731
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Links between Parent-Child Emotion Talk and Preschoolers’ Socioemotional Behaviors in Chinese-Heritage Families

, , & ORCID Icon

References

  • Bassett, H. H., Denham, S., Mincic, M., & Graling, K. (2012). The structure of preschoolers’ emotion knowledge: Model equivalence and validity using a structural equation modeling approach. Early Education and Development, 23(3), 259–279. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2012.630825
  • Bassett, H. H., Denham, S. A., Mohtasham, M., & Austin, N. (2020). Psychometric properties of the book readings for an Affective classroom Education (BRACE) coding system. Reading Psychology, 41(4), 322–346. https://doi.org/10.1080/02702711.2020.1768980
  • Behrens, K. Y. (2004). A multifaceted view of the concept of amae: Reconsidering the indigenous Japanese concept of relatedness. Human Development, 47(1), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1159/000075366
  • Berndt, T. J., Cheung, P. C., Lau, S., Hau, K.-T., & Lew, W. J. F. (1993). Perceptions of parenting in mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong: Sex differences and societal differences. Developmental Psychology, 29(1), 156–164. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.29.1.156
  • Bond, M. H. (2010). Moving the scientific study of Chinese psychology into our twenty-first century: Some ways forward. In M. H. Bond (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of Chinese psychology (pp. 711–715). Oxford University Press.
  • Bond, M. H., & Hwang, K. K. (1986). The social psychology of Chinese people. In M. H. Bond (Ed.), The psychology of the Chinese people (pp. 213–266). Oxford University Press.
  • Brown, J. R., & Dunn, J. (1996). Continuities in emotion understanding from three to six years. Child Development, 67(3), 789–802. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01764.x
  • Brownell, C. A., Svetlova, M., Anderson, R., Nichols, S. R., & Drummond, J. (2013). Socialization of early prosocial behavior: Parents’ talk about emotions is associated with sharing and helping in toddlers. Infancy, 18(1), 91–119. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7078.2012.00125.x
  • Butler, E. A., Lee, T. L., & Gross, J. J. (2007). Emotion regulation and culture: Are the social consequences of emotion suppression culture-specific? Emotion, 7(1), 30–48. https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.7.1.30
  • Census (2000). The Population of the Aborigines in the Taiwan Area. http://www.dgbas.gov.tw/public/Attachment/53114475571.pdf
  • Chang, T., & Karl Kwan, K.-L. (2009). Asian American racial and ethnic identity. In N. Tewari & A. N. Alvarez (Eds.), Asian American psychology: Current perspectives (pp. 113–133). Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Chang, C., & Liu, H. (2011). Literature review of research on parent-child joint book reading in Taiwan. Bulletin of Education Psychology, 43, 315–336.
  • Chen, X. (2000). Growing up in a collectivist culture: Socialization and socioemotional development in Chinese children. In A. L. Comunian & U. P. Gielen (Eds.), International perspectives on human development (pp. 331–353). Pabst Science Publishers.
  • Chen, S. H., Hua, M., Zhou, Q., Tao, A., Lee, E. H., Ly, J., & Main, A. (2014). Parent–child cultural orientations and child adjustment in Chinese American immigrant families. Developmental Psychology, 50(1), 189–201. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032473
  • Chung, S., Zhou, Q., Kho, C., & Main, A. (2021). Parent–child conflict profiles in Chinese American immigrant families: Links to sociocultural factors and school-age children’s psychological adjustment. Family Process, 60(1), 169–185. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12546
  • Clifford, S., Lemery-Chalfant, K., & Goldsmith, H. H. (2015). The unique and shared genetic and environmental contributions to fear, anger, and sadness in childhood. Child Development, 86(5), 1538–1556. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12394
  • Cole, P. M., & Tan, P. Z. (2007). Emotion socialization from a cultural perspective. In J. E. Grusec & P. D. Hastings (Eds.), Handbook of socialization: Theory and research (pp. 516–542). NY: Guilford Press.
  • Consumer Price Index, San Francisco Area (2021, January 13). U.S Bureau of Labor Statistics. Retrieved January 14, 2021, from https://www.bls.gov/regions/west/news-release/consumerpriceindex_sanfrancisco.htm
  • Curtis, K., Zhou, Q., & Tao, A. (2020). Emotion talk in Chinese American immigrant families and longitudinal links to children’s socioemotional competence. Developmental Psychology, 56(3), 475–488. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000806
  • Deng, L., & Chan, W. (2017). Testing the difference between reliability coefficients Alpha and Omega. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 77(2), 185–203. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164416658325
  • Denham, S. A. (2006). Social-emotional competence as support for school readiness: What is it and how do we assess it? Early Education and Development, 17(1), 57–89. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15566935eed1701_4
  • Denham, S. A., & Auerbach, S. (1995). Mother-child dialogue about emotions and preschoolers’ emotional competence. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 121(3), 313–337.
  • Denham, S. A., Cook, M., & Zoller, D. (1992). ‘Baby looks very sad’: Implications of conversations about feelings between mother and preschooler. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 10(3), 301–315. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-835X.1992.tb00579.x
  • Denham, S. A., Workman, E., Cole, P. M., Weissbrod, C., Kendziora, K. T., & Zahn–waxler, C. (2000). Prediction of externalizing behavior problems from early to middle childhood: The role of parental socialization and emotion expression. Development and Psychopathology, 12(1), 23–45. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579400001024
  • Doan, S. N., & Wang, Q. (2010). Maternal discussions of mental states and behaviors: Relations to emotion situation knowledge in European American and immigrant Chinese children. Child Development, 81(5), 1490–1503. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01487.x
  • Dunn, J., Brown, J., & Beardsall, L. (1991). Family talk about feeling states and children’s later understanding of others‘ emotions. Developmental Psychology, 27(3), 448–455. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.27.3.448
  • Eisenberg, N., Cumberland, A., & Spinrad, T. L. (1998). Parental socialization of emotion. Psychological Inquiry, 9(4), 241–273. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli0904_1
  • Evans, G. W., Kim, P., Ting, A. H., Tesher, H. B., & Shannis, D. (2007). Cumulative risk, maternal responsiveness, and allostatic load among young adolescents. Developmental Psychology, 43(2), 341–351. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.43.2.341
  • Fan, Y. (2000). A classification of Chinese culture. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 7(2), 3–10. https://doi.org/10.1108/13527600010797057
  • Ferrier, D. E., Karalus, S. P., Denham, S. A., & Bassett, H. H. (2018). Indirect effects of cognitive self-regulation on the relation between emotion knowledge and emotionality. Early Child Development and Care, 188(7), 966–979. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2018.1445730
  • Fivush, R., Brotman, M. A., Buckner, J. P., & Goodman, S. H. (2000). Gender differences in parent-child emotion narratives. Sex Roles, 42(3/4), 233–253. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007091207068
  • Fogel, A., Nwokah, E., Dedo, J. Y., Messinger, D., Dickson, K. L., Matusov, E., & Holt, S. A. (1992). Social process theory of emotion: A dynamic systems approach. Social Development, 1(2), 122–142. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.1992.tb00116.x
  • Fung, H., Miller, P. J., & Lin, L.-C. (2004). Listening Is Active: Lessons From the Narrative Practices of Taiwanese Families. In M. W. Pratt & B. H. Fiese (Eds.), Family stories and the life course: Across time and generations (pp. 303–323). Erlbaum.
  • Garner, P. W. (2006). Prediction of prosocial and emotional competence from maternal behavior in African American preschoolers. Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, 12(2), 179–198. https://doi.org/10.1037/1099-9809.12.2.179
  • Garner, P. W., Dunsmore, J. C., & Southam-Gerrow, M. (2008). Mother–Child Conversations about Emotions: Linkages to Child Aggression and Prosocial Behavior. Social Development, 17(2), 259–277. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2007.00424.x
  • Garrett-Peters, P., Mills-Koonce, R., Adkins, D., Vernon-Feagans, L., & Cox, M. (2008). Early environmental correlates of maternal emotion talk. Parenting, 8(2), 117–152. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295190802058900
  • Goldsmith, H. H., Reilly, J., Lemery, K. S., Longley, S., & Prescott, A. (1993). Preschool laboratory temperament assessment battery (PS Lab-TAB; Technical Report Version 1.0). Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin–Madison.
  • Gonzales, N. A., Fabrett, F. C., & Knight, G. P. (2009). Acculturation, enculturation, and the psychosocial adaptation of Latino youth. In F. A. Villarruel, G. Carlo, J. M. Grau, M. Azmitia, N. J. Cabrera, & T. J. Chahin (Eds.), Handbook of U.S. Latino psychology: Developmental and community-based perspectives (pp. 115–134). Sage Publications, Inc.
  • Goodman, R. (1997). The strengths and difficulties questionnaire: A research note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 38(5), 581–586. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x
  • Green, S. B., & Yang, Y. (2009). Commentary on coefficient alpha: A cautionary tale. Psychometrika, 74(1), 121–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11336-008-9098-4
  • Gross, J. J. (2002). Emotion regulation: Affective, cognitive, and social consequences. Psychophysiology, 39(3), 281–291. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0048577201393198
  • Guzman, G. (2019, September 26). U.S. median household income up in 2018 from 2017. The United States Census Bureau. US Department of Commerce. Retrieved January 14, 2021 from: www.census.gov/library/stories/2019/09/us-median-household-income-up-in-2018-from-2017.html
  • Harris, P. L., de Rosnay, M., & Pons, F. (2005). Language and Children’s Understanding of Mental States. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14(2), 69–73. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0963-7214.2005.00337.x
  • Hernández, M. M., Eisenberg, N., Valiente, C., Spinrad, T. L., VanSchyndel, S. K., Diaz, A., Silva, K. M., Berger, R. H., & Southworth, J. (2017). Observed emotions as predictors of quality of kindergartners’ social relationships. Social Development, 26(1), 21–39. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12179
  • Hoff-Ginsberg, E. (1991). Mother-child conversation in different social classes and communicative settings. Child Development, 62(4), 782–796. https://doi.org/10.2307/1131177
  • IBM Corp. (2020). IBM SPSS statistics for macintosh, version 27.0.
  • Ip, K. I., Miller, A. L., Karasawa, M., Hirabayashi, H., Kazama, M., Wang, L., Olson, S. L., Kessler, D., & Tardif, T. (2021). Emotion expression and regulation in three cultures: Chinese, Japanese, and American preschoolers’ reactions to disappointment. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 201, 104972. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2020.104972
  • Izard, C. E., & Ackerman, B. P. (2000). Motivational, organizational, and regulatory functions of discrete emotions. In M. Lewis & J. M. Haviland-Jones (Eds.), Handbook of Emotions 2nd edition (pp. 253–264). Guilford Press.
  • Izard, C. E., Woodburn, E. M., Finlon, K. J., Krauthamer-Ewing, E. S., Grossman, S. R., & Seidenfeld, A. (2011). Emotion knowledge, emotion utilization, and emotion regulation. Emotion Review, 3(1), 44–52. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073910380972
  • Jiang, S., & Han, M. (2016). Parental beliefs on children’s play: Comparison among mainland Chinese, Chinese immigrants in the USA, and European-Americans. Early Child Development and Care, 186(3), 341–352. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2015.1030633
  • Kahle, S., Grady, J. S., Miller, J. G., Lopez, M., & Hastings, P. D. (2017). Maternal emotion socialization and the development of inhibitory control in an emotional condition. Infant and Child Development, 26(1), e1970. https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.1970
  • Koo, T. K., & Li, M. Y. (2016). A guideline of selecting and reporting intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability research. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine, 15(2), 155–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcm.2016.02.012
  • LaBounty, J., Wellman, H. M., Olson, S., Lagattuta, K., & Liu, D. (2008). Mothers‘ and fathers‘ use of internal state talk with their young children. Social Development, 17(4), 757–775. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2007.00450.x
  • Lagattuta, K. H., & Wellman, H. M. (2002). Differences in early parent-child conversations about negative versus positive emotions: Implications for the development of psychological understanding. Developmental Psychology, 38(4), 564–580. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.38.4.564
  • Lin, C.-H., & Jiang, D.-Y. (2019). A review of emotional display rules: Roles in Chinese context. Indigenous Psychological Research in Chinese Societies, (51), 169–228. https://doi.org/10.6254/IPRCS.201906_(51).0004
  • Luo, Y.-H., Snow, C. E., & Chang, C.-J. (2012). Mother–child talk during joint book reading in low-income American and Taiwanese families. First Language, 32(4), 494–511. https://doi.org/10.1177/0142723711422631
  • Ma, J. (2020). Parenting in Chinese immigrant families: A critical review of consistent and inconsistent findings. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29(3), 831–844. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01642-y
  • Mauss, I. B., & Butler, E. A. (2010). Cultural context moderates the relationship between emotion control values and cardiovascular challenge versus threat responses. Biological Psychology, 84(3), 521–530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2009.09.010
  • Mayer, M. (1969). Frog, where are you? Dial Books for Young Readers.
  • Milburn, T. F., Girolametto, L., Weitzman, E., & Greenberg, J. (2014). Enhancing preschool educators’ ability to facilitate conversations during shared book reading. Journal of Early Childhood Literacy, 14(1), 105–140. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468798413478261
  • Morelen, D., & Suveg, C. (2012). A real-time analysis of parent-child emotion discussions: The interaction is reciprocal. Journal of Family Psychology, 26(6), 998–1003. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030148
  • Morris, A. S., Silk, J. S., Steinberg, L., Myers, S. S., & Robinson, L. R. (2007). The role of the family context in the development of emotion regulation. Social Development, 16(2), 361–388. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2007.00389.x
  • Noble, C., Sala, G., Peter, M., Lingwood, J., Rowland, C., Gobet, F., & Pine, J. (2019). The impact of shared book reading on children’s language skills: A meta-analysis. Educational Research Review, 28, 100290. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2019.100290
  • Pavlenko, A. (2008). Emotion and emotion-laden words in the bilingual lexicon. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 11(2), 147–164. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728908003283
  • Raval, V. V., & Walker, B. L. (2019). Unpacking ‘culture’: Caregiver socialization of emotion and child functioning in diverse families. Developmental Review, 51, 146–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2018.11.001
  • Roosa, M. W., Liu, F. F., Torres, M., Gonzales, N. A., Knight, G. P., & Saenz, D. (2008). Sampling and recruitment in studies of cultural influences on adjustment: A case study with Mexican Americans. Journal of Family Psychology, 22(2), 293–302. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.22.2.293
  • Russell, J. A., & Bullock, M. (1986). On the dimensions preschoolers use to interpret facial expressions of emotion. Developmental Psychology, 22(1), 97–102. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.22.1.97
  • Ryder, A. G., Sunohara, M., Dere, J., & Chentsova-Dutton, Y. E. (2018). The cultural shaping of alexithymia. In O. Luminet, R. M. Bagby, & G. J. Taylor (Eds.), Alexithymia: Advances in research, theory, and clinical practice (pp. 33–48). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108241595.005
  • Shih, Y.-P. (2019). Social class and cosmopolitan parenting in Taiwanese families. Journal of Family Issues, 40(14), 1963–1988. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X19863210
  • Slobin, D. I. (1996). From “thought and language” to “thinking for speaking. In J. J. Gumperz & S. C. Levinson (Eds.), Studies in the social and cultural foundations of language, No. 17. Rethinking linguistic relativity (pp. 70–96). Cambridge University Press.
  • Spinrad, T. L., Eisenberg, N., Granger, D. A., Eggum, N. D., Sallquist, J., Haugen, R. G., Kupfer, A., & Hofer, C. (2009). Individual differences in preschoolers‘ salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase reactivity: Relations to temperament and maladjustment. Hormones and Behavior, 56(1), 133–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2009.03.020
  • Steiner, P. M., Cook, T. D., Shadish, W. R., & Clark, M. H. (2010). The importance of covariate selection in controlling for selection bias in observational studies. Psychological Methods, 15(3), 250–267. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018719
  • Stone, L. L., Otten, R., Ringlever, L., Hiemstra, M., Engels, R. C. M. E., Vermulst, A. A., & Janssens, J. M. A. M. (2013). The parent version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: Omega as an alternative to alpha and a test for measurement invariance. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 29(1), 44–50. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000119
  • Super, C. M., & Harkness, S. (1994). The developmental niche. In W. J. Lonner & R. S. Malpass (Eds.), Psychology and culture (pp. 95–99). Allyn & Bacon.
  • Tao, A., Zhou, Q., Lau, N., & Liu, H. (2013). Chinese American immigrant mothers’ discussion of emotion with children: Relations to cultural orientations. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 44(3), 478–501. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022112453318
  • Taylor, C. L., Zubrick, S. R., & Christensen, D. (2016). Barriers to parent–child book reading in early childhood. International Journal of Early Childhood, 48(3), 295–309. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13158-016-0172-2
  • Teng, Y. P. T., Kuo, L. T. W., & Zhou, Q. (2018). Maternal employment and family socioeconomic status: Unique relations to maternal stress, parenting beliefs, and preschoolers’ adjustment in Taiwanese families. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 27(11), 3506–3519. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-018-1173-6
  • Tsai, J. L., & Chentsova-Dutton, Y. (2002). Models of cultural orientation: Differences between American-born and overseas-born Asians. In K. Kurasaki, S. Okazaki, & S. Sue (Eds.), Asian American mental health: Assessment theories and methods (pp. 95–106). Kluwer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0735-2_7
  • Tseng, C. Y., Chang, C. O., & Hua, C. C. (2005). The dynamic relationship of rents and prices among Taipei housing spatial submarkets. Journal of Housing Study, 14(2), 27–49. https://doi.org/10.6375/JHS.200512.0027
  • Van Der Lely, H. K. J., & Stollwerck, L. (1997). Binding theory and grammatical specific language impairment in children. Cognition, 62(3), 245–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-0277(96)00783-4
  • Wang, Q. (2001). “Did you have fun?”: American and Chinese mother-child conversations about shared emotional experiences. Cognitive Development, 16(2), 693–715. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0885-2014(01)00055-7
  • Wang, Q. (2003). Emotion situation knowledge in American and Chinese preschool children and adults. Cognition & Emotion, 17(5), 725–746. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930302285
  • Wang, Q. (2013). Chinese socialization and emotion talk between mothers and children in native and immigrant Chinese families. Asian American Journal of Psychology, 4(3), 185–192. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030868
  • Wang, J., & Barrett, K. C. (2015). Differences between American and Chinese preschoolers in emotional responses to resistance to temptation and mishap contexts. Motivation and Emotion, 39(3), 420–433.
  • Wang, Q., & Fivush, R. (2005). Mother-child conversations of emotionally salient events: Exploring the functions of emotional reminiscing in European-American and Chinese families. Social Development, 14(3), 473–495. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2005.00312.x
  • Way, N., Okazaki, S., Zhao, J., Kim, J. J., Chen, X., Yoshikawa, H., Jia, Y., & Deng, H. (2013). Social and emotional parenting: Mothering in a changing Chinese society. Asian American Journal of Psychology, 4(1), 61–70. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031204
  • Williams, A. I., Uchikoshi, Y., Bunge, S. A., & Zhou, Q. (2019). Relations of English and heritage language proficiency to response inhibition and attention shifting in dual language learners in head start. Early Education and Development, 30(3), 357–374.
  • Xiao, S. X., Spinrad, T. L., & Eisenberg, N. (2019). Longitudinal relations of preschoolers’ dispositional and situational anger to their prosocial behavior: The moderating role of shyness. Social Development, 28(2), 383–397. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12346
  • Xu, Y., Farver, J. A. M., & Pauker, K. (2015). Ethnic identity and self-esteem among Asian and European Americans: When a minority is the majority and the majority is a minority. European Journal of Social Psychology, 45(1), 62–76. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2061
  • Yu, J., Sun, S., & Cheah, C. S. L. (2016). Multitrait–multimethod analysis of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in young Asian American children. Assessment, 23(5), 603–613. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191115586459

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.