References
- Aboueid, S., Bourgeault, I., & Giroux, I. (2018). Nutrition care practices of primary care providers for weight management in multidisciplinary primary care settings in Ontario, Canada - a qualitative study. BMC Family Practice, 19(69), 1–9. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-018-0760-3
- Aboueid, S., Jasinska, M., Bourgeault, I., & Giroux, I. (2018). Current weight management approaches used by primary care providers in six multidisciplinary healthcare settings in Ontario. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 50(4), 169–178. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0844562118769229
- Alberga, A. S., Russell‐Mayhew, S., Von Ranson, K. M., McLaren, L., Ramos Salas, X., & Sharma, A. M. (2016). Future research in weight bias: What next? Obesity, 24(6), 1207–1209. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.21480
- Amy, N. K., Aalborg, A., Lyons, P., & Keranen, L. (2006). Barriers to routine gynecological cancer screening for White and African-American obese women. International Journal of Obesity, 30(1), 147–155. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0803105
- Anderson, J., & Bresnahan, M. (2013). Communicating stigma about body size. Health Communication, 28(6), 603–615. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2012.706792
- Bell, K., Salmon, A., & McNaughton, D. (2011). Alcohol, tobacco, obesity and the new public health. Critical Public Health, 21(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09581596.2010.530642
- Blackburn, M., Stathi, A., Keogh, E., & Eccleston, C. (2015). Raising the topic of weight in general practice: Perspectives of GPs and primary care nurses. BMJ Open, 5(8), e008546. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008546
- Bleich, S. N., Gudzune, K. A., Bennett, W. L., Jarlenski, M. P., & Cooper, L. A. (2013). How does physician BMI impact patient trust and perceived stigma? Preventive Medicine, 57(2), 120–124. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.05.005
- Brauer, P., Gorber, S. C., Shaw, E., Singh, H., Bell, N., Shane, A., Jaramillo, A., & Tonelli, M., & Canadian Task Force on Preventive Healthcare. (2015). Recommendations for prevention of weight gain and use of behavioural and pharmacologic interventions to manage overweight and obesity in adults in primary care. CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal = Journal De l’Association Medicale Canadienne, 187(3), 184–195. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1503/mcaj.140887
- Bray, G. A., Kim, K. K., & Wilding, J. P. H., & World Obesity Federation. (2017). Obesity: A chronic relapsing progressive disease process. A position statement of the World Obesity Federation. Obesity Reviews, 18(7), 715–723. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12551
- Canadian Cancer Statistics. (2018). A 2018 special report on cancer incidence by stage. Goverment of Canada. http://www.cancer.ca/~/media/cancer.ca/CW/cancer%20information/cancer%20101/Canadian%20cancer%20statistics/Canadian-Cancer-Statistics-2018-EN.pdf?la=en
- Canadian Medical Association (CMA). (2015). CMA recognizes obesity as a disease. The Canadian Medical Association. https://www.cma.ca/En/Pages/cma-recognizes-obesity-as-a-disease.aspx
- Canadian Obesity Network. (n.d.). 5As of obesity management. Obesity Canada. https://obesitycanada.ca/resources/5as/
- Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (3rd ed.). Sage Publications Ltd.
- Dutta-Bergman, M. (2005). The relation between health-orientation, provider-patient communication, and satisfaction: An individual-difference approach. Health Communication, 18(3), 291–303. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327027hc1803_6
- Gilson, L. (2003). Trust and the development of healthcare as a social institution. Social Science Medicine, 56(7), 1453–1468. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(02)00142-9
- Gudzune, K. A., Bennett, W. L., Cooper, L. A., & Bleich, S. N. (2014). Patients who feel judged about their weight have lower trust in their primary care providers. Patient Education and Counseling, 97(1), 128–131. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2014.06.019
- Gudzune, K. A., Clark, J., Appel, L., & Bennett, W. (2012). Primary care providers’ communication with patients during weight counseling: A focus group study. Patient Education and Counseling, 89(1), 152–157. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2012.06.033
- Hales, C. M., Carroll, M. D., Fryar, C. D., & Ogden, C. L. (2017). Prevalence of obesity among adults and youth: United States, 2015-2016. NCHS data brief, no 288. National Center for Health Statistics.
- Hesse, C., & Rauscher, E. A. (2019). The relationships between doctor-patient affectionate communication and patient perceptions and outcomes. Health Communication, 34(8), 881–891. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2018.1439269
- Jacobson, D., & Gance-Cleveland, B. (2011). A systematic review of primary healthcare provider education and training using the chronic care model for childhood obesity. Obesity Reviews, 12(5), e244–e256. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.2011.12
- Khan, S. S., Tarrant, M., Weston, D., Shah, P., & Farrow, C. (2018). Can raising awareness about the psychological causes of obesity reduce obesity stigma? Health Communication, 33(5), 585–592. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2017.1283566
- Kramer, C. K., Zinman, B., & Retnakaran, R. (2013). Are metabolically healthy overweight and obesity benign conditions? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of the Internal Medicine, 159(11), 758–769. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-159-11-201312030-00008
- Labrie, N., & Schulz, P. J. (2014). Does argumentation matter? A systematic literature review on the role of argumentation in doctor-patient communication. Health Communication, 29(10), 996–1008. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2013.829018
- Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Sage Publications Ltd.
- Meyer, S. B., & Ward, P. R. (2008). Do your patients trust you? A sociological understanding of the implications of patient mistrust in healthcare professionals. Australasian Medical Journal, 1(1), 63–69. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4066/amj.2008.7
- Myers, M. D. (2013). Qualitative research in business and management. Sage Publications Ltd.
- Ose, S. (2016). Using Excel and Word to structure qualitative data. Journal of Applied Social Science, 10(2), 147–162. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1936724416664948
- Perrin, E. M., Vann, J. C., Lazorick, S., Ammerman, A., Teplin, S., Flower, K., Wegner, S. E., & Benjamin, J. T. (2008). Bolstering confidence in obesity prevention and treatment counseling for resident and community pediatricians. Patient Education and Counseling, 73(2), 179–185. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2008.07.025
- Phelan, S. M., Burgess, D. J., Yeazel, M. W., Hellerstedt, W. L., Griffin, J. M., & van Ryn, M. (2015). Impact of weight bias and stigma on quality of care and outcomes for patients with obesity. Obesity Reviews, 16(4), 319–326. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12266
- Puhl, R. M., & Heuer, C. A. (2009). The stigma of obesity: A review and update. Obesity (Silver Spring), 17(5), 941–964. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2008.636
- Randle, M. J., Okely, A. D., & Dolnicar, S. (2017). Communicating with parents of obese children: Which channels are most effective? Health Expectations, 20(2), 349–360. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.12463
- Rosella, L. C., Fitzpatrick, T., Wodchis, W. P., Calzavara, A., Manson, H., & Goel, V. (2014). High-cost health care users in Ontario, Canada: Demographic, socio-economic, and health status characteristics. BMC Health Services Research, 14(1), 532. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-014-0532-2
- Senate Canada. (2018). Obesity in Canada: A whole-of-society approach for a healthier Canada. Goverment of Canada. https://sencanada.ca/content/sen/committee/421/soci/rms/01mar16/Report-e.ht
- Shiffman, S., Sweeney, C. T., Pillitteri, J. L., Sembower, M. A., Harkins, A. M., & Wadden, T. A. (2009). Weight management advice: What do doctors recommend to their patients? Preventive Medicine, 49(6), 482–486. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.09.015
- Shue, C. K., Whitt, J. K., Daniel, L., & Shue, C. B. (2016). Promoting conversations between physicians and families about childhood obesity: Evaluation of physician communication training within a clinical practice improvement initiative. Health Communication, 31(4), 408–416. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2014.963785
- Smith, R. A. (2007). Media depictions of health topics: Challenge and stigma formats. Journal of Health Communication: International Perspectives, 12(3), 233–249. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730701266273
- Suehs, B. T., Kamble, P., Huang, J., Hammer, M., Bouchard, J., Costantio, M. E., & Renda, A. (2017). Association of obesity with healthcare utilization and costs in a medicare population. Current Medical Research and Opinion, 33(12), 2173–2180. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/03007995.2017.1361915
- Thomas, S. L., Lewis, S., Hyde, J., Castle, D., & Komesaroff, P. (2010). “The solution needs to be complex.” Obese adults’ attitudes about the effectiveness of individual and population based interventions for obesity. BMC Public Health, 10(1), 420. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-420
- Torti, J., Luig, T., Borowitz, M., Johnson, J. A., Sharma, A. M., & Campbell-Scherer, D. L. (2017). Erratum to: The 5As team patient study: Patient perspectives on the role of primary care in obesity management. BMC Family Practice, 18(1), 58. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-017-0631-3
- World Cancer Research Fund. (2018). Cancer prevention recommendations. World Cancer Research Fund. https://www.wcrf.org/dietandcancer/cancer-prevention-recommendations
- World Health Organization (WHO). (2018). Fact sheets - Overweight and obesity. World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
- Wright, K. B., Mazzone, R., Oh, H., Du, J., Smithson, A. B., Ryan, D., MacNeil, D., Tong, X., & Stiller, C. (2016). The influence of U.S. chain restaurant food consumption and obesity in China and South Korea: An ecological perspective of food consumption, self-efficacy in weight management, willingness to communicate about weight/diet, and depression. Health Communication, 31(11), 1356–1366. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2015.1072124
- Wynn, K., Trudeau, J. D., Taunton, K., Gowans, M., & Scott, I. (2010). Nutrition in primary care: Current practices, attitudes, and barriers. Canadian Family Physician Medecin De Famille Canadien, 56(3), e109–e116.
- Yin, R. K. (2009). Doing case study research (4th ed.). Sage Publications Ltd.