Do Sororities Promote Members’ Health? A Study of Memorable Messages Regarding Weight and Appearance

REFERENCES

• Alexander, L. A. (1998). The prevalence of eating disorders and eating disordered behaviors in sororities. College Student Journal, 32(1), 66.
   Google Scholar
• Allison, K. C., & Park, C. L. (2004). A prospective study of disordered eating among sorority and nonsorority women. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 35, 354–358. doi:10.1002/eat.10255
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, J., & Bresnahan, M. (2012). Communicating stigma about body size. Health Communication. Advance online publication. doi:10.1080/10410236.2012.70679
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Astin, A. W. (1997). What matters in college: Four critical years revisited. Hoboken, NJ: Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Atlas, G., & Morier, D. (1994). The sorority rush process: Self-selection, acceptance criteria, and the effect of rejection. Journal of College Student Development, 35, 346–353. Retrieved from http://psycnet.apa.org/index.cfm?fa=search.displayRecord&UID=1995-15289-001
   Google Scholar
• Ballentine, S. (2010, November). Sorority fights negative body image at MSU. The State News. Retrieved from http://statenews.com/article/2010/11/sorority_fights_negative_body_image_at_msu
   Google Scholar
• Barge, J. K., & Schlueter, D. W. (2004). Memorable messages and newcomer socialization. Western Journal of Communication, 68, 233–256. doi:10.1080/10570310409374800
   Google Scholar
• Basow, S. A., Foran, K. A., & Bookwala, J. (2007). Body objectification, social pressure, and disordered eating behavior in college women: The role of sorority membership. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 31, 394–400. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.2007.00388.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergstrom, R. L. N. (2006). Body image disturbance and the social norms approach: An integrative review of the literature. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 25, 975–1000. doi:10.1521/jscp.2006.25.9.975
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Botta, R. A., & Dumlao, R. (2002). How to conflict and communication patterns between fathers and daughters contribute to or offset eating disorders? Health Communication, 14, 199–219. doi:10.1207/S15327027HC1402_3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bullis, C. (1993). Organizational socialization research: Enabling, constraining, and shifting perspectives. Communication Monographs, 60, 10–17. doi:10.1080/03637759309376289
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bullis, C., & Bach, B. W. (1989). Socialization turning points: An examination of change in organizational identification. Western Journal of Communication, 53, 273–293. doi:10.1080/10570318909374307
   Google Scholar
• Bullis, C. A., & Tompkins, P. K. (1989). The forest ranger revisited: A study of control practices and identification. Communications Monographs, 56, 287–306. doi:10.1080/03637758909390266
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burnett, A., Mattern, J. L., Herakova, L. L., Kahl, D. H., Tobola, C., & Bornsen, S. E. (2009). Communicating/muting date rape: A co-cultural theoretical analysis of communication factors related to rape culture on a college campus. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 37, 465–485. doi:10.1080/00909880903233150
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cameron, K. A., & Campo, S. (2006). Stepping back from social norms campaigns: Comparing normative influences to other predictors of health behaviors. Health Communication, 20, 277–288. doi:10.1207/s15327027hc2003_7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheney, G. (1983). On the various and changing meanings of organizational membership: A field study of organizational identification. Communication Monographs, 50, 342–362. doi:10.1080/03637758309390174
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crowne, D. P., & Marlowe, D. (1960). A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathy. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 24, 349–354. doi:10.1037/h0047358
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dailey, R., M., McCracken, A. A., & Romo, L. K. (2011). Confirmation and weight management: Predicting effective levels of acceptance and challenge in weight management messages. Communication Monographs, 78, 185–211. doi:10.1080/03637751.2011.564638
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dale, K., & Burrell, G. (2013). Being occupied: An embodied re-reading of organizational “wellness.” Organization. Advance online publication. doi:10.1177/1350508412473865
   Google Scholar
• David, P., Morrison, G., Johnson, M. A., & Ross, F. (2002). Body image, race, and fashion models. Communication Research, 29, 270–294. doi:10.1177/0093650202029003003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis, C. W., & Myers, K. K. (2012). Communication and member disengagement in planned organizational exit. Western Journal of Communication, 76, 194–216. doi:10.1080/10570314.2011.651250
   Google Scholar
• DeSantis, A. D. (2007). Inside Greek U: Fraternities, sororities, and the pursuit of pleasure, power, and prestige. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky.
   Google Scholar
• Dorsey, A. M., Scherer, C. W., & Real, K. (1999). The college tradition of “drink ‘til you drop”: The relation between students’ social networks and engaging in risky behaviors. Health Communication, 11, 313–334. doi:10.1207/S15327027HC1104_1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiske, S. T., Gilbert, D. T., & Lindzey, G. (1998). The handbook of social psychology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ford, L. A., & Ellis, B. H. (1998). A preliminary analysis of memorable support and nonsupport messages received by nurses in acute care settings. Health Communication, 10, 37–63. doi:10.1207/s15327027hc1001_3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giles, S. M., Helme, D., & Krcmar, M. (2007). Predicting disordered eating intentions among incoming college freshman: An analysis of social norms and body esteem. Communication Studies, 58, 395–410. doi:10.1080/10510970701648608
   Google Scholar
• Jablin, F. M. (1984). Assimilating new members into organizations. In R. N. Bostrom (Ed.), Communication yearbook 8 (pp. 594–626). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Jablin, F. M. (1987). Organizational entry, assimilation, and exit. In F. Jablin, L. Putnam, K. Roberts, & L. Porter (Eds.), Handbook of organizational communication: An interdisciplinary perspective (pp. 679–740). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Jablin, F. M. (2001). Organizational entry, assimilation, and disengagement/exit. In F. M. Jablin & L. L. Putnam (Eds.), The new handbook of organizational communication (pp. 732–818). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Jablin, F. M., & Krone, K. (1987). Organizational assimilation. In C. R. Berger & S. H. Chafee (Eds.), Handbook of communication science (pp. 711–746). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Keeley, M. P. (2004). Final conversations: Survivors’ memorable messages concerning religious faith and spirituality. Health Communication, 16, 87–104. doi:10.1207/S15327027HC1601_6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King, M. F., & Bruner, G. C. (2000). Social desirability bias: A neglected aspect of validity testing. Psychology & Marketing, 17, 79–103. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1520-6793(200002)17:2<79::AID-MAR2>3.0.CO;2-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knapp, M. L., Stohl, C., & Reardon, K. K. (1981). “Memorable” messages. Journal of Communication, 31, 27–41. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1981.tb00448.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kramer, M. W. (2011). Toward a communication model for the socialization of voluntary members. Communication Monographs, 78, 233–255. doi.10.1080/03637751.2011.564640
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kramer, M. W., Meisenbach, R., & Hansen, G. (2013). Communication, uncertainty, and volunteer membership. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 41, 18–39. doi:10.1080/00909882.2012.750002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krcmar, M., Giles, S., & Helme, D. (2008). Understanding the process: How mediated and peer norms affect young women’s body esteem. Communication Quarterly, 56, 111–130. doi:10.1080/01463370802031844
   Google Scholar
• Mael, F., & Ashforth, B. E. (1992). Alumni and their alma mater: A partial test of the reformulated model of organizational identification. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13(2), 103–123. doi:10.1002/job.4030130202
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCabe, M., & Ricciardelli, L. (2001). Parent, peer, and media influences on body image and strategies to both increase and decrease body size among adolescent boys and girls. Adolescence, 36, 225–240. Retrieved from http://dro.deakin.edu.au/view/DU:30001199
   Google Scholar
• McCabe, S. E., Schulenberg, J. E., Johnston, L. D., O’Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., & Kloska, D. D. (2005). Selection and socialization effects of fraternities and sororities on U.S. college student substance use: A multi-cohort national longitudinal study. Addiction, 100, 512–524. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.01038.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKinley, C. J. (2009). Investigating the influence of threat appraisals and social support on healthy eating behavior and drive for thinness. Health Communication, 24, 735–745. doi:10.1080/10410230903264303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mignerey, J. T., Rubin, R. B., & Gorden, W. I. (1995). Organizational entry: An investigation of newcomer communication behavior and uncertainty. Communication Research, 22, 54–85. doi:10.1177/009365095022001003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller-Day, M., & Marks, J. D. (2006). Perceptions of parental communication orientation, perfectionism, and disordered eating behaviors of sons and daughters. Health Communication, 19, 153–163. doi:10.1207/s15327027hc1902_7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Panhellenic Conference. (2012). NPC Annual Report 2011–2012 (p. 4). Retrieved from https://www.npcwomen.org/resources/pdf/2012%20Annual%20Report.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Nuwer, H. (2001). Wrongs of passage: Fraternities, sororities, hazing, and binge drinking. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
   Google Scholar
• O’Donnell, M. P. (2001). Health promotion in the workplace. Independence, KY: Cengage Learning.
   Google Scholar
• Pascarella, E. T., & Terenzini, P. T. (2005). How college affects students: A third decade of research. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Polivy, J., & Herman, C. P. (2002). Causes of eating disorders. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 187–213. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Risman, B. J. (1982). College women and sororities: The social construction and reaffirmation of gender roles. Urban Life, 11, 231–252. doi:10.1177/089124168201100205
   Google Scholar
• Robbins, A. (2004). Pledged: The secret life of sororities. New York, NY: Hyperion.
   Google Scholar
• Rochman, B. (2010, October). Do I look fat? Don’t ask. A campaign to ban “fat talk.” Time. Retrieved from http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,2025345,00.html
   Google Scholar
• Sacharow, F. (2010, February). Rutgers sororities join national campaign to battle eating disorders in women. Rutgers Focus. Retrieved from http://www.newjerseynewsroom.com/healthquest/rutgers-sororities-join-national-campaign-to-battle-eating-disorders-in-women
   Google Scholar
• Sanderson, C. A., Wallier, J. M., Stackdale, J. E., & Yopyk, D. J. A. (2008). Who feels discrepant and how does feeling discrepant matter? Examining the presence and consequences of feeling discrepant from personal and social norms related to thinness in American and British high school girls. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 27, 995–1020. doi:10.1521/jscp.2008.27.9.995
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanderson, C. A., Darley, J. M., & Messinger, C. S. (2002). “i’m not as thin as you think i am”: The development and consequences of feeling discrepant from the thinness norm. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 172–183. doi:10.1177/0146167202282004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheibel, D., Gibson, K., & Anderson, C. (2002). Practicing “sorority rush”: Mockery and the dramatistic rehearsing of organizational conversations. Communication Studies, 53, 219–233. doi:10.1080/10510970209388587
   Google Scholar
• Schulken, E. D., Pinciaro, P. J., Sawyer, R. G., Jensen, J. G., & Hoban, M. T. (1997). Sorority women’s body size perceptions and their weight-related attitudes and behaviors. Journal of American College Health, 46, 69–74. doi:10.1080/07448489709595590
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott, C. R. (2007). Communication and social identity theory: Existing and potential connections in organizational identification research. Communication Studies, 58, 123–138. doi:10.1080/10510970701341063
   Google Scholar
• Scott, C. R., Corman, S. R., & Cheney, G. (1998). Development of a structurational model of identification in the organization. Communication Theory, 8, 298–336. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2885.1998.tb00223.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheldon, P. (2010). Pressure to be perfect: Influences on college students’ body esteem. Southern Communication Journal, 76, 277–298. doi:10.1080/10417940903026543
   Google Scholar
• Smith, S. W., Hamel, L. M., Kotowski, M. R., Nazione, S., LaPlante, C., Atkin, C. K., & Stohl, C. (2010). Action tendency emotions evoked by memorable breast cancer messages and their association with prevention and detection behaviors. Health Communication, 25, 737–746. doi:10.1080/10410236.2010.521916
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, S. W., Nazione, S., LaPlante, C., Kotowski, M. R., Atkin, C., Skubisz, C. M., & Stohl, C. (2009). Topics and sources of memorable breast cancer messages and their impact on prevention and detection behaviors. Journal of Health Communication, 14, 293–307. doi:10.1080/10810730902805903
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stohl, C. (1986). The role of memorable messages in the process of organizational socialization. Communication Quarterly, 34, 231–249. doi:10.1080/01463378609369638
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, B. C., & Trujillo, N. (2001). Qualitative research methods. In F. M. Jablin & L. L. Putnam (Eds.), The new handbook of organizational communication (pp. 161–194). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Thorson, E. (1997). Greek and non-Greek college and university alumni: Giving, community participation, and retrospective college satisfaction. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri–Columbia Center for Advanced Social Research.
   Google Scholar
• Tompkins, P. K., & Cheney, G. (1985). Communication and unobtrusive control in contemporary organizations. In R. D. McPhee & P. K. Tompkins (Eds.), Organizational communication: Traditional themes and new directions (pp. 179–210). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office on Women’s Health. (n.d.). Reflections body image program. Women’s Health. Retrieved from http://www.womenshealth.gov/health-topics/a-z-topic/details.cfm?oid=5290
   Google Scholar
• Van Maanen, J. (1975). Breaking in: Socialization to work. In R. Dubin (Ed.), Handbook of work, organization, and society (pp. 67–120). Chicago, IL: Rand McNally.
   Google Scholar
• Van Maanen, J. (1978). People processing: Strategies of organizational socialization. Organizational Dynamics, 7, 19–36. doi:10.1016/0090-2616(78)90032-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Maanen, J., & Schein, E. H. (1979). Toward a theory of organizational socialization. In B. M. Staw (Ed). Research in organizational behavior (Vol. 1, pp. 209–264). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
   Google Scholar
• Waldeck, J. H., & Myers, K. K. (2008). Organizational assimilation theory, research, and implications for multiple areas of the discipline: A state of the art review. In C. S. Beck (Ed.), Communication yearbook 31 (pp. 322–367). New York, NY: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Wiederman, M. W., & Pryor, T. L. (2000). Body dissatisfaction, bulimia, and depression among women: The mediating role of drive for thinness. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 27, 90–95. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-108X(200001)27:1<90::AID-EAT10>3.0.CO;2-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, E. A., & Connaughton, S. L. (2012). Expressions of identifications: The nature of talk and identity tensions among organizational members in a struggling organization. Communication Studies, 63, 457–481. doi:10.1080/10510974.2011.630439
   Google Scholar
• Woodward, M. S., Rosenfeld, L. B., & May, S. K. (1996). Sex differences in social support in sororities and fraternities. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 24, 260–272. doi:10.1080/00909889609365456
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zoller, H. M. (2003). Working out managerialism in workplace health promotion. Management Communication Quarterly, 17, 171–205. doi:10.1177/0893318903253003
   Google Scholar
• Zoller, H. M. (2004). Manufacturing health: Employee perspectives on problematic outcomes in a workplace health promotion initiative. Western Journal of Communication, 68, 278–301. doi:10.1080/10570310409374802
   Google Scholar