The Mediating Role of Maternal Psychological Capital on the Relationship between Social Support and Parenting Competence: Evidence from Chinese Mothers

References

• Álvarez, M., Byrne, S., & Rodrigo, M. J. (2021). Social support dimensions predict parental outcomes in a Spanish early intervention program for positive parenting. Children and Youth Services Review, 121, 105823. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105823
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Angley, M., Divney, A., Magriples, U., & Kershaw, T. (2015). Social support, family functioning and parenting competence in adolescent parents. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 19(1), 67–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-014-1496-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arellano, A., Denne, L. D., Hastings, R. P., & Hughes, J. C. (2019). Parenting sense of competence in mothers of children with autism: Associations with parental expectations and levels of family support needs. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 44(2), 212–218. https://doi.org/10.3109/13668250.2017.1350838
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayala-Nunes, L., Nunes, C., & Lemos, I. (2017). Social support and parenting stress in at-risk Portuguese families. Journal of Social Work, 17(2), 207–225. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468017316640200
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benson, P. R. (2012). Network characteristics, perceived social support, and psychological adjustment in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 42(12), 2597–2610. doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1517-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, S. G., Hudson, D. B., Campbell-Grossman, C., Kupzyk, K. A., Yates, B. C., & Hanna, K. M. (2018). Social support, parenting competence, and parenting satisfaction among adolescent, African American mothers. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 40(4), 502–519. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193945916682724
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryanton, J., Gagnon, A. J., Hatem, M., & Johnston, C. (2008). Predictors of early parenting self-efficacy: Results of a prospective cohort study. NursingResearchh, 57(4), 252–259. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NNR.0000313490.56788.cd
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carmona-Halty, M., Salanova, M., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2020). The strengthening starts at home: Parent-child relationships, psychological capital, and academic performance–a longitudinal mediation analysis. Current Psychology, 41, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-00898-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carol, M. L. (2007). Well-being, spirituality, and hope as predictors of parenting sense of competence in mothers of children with autism. Fordham University.
   Google Scholar
• Chavis, L. (2016). Mothering and anxiety: Social support and competence as mitigating factors for first-time mothers. Social Work in Health Care, 55(6), 461–480. https://doi.org/10.1080/00981389.2016.1170749
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, Y., & Sun, Y. (2021). The new policy of “three children”: Origin, expected effect and policy suggestions. Population & Society, 37(3), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.14132/j.2095-7963.2021.03.001
   Google Scholar
• Cho, I. Y., Moon, S. H., & Yun, J. Y. (2021). Mediating and moderating effects of family cohesion between positive psychological capital and health behavior among early childhood parents in dual working families: A focus on the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(9), 4781. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094781
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung, F. F., Wan, G. H., Kuo, S. C., Lin, K. C., & Liu, H. E. (2018). Mother-infant interaction quality and sense of parenting competence at six months postpartum for first-time mothers in Taiwan: A multiple time-series design. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 18(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-018-1979-7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Coert, S. L., Adebiyi, B. O., Rich, E., & Roman, N. V. (2021). A comparison of the relationship between parental efficacy and social support systems of single teen mothers across different family forms in South African low socioeconomic communities. BMC women's health, 21(1), 1–11. doi:10.1186/s12905-021-01300-w.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98(2), 310. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.98.2.310
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidson Arad, B., McLeigh, J. D., & Katz, C. (2020). Perceived collective efficacy and parenting competence: The roles of quality of life and hope. Family Process, 59(1), 273–287. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12405
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douglas, A. M. (2018). It takes a village to raise a child: Perceived community support and parenting satisfaction and efficacy among american indian young mothers ( Order No. 10935650). Available from Publicly Available Content Database. (2114973695). https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/takes-village-raise-child-perceived-community/docview/2114973695/se-2
   Google Scholar
• Gibaud-Wallston, J. (1977). Self-esteem and situational stress: Factors related to sense of competence in new parents. [Doctoral dissertation]. George Peabody College for Teachers.
   Google Scholar
• Gorgens-Ekermans, G., & Herbert, M. (2013). Psychological capital: Internal and external validity of the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ-24) on a South African sample. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 39(2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajip.v39i2.1131
   Google Scholar
• Harding, J. F., Morris, P. A., & Hughes, D. (2015). The relationship between maternal education and children’s academic outcomes: A theoretical framework. Journal of Marriage and Family, 77(1), 60–76. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12156
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes, A. F. (2012). PROCESS: A versatile computational tool for observed variable mediation, moderation, and conditional process modeling [White paper]. Retrieved from http://www.afhayes.com/public/process2012.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Hong, X., & Zhu, W. (2020). Construction of family support system for infant care under the comprehensive two-child policy – An investigation and analysis based on parenting pressure, parental dilemma, and social support. Journal of Educational Studies, 16(1), 35–42. https://doi.org/10.14082/j.cnki.1673-1298.2020.01.005
   Google Scholar
• Hong, X., & Liu, Q. (2021). Parenting Stress, Social Support and Parenting Self-Efficacy in Chinese Families: Does the Number of Children Matter? Early Child Development and Care, 191(14), 2269–2280. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2019.1702036
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoven, M. R. (2012). Investigating the relationship between perceived social support and parent self-efficacy in parents of preschool-aged children. [Doctoral dissertation]. The University of British Columbia.
   Google Scholar
• Izzo, C., Weiss, L., Shanahan, T., & Rodriguez-Brown, F. (2000). Parental self-efficacy and social support as predictors of parenting practices and children’s socioemotional adjustment in Mexican immigrant families. Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community, 20(1–2), 197–213. https://doi.org/10.1300/J005v20n01_13
   Google Scholar
• Jones, T. L., & Prinz, R. J. (2005). Potential roles of parental self-efficacy in parent and child adjustment: A review. Clinical Psychology Review, 25(3), 341–363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2004.12.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karp, S. M., Lutenbacher, M., & Wallston, K. A. (2015). Evaluation of the parenting sense of competence scale in mothers of infants. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(11), 3474–3481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10826-015-0149-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knauth, D. G. (2000). Predictors of parental sense of competence for the couple during the transition to parenthood. Research in Nursing & Health, 23(6), 496–509. https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-240X(200012)23:6<496::AID-NUR8>3.0.CO;2-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwok, S. Y. C. L., & Wong, D. (2000). Mental health of parents with young children in Hong Kong: The roles of parenting stress and parenting self-efficacy. Child and Family Social Work, 5(1), 57–65. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2206.2000.00138.x
   Google Scholar
• Li, B., Ma, H., Guo, Y., Xu, F., Yu, F., & Zhou, Z. (2014). Positive psychological capital: A new approach to social support and subjective well-being. Social Behavior and Personality: an International Journal, 42(1), 135–144. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2014.42.1.135
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, M., Qimu, T., Zhang, Q., Wang, L., and Guan, Y. (2017). A comparative analysis of parental pressure and social support between China and Japan in the era of low fertility. Studies in Early Childhood Education, (3), 46–54. https://doi.org/10.13861/j.cnki.sece.2017.03.005
   Google Scholar
• Li, H. X., Xiong, F., Tan, M., Li, X., & Liu, S. (2020). Relationship between parental pressure, positive psychological capital and social support in fathers of preterm infants. Journal of Clinical and Pathological Research, 1(12), 3235–3242. https://doi.org/10.3978/j.2095-6959.2020.12.023
   Google Scholar
• Li, Y. (2020). On the cold of the “two-child policy” under the current social situation. Modern Marketing (Information Version), (3), 228. CNKI:SUN:XIXX.
   Google Scholar
• Li, X. Y., Mao, K. N., Mi, X. Y., Gao, L. L., Yang, X., Tao, H. F., Zhang, Y. W., Chen, J., Wang, X., Shen, L. J., Yuan, J. L., Miao, M., & Zhou, H. (2021). Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of parenting sense of competence scale in mothers of preschool children. Beijing da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban= Journal of Peking University. Health Sciences, 53(3), 479–484. https://doi.org/10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2021.03.007
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Li, Z., Ge, J., and Feng, J., Jiang, R., Zhou, Q., Xu, X., . & Liu, C. (2021). Less social support for patients with COVID-19: Comparison with the experience of nurses. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 554435.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo, J., Yang, C., Zhu, X., & Li, Y. (2020). The role of social support in alleviating the pressure of family parenting – An analysis based on the community family support service project of early childhood development. Studies in Early Childhood Education, 1(7), 39–49. https://doi.org/10.13861/j.cnki.sece.2020.07.005
   Google Scholar
• Luthans, F., Youssef, C. M., & Avolio, B. J. (2007). Psychological capital: Developing the human competitive edge (Vol. 198). Oxford university press.
   Google Scholar
• Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Avey, J. B., & Norman, S. M. (2007). Positive psychological capital: Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. Personnel Psychology, 60(3), 541–572. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2007.00083.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luthans, F., Avey, J. B., Avolio, B. J., & Peterson, S. J. (2010). The development and resulting performance impact of positive psychological capital. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 21(1), 41–67. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.20034
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacPhee, D., Fritz, J., & Miller‐Heyl, J. (1996). Ethnic variations in personal social networks and parenting. Child Development, 67(6), 3278–3295. https://doi.org/10.2307/1131779
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathew, S., Zhai, F., & Gao, Q. (2017). Social support and parental nurturance among Asian Indian families in the US: Mediating role of parenting self-efficacy. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 38(3), 354–369.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milgrom, J., Hirshler, Y., Reece, J., Holt, C., & Gemmill, A. W. (2019). Social support—a protective factor for depressed perinatal women? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(8), 1426. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16081426
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minglu, L., Fang, F., Guanxi, L., Yuxiang, Z., Chaoqiong, D., & Xueqin, Z. (2020). Influencing factors and correlation of anxiety, psychological stress sources, and psychological capital among women pregnant with a second child in Guangdong and Shandong Province. Journal of Affective Disorders, 264, 115–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.148
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ngai, F. W., Chan, S. W. C., & Holroyd, E. (2007). Translation and validation of a Chinese version of the parenting sense of competence scale in Chinese mothers. Nursing Research, 56(5), 348–354. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NNR.0000289499.99542.94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nolzen, N. (2018). The concept of psychological capital: A comprehensive review. Management Review Quarterly, 68(3), 237–277. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-018-0138-6
   Google Scholar
• Ogueji, A. I., & Olley, O. B. (2019). Psychological capital, burden of care and demographic variables as predictors of psychological wellbeing among needy single parents in Lagos, Nigeria. International Journal of Health Sciences, 7(2), 93–101.
   Google Scholar
• Ohan, J. L., Leung, D. W., & Johnston, C. (2000). The parenting sense of competence scale: Evidence of a stable factor structure and validity. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue Canadienne Des Sciences du Comportement, 32(4), 251. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0087122
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oltra‐Benavent, P., Cano‐Climent, A., Oliver‐Roig, A., Cabrero‐García, J., & Richart‐Martínez, M. (2020). Spanish version of the Parenting Sense of Competence scale: Evidence of reliability and validity. Child & Family Social Work, 25(2), 373–383. https://doi.org/10.1111/cfs.12693
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raikes, H. A., & Thompson, R. A. (2005). Efficacy and social support as predictors of parenting stress among families in poverty. Infant Mental Health Journal: Official Publication of the World Association for Infant Mental Health, 26(3), 177–190. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.20044
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Renner, L. M., Cavanaugh, C. E., & Easton, S. D. (2015). Pathways linking victimization, depression, personal mastery, and perceptions of parenting competence among low-income women. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(9), 2817–2826. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-014-0086-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Respler-Herman, M., Mowder, B. A., Yasik, A. E., & Shamah, R. (2012). Parenting beliefs, parental stress, and social support relationships. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 21(2), 190–198. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-011-9462-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sayer, L. C., Gauthier, A. H., & Furstenberg, F. F., Jr. (2004). Educational differences in parents‘ time with children: Cross-national variations. Journal of Marriage and Family, 66(5), 1152–1169. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-2445.2004.00084.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharabi, A., & Marom-Golan, D. (2018). Social support, education levels, and parents’ involvement: A comparison between mothers and fathers of young children with autism spectrum disorder. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 38(1), 54–64. https://doi.org/10.1177/0271121418762511
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharif Mohammadi, F., Chorami, M., Sharifi, T., & Ghazanfari, A. (2020). Comparing the effects of group training of mindful parenting skills and psychological capital on stress and psychological flexibility in mothers with blind girl students. International Journal of School Health, 7(3), 31–38. https://doi.org/10.30476/INTJSH.2020.86895.1091
   Google Scholar
• Slagt, M., Deković, M., de Haan, A. D., van den Akker, A. L., & Prinzie, P. (2012). Longitudinal associations between mothers’ and fathers’ sense of competence and children’s externalizing problems: The mediating role of parenting. Developmental Psychology, 48(6), 1554. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027719
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Statistics Department of Henan Province. (2021). National economic accounting. https://oss.henan.gov.cn/sbgt-wztipt/attachment/hntjj/hntj/lib/tjnj/2021nj/zk/indexch.htm
   Google Scholar
• Suwansujarid, T., Vatanasomboon, P., Gaylord, N., & Lapvongwatana, P. (2013). Validation of the parenting sense of competence scale in fathers: Thai version. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 44(5), 916.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vukušic, A. M. (2018). Self-evaluation of parental competence–differences between parents with pedagogical and non-pedagogical professions. World Journal of Education, 8(2), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.5430/wje.v8n2p1
   Google Scholar
• Wei, J., & Sang, Z. (2019). The rearing dilemma and childcare anxiety of the new generation of mothers – A social psychological analysis based on new media’s “middle-aged mothers” group. China Youth Study, 10, 46–53. https://doi.org/10.19633/j.cnki.11–2579/d.20190924.014
   Google Scholar
• Xiao, S. Y. (1994). The theoretical basis and research application of social support rating scale. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 4(2), 98–100.
   Google Scholar
• Xiong, J., Hai, M., Wang, J., Li, Y., & Jiang, G. (2020). Cumulative risk and mental health in Chinese adolescents: The moderating role of psychological capital. School Psychology International, 41(5), 409–429. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143034320934524
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, X., Ke, S., & Gao, L. L. (2020). Social support, parental role competence and satisfaction among Chinese mothers and fathers in the early postpartum period: A cross-sectional study. Women and Birth, 33(3), e280–e285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2019.06.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, X., Ke, S., & Gao, L. L. (2020). Social support, parental role competence and satisfaction among Chinese mothers and fathers in the early postpartum period: A cross-sectional study. Women and Birth, 33(3), e280–e285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2019.06.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Youssef, C. M., & Luthans, F. (2012). Psychological capital. In Cameron, K. & Spreitzer, G. (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of positive organizational scholarship (pp. 17–27).
   Google Scholar
• Yuan, H., & Yue, Y. (2022). A study on the relationship between parents’ psychological capital and childcare competence of preschool children – A case study of Y District of Luoyang City. Early Education, (4), 52–56. https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?FileName=ZQJY202204012&DbName=CJFN2022
   Google Scholar
• Zhao, M., Fu, W., & Ai, J. (2021). The mediating role of social support in the relationship between parenting stress and resilience among Chinese parents of children with disability. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51(10), 3412–3422. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04806-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng, X., Morrell, J., & Watts, K. (2018). A quantitative longitudinal study to explore factors which influence maternal self-efficacy among Chinese primiparous women during the initial postpartum period. Midwifery, 59, 39–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2017.12.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar