533
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Self-Affirmation Moderates Self-Congruency Effect in Health Messaging

&

References

  • Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179–211. doi:10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
  • Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Armitage, C. J., Harris, P. R., Hepton, G., & Napper, L. (2008). Self-affirmation increases acceptance of health-risk information among UK adult smokers with low socioeconomic status. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 22, 88–95. doi:10.1037/0893-164X.22.1.88
  • Block, L. G. (2005). Self-referenced fear and guilt appeals: The moderating role of self-construal. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 35, 2290–2309. doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2005.tb02103.x
  • Burnkrant, R. E., & Unnava, H. R. (1995). Effects of self-referencing on persuasion. Journal of Consumer Research, 22, 17–26. doi:10.1086/209432
  • Chang, C. (2002). Self-congruency as a cue in different advertising-processing contexts. Communication Research, 29, 503–536. doi:10.1177/009365002236193
  • Chang, C. (2005). Ad-self-congruency effects: Self-enhancing cognitive and affective mechanisms. Psychology & Marketing, 22, 887–910. doi:10.1002/mar.20089
  • Chang, C. (2006). Seeing the small picture: Ad-self versus ad-culture congruency in international advertising. Journal of Business and Psychology, 20, 445–465. doi:10.1007/s10869-005-9011-4
  • Chang, C. (2009). Enhancing the effectiveness of antismoking messages via self-congruent appeals. Health Communication, 24, 33–40. doi:10.1080/10410230802606976
  • Chang, C. (2010). Message framing and interpersonal orientation at cultural and individual levels: Involvement as a moderator. International Journal of Advertising, 29, 765–794. doi:10.2501/S0265048710201452
  • Chang, C. (2011). Enhancing self-referencing to health messages. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 45, 147–164. doi:10.1111/j.1745-6606.2010.01196.x
  • Correll, J., Spencer, S. J., & Zanna, M. P. (2004). An affirmed self and an open mind: Self-affirmation and sensitivity to argument strength. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40, 350–356. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2003.07.001
  • Dijkstra, A. (2014). The persuasive effects of personalization through: Name mentioning in a smoking cessation message. User Modeling and User-adapted Interaction, 24, 393–411. doi:10.1007/s11257-014-9147-x
  • Fishbein, M., & Yzer, M. C. (2003). Using theory to design effective health behavior interventions. Communication Theory, 13, 164–183. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2885.2003.tb00287.x
  • Gilbert, D. T., Pinel, E. C., Wilson, T. D., Blumberg, S. J., & Wheatley, T. P. (1998). Immune neglect: A source of durability bias in affective forecasting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 617–638. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.75.3.617
  • Good, A., & Abraham, C. (2007). Measuring defensive responses to threatening messages: A meta-analysis of measures. Health Psychology Review, 1, 208–229. doi:10.1080/17437190802280889
  • Good, A., & Abraham, C. (2011). Can the effectiveness of health promotion campaigns be improved using self-efficacy and self-affirmation interventions? An analysis of sun protection messages. Psychology & Health, 26, 799–818. doi:10.1080/08870446.2010.495157
  • Haberstroh, S., Oyserman, D., Schwarz, N., Kühnen, U., & Ji, L.-J. (2002). Is the interdependent self more sensitive to question context than the independent self? Self-Construal and the observation of conversational norms. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 38, 323–329. doi:10.1006/jesp.2001.1513
  • Han, S., & Shavitt, S. (1994). Persuasion and culture: Advertising appeals in individualistic and collectivistic societies. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 30, 325–350. doi:10.1006/jesp.1994.1016
  • Harris, P. R., & Napper, L. (2005). Self-Affirmation and the biased processing of threatening health-risk information. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 1250–1263. doi:10.1177/0146167205274694
  • Heine, S. J., Lehman, D. R., Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1999). Is there a universal need for positive self-regard? Psychological Review, 106, 766–794. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.106.4.766
  • Hong, J. W., & Zinkhan, G. M. (1995). Self-Concept and advertising effectiveness: The influence of congruency. Psychology & Marketing, 12, 53–77. doi:10.1002/mar.4220120105
  • Jacobson, J. A., Ji, L.-J., Ditto, P. H., Zhang, Z., Sorkin, D. H., Warren, S. K., … Roper-Coleman, S. (2012). The effects of culture and self-construal on responses to threatening health information. Psychology & Health, 27, 1194–1210. doi:10.1080/08870446.2011.652963
  • Jessop, D. C., Simmonds, L. V., & Sparks, P. (2009). Motivational and behavioural consequences of self-affirmation interventions: A study of sunscreen use among women. Psychology & Health, 24, 529–544. doi:10.1080/08870440801930320
  • Kenny, D. A., Kaniskan, B., & McCoach, D. B. (2015). The performance of RMSEA in models with small degrees of freedom. Sociological Methods & Research, 44, 486–507. doi:10.1177/0049124114543236
  • Kitayama, S., & Uskul, K. (2011). Culture, mind, and the brain: Current evidence and future directions. Annual Review of Psychology, 62, 419–449. doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-120709-145357
  • Ko, D. M., & Kim, H. S. (2010). Personal-Relational framing and defensive processing: A cultural examination. Health Communication, 25, 61–68. doi:10.1080/10410230903473532
  • Kunda, Z. (1987). Motivated inference: Self-Serving generation and evaluation of causal theories. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 636–647. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.53.4.636
  • Lee, A. Y., Aaker, J. L., & Gardner, W. L. (2000). The pleasure and pains of distinct self- construals: The role of interdependence in regulatory focus. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 1122–1134. doi:10.10371/0022-3514.78.6.l 122.
  • Liberman, A., & Chaiken, S. (1992). Defensive processing of personally relevant health messages. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18, 669–679. doi:10.1177/0146167292186002
  • Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224–253. doi:10.1037//0033-295X.98.2.224
  • Nan, X., & Zhao, X. (2012). When does self-affirmation reduce negative responses to antismoking messages. Communication Studies, 63, 482–497. doi:10.1080/10510974.2011.633151
  • Nan, X., Zhao, X., Yang, B., & Iles, I. (2015). Effectiveness of cigarette warning labels: Examining the impact of graphics, message framing, and temporal framing. Health Communication, 30, 81–89. doi:10.1080/10410236.2013.841531
  • Noar, S. M., Bell, T., Kelley, D., Barker, J., & Yzer, M. (2018). Perceived message effectiveness measures in tobacco education campaigns: A systematic review. Communication Methods and Measures, 12, 295–313. doi:10.1080/19312458.2018.1483017
  • Petty, R. E., Barden, J., & Wheeler, S. C. (2009). The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion: Developing health promotions for sustained behavioral change. In R. J. DiClemente, R. A. Crosby, & M. C. Kegler (Eds.), Emerging theories in health promotion practice and research (2nd ed., pp. 184–214). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  • Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986). The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 19, 123–205. doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-4964-1_1
  • Reinhart, A. M., Marshall, H. M., Feeley, T. H., & Tutzauer, F. (2007). The persuasive effects of message framing in organ donation: The mediating role of psychological reactance. Communication Monographs, 74, 229–255. doi:10.1080/03637750701397098
  • Schüz, N., Schüz, B., & Eid, M. (2013). When risk communication backfires: Randomized controlled trial on self-affirmation and reactance to personalized risk feedback in high-risk individuals. Health Psychology, 32, 561–570. doi:10.1037/a0029887
  • Sherman, D. K., & Cohen, G. L. (2002). Accepting threatening information: Self-Affirmation and the reduction of defensive biases. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11, 119–123. doi:10.1111/1467-8721.00182
  • Shi, R., Messaris, P., & Cappella, J. N. (2014). Effects of online comments on smokers’ perception of antismoking public service announcements. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 19, 975–990. doi:10.1111/jcc4.12057
  • Singelis, T. M. (1994). The measurement of independent and interdependent self-construals. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 580–591. doi:10.1177/0146167294205014
  • Spassova, G., & Lee, A. Y. (2013). Looking into the future: A match between self-view and temporal distance. Journal of Consumer Research, 40, 159–171. doi:10.1086/669145
  • Steele, C. M. (1988). The psychology of self-affirmation: Sustaining the integrity of the self. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 21, pp. 261–302). New York, NY: Academic Press.
  • Torelli, C. J. (2006). Individuality or conformity? The effect of independent and interdependent self-concepts on public judgments. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 16, 240–248. doi:10.1207/s15327663jcp1603_6
  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2012). Preventing tobacco use among youth and young adults. A report of the surgeon general. Atlanta, GA.
  • Updegraff, J. A., Sherman, D. K., Luyster, F. S., & Mann, T. L. (2007). The effects of message quality and congruency on perceptions of tailored health communications. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43, 249–257. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2006.01.007
  • Uskul, A. K., & Oyserman, D. (2010). When message-frame fits salient cultural-frame, messages feel more persuasive. Psychology and Health, 25, 321–337. doi:10.1080/08870440902759156
  • van Koningsbruggen, G. M., & Das, E. (2009). Don’t derogate this message! Self-Affirmation promotes online type 2 diabetes risk test taking. Psychology and Health, 24, 635–649. doi:10.1080/08870440802340156
  • van Koningsbruggen, G. M., Das, E., & Roskos-Ewoldsen, D. R. (2009). How self-affirmation reduces defensive processing of threatening health information: Evidence at the implicit level. Health Psychology : Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association, 28, 563–568. doi:10.1037/a0015610
  • Wang, C. L., & Mowen, J. C. (1997). The separateness-connectedness self-schema: Scale development and application to message construction. Psychology & Marketing, 14, 185–207. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1520-6793(199703)14:2<185::AID-MAR5>3.0.CO 2-9.
  • Wang, X., & Zhao, X. (2018). The mediating role of temporal considerations on the effects of self-affirmation on responses to organ donation messages. Health Communication, 33, 148–155. doi:10.1080/10410236.2016.1250190
  • Yang, B., Nan, X., & Zhao, X. (2017). Persuasiveness of anti-smoking messages: Self-construal and message focus. Health Education, 117, 398–413. doi:10.1108/HE-12-2016-0064
  • Yu, N., & Shen, F. (2013). Benefits for me or risks for others: A cross-culture investigation of effects of message frames and cultural appeals. Health Communication, 28, 133–145. doi:10.1080/10410236.2012.662147
  • Zhao, X., & Nan, X. (2010). Influence of self-affirmation on responses to gain- versus loss- framed antismoking messages. Human Communication Research, 36, 493–511. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.2010.01385.x

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.