Medical Drama Viewing and Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors: Understanding the Role of Health Locus of Control Beliefs and Education Level

References

• ABC Television Network. (2008). Season program rankings (through 5/25) [Press release]. Retrieved from http://abcmedianet.com/web/dnr/dispDNR.aspx?id=052808_06
   Google Scholar
• Annenberg National Health Communication Survey. (2013). ANHCS 2005-2012 user’s guide & codebook. Retrieved from http://anhcs.asc.upenn.edu
   Google Scholar
• Bahk, C. M. (2001). Drench effects of media portrayal of fatal virus disease on health locus of control beliefs. Health Communication, 13, 187–204. doi:10.1207/S15327027HC1302_4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barefoot, J. C., Grønbæk, M., Feaganes, J. R., McPherson, R. S., Williams, R. B., & Siegler, I. C. (2002). Alcoholic beverage preference, diet, and health habits in the UNC Alumni Heart Study. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 76, 466–472.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berglund, E., Lytsy, P., & Westerling, R. (2014). The influence of locus of control on self-rated health in context of chronic disease: A structural equation modeling approach in a cross sectional study. BMC Public Health, 14, 492. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-492
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Box, G., & Cox, D. (1964). An analysis of transformations. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B (Methodological), 26, 211–252.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, J. D., & Newcomer, S. F. (1991). Television viewing and adolescents’ sexual behavior. Journal of Homosexuality, 21, 77–92. doi:10.1300/J082v21n01_07
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calnan, M. (1989). Control over health and patterns of health-related behaviour. Social Science & Medicine, 29, 131–136. doi:10.1016/0277-9536(89)90161-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chory-Assad, R. M., & Tamborini, R. (2001). Television doctors: An analysis of physicians in fictional and non-fictional television programs. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 45, 499–521. doi:10.1207/s15506878jobem4503_8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chory-Assad, R. M., & Tamborini, R. (2003). Television exposure and the public’s perceptions of physicians. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 47, 197–215. doi:10.1207/s15506878jobem4702_3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung, J. E. (2014). Medical dramas and viewer perception of health: Testing cultivation effects. Human Communication Research, 40, 333–349. doi:10.1111/hcre.12026
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke, J. N. (1991). Media portrayal of disease from the medical, political economy, and life-style perspectives. Qualitative Health Research, 1, 287–308. doi:10.1177/104973239100100302
   Google Scholar
• Clarke, J. N., & Binns, J. (2006). The portrayal of heart disease in mass print magazines, 1991–2001. Health Communication, 19, 39–48. doi:10.1207/s15327027hc1901_5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2013). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences (3rd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, J., & Weimann, G. (2000). Cultivation revisited: Some genres have some effects on some viewers. Communication Reports, 13(2), 99–114. doi:10.1080/08934210009367728
   Google Scholar
• Collins, R. L., Elliott, M. N., Berry, S. H., Kanouse, D. E., Kunkel, D., Hunter, S. B., & Miu, A. (2004). Watching sex on television predicts adolescent initiation of sexual behavior. Pediatrics, 114, e280–e289. doi:10.1542/peds.2003-1065-L
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Custers, K., & van den Bulck, J. (2012). The cultivation of fear of sexual violence in women: Processes and moderators of the relationship between television and fear. Communication Research, 40. doi:10.1177/0093650212440444
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friis, K., Lasgaard, M., Rowlands, G., Osborne, R. H., & Maindal, H. T. (2016). Health literacy mediates the relationship between educational attainment and health behavior: A Danish population-based study. Journal of Health Communication, 21, 54–60. doi:10.1080/10810730.2016.1201175
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerbner, G., & Gross, L. (1976). Living with television: The violence profile. Journal of Communication, 26(2), 172–194. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1976.tb01397.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerbner, G., Gross, L., Morgan, M., & Signorielli, N. (1980). The “mainstreaming” of America: Violence profile no. 11. Journal of Communication, 30(3), 10–29. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1980.tb01987.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerbner, G., Gross, L., Morgan, M., Signorielli, N., & Shanahan, J. (2002). Growing up with television: Cultivation processes. In J. Bryant & D. Zillmann (Eds.), Media effects: Advances in theory and research (pp. 43–67). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Green, M. C., & Brock, T. C. (2000). The role of transportation in the persuasiveness of public narratives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 701–721. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.79.5.701
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grotz, M., Hapke, U., Lampert, T., & Baumeister, H. (2011). Health locus of control and health behaviour: Results from a nationally representative survey. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 16, 129–140. doi:10.1080/13548506.2010.521570
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harnack, L., Block, G., Subar, A., Lane, S., & Brand, R. (1997). Association of cancer prevention-related nutrition knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes to cancer prevention dietary behavior. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 97, 957–965. doi:10.1016/S0002-8223(97)00231-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hether, H. J., Huang, G. C., Beck, V., Murphy, S. T., & Valente, T. W. (2008). Entertainment-education in a media-saturated environment: Examining the impact of single and multiple exposures to breast cancer storylines on two popular medical dramas. Journal of Health Communication, 13, 808–823. doi:10.1080/10810730802487471
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hetsroni, A. (2009). If you must be hospitalized, television is not the place: Diagnoses, survival rates and demographic characteristics of patients in TV hospital dramas. Communication Research Reports, 26, 311–322. doi:10.1080/08824090903293585
   Google Scholar
• Hetsroni, A. (2014). Ceiling effect in cultivation general TV viewing, genre-specific viewing, and estimates of health concerns. Journal of Media Psychology, 26, 10–18. doi:10.1027/1864-1105/a000099
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hwang, W. J., Hong, O. S., & Rankin, S. H. (2015). Predictors of health-promoting behavior associated with cardiovascular diseases among Korean blue-collar workers. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, 27, NP691–NP702. doi:10.1177/1010539513500338
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janowski, K., Kurpas, D., Kusz, J., Mroczek, B., & Jedynak, T. (2013). Health-related behavior, profile of health locus of control and acceptance of illness in patients suffering from chronic somatic diseases. Plos One, 8, e63920. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0063920
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karvinen, K. H., & Carr, L. J. (2014). Does the perception that God controls health outcomes matter for health behaviors? Journal of Health Psychology, 19, 521–530. doi:10.1177/1359105312474914
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• L’Engle, K. L., Brown, J. D., & Kenneavy, K. (2006). The mass media are an important context for adolescents’ sexual behavior. Journal of Adolescent Health, 38, 186–192. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.03.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LaCaille, L. J., Dauner, K. N., Krambeer, R. J., & Pedersen, J. (2011). Psychosocial and environmental determinants of eating behaviors, physical activity, and weight change among college students: A qualitative analysis. Journal of American College Health, 59, 531–538. doi:10.1080/07448481.2010.523855
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, C. (2009). The interplay between media use and interpersonal communication in the context of healthy lifestyle behaviors: Reinforcing or substituting? Mass Communication and Society, 13, 48–66. doi:10.1080/15205430802694869
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levenson, H. (1974). Activism and powerful others: Distinctions within the concept of internal-external control. Journal of Personality Assessment, 38, 377–383. doi:10.1080/00223891.1974.10119988
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manfredi, C., Lacey, L., Warnecke, R., & Buis, M. (1992). Smoking-related behavior, beliefs, and social environment of young black women in subsidized public housing in Chicago. American Journal of Public Health, 82, 267–272. doi:10.2105/AJPH.82.2.267
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy, S. T., Hether, H. J., & Rideout, V. (2008). How healthy is prime time? An analysis of health content in popular time television programs. Menlo Park, CA: Kaiser Family Foundation & USC Annenberg Norman Lear Center’s Hollywood, Health & Society. Retrieved from http://www.learcenter.org/images/event_uploads/Howhealthyisprimetime.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Nabi, R. L., & Sullivan, J. L. (2001). Does television viewing relate to engagement in protective action against crime? A cultivation analysis from a theory of reasoned action perspective. Communication Research, 28, 802–825. doi:10.1177/009365001028006004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norman, P., Bennett, P., Smith, C., & Murphy, S. (1998). Health locus of control and health behaviour. Journal of Health Psychology, 3, 171–180. doi:10.1177/135910539800300202
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40, 879–891. doi:10.3758/BRM.40.3.879
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quick, B. L. (2009). The effects of viewing Grey’s Anatomy on perceptions of doctors and patient satisfaction. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 53, 38–55. doi:10.1080/08838150802643563
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quick, B. L., Morgan, S. E., LaVoie, N. R., & Bosch, D. (2014). Grey’s Anatomy viewing and organ donation attitude formation: Examining mediators bridging this relationship among African Americans, Caucasians, and Latinos. Communication Research, 41, 690–716. doi:10.1177/0093650213475476
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ridout, V. J. (2008). Television as a health educator: A case study of Grey’s Anatomy. Retrieved from Kaiser Family Foundation website http://kff.org/other/television-as-a-health-educator-a-case
   Google Scholar
• Rimal, R. N., Flora, J. A., & Schooler, C. (1999). Achieving improvements in overall health orientation effects of campaign exposure, information seeking, and health media use. Communication Research, 26, 322–348. doi:10.1177/009365099026003003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross, C. E., & Wu, C. (1995). The links between education and health. American Sociological Review, 60, 719–745. doi:10.2307/2096319
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rotter, J. B. (1954). Social learning and clinical psychology (Vol. ix). Englewood Cliffs, NJ, US: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Rotter, J. B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 80(1), 1–28. doi:10.1037/h0092976
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sangeeta, S., & Rana, S. S. (2015). Health locus of control as correlate of health promoting behaviors. Indian Journal of Health and Wellbeing, 6, 580–584.
   Google Scholar
• Shaw, B. A., & Spokane, L. S. (2008). Examining the association between education level and physical activity changes during early old age. Journal of Aging and Health, 20, 767–787. doi:10.1177/0898264308321081
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shrum, L. J., & Lee, J. (2012). Multiple processes underlying cultivation effects: How cultivation works depends on the types of beliefs being cultivated. In M. Morgan, J. Shanahan, & N. Signorielli (Eds.), Living with television now: Advances in cultivation theory and research (pp. 147–167). New York, NY: Peter Lang.
   Google Scholar
• Sørlie, T., & Sexton, H. C. (2004). Predictors of change in health locus of control following surgical treatment. Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 991–1004. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00167-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steptoe, A., & Wardle, J. (2001). Locus of control and health behaviour revisited: A multivariate analysis of young adults from 18 countries. British Journal of Psychology, 92, 659–672. doi:10.1348/000712601162400
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stinson, M. E., & Heischmidt, K. (2012). Patients’ perceptions of physicians: A pilot study of the influence of prime-time fictional medical shows. Health Marketing Quarterly, 29, 66–81. doi:10.1080/07359683.2012.652579
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Strouse, J. S., Buerkel-Rothfuss, N., & Long, E. C. J. (1995). Gender and family as moderators of the relationship between music video exposure and adolescent sexual permissiveness. Adolescence, 30, 505–521.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stryker, J. E. (2003). Media and marijuana: A longitudinal analysis of news media effects on adolescents’ marijuana use and related outcomes, 1977-1999. Journal of Health Communication, 8, 305–328. doi:10.1080/10810730305724
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallston, K. A., Wallston, B. S., & De Vellis, R. F. (1978). Development of the multidimensional health locus of control (MHLC) scales. Health Education & Behavior, 6, 160–170. doi:10.1177/109019817800600107
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Worden, J. K., & Flynn, B. S. (2002). Using mass media to prevent cigarette smoking. In R. C. Hornik (Ed.), Public health communication: Evidence for behavior change (pp. 23–34). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Yanovitzky, I., & Stryker, J. (2001). Mass media, social norms, and health promotion efforts: A longitudinal study of media effects on youth binge drinking. Communication Research, 28, 208–239. doi:10.1177/009365001028002004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ye, Y., & Ward, K. E. (2010). The depiction of illness and related matters in two top-ranked primetime network medical dramas in the United States: A content analysis. Journal of Health Communication, 15, 555–570. doi:10.1080/10810730.2010.492564
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar