retention of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, and zinc by the growing pig . Reprodud. Nutr. Dév. , 25 : 705
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Khan , A. , Vohra , P. N. and Kratzer , F. H. 1987 . The effect of protein level and dietary guar gum and pectin on copper and zinc utilization in chicks . Nutr. Rep. Int. , 36 : 193
   Google Scholar
• Deiana , S. , Gessa , C. , Solinas , V. , Piu , P. and Seeber , R. 1989 . Analytical study of the interactions of D‐galacturonic acid with iron (III) and iron (II) in solution and with iron (III)‐bentonite . Anal. Chim. Acta. , 226 : 315
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stephen , A. M. and Cummings , J. H. 1980 . Mechanism of action of dietary fibre in the human colon . Nature , 284 : 283
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwarz , P. B. , Kunerth , W. H. and Youngs , V. L. 1988 . The distribution of lignin and other fiber components within hard red spring wheat bran . Cereral Chem. , 65 : 59
   Google Scholar
• Holloway , W. D. and Greig , R. I. 1984 . Water holding capacity of hemicellulose from fruits, vegetables and wheat bran . J. Food Sci. , 49 : 1632
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Platt , S. R. and Clydesdale , F. M. 1985 . Binding of iron by lignin in the presence of various concentrations of calcium, magnesium and zinc . J. Food Sci. , 50 : 1322
   Google Scholar
• Wieber , J. , Kulik , F. , Pethica , B. A. and Zuman , P. 1988 . Sorption of lignin, wood and cellulose. III. Cop‐per(II) and zinc(II) ions . Colloids Surf. , 33 : 141
   Google Scholar
• Koseki , M. , Kitabatake , N. , Doi , E. , Yasuno , T. , Ogino , S. , Ito , A. and Endo , F. 1986 . Determination of pectin in the presence of food polysaccharides . J. Food Sci. , 51 : 1329
   Google Scholar
• Andon , S. A. 1987 . Applications of soluble dietary fiber . Food Technol. , 41 : 74
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zemel , M. B. and Zemel , P. C. 1985 . Effects of food gums on zinc and iron solubility following in vitro digestion . J. Food Sci. , 50 : 547
   Google Scholar
• Ha , Y. W. , Thomas , R. L. , Dyck , L. A. and Kunkel , M. E. 1989 . Calcium binding of two microalgal polysaccharides and selected industrial hydrocol‐loids . J. Food Sci. , 54 : 1336
   Google Scholar
• Tuning , B. , Rémésy , C. and Demigné , C. 1987 . Specific effects of guar gum or gum arabic on adaptation of cecal digestion to high fiber diets in the rat . J. Nutr. , 117 : 1556
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vahouny , G. V. , Khalafi , R. , Satchithanandam , S. , Watkins , D. W. , Story , J. A. , Cassidy , M. M. and Kritchevsky , D. 1987 . Dietary fiber supplementation and fecal bile acids, neutral steroids and divalent cations in rats . J. Nutr. , 117 : 2009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanderson , G. R. 1981 . Polysaccharides in foods . Food Technol. , 35 : 50
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schweizer , T. F. 1989 . Dietary fibre analysis . Lebensm. Wiss. Technol. , 22 : 54
   Google Scholar
• Prosky , L. , Asp , N.‐G. , Schweizer , T. F. , DeVries , J. W. and Furda , I. 1988 . Determination of insoluble, soluble and total dietary fiber in foods and food products: interlaboratory study . J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. , 71 : 1017
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mongeau , R. and Brassard , R. 1986 . A rapid method for the determination of soluble and insoluble dietary fiber: comparison with AOAC total dietary fiber procedure and Englyst's method . J. Food Sci. , 51 : 1333
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manas , E. , Abia , R. and Saura‐Calixto , F. 1990 . Some problems associated with the determination of dietary fiber in citrus by the AOAC method . paper presented at FIBRE 90, Chemical and Biological Aspects of Dietary Fibre . April 17 to 20 1990 , Norwich. pp. 1
   Google Scholar
• Marlett , J. A. 1990 . “ Analysis of dietary fiber in human foods ” . In Dietary Fiber (Chemistry, Physiology and Health Effects) , Edited by: Kritchevsky , D. , Bonfield , Ch. and Anderson , J. W. 31 New York : Plenum Press .
   Google Scholar
• Theander , O. and Westerlund , E. A. 1986 . Studies on dietary fiber. III. Improved procedures for analysis of dietary fiber . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 34 : 330
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham , H. , Rydberg , M.‐B. G. and Aman , P. 1988 . Extraction of soluble dietary fiber . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 36 : 494
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson , P. E. 1989 . Overview. What can in vitro methods tell us about mineral availability? . Biol. Trace Elem. Res. , 19 : 3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox , M. R. S. and Tao , S.‐H. 1989 . Antinutritive effects of phytate and other phosphorylated derivatives . Nutr. Toxicol. , 3 : 59
   Google Scholar
• Erdman , J. W. Jr. 1979 . Oilseed phytates: nutritional implications . J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. , 56 : 736
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maga , J. A. 1982 . Phytate: its chemistry, occurrence, food interactions, nutritional significance, and methods of analysis . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 30 : 1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graf , E. 1983 . Applications of phytic acids . J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. , 60 : 1861
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheryan , M. 1980 . Phytic acid interactions in food systems . CRC Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. , 13 : 297
   Google Scholar
• Pawar , V. D. and Ingle , U. M. 1988 . Investigations on phytate‐protein‐mineral complexes in whey fractions of moth bean (Phaseolus aconitifolius Jacq) flour . J. Food Sci. Technol. , 25 : 190
   Google Scholar
• Sandstrom , B. 1989 . Zinc and dietary fibre . Scand. J. Gastroenterol. , 22 : 80
   Google Scholar
• Frølich , W. and Asp , N.‐G. 1980 . Mineral bioavailability and cereal fiber . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 33 : 2397
   Google Scholar
• Frølich , W. , Schweizer , T. F. and Asp , N.‐G. 1984 . Minerals and phytate in the analysis of dietary fiber from cereals, II . Cereal Chem. , 61 : 357
   Google Scholar
• Frølich , W. and Asp , N.‐G. 1985 . Minerals and phytate in the analysis of dietary fiber from cereals. III . Cereal Chem. , 62 : 238
   Google Scholar
• Frølich , W. and Nyman , M. 1988 . Minerals, phytate and dietary fiber in different fractions of oat‐grain . J. Cereal Sci. , 7 : 73
   Google Scholar
• Hartman , G. H. Jr. 1979 . Removal of phytate from soy protein . J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. , 56 : 731
   Google Scholar
• Johnson , L. F. and Tate , M. E. 1969 . Structure of “phy‐tic‐acids” . Can. J. Chem. , 47 : 63
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandberg , A.‐S. and Ahderinne , R. 1986 . HPLC method for determination of inositol tri‐, tetra‐, penta‐, and hexaphosphates in foods and intestinal contents . J. Food Sci. , 51 : 547
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loennerdal , B. , Sandberg , A.‐S. , Sandström , B. and Kunz , C. 1989 . Inhibitory effects of phytic acid and other inositol phosphates on zinc and calcium absorption in suckling rats . J. Nutr. , 119 : 211
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Phillippy , B. Q. , Johnston , M. R. , Tao , S.‐H. and Fox , M. R. S. 1988 . Inositol phosphates in processed foods . J. Food Sci. , 53 : 496
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zyla , K. , Koreleski , J. and Kujawski , M. 1989 . De‐phosphorylation of phytate compounds by means of acid phosphatase from Aspergillus niger . J. Sci. Food Agric. , 49 : 315
   Google Scholar
• Sandberg , A.‐S. , Andersson , H. , Carlsson , N.‐G. and Sandström , B. 1987 . Degradation products of bran phytate formed during digestion in the human small intestine: effect of extrusion cooking on digestibility . J. Nutr. , 117 : 2061
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandberg , A.‐S. and Andersson , H. 1988 . Effect of dietary phytase on the digestion of phytate in the stomach and small intestine of humans . J. Nutr. , 118 : 469
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nosworthy , N. and Caldwell , R. A. 1988 . The interaction of zinc(II) and phytic acid with soya bean gly‐cinin . J. Sci. Food Agric. , 44 : 143
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks , J. R. and Morr , C. V. 1982 . Phytate removal from soy protein isolates using ion exchange processing treatment . J. Food Sci. , 47 : 1280
   Google Scholar
• deRham , O. and Jost , T. 1979 . Phytate‐protein interactions in soybean extracts and low‐phytate soy protein products . J. Food Sci. , 44 : 596
   Google Scholar
• Alli , I. and Baker , B. E. 1981 . Constitution of leguminous seeds. A note on protein‐phytic acid interactions during isolation of acid‐soluble protein from phaseolus beans . J. Sci. Food Agric. , 32 : 588
   Google Scholar
• Rodriguez , C. J. , Morr , C. V. and Kunkel , M. E. 1985 . Effect of partial phytate removal and heat upon iron bioavailability from soy protein‐based diets . J. Food Sci. , 50 : 1072
   Google Scholar
• Champagne , E. T. and Phillippy , B. Q. 1989 . Effects of pH on calcium, zinc and phytate solubilities and complexes following in vitro digestions of soy protein isolate . J. Food. Sci. , 54 : 587
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grynspan , F. and Cheryan , M. 1989 . Phytate‐calcium interactions with by protein . J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. , 66 : 93
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Champagne , E. T. , Rao , R. M. , Liuzzo , J. A. , Robinson , J. W. , Gale , R. J. and Miller , F. 1985 . The interactions of minerals, proteins and phytic acid in rice bran . Cereal Chem. , 62 : 231
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morr , C. V. and Seo , A. 1986 . Comparison of methods to remove endogenous iron from soy protein isolates . J. Food. Sci. , 51 : 994
   Google Scholar
• Churella , H. R. and Vivian , V. M. 1989 . Effect of phytic acid level in soy protein based infant formulas on mineral availability in the rat . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 37 : 1352
   Google Scholar
• Fordyce , E. J. , Forbes , R. M. , Robbins , K. R. and Erdman , J. W. Jr. 1987 . Phytate × calcium/zinc molar ratios: are they predictive of zinc bioavaila‐bility? . J. Food Sci. , 52 : 440
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Champagne , E. T. and Hinojosa , O. 1987 . Independent and mutual interactions of copper(II) and zinc(II) ions with phytic acid . J. Inorg. Biochem. , 30 : 15
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans , W. J. , Hinojosa , O. , Martin , C. J. and Marshall , W. E. 1988 . Phytic acid manganese(II) ion interactions: a calorimetric and EPR study . J. Inorg. Biochem. , 32 : 67
   Google Scholar
• Nolan , K. B. , Duffin , P. A. and McWeeny , D. J. 1987 . Effects of phytate on mineral bioavailability. In vitro studies on Mg2+ Ca2+ Fe3+ Cu2+ and Zn2+ (also Cd2+) solubilities in the presence of phytate . J. Sci. Food Agric. , 40 : 79
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grynspan , F. and Cheryan , M. 1983 . Calcium phytate: effect of pH and molar ratio on in vitro solubility . J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. , 60 : 1761
   Google Scholar
• Martin , C. J. and Evans , W. J. 1987 . Phytic acid: divalent cation interaction. IV. A spectroscopic determination of Co(II) and Cu(II) binding . J. Inorg. Biochem. , 29 : 241
   Google Scholar
• Evans , W. J. and Martin , C. J. 1988 . Interactions of Mg(n), Co(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II) with phytic acid. VIII. A calorimetric study . J. Inorg. Biochem. , 32 : 259
   Google Scholar
• Omosaiye , O. and Cheryan , M. 1979 . Low‐phytate, full fat soy protein product by ultrafiltration of aqueous extracts of whole soybean . Cereal Chem. , 56 : 58
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hallberg , L. 1987 . Wheat fiber, phytates and iron absorption . Scand. J. Gastroenterol. , 22 : 73
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clydesdale , F. M. and Camire , A. L. 1983 . Effect of pH and heat on the binding of iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc and the loss of phytic acid in soy flour . J. Food Sci. , 48 : 1272
   Google Scholar
• Hallberg , L. , Brune , M. and Rossander , L. 1989 . Iron absorption in man: ascorbic acid and dose‐dependent inhibition by phytate . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 49 : 140
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLean Baird , I. , Fowles , J. and Lister , R. E. 1987 . Quantitative studies on faecal bulking and ion balance with Fiberform . Scand. J. Gastroenterol. , 22 : 266
   Google Scholar
• Naevert , B. , Sandström , B. and Cederblad , A. 1985 . Reduction of the phytate content of bran by leavening in bread and its effect on zinc absorption in man . Br. J. Nutr. , 53 : 47
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kivistö , B. , Andersson , H. , Cederblad , G. , Sandberg , A.‐S. and Sandström , B. 1986 . Extrusion cooking of a high‐fibre cereal product. II. Effects on apparent absorption of zinc, iron, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus in humans . Br. J. Nutr. , 55 : 255
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morris , E. R. and Ellis , R. 1985 . “ Trace element nutriture of adult men consuming three levels of phytate ” . In Trace Elements in Man and Animals , Edited by: Mills , C. F. , Bremner , I. and Chesters , J. K. Vol. 5 , 443 Slough, , England : Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux .
   Google Scholar
• Morris , E. R. and Ellis , R. 1985 . “ Bioavailability of dietary calcium. Effect of phytate on adult men consuming nonvegetarian diets ” . In Nutritional Bioavailability of Calcium , ACS Symp. Ser. 275 Edited by: Kies , C. 63 Washington, D.C. : American Chemical Society .
   Google Scholar
• Nelson , T. S. and Kirby , L. K. 1987 . The calcium binding properties of natural phytate in chick diets . Nutr. Rep. Int. , 35 : 949
   Google Scholar
• House , W. A. and Welch , R. M. 1987 . Bioavailability to rats of iron in six varieties of wheat grain intrinsically labeled with radioiron . J. Nutr. , 117 : 476
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loennerdal , B. , Bell , J. G. , Hendrikx , A. G. , Burns , R. A. and Keen , C. L. 1988 . Effect of phytate removal on zinc absorption from soy formula . Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , 48 : 1301
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hunt , J. R. , Johnson , P. E. and Swan , P. B. 1989 . The dynamic nature of zinc availability from foods in vivo. Implications for in vitro methods . Biol. Trace Elem. Res. , 19 : 119
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Graft , E. 1983 . Calcium binding to phytic acid . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 31 : 851
   Google Scholar
• Nojeim , S. J. , Clydesdale , F. M. and Zajicek , O. T. 1985 . Effect of redox potential on iron valence in model systems and foods . J. Food Sci. , 46 : 1265
   Google Scholar
• O'Brien , J. and Morrissey , P. A. 1989 . Nutritional and toxicological aspects of the Maillard browning reaction in foods . CRC Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. , 28 : 211
   Google Scholar
• Herrmann , K. 1989 . Occurrence and content of hydrox‐ycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acid compounds in foods . CRC Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. , 28 : 315
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rendleman , J. A. Jr. and Inglett , G. E. 1990 . The influence of Cu2+ in the Maillard reaction . Carbo‐hydr. Res. , 201 : 311
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrieux , C. and Sacquet , E. 1984 . Effects of Maillard's reaction products on apparent mineral absorption in different parts of the digestive tract. The role of mi‐croflora . Reprod. Nutr. Div. , 24 : 379
   PubMedGoogle Scholar